1

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

vaxtang goilaZe

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis

pirveli sruli gamokvleva

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia

2000

2

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis wevris

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mravaltomiani monografia “saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoria” gamoqveynebis Tanave gadaiqca umaRlesi

saswavleblebis pedagogebisa da studentebisaTvis eklesiis istoriis

saxelmZRvanelo wignad.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis

ilia II-is locva kurTxeviT 1998 wlis “saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi”

gamoqveynda aRniSnuli monografiis mokle redaqcia, romelic ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis samecniero sabWos mier

gadatanili iqna sadisertaciod.

qvemdebare wignSi warmodgenilia Cveni cnobili sazogado moRvaweebisa

da mecnierebis mier gamoTqmuli recenziebi da sityvebi aRniSnuli disertaciis

dacvisas, romelsac Tan erTvis universitetidan da institutebidan miRebuli

gamoxmaurebani.

3

S i n a a r s i

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia anania jafariZis disertaciaze “saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)” ................................................................................................................ 5 mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents qalbaton giuli alasanias ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia ...................................... 26 pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes ..............................................................43

ist. mecn. doqtor valerian maWaraZis sityva ............................................................... 44

ist. mecn. doqtor ilia tabaRua sityva .................................................................... 44

morwmune qalbatonis sityva .................................................................................................................... 45

profesor revaz baramiZe sityva .................................................................................. 46 kinoreJisor revaz CxeiZe sityva .......................................................................................... 46

akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva ................................................................................. 48

istoriis mecn. doqtor marine CxartiSvilis sityva .................................................. 49

mTavarepiskopos meufe Tadeozis sityva......................................................................................... 50

ist. mecn. doqtor iakob axuaSvilis sityva: ................................................................. 52

docent rusudan wiqvaZis sityva .......................................................................... 52 ist. mecn. doqtor fridon sixaruliZis sityva .................................................................... 53 ist. mecn. kand. deniza sumbaZis sityva ................................................................... 54 mweral ciala ardaSelias sityva ..............................................................................55 akademikos daviT musxeliSvili sityva .............................................................................55 iRumen mama Sios sityva ..................................................................................................... 56

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Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis pedinstitutis istoriis fakultetis docent s. vardosaniZis da kaTedris gamge, prof. sv. gamsaxurdias daskvna ........................................................................................... 57 a.jafariZis pasuxi wamyvan organizacias ............................................................................. 59 Tsu profesor filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtor z. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba .................................................. 61 quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis saq. istoriis kaTedris gamgis ist. mecn. doqtor prof. g. mWedliZis gamoxmaureba ....................... 64 Tbilisis pedinstitutis qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. lela xaCiZis da kaTedris ufrosi maswavleblis T. koWlamazaSvilis gamoxmaureba ......................................... 65 saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis kaTedris gamgis prof. n. xazaraZis recenzia .............................................................................................................................................. 68 Tsu religiaTmcodneobis da eTikis kaTedris docentis r. wiqvaZisa da kaTedris gamgis prof. T. fanjikiZis gamoxmaureba ................................................................ 71 Tsu kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. ist. mecn. doqtor qeTevan pavliaSvili recenzia ............................................. 74 goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli institutis kaTedris gamge, prof. el. mamisTvaliSvilis da docent v. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba ........................ 76 saq. mecn. akademiis istoriisa da EeTnografiis institutis mecn. TanamSromlis e. kaWaravas daskvna ...................................................................... 78

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istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia

anania jafariZis disertaciaze

“saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)”

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos istoria,

gadarCenisTvis mudmivi brZolaa. CamonaTvalSi “ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba”,

romelic qarTvel xalxs gadarCenis ZiriTad pirobad miuCnevia, Tanmimdevrobis

cvlisas xSirad pirvel adgilze sarwmunoebas wamoswevda xolme, vinaidan eris

konsolidaciis saqmeSi eklesia xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro mniSvnelovan rols

asrulebda, vidre saero xelisufleba. marTlmadidebloba da eklesia

saukuneebis manZilze iyo is ZiriTadi RerZi, is xerxemali, romelzedac iyo

daSenebuli erovnuli cnobiereba.

qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis sicocxlis unarianoba, romlis mizezebis

kvlevasac eZRvneba dRes sapaeqrod warmodgenili gamokvleva, swored

saqarTvelos eklesiis sicocxlisunarianobiT iyo gamowveuli. aseTia naSromis

ZiriTadi Tezisi, romelsac avtori mravali argumentiT da Zalze

damajereblad asabuTebs.

ukanasknel wlebSi eklesiis istoriisadmi interesis miuxedavad

gansaxilveli naSromi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli

sruli gamokvlevaa. pirvelia naSromi im TvalsazrisiTac, rom didi xnis

Semdeg eklesiaze mecnierul gamokvlevas qmnis sasuliero piri

marTlmadidebluri xedviT, gansxvavebuli gancdiT. es aris eklesiis warsuli

da dRevandeloba, danaxuli Signidan, organuli codniT, rogorc avtori

aRniSnavs, “marTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT dawerili istoria” (gv. 13).

amgvarad, es qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs,

romelic drodadro aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad.

warmodgenili disertaciis ramdenime ZiriTadi mizani aris:

1) daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes rwmena da ganamtkicos mrevli

am rwmenaSi;

2) gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynis da eris Rirseuli warsuli

gamo;

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3) aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi da am fonze

warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria da misi mniSvneloba qveynis da eris warsulsa

da awmyoSi.

Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia.

rac Seexeba mesames, Cemi dRevandeli mdgomareoba maiZulebs masze ufro

detalurad SevCerde da es movaleoba friad sasiamovnod da sapatiod mimaCnia.

Temis farglebSi, rogorc problemis dasmis TvalsazrisiT, aseve misi

SinaarsiT mniSvnelovnad scildeba sakandidato disertaciis amocanebs da

moTxovnebs, xolo misi avtori ueWvelad imsaxurebs Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.

saqarTvelos eklesiis warsulis Seswavla avtors imTaviTve farTod

dausaxavs. wignSi qveynis politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli

cxovreba ise organulad aris Serwymuli eklesiis istoriasTan da ise

msWvalavs mTel naSroms, rom xSirad Znelia imis gansazRvra, romelia

avtorisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovani. saqarTvelos da met-naklebad masTan

urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis istoriis monumentur tiloze warmodgenili

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis konteqstSia danaxuli. amdenad naSromi

mniSvnelovani SenaZenia aramarto saqarTvelos warsulis, aramed masTan

urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis, zogadad religiisa da, kerZod,

marTlmadideblobis istoriis TvalsazrisiT, mdidari problematikiT

warmodgenili saqarTvelos istoria da wyaroTmcodneoba, romelic wignis

meore plans qmnis, aranakleb saintereso da aranakleb mniSvnelovania.

dRes, rodesac eklesias kvlav daubrunda is mniSvnelovani funqcia,

romelic mas istoriulad mudam hqonda qarTveli xalxis warsulSi,

dRevandeli disertaciis dacvis mniSvneloba Zalze didia. TviT naSromis done

uTuod gazrdis eklesiis da samRvdeloebis avtoritets, xels Seuwyobs

sazogadoebis konsolidacias da yovelive es mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans

eris sulier amaRlebasa da gadarCenaSi.

warmodgenil naSromSi avtors Zalze bevr sakiTxze mouxdeba msjeloba,

maT Soris sakamaTosa da dadgenilze. igi rTulia kompoziciurad,

Sinaarsobrivad da, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargi eniT aris dawerili, Zneli

aRsaqmelia. wignis mniSneloba rTuli amocanis winaSe ayenebda ara marto

avtors, aramed mis mkiTxvelsac, romlisganac saTanado momzadebas moiTxovs.

wigni rTuli wasakiTxia emociurad. vinaidan Cvens winaSea saqarTvelos da

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qarTveli eris mTeli warsuli da awmyo, warmatebebi da ukusvlebi,

damoukideblobis, siZlieris da gareSe Zalis damorCilebis wlebi da yovelive

amis fonze eris Camoyalibebis uwyveti procesi. gacocxlebulia da

warmodgenilia konkretul pirovnebaTa portretebi maTi dadebiTi da

uaryofiTi mxareebiT, eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis rTuli urTierToba

sxvadasxva xanaSi, gare samyarosTan Sexvedrebi, omebis da mSvidobis istoria,

maTi mniSvneloba da yvelaferi es erTis amosunTqviT, erTi gancdiT aris

dawerili. Tumca aseTi naSromi, cxadia, erTbaSad ar iwereba, aseTi naSromi

mTeli cxovrebis nafiqria. mkvlevari kargad icnobs Sesabamis werilobiT

wyaroebs, rasac amdidrebs TviTmxilvelTa monacemebiT, xolo zogierT

SemTxvevaSi TviTon gvevlineba TviTmxilvelis rolSi. es faqti zrdis

gamokvlevis xarisxs da mniSvnelobas. amasTanave mTeli naSromi dawerilia

samecniero literaturis codniT da didi pativiscemiT winamorbed mkvlevarTa

mimarT. magram winamorbedebTan kamaTi ar Seadgens naSromis mizans. misi mizani

ufro avtoris mosazrebebis dasabuTebaa, romelic aramarto Tanabrad erkveva

istoriul da wyaroTmcodneobiT problematikaSi, aramed TviTon aris

profesionali istorikosi da wyaroTmcodne.

SeuZlebelia gamokvlevaSi ganxilul sakiTxTa ubralo CamoTvlac ki,

SevCerdebi mxolod zogierTze da amasTanave aRvniSnav maT zogierT xarvezs.

Cemi erT-erTi ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,

romelsac Zalze didi datvirTva aqvs samecniero naSromSi. es aris sqolioebis

ar arseboba. Tumca literaturis damowmeba xSirad ukve TavisTavad argumentia.

am sakmaod mZime SeniSvnas erTgvarad arbilebs is, rom istoriis

ganswavluloba kargad Cans, magram gamokvlevis am Taviseburebis gamo

yovelTvis ar xerxdeba Sejereba.

gamokvlevebis konkretuli sakiTxebi Serwymulia Teoriul problemebTan.

avtori msjelobs imaze, Tu ra aris qristianuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc

disciplina, asaxelebs mis wyaroebs, gansazRvravs Tavis amocanebs. sagangebod

Cerdeba jer msoflio istoriis, xolo Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

periodizaciaze. periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani principi.

aq amosavali xan istoriuli movlenaa (mag., mefobis gauqmeba), xan movlena

sakuTriv eklesiis cxovrebaSi (mag., avtokefaliis gauqmeba an aRdgena). MmTlad

misaRebi ar aris, ratom aris miCneuli oqros xanis dasasrulad XIV s. damdegi,

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Tu saqarTvelo ukve me-13 s. 20-iani wlebidan zedized ganicdis xan monRolTa,

xan xorezSahTa Tavdasxmebs, eqceva maTi politikuri kontrolis qveS an ratom

ar aris, magaliTad, calke gamoyofili 1917-21 ww. ratom aris miCneuli mijnad

VI s. da ar aris gamoyofili VII s. 20-iani wlebi, romelic avtoris araerTgzis

SeniSvniT aSkarad gadamtexi momentia qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi.

Zalze sainteresoa dakvirvebebi hagiografiul Zeglebze, sxvadasxva

Sinaarsis iuridiul dokumentebze, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ struqturaze, rTul

mudmiv problemad rCeba. avtori cal-calke ganixilavs TiToeul Zegls, afasebs

maT, rogorc wyaros da, kerZod, eklesiis istoriisaTvis. aseve SeniSnavT, rom

erTgvarad xelovnur STabeWdilebas istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da

saeklesio avtorebad, yovel SemTxvevaSi adreul saukuneebSi, vinaidan erTnic

da meorenic sasuliero pirebi arian. mkvlevari Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad

basil ezosmoZRvars miiCnevs, rac erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa.

marTalia, Zeglis avtori jerjerobiT ar aris dadgenili, magram

i. javaxiSvilis atribucia amJamad aRar aris gaziarebuli.

didi adgili eTmoba naSromSi qarTuli eris eTnogenezis sakiTxebs.

avtori msjelobs qarTvelebis sxvadasxva dasaxelebebze, ganixilavs eris

Camoyalibebis Teorias. aq yuradRebas ipyrobs qarTvelebis dakavSireba

bibliur TugalTan. aRniSnul sakiTxze uzarmazari literaturaa Seqmnili.

avtors TviTonac aqvs specialuri gamokvleva qarTvelebis eTnogenezze,

Sesabamisi argumentebi gansaxilvel wignSic aris motanili, magram, vfiqrob,

problema mainc moiTxovs Semdeg dakvirvebas.

mkvlevari farTod aSuqebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas qarTlSi, ris

Sedegadac msjelobs da akeTebs daskvnas, rom vinaidan mociqulebis mier

daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is, avtokefaliuri iyo,

amitomac qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria. es azri naSromSi

sxvaganac meordeba da avtori mas araerTxel sxvadasxva argumentiT asabuTebs.

Teoriulad es iqneb marTlac ase unda yofiliyo, magram realobaSi TviT

mociqulebis yofnis faqti saqarTveloSi araerTxel damdgara eWvqveS.

naSromSi naCvenebia, Tu rogor uxdebodaT qarTvelebs zog SemTxvevaSi Tavisi

kanonieri urTierTobis mtkiceba da rogor Znelad ikafavda gzas simarTle

adrec da axlac. Sors rom ar wavideT, amis magaliTad marTlmadideblur

diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis sakiTxic kmara. an rogor avxsnaT is.

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magaliTad faqti, rom 381 wels konstantinepolis II msoflio saeklesio krebis

aqtebSi episkoposTa xelmowerebidan Cans amasiis pontos eparqiis

warmomadgenlis iberiis episkoposis pantofiles monawileoba an me-12 s.

bizantili avtoris nilos doqsanopatriusis cnoba, romlis mixedviT 1143 w.

~helspontos amasia, romlis saepiskoposo iyo TviT iberiac~.

nabij-nabij, sxvadasxva wyaroebiT asabuTebs avtori dasavleT da

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTianobas, aCvenebs saepiskoposoebis raodenobriv

zrdas da Sesabamisad qristianobis warmatebebs saqarTveloSi, rac eris

Camoyalibebis aucilebeli pirobaa. wignSi cal-calkea ganxiluli eris iseTi

niSnebi, rogorc aris saerTo ena, saerTo teritoria, saerTo kulti,

erTmorwmuneoba, fsiqiuri wyoba, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyveteli

istoriuli da ekonomikuri kavSiri da sxv. yvela am niSans mkvlevari Zalze

adre xedavs qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. jer kidev qarTlis saxelmwifos

Camoyalibebis dros Zv.w. IV-III s.s. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq am monakveTSi

saintereso msjelobaa dasavleT da aRmosavleT teritoriebis erTianobaze,

termin iberiis mniSvnelobaze da sxv. sakiTxebze, Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri

qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb, Tumca kidev erTxel xdeba cxadi, rom

eris Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia da CamoTvlili niSnebis

dadastureba sxvadasxva dros garkveul safuZvels da tendencias qmnis mis

dasaCqareblad.

qarTlSi qristianobis oficialur religiad aRiarebis faqtis TariRad

avtori 317-318 ww. miiCnevs (gaziarebulia v. goilaZis azri), magram am sakiTxze

msjelobisas erTgvari winaaRmdegoba SeiniSneba. mkvlevaris azriT, ~338 wlis

Semdeg qarTvelTa mefes qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT gauWirdeboda.

maSasadame, im dros roca sparseTi qristianobas mfarvelobda da iberia

iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlebamde), gacilebiT ufro advili iyo

qristianobis miReba. marTlac, diubua de monpesie qarTlis moqcevis TariRad

976 wels miiCnevs~ (gv.65).

gv. 174-ze motanilia, Cans, ~qarTvlis cxovrebis cnoba imis Sesaxeb,

rogor gamogzavna konstantinem qarTlSi relikviebi - cxovelmyofeli jvris

nawili da ficari, romelzedac daWvaluli iyo uflis fexebi. episkoposma

uflis samsWvalni da ganZi eruSeTSi datova da wamovida, wundaSi man xuroebi

datova, eklesiis Seneba manglisSi daiwyo da iq uflis ficarni datova.

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~moqcevai qarTlisaSi~ piriqiT aris: eruSeTSi datoves ficarni, xolo

manglisSi – samsWvali. es cnoba, rogorc Cans, ufro sworia, yovel SemTxvevaSi

werilobiTi da zepiri tradicia samsWvals swored manglisis taZarTan

akavSirebs. gv. 176-ze avtori exeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli anbaniT

Caiwera ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi versia da arCevs kompromisul gzas. misi

varaudiT, salome ujarmelma an qarTuli an berZnuli an kidev arameuli

anbaniT isargebla. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom problema qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas

exeba, aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia.

gamokvlevis TiToeul monakveTs win uZRvis Sesabamisi wyaroebis

Sinaarsis gadmocema, romelic zogjer Seicavs anaqronizmebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi

sasurvelia gakeTdes SeniSvna, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis dros yivCaRebis

moxseniebis dros (gv. 186).

damajerebelia avtoris varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti vaxtangsa

da mTavarepiskoposs miqaels Soris socialur niadagze moxda. magram

gamokvlevebSi araferia naTqvami bizantiaSi gamocemuli henotikonis Sesaxeb an

imaze, moaxdina Tu ara aman raime gavlena qarTlis sasuliero orientaciaze.

ufro Rrma dasabuTebas moiTxovs, albaT, naSromSi gamoTqmuli varaudi,

rom herebis mSobliuri ena qarTuli enis erT-erTi dialeqti iyo, miTumetes,

rom aqve naTqvamia, rom hereTis ena daRestnur enebs enaTesaveboda (gv. 209).

qronologiur gamijvnas moiTxovs, albaT dakvirveba, rom aq

gavrcelebuli yofila iranuli da Turquli enebi. agreTve somxuric.

konteqstebidan naTeli ar aris, ras exeba cnoba – daRestans Tu hereTs. garda

amisa, dasazustebelia Turqulis sakiTxi, misi kvali kavkasiaSi SedarebiT gvian

Cndeba, magram am sakiTxze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa.

damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VIIs. damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos

~zRvispireTi uSualod bizantiis saxelmwifos SeuerTa, ris gamoc dasavleT

saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. konstantinepolis

sapatriarqom – miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, erTi mxriv, imas, rom elinizacia

swored herakles wlebs ukavSirdeba, rom berZnuli ena mis dros saxelmwifos

oficialuri ena xdeba, xolo, meore mxriv, eklesiis gavlenis zrdis

sazogadoebriv urTierTobaze. magram aqve motanilia cnoba, TiTqos qarTlis

mmarTvelma mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da keisars Txovna gaugzavna erovnuli

teritoriebis ukan dabrunebaze. magram ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro.

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gv. 235-ze avtori exeba 1045-49 ww. Tbilisis gadacemis sakiTxs qarTveli

mefisaTvis. misi azriT, Tbilisis mmarTveloba xelSi auRiaT Tbilisel berebs.

qarTvel sasuliero pirebs. qarTul istoriografiaSi araerTxel gamoiTqva

mosazreba am sakiTxze. miCneulia, rom Tbileli berni an igive Tbileli

uxucesni arian vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fena. gasaTvaliswinebelia, albaT, is

faqti, rom Tbilisi am dros muslimur dinastiis xelSia.

kavSiri saxelmwifosa da saeklesio mTavrobas Soris an eklesiisaTvis

imunitetis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs Teokratuli saxelmwifos Seqmnas.

marTalia, mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis dros ~Camoyalibda

Teokratulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240) asabuTebs, magram am azris

gaziareba misi argumentaciis gaTvaliswinebiT Znelia.

aqve gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom ruis-urbnisis krebaze eklesiam mefes

kaxeT-hereTi gadasca, amitomac uwodebs am krebis Zeglis wera mas ~ranTa da

kaxTa~ mefes. ufro logikuri iqneboda varaudi, rom kaxeTi-hereTis SemoerTeba

1103 w. win uswrebda ruis-urbnisis krebas.

erTgvari gazviadebaa da dasazustebelia 249-ze naTqvami, rom ~Tamari

ukve sruliad saqarTvelos mefe gaxda. es saqarTvelo ki faqtiurad mTel

kavkasias moicavda~.

gv. 252-253-ze mkvlevari xedavs erTgvar kavSirs aTabagobis institutis

SemoRebasa da saqarTvelos dasustebas Soris. saqarTvelos dasustebis

mizezebi am dros bevrad ufro Rrmaa.

araerTxel gvxvdeba aq termini aminspasalari, rac uzustobaa. unda iyos

amirspasalari romelic arabuli da sparsuli sityvebisagan Sedgeba – amir,

sipap, sardar.

monRolebis da qarTvelebis dazavebis TariRad miTiTebulia 1242 weli.

swori TariRia 1243 (gv. 262) tradiciisamebr, daviT laSas Ze ulud ixsenieba

(gv. 264), rac agreTve uzustobaa.

a.w. ~aswlovan matianeze~ dayrdnobiT mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom samcxis

mTavris ojaxi didad RmrTismoSiSi iyo, gasaocar pativs scemda samRvdeloebas,

saepiskoposoebs, monazvnebs (gv. 275). erTgvarad SeumCneveli darCa is faqti, rom

me-14 s. anonimi, romelic warmoSobiT samcxedan aris, separatistia, miuxedavad

imisa, rom kargi istorikosia. aqedan momdinareobs, sxvaTa Soris, misi

loialoba monRolebis mimarT, romelTac samcxes saqarTvelos mefisagan

12

damoukidebloba mianiWes, misi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba samefo ojaxis

mimarT, gansakuTrebiT demetre II-dmi, samcxis mTavarTa gaidealeba.

naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur-lengma Camoasaxla osebi

saqarTveloSi (gv. 271) amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro. ramdenadac viciT,

am cnobis wyaro ar arsebobs, Tumca Temur-lengis Semdeg migraciuli talRa

CrdiloeTidan marTlac mosalodnelia.

gv. 299-ze miTiTebulia iran-osmaleTis zavis TariRi – 1588. unda iyos 1590.

wignSi damajereblad aris axsnili, Tu ratom iyo saqarTveloSi

marTlmadidebloba ase miuRebeli dampyroblebisaTvis gvian Sua saukuneebSi.

axsnilia, Tu rogor iwvevda marTlmdideblobis dakargva, denacionalizacias

da zogierT SemTxvevaSi teritoriis dakargvasac. naCvenebia saqarTvelos

eklesiis roli erovnebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da sxva.

zedmiwevniT obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli urTierToba TurqeT-iranTan da

gansakuTrebiT ruseTTan. zedmetad mkacrad meCveneba mefe rostomis Sefaseba,

romelic qarTlSi 1633 wels gamefda da ara 1632 wels, rogorc es wignSia

miTiTebuli. avtoric marTalia, rodesac SeniSnavs, rom ~rostomis droidan

sparselTa TvalsazrisiT qarTli miiCneoda iranis qveSevrdom qveynad, rostomi

sparsel valad (da ara valad, rogorc es naSromSia), iranis Sahis moxeled~,

magram isic faqtia, rom qarTli da kaxeTi rostomis dros sparsTagan

dapyrobili qveyanaa, sadac gauqmebulia mefoba.

g. JorJoliani, romelic specialurad ikvlevs am xanas, aRniSnavs, rom

30-50-ian ww. mahmadianobas qarTlSi sakmaod aramyari mdgomareoba hqonda.

gamahmadianebuli mefe rostomi araviTar RonisZiebas ar mimarTavda meCeTebis

mSeneblobis mizniT. qveyanas SerCa sarwmunoeba da qarTuli enac. is, rom

rostomi sparsebis sasurvel politikas ar atarebda, gamoCnda imiTac, rom mas

CamoerTva kaxeTis gamgebloba.

mTlad obieqturad ar mimaCnia farsadan gorgijaniZis moRvaweobis

Sefasebac.

farsadan gorgijaniZes didi wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli kulturis

ganviTarebis saqmeSi. man monawileoba miiRo Sah-names qarTuli Sesabamis

gadawerasa Tu galeqsva-redaqtirebaSi. manve Seadgina qarTul-arabul-sparsuli

leqsikoni, qarTul enaze Targmna zogierTi aRmosavluri Txzuleba da, maT

13

Soris, ~tami-abasi – musulmanTa sasjulo wigni da kanoni~ da sxv. magram misi

ZiriTadi damsaxureba saqarTvelos istoriis Seqmnaa didi xnis intervalis Semdeg.

Semdeg farsadan gorgijaniZe iyo is pirveli istorikosi, romelmac iranSi,

qarTul enaze dawera saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi xanidan me-17 s.

dasasrulamde. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis ukanaskneli monakveTi –

me-16-17 ss. movlenebi, risTvisac man araerTi ucnobi, ZiriTadad sparsuli wyaroebi

gamoiyena da Seavso isini. TviTmxilvelTa cnobebiT da sakuTari TvaliT nanaxiT.

misi es Txzuleba safuZvlad daedo Semdgomi xanis qarTul saistorio Zeglebs.

Teimuraz II da erkle II-is damsaxurebaze saubrisas meti yuradReba unda

miqceoda, albT, saerTaSoriso viTarebas. nadirSahis droindeli sparseTi aRar

hgavda Sah-abasis Seqmnil da mis mier datovebul saxelmwifos. dapyrobili

avRanelebisagan da damarcxebuli TurqTagan is TviTon moiTxovda mokavSireebs.

swored mokavSireobisaTvis jildod mieRoT mama-Svils qristianuli wesiT

kurTxevis ufleba. Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT pirad damsaxurebasac. gv. 332-

ze naTqvamia, rom sparselebma RalatiT mokles giorgi XI. giorgi XI mokles

avRanelebma. amitom motanili winadadeba erTgvar dazustebas moiTxovs.

naSromSi sakmao adgili eTmoba qarTvelebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis

mizezebs. magram imis gamo, rom avtori Semdeg sxvadasxva argumentiT cdilobs

daamtkicos, rom kaTolikoba ar miuRiaT s.-s. orbelians an mag. anton

kaTolikoss da ar moyavs kaTolikobis miRebis arcerTi konkretuli magaliTi,

mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis grZnoba gauCndeba. naSromSi gakvriT ixsenieba

da vfiqrob, ufro metis Tqma SeiZleba me-18-19 ss. Seqmnili komisiebis

saqmianobaze, romelTac kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRdgena evalebodaT da sadac

qarTvelebis wvlili Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo.

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, wigni tevadia SinaarsiT, Zalze didia Tavisi

mniSvnelobiT da erT recenziaSi SeuZlebelia misi amomwuravi Sefaseba.

darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelos istorias da qarTuli eklesiis mkvlevarebi mas

araerTxel daubrundebian da ara marto ikamaTeben aq warmodgenil sakiTxebze,

aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi maT gaiziareben da gaiTvaliswineben.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe, raTa

mieniWos anania jafariZes istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

g. alasania

14

mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents

qalbaton giuli alasanias

uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents. istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtors, profesor giuli alasanias maRali SefasebisaTvis Cemi naSromisa,

rom ~igi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvlevaa da igi

qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs, romelic drodadro

aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad~. me arc movelodi Cemi mcire

Sromis aseT did Sefasebas. mTlianad veTamxmebi qalbaton giulis, rom Cems

warmodgenil disertacias gaaCnia ramdenime mizani:

1. daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes sarwmunoeba da ganamtkicos

mrevli am rwmenaSi;

2. gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynisa da eris Rirseuli

warsuli gamo;

3. aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi, am fonze

warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria, misi mniSvneloba eris warsulsa da awmyoSi.

qalbatoni giuli brZanebs, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia,

mesames igi, viTarca oponenti, ixilavs ufro detalurad.

1. qalbatoni giulis ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,

kerZod ki miuTiTebs sqolioebis ar arsebobis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT mogaxsenebT, rom radganac sadisertacio naSromi daibeWda

sapatriarqos mTavar beWvdiT organoSi, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendarSi

(1998), romelic ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da

morwmuneTaTvis, amitomac teqsti gasagebi da advilad sakiTxavi unda yofiliyo.

sqolios nacvlad wyaroebi da literatura miTiTebul iqna teqstSive imis

gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom am gamocemis TiTqmis paralelurad gamomcemloba

meranma dabeWda aRniSnuli naSromis vrceli, ufro srulyofili varianti or

tomad, romelSic wyaroebi da literatura mravlad aris miTiTebuli

sqolioebSi.

2. qalbatoni giulis TvalsazrisiT, marTalia, naSromSi gadmocemulia

periodizacia, magram periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani

principi. mis amosavals xan istoriuli movlena, xanac sakuTriv eklesiis

cxovrebaSi momxdari movlena warmoadgens. kerZod, daisva kiTxva, Tu ratom

15

aris miCneuli mijnad VI saukune, ratom miiCneva e.w. eklesiis oqros xanis

dasasrulad XIV saukunis damdegi, ratom ar aris gamoyofili calke 1917-21

wlebi.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT miviCnevT, rom VI saukune WeSmaritad

gardamtexi momentia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi. jer kidev adre simon

janaSia werda, rom ~VI saukune namdvilad istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~ (s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia

saqarTveloSi, I. gv.1). IV saukunis dasawyisis ambebis Semdeg simon janaSias VI

saukune umniSvnelovanes momentad miaCnda axali politikuri wyobis

gamarjvebis gamo. iranelTa xelSewyobiT ~moaklda mefoba SvilTa

gorgaslisaTa da miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa~ (sumbat

daviTis Ze).

saeklesio cxovrebaSic udidesi cvlileba moxda. saxelmwifoebrivi

mzrunvelobiT IV-V saukuneebSi ayvavebuli qarTuli eklesia mniSvnelovnad

daemcro VI s-Si, kerZod, iraneli dampyroblebi Seecadnen amierkavkasiis

eklesiaTa Soris hegemoni eklesiis roli mieniWebinaT somxuri eklesiisaTvis.

mizezi amisa iyo is, rom swored VI saukuneSi gamoikveTa somxuri eklesiis

midrekileba monofizituri sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic waxalisebuli iyo

iranis mier, rogorc antibizantiuri aRmsarebloba. amave dros qarTvelma

eklesiam daicva marTlmadidebloba da, miuxedavad iranelTa mxridan didi

devnisa, mxari dauWira qalkedonitobas, es TandaTan gamoikveTa VI saukunis Sua

wlebidan. amis gamo qarTuli eklesia iqca devnis obieqtad, dampyroblebi

Seecadnen misi iurisdiqciisa da gavlenis sazRvrebis Semcirebas monofizituri

dvinis sakaTalikosos sasargeblod, kerZod, hereTSi, romelic IV-V saukuneebSi

qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda qarTuli saeklesio eniT, VI

saukunis Semdeg dainerga monofizituri aRmsarebloba somxuri eniT, mxolod X

saukuneSi dinara dedoflis dros hereTi daubrunda deda-qarTul eklesias,

msgavsadve, VI saukunidan qvemo qarTlSi, romelsac gugarqsac uwodeben,

SeizRuda qarTuli saeklesio enis uflebebi, romlis nacvlad danerges

somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba, romlis amofxvrasac kirion kaTalikosi Seecada

VII saukunis dasawyisSi, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebis dros.

VI saukuneSi iranelTa mcdelobas ukvalod ar Cauvlia. Tbilisi

iranelTa iseT mZlavr dasayrdenad gadaiqca, rom misi aReba gauWirda herakle

16

keisars. herekles mier VIIs-Si ganxorcielebuli teritoriul-administraciuli

RonisZiebebi swored VI saukuneSi momxdari cvlilebebiT igi gamowveuli.

amitom VI saukunem Tavisi asaxva hpova saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis

periodizaciaSi.

3. rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis egreT wodebuli oqros xanis dasasrulis

mijnad XIV saukunis dasawyisis miCnevas periodizaciis dros, vupasuxebT:

marTalia, qveyana XIII saukunis 20-iani wlebidan ganicdida agresorTa

Tavdasxmebs, magram, amis miuxedavad, am dros, XIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia

kvlav YTavis siZlieris zenitSi idga, rac misi mTlianobiT gamoixateboda. XIV

saukunidan gamoikveTa is tendenciebi, ramac XV s. 70-ian wlebSi ganapiroba

antioqieli patriarqis miqaelis mier afxazeTis kaTalikosad ioakimes kurTxeva,

ramac, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis administraciuli mTlianoba Searyia.

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom amis miuxedavad afxazeTis sakaTalikoso

Zveleburadve darCa, viTarca qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTi umTavresi kera

tradiciuli qarTveli mrevliT, Zvel-qarTuli adaT-wesebiTa da wirva-locvis

qarTuli eniT.

am dros, ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT: ~gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi

sargeblobdnen saqarTveloSi antioqiel ierusalimeli mokalmase

mRvdelmTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~ (t. III,

1982, gv. 337), ramac gavlena iqonia saeklesio cxovrebaze.

4. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad svams kiTxvas, periodizaciis dros ratom

ar gamoiyo calke 1917-21 wlebi. 1917 weli, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani TariRia, magram rac Seexeba 1921 wels, mas

gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesis TavisTavadobaze. 1921 wels,

saqarTvelos okupaciis da aneqsiis Semdeg, bolSevikebma ver SeZles qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefalia TavisTavadobis gauqmeba. Aamis mizezi Semdegi iyo:

ruseTSi bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma

datova ruseTi da gadavida ucxoeTSi, iq gadaiqca e.w. emigrantul eklesiad.

aman ufleba misca ruseTis mTavrobas, didxans, 1943 wlamde ar ecno ruseTis

saeklesio mmarTveloba, saqarTveloSi ki sxvagvari viTareba iyo. saqarTvelos

kaTalikos-patriarqma da wminda sinodma 1921 wels okupaciis dros ar miatova

Tavisi samwyso-qarTveli xalxi da ar gadavida ucxoeTSi, ufro metic, imis

Semdeg rac kaTalikos-patriarqma wminda ambrosi xelaiam 1922 wlis dasawyisSi

17

mimarTa genuis konferencias, bolSevikebma veRar gabedes saqarTvelos eklesiis

xelaRebiT daSla da misi gauqmebulad gamocxadeba, Tumca didi survili

hqondaT. aRniSnulis gamo 1921 wels ar momxdara cvlileba saeklesio

struqturisa da igi ar aisaxa saqarTvelos istoriis periodizaciaSi.

5. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom xelovnur STabeWdilebas

tovebs istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da saeklesio avtorebad. radganac

adreul saukuneebSi erTnic da meorenic sasuliero pirebi iyvnen.

SesaZlebelia, rom adreul saukuneebSi yvela istorikosi ar iyo

sasuliero piri, magaliTad, araviTari miTiTeba ara gvaqvs, rom juanSeri

sasuliero piri yofiliyos.

6. pativcemuli oponentis azriT, erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa Cems

mier Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad basili ezosmoZRvris miCneva.

basili ezosmoZRvari miCneulia Tamaris erT-erT istorikosad iseT

oficialur gamocemaSi, rogoricaa qarTuli enciklopedia, Tumca aRniSnul

sakiTxebSi veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents.

7. qalbatoni giulis Semdegi SeniSvna Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis

avtokefaliis sakiTxs. mociqulTa mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar

unda yofiliyo is, avtokefalurad miiCneva sazogadod eklesiis istorikosTa

mier. magaliTad, SeiZleba davasaxeloT saeklesio kanonebis cnobili mkvlevari

profesori trocki. Tu Cven gvjera saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweoba da maT

mier eklesiis organizeba, maSin misTvis ar unda daviwyoT sadme ucxoeTSi

saeklesio centris Zieba, radganac pirvelsaukuneTa saeklesio praqtikis

Sesabamisad pirveli eklesiebi marTlac avtokefaliebi iyvnen.

saerTod, avtokefaliis Sesaxeb I aTaswleulSi bizantiis imperiaSi

arsebobda Tvalsazrisi, rom avtokefalurad unda CaTvliliyo mxolod da

mxolod is eklesia, romelic mociqulis mier iyo daarsebuli. am

Tvalsazrisma Tavisi asaxva hpova giorgi mTawmindelis cnobil pasuxebSi

antioqiis patriarqTa mimarT 1056-1057 wlebSi. ucxoeli patriarqebi

saqarTvelos avtokefalias eWvqveS ayenebdnen swored im mizeziT, rom

saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls. Ggiorgi mTawmindelma

werilobiTi wyaros moSveliebiT daamtkica, rom mociqulebma namdvilad

iqadages saqarTveloSi, es ki ukve TavisTavad niSnavda qarTuli eklesiis

avtokefaluri arsebobis ueWvelobas: giorgi mTawmindeli paeqrobidan

18

gamarjvebuli gamovida, radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daukavSira

saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier eklesiis dafuZnebas. iqve man ueWvelad

daasabuTa, rom Semdgomac, magaliTad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia ara

marto avtokefaluri iyo, aramed guTeTis episkopos ioanesac ki daasxa xeli

misma meTaurma.

pativcemuli oponenti brZanebs, rom arsebobs XII saukunis avtoris cnoba,

TiTqosda 1143 wlisaTvis helespontos amisiis saepiskoposo iyo iberia, rac,

cxadia, eWvqveS ayenebs Cveni eklesiis avtokefalias. uTvalavi dokumenti da

wyaro arsebobs XII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnuli cnoba ar unda davukavSiroT saqarTvelos eklesias. jer kidev

kaTalikos-patriarqi kirion II msgavs cnobebs ukavSirebda iberiis Tems,

romelic arsebobda bizantiis imperiaSi. rogorc cnobilia, iberiis Temi, anu

iberiis sakatepano Seiqmna keisar basili II-is dros, masSi qarTul miwebTan

erTad Siraqis samefoc moeqca qalaq anisiT. am iberiis TemSi samwyso, Cans,

dayofili iyo sxvadasxva iurisdiqciis mixedviT. TviT anisSic qarTuli

episkoposi ijda, iberiis TemSi qarTulTan erTad, cxadia, arsebobda somxuri

saepiskoposoebic, cxadia iyo berZnuli saepiskoposoebic. unda vifiqroT, rom

XII saukunis aRniSnuli cnoba Seexeba iberiis Temis im berZnul saepiskoposos,

romelic helespontos amasias eqvemdebareboda.

rac Seexeba cnobas 381 wlis II msoflio krebis aqtebSi amasias pontos

eparqiis warmomadgenlis iberiis episkopos pantofiles Sesaxeb, unda iTqvas,

rom radganac qarTulma wyaroebma ar icis aseTi saxelis mqone episkoposi, igi

ar unda yofiliyo qarTlis episkoposi, Tumca veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,

rom am mxriv kvleva unda gagrZeldes.

8. qalbatoni giuli eris Cemeul SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT brZanebs, rom

Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb.

pirvelsaukuneTa ganxilvis dros sityva ~erSi~ me ar vgulisxmob eris

Tanamedrove gagebas, aramed Cemi TvalsazrisiT, esaa xalxi, romelsac ukve

sakuTari qarTvelobis TviTSegneba aqvs.

farnavazis droindeli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli TviTSegneba

mematianis TvalsazrisiT imdenad mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli, rom egrisis

mmarTveli quji ucxadebs mcxeTeli mamasaxlisis memkvidre farnavazs - ~Sen xar

Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufali~.

19

anda kidev ufro meti – quji ambobs - ~gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin

ganixaron yovelTa qarTvelTa~. Eegrisis erisTavis azriT, TviTon igi masTan

erTad egriselebic ~yovelTa qarTvelTa~ erTi nawilia. Mmsgavsi Sexedulebaa

daculi vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSic. Aam mefis siymawvilisas berZnebma mis

samefos CamoaWres teritoria egriswylidan vidre cixe-gojamde. Eegrisis am

teritoriis dakargvas, mematianes sityviT, iglovebda ~yoveli qarTveli~.

avtori wers: ~berZenTa daipyres egriswyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde, maSin iqmna

glova da wuxili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodes: ~ganmavravleT codva RvTisa

mimarT... migvcna Cven wartyvevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari

berZenTagan... ese... iqmna... erisa codvaTagan... winamRvrebiTa jvarisaTa ... viZioT

Cven Suri... vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan~ (q.c. I, gv 146), amnairad

aSkaraa, rom egriselebs TavianTi Tavi qarTvelebad miaCniaT, egrisis erTi

nawilis dakargvas mTeli qarTveli xalxi ganicdis V saukunis dasawyisSi da

miiCnevs, rom am teritoriis dakargva moxda ~eris codvaTa~ gamo. romel xalxs

gulisxmobs mematiane mis mier moxmobil sityvaTa ~erSi?~ cxadia, mTel

qarTvel xalxs, maT Soris egriselebs upirvelesad, romelnic ~warityvevna

ucxo naTesavTa mier~. Aaqedan Cans, rom mematianis azriT V saukuneSi

egrisiTgan vidre somxeT-albaneTamde mcxovreb xalxs hqonda Tavisi

qarTvelobis erovnuli TviTSegneba.

msgavsi suraTi aqvs daxatuli arsen bersac, wminda ninos cxovrebis

erTerT redaqtors. Mmisi cnoba, romelic, cxadia, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~

eyrdnoba, aseTia: arian - qarTlidan Camosaxlebuli xalxi ara marto

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gansaxlda, aramed dasavleT saqarTveloSic,

egrisSic. arsenis azriT, qveynis orive nawilSi erTi xalxi cxovrobs. maT

aerTianebT ara marto eTnikuri erTianoba, aramed enobrivic. arseni wers: ~Cven,

qarTvelebi, Svilni varT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~ (Zv.

qarT agiogr. lit. Zegl. III, gv. 47). esaa ena xalxisa, romelic egriswylidan

albaneTamde damkvidrda.

cxadia, Cven SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT arsen bers ~arian qarTlidan~

qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria

Zveli qarTveli meistories Tvalsazrisi, rom egriswylidan albaneT-

somxeTamde cxovrobs erTi xalxi, erTi saerTo saxalxo, saliteraturo,

saxelmwifo saeklesio eniT.

20

9. qalbatoni giulis Semdegi SeniSvna Seexeba werilobiT da zepir

tradicias qristes samsWvalTa manglisis taZarSi dacvis Sesaxeb. am SeniSvnas

mTlianad viziareb, magram, albaT, wyaroTa cnobebis sxvadasxvaoba ferxTa

ficrisa da samsWvalTa adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb gamowveulia imiT, rom es

siwmindeebi VII saukuneSi herakle keisarma gaitana saqarTvelodan. mematiane

wers - ~erekle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da eruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da

samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni, romeli mocemul iyvnes

konstantinesagan mirianisada~ (q.c. I, gv. 228), Semdgom saukuneebSi qarTvelebma

daibrunes es siwmindeebi, da Cans, amis Semdeg manglisSi daasvenes ~samsWvalni

uflisani~, rogorc samarTlianadac SeniSnavs qalbatoni giuli, Tumca sxva

cnobebiT aq ~ferxTa ficarni~ esvena.

10. pativcemuli oponenti Cemi mosazrebis Sesaxeb, rom wmida ninos naambobis

Cawerisas salome ujarmels unda esargebla ~an qarTuli, an berZnuli an kidev

arabuli anbaniT~ - wers, ~aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia~.

es sakiTxi me vrclad maqvs ganxiluli Cemi eklesiis istoriis I tomSi,

saeklesio tradicia mxars uWers qarTuli mwignobrobis farnavazis epoqaSi

Camoyalibebis Teorias, rac, cxadia, anbansac Seexeba. safiqrebelia, rom,

rogorc Teimuraz batoniSvili wers, qurumTawreSi dafarulad arsebuli anbani

qristianobis sarwmunoebad aRiarebis Semdeg reformirebul iqna da igi

gamoiyenes qarTuli eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis.

11. qalbatoni giuli marTalia, roca brZanebs, rom wyaroTa Sinaars zogjer

gadmovcem mTlianad, SeniSvnebis gareSe, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels gavacno

saistorio Txzulebis erTiani Sinaarsi, magram momdevno paragrafSi wyaroebSi

arsebuli anaqronizmebis Sesaxeb gamovTqvam kritikul SeniSvnebs.

12. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VII s.

damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos ~zRvispireTi uSualoT SeuerTa bizantiis

saxelmwifos, ris gamoc dasavleT saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio

iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinepolis sapatriarqom, Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom elinizacia swored herakles ukavSirdeba~. es Sefaseba

CemTvis gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia, radganac am faqtis aRiarebiT advilad

SeiZleba gavigoT suraTi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRdgenisa am

aneqsirebul zRvispira teritoriaze VIII-X saukuneebSi. mematiane VII saukunis

procesebis aRweris dros erTad moixseniebs rogorc am teritoriis aneqsias,

21

ise aRniSnuli siwmindeebis gatacebas herakle keisris mier, maT erTi wyaro

aqvT, amitomac erTad movixseniebT.

13. pativcemuli oponentis mosazrebiT 1045-49 wlebSi Tbilisis qarTveli

mefisaTvis gadacemisas naxsenebi ~Tbileli berebi~ arian ara sasuliero pirebi,

aramed vaWar-xelosanTa fena.

pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom es Cemi kvlevis areali ar aris. me

veyrdnobi profesor prokofi ratianis mosazrebas, romelic damajereblad

meCvena. moviyvan giorgi III-is dros sadao qalaq anisisaTvis brZolis magaliTs.

anisis sasuliero wodeba da episkoposi momxre iyvnen imisa, rom qalaqi

gadacemoda qarTvel mefes. Aamitom giorgi III-m didi TanxiT gamoisyida

episkoposis Zma tyveobidan, Semdeg ki igi anisis amirad daniSna (1174-75). Cven

SesaZleblad migvaCnia, rom anisel sasuliero pirTa msgavsad Tbilel

sasuliero pirebsac SeeZloT sadavo dedaqalaqi mefisaTvis gadaecaT.

14. qalbatoni giuli brZanebs: ~mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis

dros ~Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ asabuTebs,

magram am azris gaziareba misi argumentaciiT Znelia.

cxadia me ar vamtkiceb, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis dros qarTuli

saxelmwifo Teokratiuli saxisa iyo, magram zogierTi mkvlevaris

TvalsazrisiT qarTul eklesias gaaCnda garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebi.

ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~saqarTvelos eklesias, iseve rogorc romis eklesias

saxelmwifo, cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani

hqonda mopovebuli da miniWebuli, romelTa wyalobiTac mas marto wminda

saeklesio dawesebulebis xasiaTi ki ar hqonda, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi

sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebic moepoveboda~ (t. VI, 1982, gv.67).

albaT, iman, rom qarTul eklesias saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da

erTeulis Tvisebebi moepoveboda, qarTul saxelmwifoebriv sistemas misca

Taviseburi xasiaTi. daviT aRmaSenebelma ZiriTadi saxelmwifo uwyebani

(saSinao, finansTa, samxedro) uSualod Caabara eklesiis ierarqs vazirs

Wyondidel episkoposs, mwignobarTuxucess ekava umaRlesi sasamarTlo-saajo

kari. ivane javaxiSvili wers - ~Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi da vazirTa

upirvelesi faqtiurad mefis moadgile da saxelmwifos mTeli marTva gamgeobis

namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac ~karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki

uwodebs~ (t. VII, 1984, gv. 113). Semdgom moxda ise, rom Tamaris mefobis

22

dasawyisSi kaTalikosma miqaelma Tavis xelSi aiRo zemoT aRniSnuli

Tanamdebobani – Wyondidel-mwignobaruxucesoba. amis gamo igi, niko

berZeniSvilis sityviT, ~faqtiuri gamge unda gamxdariyo samefosi~ (n. berZen.

t. IX, 1979, gv. 198). aman ki Searyia mefis uflebani. ivane javaxiSvili

ganagrZobs: ~miqaels, viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros

vazirTa upirveless, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis

daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan TviT

mefezec ki Zala da xelisuflba eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo da

saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba

saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas

moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaropapizms udrida da

romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~ (t.VII, gv. 115)

aseT viTarebaSi ki safuZveli Caeyara eklesiis ierarqebis saxelmwifo

sistemis meTaurebad gadaqcevis Semdeg, rac daviTis dros moxda. amitomac

vwerdiT, rom Camoyalibda ara Teokratiuli, aramed masTan mimsgavsebuli

saxelmwifoebrivi sistema. unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli

iyo cezaropapizmi, amitomac miqael kaTalikosis aRniSnuli mtaceblobis

Sesakaveblad Tamaris dros moiwvies sagangbo saeklesio kreba, romelmac dagmo

miqaelis qmedeba, magram misTvis saxeloebis CamorTmeva ver SeZlo.

15. aTabagobis institutTan dakavSirebiT veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,

rom saqarTvelos dasustebis mizezebi bevrad Rrma iyo. maT Soris, albaT,

erTerTi iyo aTabagis saxelos SemoReba, XII s. Sua wlebidan aSkarad

gamoikveTa maTi separatistuli tendenciebi.

16. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur lengma

Camoasaxla osebi saqarTveloSi~, amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro,

ramdenadac viciT. am cnobis wyaro arc arsebobs~.

pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, is

teritoria, romelsac Semdgom CerqezeTi ewoda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli

yofila osebiT, maT Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers: ~Semdgomad lang-Temurisa emZlvren

ovsTa iqiT TaTarxani da aqeT langTemuris elni mahmadianni da ovsni

Semoiltvodnen kavkasiasa Sina da daipyres kavkasTa naTesavni, romel arian

dualni~ (q.c. IV, gv.655).

23

maSasadame, istorikosis sityviT, osebis ZiriTadi nakadi dvaleTSi Sevida

Temur-lengis Semdgom Crdilokavkasiis baridan maTi gaZevebis Sedegad. dvaleTi

ki mudamJams saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nawili iyo. vaxuStis sityviT, osebma

SeZles damorCilebuli dvalebis gaoseba, Semdgom gaosebuli dvalebi TandaTan

qarTlis mTianeTsa da barSic damkvidrdnen. dvaleTi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan

erTad SeierTa ruseTis imperiam da amitom dvaleTi e.w. nar-mamisonis qvabuli

XIX s.-Sic ki Tbilisis guberniis nawils Seadgenda. mxolod am saukunis 50-ian

wlebSi CamoaSores igi Tbilisis gubernias. amitomac osebis dvaleTSi

Casaxleba unda CaiTvalos maT saqarTveloSi Casaxlebad, romelic Temur-

lengis Semdeg momxdara vaxuStis sityviT.

17. Semdgomi SeniSvna pativcemuli oponentisa Seexeba rostom mefis

Sefasebis sakiTxs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom rostom mefis dros qarTli ekonomikurad da

kulturulad gaZlierda, qveyana damSvidda, magram miuxedavad amisa,

saqarTvelos eklesia rostomis moRvaweobas uaryofiTad afasebda Semdegi

mizezebis gamo. man xeli Seaxo saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis evdemoz

diasamiZes, Seipyro, cixeSi daaxrCobina da Semdeg cixis koSkidan

gadmoagdebina. es gaugonari ambavi iyo qarTvelTaTvis. kaTalikosi evdemosi

qarTuli eklesiis wmindania Tavdadebuli sarwmunoebis gamo. ufro adre meore

kaTalikoss, cnobil moRvawes, zaqarias, rostomma aseve daatovebina

sakaTalikoso taxti. magram kidev ufro xazgasasmeli momentia is, rom

saxelmwifoSi mTavari, upiratesi eklesiis adgili, romelic Cvens eklesias

eWira meoTxe saukunidan – anulirebul iqna rostomis dros. rostomma gaauqma

qarTuli eklesiis upiratesoba saqarTveloSi arsebul sxva araerovnul

eklesiebTan SedarebiT. rostomma pirvelad aTaswleulis Semdeg daamcro

saqarTvelos eklesia, uflebrivad igi gauTanabra sxva, ukve momZlavrebul

eklesiebs. rostomis politika aqac kompromisuli iyo, oRond qarTuli

eklesiis uflebaTa sazianod. igi, viTarca iraneli moxele, valdebuli iyo

mzrunveloba gamoeCina somxuri eklesiis mimarT, loialuri yofiliyo romis

eklesiis warmomadgenelTa mimarTac da, amasTanave, rogorc qarTveli mefe

valdebuli iyo mzrunveloba gamoemJRavnebina qarTuli eklesiis mimarTac

(mcxeTis taZris gumbaTis ageba, sionis restavracia), magram mis dros daikarga

eklesiis mTavari ufleba, qarTuli eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabrda sxva

24

araqarTul eklesiebs da man dakarga qveyanaSi umTavresi da upirvelesi

eklesiis adgili.

amasTanave, mematianis sityviT, rostomis dros miiRo tyveTa syidvam ukve

Camoyalibebuli saxe. kerZod, Tu ki iqamde, mahmadianTa moTxovniT qarTveli

mefeebi maT xarkis saxiT ugzavnidnen araqarTul tyveebs, axla rostomma

tyveebad ~gamoiyvana qarTvelTa glexTa, aznaurTa, didebulTa asulni da Zeni

da mas gaugzavnida, amieridan daidva ese da yovlni mefeni saqarTvelosani

esreT hyofden, vidre modReindel dRemde~ (q.c. II. gv. 425). mematianis sityviT,

rostomis dros ~mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi eklesiisa, rameTu arRa

eZieben suliersa, aramed xorcTaTvis zrunvidnen yovelnive~ (gv. 425). Seicvala

erovnuli wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi: ~mas Jamsa iwyo qarTlis wesman da

rigman gardacvaleba~ (gv. 424). mis dros ~gaZlierdnen TaTarni da kadnierebdnen

qarTvelTa zeda~.

ra Tqma unda, didad dasafasebelma da qveynisaTvis sasargeblo

ekonomikurma aRmavlobam moiTxova vaWar-xelosanTa ricxvis mkveTri gazrda.

imdroindeli viTarebis Sesabamisad es fena somxur-monofizituri

aRmsareblobisa unda yofiliyo. qarTvelTa eklesiis uflebaTa SekvecasTan

erTad, albaT, aRniSnulic iyo erTerTi mizezi, imisa, rom TviTmxilvelis

TqmiT, rostomis dros yoveldRiurad mravali qarTveli iRebda monofizitur

sarwmunoebas.

swored ase ganacxada qarTvelma episkoposma nikoloz ColoyaSvilma

rostomis karze sasamarTlo procesis dros, kerZod, man brZana: ~yoveldRe

Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~ (m. TamaraSvili,

istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 127). vaxuStis istoriis arsebuli 1908 wlis erTi

CanarTis mixedviT am dros Tbilisis mmarTveloba CamoerTva qarTvel SoiS

baraTaSvils da gadaeca somex baadur Tumanians (q.c. IV. gv. 445).

marTalia, es ukanasknelic eTnikuri warmoSobiT qarTveli unda

yofiliyo da mxolod aRmsareblobiT ~somexi~, magram am momentis Semdeg

TbilisSi somxuri eklesiis mrevli Zalze gaizarda, cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis

sazaralod. rac Seexeba meCeTebis mSeneblobas, mematianes sityviT, meCeTebi

auSenebiaT rostomis dros Tbilisis cixeSi, meore augiaT xevis gamoRma, erTic

samefo sasaxleSi da agreTve qalaqis mTavar baRSi. Tumca, albaT, cxadia,

pativiscemas imsaxurebs rostomis moRvaweoba qveynis dasamSvideblad.

25

18. mTlianad veTanxmebi qalbaton giulis Sefasebas farsadan gorgijaniZis

didi Rvawlis Sesaxeb. me misi moxsenieba damWirda mxolod epoqis suraTis

dasaxatavad da gavimeore ivane javaxiSvilis sityvebi mis Sesaxeb: ~swored

ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi imdroindel

saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa ricxvs ekuTvnoda rostom mefis

maxlobeli kaci, istorikosi farsadan gorgijaniZe, maxinjaT hqoniaT

dazepirebuli... vaxtang gorgasali mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi

Secdoma ar aris, avtori sruliad darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe

vaxtang gorgasalis mama iyo. aseT maRalxarisxovan da mefis maxlobel

moxeles da istorikoss, rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT

hqonia areuli samSoblo qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali... maSin danarCens

xalxs Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis patrons, raRa warmodgena

unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia araferi (t. VIII, gv. 289).

rogorc aRvniSne, aRniSnulis gadmocema mesaWiroeboda im fonis

dasaxatad, romelzec ufro gamoCndeboda rostomis momdevno qarTlis

mmarTvel muxranel bagrationTa didi mamuliSviloba da samecniero muSaoba,

me vgulisxmob giorgi XI-s, arCil mefes, vaxtang VI-s, anton kaTalikoss,

vaxuStisa da am saxelovani ojaxis sxva wevrebs, am ojaxTan daaxloebul pirTa

gasaocar mamuliSvilobasa, Rvawlsa da codnas, romelTa wreSic warmoiSva

idea saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~.

sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom mTlianad viziareb qalbaton giulis im

SeniSvnebs, romelTac amJamad ar vpasuxob, gansakuTrebiT ki mosazrebebs

TariRebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu xelmeored gamoicema aRniSnuli wigni aRniSnuli

SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi ufro daxvewil saxes miiRebs.

uRrmesad vmadlob da vlocav Zvirfas qalbaton giulis im didi

SromisaTvis, romelic gawia Cemi naSromis gansaxilvelad. gmadlobT.

26

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII_XVIII ss.)~

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda sinodis wevri, walka-manglisis

eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali monografiis

avtoria. mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawesa da saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis

mkvlevars, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli da samecniero sazogadoeba.

anania jafariZis mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

naSromi mis mier Sesrulebuli uzarmazari gamokvlevis (romlis ori tomi

gamoqveynda 1996, 1998 wlebSi) mokle variantia. amTaviTve minda aRvniSno, rom

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili naSromi, Sinaarsis mravalferovnebiT, ganxilul sakiTxTa

nusxiT, rac mTavaria moculobiT (igi 320 nabeWd gverds moicavs), bevrad

aRemateba saatestacio debulebiT sakandidato xarisxis mosapoveblad

gaTvaliswinebuli naSromis raodenobas. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

istoriis aseTi vrceli da yovlismomcveli gamokvleva qarTul

istoriografiaSi pirvelad Seiqmna da am metad saintereso naSromis avtori,

rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi arian kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is tradicia,

roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli monografiebis

avtorebad gvevlinebodnen. sakvalifikacio naSromi mravalricxovan saistorio

wyarosa da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa Sesrulebuli. masSi

dasmuli da ganxiluli sakiTxebi meufe ananias saqarTvelos istoriis

Semadgenel nawilebad miaCnia. rogorc igi wers: ~qarTveli eris istorias ver

gaviziarebT qarTuli eklesiis monawileobis gareSe da piriqiT, istoria

qarTuli eklesiisa aris istoria qarTveli qristiani erisa.

marTalia, - dasZens meufe anania, - qarTvel xalxs erovnuli erTianobis

Segneba ukve qristianobamde didi xniT adre hqonda, magram imis Semdeg, rac

yovelma qarTvelma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo da Seiyvara, eris istoria

qarTuli eklesiis gareSe warmoudgenelia~ (gv. 287).

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, rogorc cnobilia,

interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda, aRaraa is

27

viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar

CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs an monografiaTa calkeul Tavebs,

romelTa avtorebi arian: iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, b. lominaZe, z. aleqsiZe

da sxvani, sabWoebis samocdaaTwliani diqtaturis xanaSi qarTuli eklesiis

istoriis Sesaxeb arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula. warmodgenili

sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli saukuneebidan dRemde.

masSi dasmuli da gaanalizebuli sakiTxebi saTanado donezea Sesrulebuli.

ase, rom naSromis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza. avtori

Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul

da ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs saTanado kritikuli

analizisa da konkretul sakiTxTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi

gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

mier kvlevisas miRebuli araerTi daskvna originaluri da sayuradReboa.

yovelive aRniSnuli disertantis mecnierul alRoze da kvlevis unarze

migviTiTebs. Cvens winaSea gamobrZmedili istorikosi-mkvlevari, romelsac

xelewifeba saqarTvelos eklesiis araerTi rTuli sakiTxi axleburad

warmoaCinos.

qarTuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli

saxelmwifoebrivobis istoriis nawilia da sadisertacio naSromSi

saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro

kavSirSi da mis fonzea gamocemuli. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis

erT-erT Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos. adreqristianuli xanidan moyolebuli

dRemde araa darCenili, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac disertants Tavisi

Tvalsazrisi ara hqondes gamoTqmuli, kvlevis mizani da amocana meufe ananias

ase aqvs gansazRvruli: I. saqarTvelos eklesia warmoadgens msoflio

(sayovelTao) eklesiis ganuyofel nawils, amitom misi istoria msoflio

eklesiis istoriasTan kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT. II. miuxedavad imisa, rom

qristianuli eklesiis istoria saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis,

igi saero mecnierebacaa, amitom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria qarTveli eris

istoriis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. III. saero istoriisagan gansxvavebiT

28

eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens.

eklesiis istorikoss evaleba Sekribos saWiro faqtebi da istoriuli

monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos

nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri

qronologiuri TanmidevrobiT gadmosces (gv. 107-108).

dRemde, rogorc cnobilia, ar iyo Seqmnili saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoria uZvelesi xanidan Cvens dromde, amitom, cxadia, misi periodizaciiT arc

aravin dainteresebula. sadisertacio naSromSi am mxriv pirveli nabijia

gadadgmuli. meufe ananias Tanaxmad, msoflio eklesiis msgavsad qarTuli

eklesiis istoriac sam – Zvel, Sua da axal periodebad unda daiyos. pirveli

periodi moicavs xanas I saukunidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde. Sua periodi XI s. 80-

iani wlebidan XVIII s. bolomde da axali xana XIX s. 10-iani wlebidan dRemde

(gv. 110). TiToeuli periodi, Tavis mxriv, ramdenime qveetapadaa dayofili (gv.

110-113) da disertaciaSi Txroba am periodebis mixedviTaa gadmocemuli (gv. 114

da Semdeg).

axla rac Seexeba naSromis Sinaarss. disertaciis paragrafi ~qarTveli

xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad~ (gv. 159-161) kargi magaliTia imisa,

bibliuri cnobebi rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT saqarTvelos uZvelesi, kerZod,

amierkavkasiasa da wina aziaSi skviTebisa da kimerielebis laSqrobis

Tanadrouli istoriis aRsadgenad. rogorc meufe anania wers, ~Zveli aRTqma

udidesi winaswarmetyvelis ezekielis piriT gamoTqmuli uflis sityva

qarTvelTa winaprebisac – Tubals, meSeqsa da Togormasac Seexo~.

Zvel ebraelTa erT-erTi winaswarmetyveli ezekieli, rogorc cnobilia,

nabuqodonosor meorem (604-562) 586 wels ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg mraval

ebraelTan erTad babilonSi gadaasaxla. mis winaswarmetyvelebaSi miTiTebulia

momavalSi iudevelTa mtrebis damarcxebis Sesaxeb (qse, t.4, st. ezekieli. avt.

mz. SaniZe). meufe ananias Tanaxmad, romelnic israelze laSqrobis gamo

daisajnen (gv. 139).

CrdiloeTis tomebis laSqrobis Sesaxeb ieremia winaswarmetyvelic wers:

~aha movuxmob CrdiloeTis yvela toms, ambobs ufali, da avamxedreb am

qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze (ieremia, 25,9).

am laSqrobisaTvis, rogorc winaswarmetyvelebi werdnen, yvela rom

daisajon, maT Soris qarTvelTa is winaprebi, romlebic samxreTSi cxovrobdnen

29

meufe ananias Tanaxmad, evsevi kesarielis im cnobidan, romelSic moTxrobilia

nabuqodonosoris mier iberielTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis

Sesaxeb (gv. 141).

Zv. w. VIII s. 30-ian wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, meotidis gziT Semosulma

skviTebma da kimerielebma jer kolxeTis samefo gaanadgures, Semdeg ki wina

aziiis saxelmwifoebs didi ziani miayenes. maTi laSqrobis damangreveli Zala

sul ufro da ufro didi xdeboda, radgan gzadagza damarcxebul xalxebs m.S.

qarTvelTa winaprebsac ierTebdnen. amis Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografiaSi

miTiTebuli iyo (g. meliqiSvilis saq. ist. nark. I, gv. 394), magram bibliaze

dayrdnobiT meufe ananiam es pirvelma gaakeTa. kimerielTa laSqrobaSi

qarTvelTa winaprebic rom monawileobdnen, amis dasturad meufe ananias

motanili aqvs winaswarmetyvel ezekielis sityvebi: ~uTxari, ase ambobda ufali

RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubilis mTavari! gagabruneb da

ybaSi Cangals amogdeb. Togoris saxls CrdiloeTis kideebidan mTeli Tavisi

urdoTi, uricxvi xalxurT SenTan erTad (32,96).

am cnobis Semdeg meufe ananias moaqvs Teodorite kvirilis ganmarteba

~georgikidan~ (t.I, gv. 223), rom ~gog da magog skviTuri tomebia, xolo mosox,

amboben kapadokulebi ariano, Tobil ki iberielebio da winaswarmetyveli

ambobs, isini skviTebTan erTad laSqrobdnen... iZulebuli gaxdes monawileoba

mieRoT omSi~.

meufe ananias mier Teodorites cnobis saTanado bibliur monacemebze

dayrdnobiT gamoyenebam axali niuansi SesZina Zv. w. VIII s.

bibliaSi kargadaa asaxuli kimerielTa laSqrobebSi qarTvelTa

winaprebis Tobalebisa da muSqebis monawileoba.

sadisertacio naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos mociqulTa

droindeli saqarTvelos istoriis gadmocema. rasac am bolo xanebamde

yuradReba ar eqceoda. I-II siebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze mociqulTa

mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masala, mas Semdeg

rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis qarTlSi Semosvla

uaryo (im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma avrelio palmierim ar

gaiziara), ase, siRrmiT aravis ukvlevia. ax. w. I-II s-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis

es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda,

yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis

30

kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki saTanado

gaanalizebis Semdeg qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnas Cayenebuli.

swored am mxriv miudga meufe anania saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis

sakiTxs.

saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis Sesaxeb, garda imisa, rom

debejiTebiT miuTiTebs qarTuli werilobiTi saistorio tradicia, am faqtis

Sesaxeb garkveuli miTiTebebia Zvel berZen da laTin avtorebTan. amitom kargia,

rom sadisertacio naSromSi es sakiTxi farTod da amomwuravadaa

warmodgenili. detaluradaa gaangariSebuli saqarTveloSi mociqulTa

Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali (gv. 148-153).

unda aRvniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxs me

eWviT vuyurebdi, magram ar SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo meufe ananias mosazrebas,

saqarTveloTi mociqulTa dainteresebas I-II s-ebSi qarTlis samefos siZlieres

rom unda ganepirobebina. meufe anania aCvenebs, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi (I s. 30-

iani wlebidan II s. 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT) saqarTvelo sididiTa da simZlariT

daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris saqarTvelos Seedreboda (gv. 148-149). swored

aRniSnulis gamo iyoo ~romaeli istorikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi

siamovnebiT rom UuTmobdnen TavianT TxzulebebSi adgils iberiis sisxlsavse

cxovrebis aRweras, xolo Sua saukuneTa evropelebi antikuri drois iberias

ukeT rom cnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos~ (gv. 148).

ikvlevs ra istoriuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze mociqulTa Semosvlis

sakiTxs, meufe anania askvnis: istorikosTa cnobebi gvidastureben, rom

sxvadasxva dros saqarTveloSi uqadagiaT mociqulebs: andrias, svimons,

mataTas, barTlomes, Tomas da Tadeozs (gv. 153). Semdeg iqve daaskvnis: ~Tormet

mociqulTagan eqvsi mociqulis saqarTveloSi qadageba gasaocrad ar

mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom iberiis saxelmwifo mociqulTa dros mTel

kavkasias da mcire aziis provinciebs moicavda... mcire azia ki qarTvelebiT iyo

dasaxlebulio~ (gv. 153).

marTlac, im vrcel teritorias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sadac Zvelad

qarTveluri modgmis tomebi iyvnen gansaxlebulni, SeiZleba meufe ananias

mtkicebaSi eWvi ar Segveparos. magaliTad, andria pirvelwodebuli sulac rom

ar Semosuliyo sakuTriv qarTlis teritoriaze, misi trapizonSi yofna da

qadageba (gv. 152), meore mxriv ki Zvel wyaroebSi trapizonis ~megrelTa

31

soflad~ da ~megrelTa qveynad~ moxsenieba, srul safuZvels gvaZlevs, andria

qarTvelTa erT-erT ganmanaTleblad miviCnioT. albaT, ase unda mivudgeT sxva

mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxsac. aRniSnulTan erTad, simon kananelis

saflavi Tu axal aTonSi, mataTasi ki gonioSi imyofeba, maSin cxadia, I-II

saukuneebis qarTlis samefo, saerTod qarTulenovani samyaro is mxare yofila,

romelic qristes mowafebis sayovelTao interess iwvevda. ase, rom meufe

ananias mier mociqulTa Sesaxeb motanili masalis safuZvelze miRebuli

daskvnebi originaluria, ufro metic, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis

Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT meufe anania miznad isaxavs, sxva kidev

ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mociqulTa mier ax.w. I-II s-ebis

saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva meufe ananias safuZvels aZlevs

mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnios (gv. 154).

naSromSi dasabuTebulia im droisaTvis aseTi gziT warmoqmnili eklesiis

avtokefaluroba da Tanasworuflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT

mosazrebas avtori XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonistis Teodore balsamonis

komentariT adasturebs.

adreqristianuli xanis am metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs qvemoT kidev

Sevexebi. axla ki oriod sityviT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze.

saqarTvelos eklesiis gadmocemisas, ra Tqma unda, vercerTi mkvlevari

gverds ver auvlis adreqristianuli saqarTvelos eklesiis iseT kardinalur

sakiTxs, rogoricaa qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba.

meufe ananiam es sakiTxi ganixila paragrafSi ~gza qristianobisa I saukunidan

wminda ninomde~ (gv. 166-169). saqarTveloSi I s-dan rom qristianoba arsebobda,

meufe ananias mtkicebiT, am mxriv saistorio wyaroTa cnobebiT arqeologiuri

gaTxrebiT mopovebuli masaliT dasturdeba. moqcevis Cemeburi daTariReba

misaRebad miaCnia.

meufe anania kiTxvas svams: ~romel wels Semovida wminda nino

saqarTveloSi da gaaqristiana mTeli qarTveli xalxi? es saintereso sakiTxi, -

dasZens igi, - Zalze damajereblad gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. misi

msjelobis Tanaxmad, wm. nino saqarTveloSi 303 wels Semovida. 317/318 wlebSi

qarTlis samefo karma qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara, xolo 324

wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla. meufe anania iqve ganmartavs, rom qarTlis

moqcevas 317 wliT aTariRebda vaxuSti bagrationi. mis Tvalsazriss iziarebda

32

d. baqraZe da iv. gvaramaZe. xolo p. ioselians, g. sabininsa da r. caamcievs

qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 318 weli miaCniaTo da dasZens: 317/318 wels qarTlSi

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb v. goilaZis msjeloba

Zalze damajerebelia, amitom unda aRdges vaxuSti bagrationis mier

gamorkveuli TariRi da qarTlis moqceva 317/318 wlebiT daTariRdes, xolo

qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis naTvla 324-326 wlebiT (gv. 169).

naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis

iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa kaTalikosebad qarTvelebis dajdoma.

vaxtang gorgasalsa da qarTlis eklesiis meTauris miqaels Soris momxdari

konfliqtis gaanalizebis Semdeg meufe anania wers: vaxtang gorgasalma ineba,

rom qarTuli eklesia mowyobiliyo, rogorc erTiani centralizebuli

samamamTavro eklesia. e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos

eklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi, anu kaTalikosi gaxda. pirvel

kaTalikoss petres mamamTavari ewodeba, ~aqedan iwyes kaTalikosTa

mamamTavrobad~-o, dasZens meufe anania.

naSromis IV TavSi ~qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi~ mravali masalaa

motanili am saukuneSi qarTuli mdgomareobis saCveneblad. saubaria iranelTa

mier qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebaze (gv. 202-206), axsnilia, Tu ratom mfarvelobda

irani monofizitebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, somxur eklesias (gv. 203). ratom iyo

saeklesio ena qarTuli hereTsa, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi (gv. 207-

215). amave TavSi calke paragrafia ~asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg~

(gv. 6). aRniSnul paragrafSi meufe anania wers: ~romel wels Camovidnen

asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi, rogori sarwmunoebivi mimarTulebisa iyo

qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgomareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis

dasasruls?

ai kiTxvebi, romlebic pasuxis gacemas moiTxoven (gv. 219) da pasuxobs,

rom T. Jordania, iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe rusul istoriografiaSi

asurel mamaTa Sesaxeb Seqmnil naSromebze dayrdnobiT, maT Semosvlas 540-iani

wlebiT aTariRebeno (gv. 219).

asureli mamebidan erTi mama antoni, marTlac, 544 wels Semovida

qarTlSi, magram danarCenebze amas ver vityvi. isini qarTlSi Semovidnen ufro

adre, farsman mefis dros 535 wlis xanaSi. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb am bolo xans

gamoqveynda Cemi werili (~saidan da rodis movidnen asureli mamebi

33

saqarTveloSi~, ~mnaTobi, 1992 #5-6) da d. merkvilaZis broSura (asurel mamaTa

qarTlSi mosvlis dro, Tb. 1996).

mecxre TavSi - ~qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi~ gaanalizebulia daviT

aRmaSeneblis xanis saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba, giorgi Wyondidelis

moRvaweoba. aqve naCvenebia, Tu ras unda gamoewvia legendis Seqmna mefe-

mRvdelmTavar ioaneze (gv. 221-225). amave TavSi araerTi saintereso paragrafia.

mag., ~eklesia qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli~ (gv. 233).

masSi aRniSnulia, rom ~saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul

politikur erTeulebs faqtobrivad qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236).

amave TavSi mniSvnelovania ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebisadmi miZRvnili

paragrafi. meufe ananias daskvniT, 1103 wels moxda ara saxelmwifos mier

eklesiis uprecedento damorCileba, aramed Seikra raRac kavSiri saxelmwifosa

da umaRles saeklesio mTavrobas Soris. Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi

qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240), rom DdaviT aRmaSeneblis dros ~saxelmwifo

mmarTvelobis sistemas saTaveSi Caudga oTxi monazoni, anu `oTxi beri~,

romlebic darbazis umaRlesi wevrebi iyvnen. ruis-urbisis krebis Semdeg, -

dasZens meufe anania, - marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebelma miaRwia imas, rom man

moipova uflebebi eklesiaze (saq. ist. narkvevebi, III, gv. 216), magram, Tavis mxriv,

eklesiam moipova uzenaesi ufleba – emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. maSasadame,

daviT aRmaSenebelma es ori ~xeli~ gaaerTiana~ (iqve, gv. 218).

meufe ananias naSromidan zemomotanili msjeloba, marTlac, imis naTeli

magaliTia, rogorc TviT wers, qarTveli eris istorias qarTuli eklesiis

istoriis gareSe rom ver gaviazrebT.

naSromSi aseve kargadaa gaanalizebuli Tamar mefis xanis saeklesio

cxovreba (gv. 245-212), qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Semdeg saukuneebSi. aq

yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli, Tu erTiani qarTuli monarqiis daSlam rogor

ganapiroba Temobrivi Segnebis aRorZineba (gv. 303 da Semdegi), saubaria

evropuli (kaTolikuri) da rusuli orientaciis da misi kraxis Sesaxeb (gv. 333-

339), rogor mimdinareobda brZola ~gamoxsnis~ da aRdgomisaTvis~ (gv. 329-332).

naCvenebia, didi kaTolikosis – anton I-is epoqa (gv. 354-356).

saqarTvelos teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli politikuri

erTeulebis gaerTianebaze saubrisas meufe anania, vfiqrob, samarTlianad

askvnis, rom ~TviT saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur

34

erTeulebs qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236). es daskvna, rogorc vxedavT,

qarTvelTa erovnuli erTianobis Sesaxeb X s. qarTuli mwerlis giorgi

merCules mowodebas ~qarTlad friadi qveyana...~ exmaureba da adasturebs.

paragrafSi ~yivCaRTa Camosaxleba~ (gv. 233-240), meufe anania im daskvnamde

midis, rom saqarTveloSi yivCaRebis asimilacia ar momxdara. rogorc am bolo

xans profesorma jemal stefnaZem gaarkvia, yivCaRebi isev Crd. kavkasiaSi unda

gabrunebuliyvnen (ix. misi, sad wavidnen yivCaRebi?, ~mnaTobi~, 1988 #4).

gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmisagan qveynis dasustebis miuxedavad meufe

ananias naCvenebi aqvs, rom XIV s. saqarTvelos monastrebSi SemoqmedebiTi

muSaoba grZeldeboda.

am dros Seiqmna originaluri qarTuli Txzulebani – luka ierusalimisa

da nikoloz dvalis martvilobani, Sedga krebulebi, Segrovili iqna

xelnawerebi (gv. 278).

saqarTvelos eklesia siZlieres inarCunebda XV s-Sic. meufes sityviT,

~maSindel msoflioSi saqarTvelos icnobdnen, rogorc did qristianul

qveyanas~, amis gamo, rom ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis (1438-45)

gaxsnisas saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli mitropoliti sofroni diptixis

Sesabamisad konstantinepolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis

warmomadgenelTa Semdeg dasves (gv. 286). msoflio saeklesio krebaSi

aRmosavleTis patriarqTa Semdeg dgoma saqarTvelos eklesiis siZliereze

miuTiTebs.

deda eklesiisagan samcxe-saaTabagos eklesiis gamosayofad aTabagTa

(gansakuTrebiT mzeWabukis 1500-1515) mcdeloba, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, didi

codva iyo. aTabagTa aseTi mcdelobis gamo mTeli qarTveli eri dazaralda,

mesxeTis didi nawili CamoSorda deda eklesias. andria mociqulis mier awyuris

eklesiaSi dasvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos mfarveli yovlad wminda

RmrTismSoblis xati im xanad rom mxolod samcxis mosaxleobis saTemo xatad

iqna miCneuli, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, es im epoqaSi erovnuli erTianobis

grZnobis dakninebiT iyo gamowveuli (gv. 295). Temobriobis aRorZinebam

qarTvelobas safuZveli gamoacala (gv. 317). amitom, meufe ananias daskvniT,

~erovnuli gadarCenisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, saWiro iyo qristianuli

sarwmunoebis dacva da gaZliereba saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli

eklesiisa~ (gv. 329).

35

aseTi Znelbedobis Jams calkeul saqarTveloebad danawilebuli qveynis

saepiskoposoebi kvlav rCebodnen kulturis centrebad (gv. 342), qarTuli

eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovan Semobrunebad meufe anania osmalobisa da

yizilbaSobis Semdeg mcxeTaSi qristianuli wesiT Teimuraz II-is kurTxevas

Tvlis, mxolod sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom sveticxovelSi arsebuli samefo

taxti, romelic mefeTa da kaTalikos-patriarqTa kurTxevisas gamoiyeneboda, XX

s-Si ~restavracias Seewira~ (gv. 351).

metad sainteresoa naSromis is Tavebi da paragrafebi, romelSic

ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria XIX-XX saukuneebSi: saqarTvelos

eklesiis mdgomareoba egzarqosebis xanaSi, brZola avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis, avtokefaliis aRdgena da dadastureba da sxva. erTi sityviT,

rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSne, mTavarepiskoposis meufe anania jafariZis mier

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili naSromi bevrad (TiTqmis 170 gverdi) aRemateba im moculobas, rac

saatestacio komisiis debulebiT istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero

xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenil naSroms moeTxoveba. amitom masSi aRZrul,

gaanalizebul da gadaWril yovel sakiTxze SeCereba da saTanado avkargianobis

Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba Znelia. magram sadisertacio naSromis

Sesaxeb sanam gamosvlas davamTavreb minda kidev erTxel adre qristianuli

xanis saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs davubrunde. gamokvlevis am nawilSi

sainteresoa ~saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa~. aq axsnilia,

ras niSnavs ~orTodoqsaluri~, ratom unda iwodebodes ~saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebluri eklesia~ ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiad~, ras moicavs

~qarTuli eklesiis samwyso~ (gv. 147-158). V s-Si ~qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis

sazRvrebis~ gaanalizebisas meufe ananias mier miRebuli daskvna, rom ~vaxtangis

epoqaSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelozec

vrceldeboda (gv. 160). esadageba am cota xnis win am darbazSi samecniero

sesiaze b-n daviT musxeliSvilis mier gakeTebuli moxsenebisas miRebul

daskvnas. aseve SeiZleboda yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina V-VI s-ebSi qarTuli da

somxuri eklesiebis damokidebulebaze (gv. 212-213), magram amjerad mxolod

qarTuli kulturisaTvis erT metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs Sevexebi.

rogorc iTqva, naSromSi mravladaa iseTi Txroba, romelSic axsnilia

axalSobili iesos mimarT mogvTa Tayvaniscema.

36

saxarebiseuli es epizodi CemSi piradad yovelTvis auxsneli iyo da ver

gamego, ram gamoiwvia cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Tayvaniscema, religiis

zoroastriul msaxurTa – mogvTa axalSobil iesosTan gamocxadeba da a.S.

rogorc saTanado evropul literaturaze (e. svetlov, vestnik carstva

boJia, V, 1972, gv. 363). dayrdnobiT meufe anania aCvenebs, rom israelis gareT

zoroastizmi msoflios erTaderTi religia yofila, romelic icnobda

mesianizms.

israelTa garda mxolod am religiis mimdevrebs swamdaT momavali

sufeva uflisa da moelodnen am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas.

miiCneva, rom suliwminda im xalxebsac, romlebic biblias ar aRiarebdnen,

amzadebda macxovris misaRebad (svetlovi 375). amitom mxsnelis molodinis gamo

zoroastrizmis qurumebi – mogvebi pirvelni mividnen axalSobil iesos

Tayvanisacemlad (gv. 144-145).

TiTqmis amave sakiTxs ukavSirdeba da metad sainteresoa, Tu ras unda

niSnavdes ~wigni nebroTisa~.

rogorc ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia, es wigni jer kidev warmarT mefe

mirians hqonda. ~mefeTa cxovrebis~ cnobiT, mirianma masSi ~pova werili esreT

~ukanasknelTa JamTa movides mefe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina da gixsnas

Sen~ (qarT. cx. 1. Ggv. 105).

meufe anania wers: mefe mirianma wminda ninos mier gaqristianebul

abiaTarisagan mravaljer gamoikiTxa cnobebi ~ZvelTa da axalTa wignTa~.

(gaqristianebamde abiaTari Zveli aRTqmis, e.i. iudaisturi sarwmunoebis mRvdeli

iyo). mefe mirians, romelic gaqristianebamde cecxlTayvanismcemlobasac

icnobda, ~nebroTis wigni~ hqonia. es unda yofiliyo ara Zveli aRTqmis

apokrifebi, aramed swored zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcveli ~sparsTa

wminda wigni~ avesta, romelsac zogjer iranul bibliasac uwodebdnen. meufe

ananias aseTi mosazrebis dasturad miaCnia ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mariam

dedofliseul variantSi qarTvelTa cxovrebis aRmwerel Txzulebas win uZRvis

msoflio istoriisadmi miZRvnili nakveTi, romelSic nebroTi

cecxlTayvanismcemlad da mis erT-erT moZRvradaa gamoyvanili (k. kekeliZe,

qarT. lit. ist. I, gv. 440).

maSasadame, - ganagrZobs meufe anania, - wminda ninos saswaulTa Semdeg

mefe miriani sagangebod gaecno Zveli da axali aRTqmis umTavres ideas da

37

cecxlTayvaniscemluri sarwmunoebis ZiriTad TvalsazrisTan Seadara. amis

Semdeg, mematianes sityviT, ~gulisxma yo mefeman mirian, rameTu Zvelni wignni

da axali ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili

qristes sjulisa~ (q. cx. I, gv. 105).

rogorc vxedavT, axla gasarkvevia, ras niSnavs ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi

gamoTqma ~Zvelni wigni da axali ewamvodes~ da amas ~nebroTis~ wignic

daamtkicebdao~.

meufe anania masac xsnis. ~ras ewamvodnen~ an ras amtkicebdnen ~Zvelni da

axali wignni? svams kiTxvas da pasuxobs: ~ra Tqma unda, winaswarmetyvelebas

mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb, romelsac ~daamtkicebda~, anu eTamxmeboda ~nebroTis

wigni~, aman sruliad SeZra mefe miriani da xeli Seuwyo mis gaqristianebas.

Semdeg meufe ganagrZobs, samefo ojaxSi ~nebroTis wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb

mogviTxrobs juanSeric, romelic vaxtangs aTqmevinebs: ~mamaTa CuenTa farulad

epyra wigni ese~, amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom III-IVsaukuneebSi qarTveli eris

saukeTeso nawils gagebuli hqonda mesiis mosalodneli mosvlis Sesaxeb~-o (gv.

145-146).

amrigad, meufe ananias daskvniT, ~nebroTis wigni~, rogorc aqamde egonaT,

Zveli aRTqmis apokrifi ki araa, aramed ~sparsTa wminda wigni~ avestaa.

vfiqrob, gamodis, rom mirianis dros samefo ojaxSi iyo misi qarTuli

Targmani. es wigni darCenila samefo ojaxSi da V s-Si vaxtang gogrgasalma

icoda, ~mamaTa CuenTa dafarulad rom epyraT wigni ese ~ - nebroTisa~ (q. cx. I,

gv. 140-142).

ra safuZveli gvaqvs IV s. damdegisaTvis ~nebroTis wignis~ qarTuli

Targmanis arseboba vamtkicoT da ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv Cvens cxovrebaSi?

akad. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar arsebobda qarTulad, igi

ar Senaxula arc sxva romelime enaze da, rogorc gairkva, is ar arsebobda (ix.

misi dasax. naSr. gv. 441, gv. 438). sinamdvileSi nebroTis wignis Sesaxeb cnobas,

- dasZens igi, - safuZvlad daedo apografi fsevdoefremisa, romelic iv.

javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens Txzulebis, ganZTa qvabis erT-erTi

redaqciis, Targmans (iqve gv. 438).

es apokrifi, - ganagrZobs b-i korneli, - romelSic mesiaze an

macxovarzedacaa laparaki da nebroTis gmirobazec, m. janaSvils miaCnda

nebroTis wignad. magram es Secdomaa, dasaxelebuli apokrifi araa nebroTis

38

wigni, vinaidan is TviTon uCvenebs nebroTis wyaros. romelsac amnairad

axasiaTebs: ~xolo igi wigni, romelic iswava nebroT ianitan grZneulisagan, ara

Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, amisTvis, rameTu varskvlavTricxuaT ars,

aramed sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmindad, xolo brZenni uwodeben

varskvlavTricxuad wignsa mas, xolo mogueni fed saxelsdeben, romel ars

wigni sityvsa: ese ars wigni grZnebisa da moZRuebai eSmakisTa sibilwisai, da

umecarni iyvan, viTarmed WeSmaritad ariso, xolo ars kari grZnebisa da

Seginebisa~ (k. kekeliZe, gv. 439).

amrigad, ~nebroTis wigns~ Tu ~sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmidada~, xolo

~moguni fed saxeldeben~, Tanac ~nebroTis wigni~ mTel da axal aRTqmas mesiis

mosvlis sakiTxSi eTanxmeboda, maSin marTali brZandeba meufe anania da

~nebroTis wignis~ saxiT mirianis drois qarTlis samefoSi avestis (ufro

swored misi raRac nawili an komentarebi) qarTuli Targmani unda hqonebodaT.

amitom b-ni k. kekeliZis kategoriuli mtkiceba ~araviTari nebroTis wigni ar

arsebobda arc qarTul, arc sxva romelime enaze, Tqmuleba nebroTis wignis

Sesaxeb SeTxzulia. leonti mrovelis miero~ (gv. 440, 441), gadasinjvas moiTxovs.

meufe ananias zemomotanili daskvnis dasturad minda davZino: ~zoroastrizms

swamda momavali sufeva uflisa da moeloda am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis

mosvlas~, ris gamoc zorastuli religiis msaxurni - mogvebi pirvelni mividnen

Cveni macxovris ieso qristes Tayvanisacemad, Cans, ~wigni nebroTisa~ (avestis

raRac nawili Tu komentarebi) sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis

xalxebSi, misi Targmani iyo qristianobis wina da Semdgomi xanis qarTlis

samefoSic.

rac Seexeba batoni kornelis mtkicebas, rom nebroTis wigni (Tu igi

marTlac avestis nawili iyo) ar Semonaxula arc qarTul da sxva romelime

enaze. avestas Tavgadasavals Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba nebroTis wigni

marTlac, ar Semonaxuliyo. jer erTi, rogorc vnaxeT, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar

~Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa~, radgan CaTvales, rom igi iyo ~wigni

grZnebisa da moZRurebai eSmakTa sibilwisai~ da, cxadia, mas gaanadgurebdnen.

rac mTavaria, igi gaanadgura sasanianTa iranis daRupvam. rogorc cnobilia,

arabTa mier iranis dapyrobis Semdeg zoroastriuli religiis is mimdevrebi,

romlebmac islami ar miiRes, indoeTSi gadasaxldnen. maT Tan waiRes TavianTi

wminda wigni - avesta. evropaSi am wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxolod XVIIIs-Si

39

gaxda cnobili (rogorc cnobilia, frangma swavlulma diuperonma specialurad

Seiswavla avestis ena da 1771 w. franguli Targmani gamosca oqsfordSi).

avestis SinaarsiT, Tu igi, marTlac igive ~nebroTis wignia~ imTaviTve Crd.

SuamdinareTis mosaxleobasTan erTad, qarTvelebic unda yofiliyvnen

dainteresebulni, radgan nebroTi bibliis Tanaxmad, SuamdinareTis pirveli

mefe iyo da am samefoSi Sedioda qarTvelTa erT-erTi winapari Tubali.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg unda davZino: meufe anania jafariZis

naSromis saxiT Cvens winaSea metad saintereso, didi da Tavdauzogavi

Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~,

romelSic qarTuli eklesiis istoria gadmocemulia mociqulTa droidan

dRemde. am oriaTaswlovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba sakamaTod

mogveCvenos, magram es ZiriTadad ama Tu im sakiTxze, qarTul istoriografiaSi

arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT an am sakiTxTa Sesaxeb arsebul saistorio

wyaroTa simciriTaa gamowveuli. saerTod, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is

garemoeba, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromis saxiT Cvens xelTaa

pirveli monografiebi, romlebSic saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis erTiani

istoriaa gadmocemuli. Tanac am, monografiebiT Tavisufali saqarTvelos

pirobebSi jer mxolod pirveli nabijebi idgmeba qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

Seswavlis saqmeSi. sul ramdenime welia, rac oriaTaswlovanma qarTulma

eklesiam Tavisuflad amoisunTqa. bolSevikTa batonobis dasawyisSi kirion

kaTalikoss ganucxadebia: ~gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli

eqsperimentebi, romelsac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze,

aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulieri gavelurebis,

gaxrwnis karamde~ (gv. 418). rogorc meufe anania wers: ~bolSevik-aTeistebis

xelisuflebis – umZimesi batonobis dros, marTalia, eri gadaurCa fizikurad

gadaSenebas, magram ~sulier gavelurebas da sulier gaxrwnas~, Cans, Tavi ver

aaridao~ (gv. 418). meufe ananias wignebi Cveni eris aseT nawils, albaT,

salbunad unda daedos, raTa isini deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrundnen.

ZiriTadad aseTia Cemi STabeWdilebani mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

mier istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenil naSromze.

40

rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs. qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxze meufe

ananias bolomde ver daveTanxmebi. avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrisas zemoT

aRvniSne, rom am sakiTxs kvlav davubrundebodi.

meufe anania marTali brZandeba, qristianobis pirvel saukuneSi

warmoqmnili eklesiebi, marTlac, avtokefalurebi iyvnen. ase iyo mowyobili

TviT romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis provinciebSi, aq mcxovrebi

mosaxleoba eTnikuri, istoriuli da sxva TvisebaTa mixedviT mcire da did

saeklesio olqebad iyofoda. olqebs saTaveSi edgnen episkoposebi. Tavisi

saepiskoposos teritoriaze episkoposi axorcielebda saeklesio

zedamxedvelobas, ufleba hqonda moewvia saeklesio kreba da misi Tavmjdomare

yofiliyo. krebis TanxmobiT episkopos Tavmjdomares SeeZlo daeniSna an

gadaeyenebina misdami daqvemdebarebuli episkoposi. mcire da wina aziaSi am

mxriv TandaTan gamoikveTa da Camoyalibda mosaxleobis eTnikur Sedgenilobaze

Seqmnili iseTi didi saepiskoposoebi, rogorebic iyvnen: tarsisa-kilikiaSi,

kesariisa-kapadokiaSi, efesosi-aziaSi, tvirosisa-finikiaSi, edesisa-

mesopotamiaSi, bostrisa-arabeTSi, neokesariisa-polemones pontoSi, ankirisa-

galatiaSi, ikoniisa-likaoiaSi da sxvebi.

erovnul da eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno

314 w. ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18

kanoniT zemodasaxelebuli saepiskoposoebi Tanasworad da damoukideblad

gamocxadda. es dadgenileba ... ~marTalia~ daadastura nikeis I msoflio

saeklesio krebis me-4 da me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344

w.) me-9, 14, 15, 19, 20 kanonma (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 226-227) magram saqme is iyo,

rom imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebidan yvela ver axerxebda

damoukideblobis SenarCunebas. dasaxelebul krebaTa dadgenilebebi maT ar

Sveloda Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi moqceul eklesiaTa

Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im

eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqis politikur mniSvnelobaze.

saerTod ki, qristianTaTvis am qalaqis qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur

avtoritetze (p. gidulianovi, gv. 227).

swored aRniSnuli pirobebis gamo pirvelobda imperiis aRm. nawilSi

antioqiis episkoposi. nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebis masalebSi evstaTi

antioqiis xelmoweris qveS 22 episkoposis xelmowera swored imis dasturadaa

41

miCneuli, isini antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi rom imyofebodnen (iqve, gv. 250-

251). marTlac, IV s. damdegisaTvis mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebis centri

antioqia iyo. rogorc specialur literaturaSia miTiTebuli, misi sulieri

gavlena garda sakuTriv siriisa, vrceldeboda ara marto mcire aziaze, portisa

da aziis Crd-aRm. nawilze, aramed Soreul sparseTze, somxeTze, saqarTveloze

(pagidulianovi, 1908, gv. 279).

antioqiis episkoposs unda ezruna am qveynebSi qristianobis gavrcelebasa

da gamyarebaze (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 235). antioqiis episkoposebi jer

daxmarebas uwevdnen sust qristianul Temebs, Semdeg saeklesio recefciis

ZaliT maTze imtkicebdnen ierarqiul mdgomareobas da maT TavianT

xelisuflebas uqvemdebarebdnen (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 223, Sdr. a. pavlovi).

ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs am mxriv qarTul eklesiaSi?

meufe ananias Tanaxmad, ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila, is

imperiis gareT iyo. amitom, radgan provinciebSi yvela eklesia avtokefaluri

iyo, es miT ufro saqarTvelos Sesaxeb iTqmis (gv. 178). ~Cvens istoriografiaSi, -

dasZens meufe anania, - azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis

eqvemdebareboda qarTuli eklesia Seqmnis Semdeg. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili

fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia IV s. dasawyisSi antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi

Sedioda. meore – amJamad gavrcelebuli azris Tanaxmad ki – konstantinepols

daeqvemdebara. magram, – ganagrZobs igi, - 325 wlis nikeis krebis dadgenilebis

mixedviT, eklesiaTa daqvemdebareba akrZaluli iyo~. Semdeg kiTxvas svams: ~mainc

romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si,

antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinepolisa?~ da iqve pasuxobs: ~saqme is aris,

rom radgan sabuTebi amis dadgenis saSualebas ar iZlevian, amitom unda

vifiqroT, rom aseTi sabuTi arc arsebobda~-o (gv. 177). vaxtangis mier miqaelis

konstantinepolSi gagzavnis gamo ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqos

qarTuli eklesia im dros konstantinepolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda an rogor

SeZlo sparseTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia

bizantias Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana? antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi ki qalkedonis

krebamde, iv. javaxiSvilis mier Seswavlil wyaroTa Tanaxmad, ar yofilao (gv.

195). antioqia rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis centrad miiCneoda, es imas ar niSnavs,

ierarqiulad aRmosavleTis yvela eklesia antioqias rom emorCileboda,

antioqiasTan ufro sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri kavSiri igulisxmebao (gv. 195-196).

42

rogorc vxedavT, Cvens winaSe qarTuli eklesiisaTvis metad

problematuri sakiTxia dasmuli. kidev vimeoreb, meufe anania marTali

brZandeba, adreqristianul xanaSi yvela eklesia, maT Soris qarTlis samefos

teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli saepiskoposoebi damoukidebelni iyvnen da

amis Sesaxeb me saTanado damatebiTi masalac movitane, magram qarTlSi

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg erTiani qarTuli

eklesia antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi moeqca (sxvaTa Soris, imdroindeli

damoukidebloba zemoCamoTvlilma didma saepiskoposoebmac ki ver SeinarCunes.

isini sxvadasxva sapatriarqoebis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcnen) meufe anania aseT

gavlenas imiT uaryofs, rom ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila~, magram

298 wels q. nisibisSi iransa da roms Soris dadebuli zaviT 40 wliT qarTlze

romis proteqtorati rom damyarda, es gana 298-338 wlebSi romis imperiasTan

qarTlis samefos siaxloveze ar miuTiTebs? meorec, 318 wels qristianobis

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg, mefe mirianis moTxovniT qarTlSi

antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi branji (e.i. galateli) mTavardiakoni

Camovida da eklesiis organizacia moaxdina, qarTlis pirvel episkoposad ione

dasva, aq momxdari ambebi aRwera da waiRo imperiaSi. gana imaze ar metyvelebs,

rom axladwarmoqmnil qarTlis eklesiaze imperiaSi viRac zrunavda (msgavsi

ambavi moxda das. saqarTveloSi egrisis pirvel episkoposad iberis Zes xeli

daasxa petre sebastielma, romelic Tavis mxriv, ierarqiulad antioqiis

samwysos ekuTvnoda).

swored aRniSnulma faqtma ganapiroba qarTlis eklesiis antioqiis

iurisdiqciaSi moqceva. ase, rom b-ni ivane javaxiSvilis mosazreba, TiTqos

mxolod qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebis (451 w.) Semdeg

daeqvemdebara qarTlis eklesia antioqiis sapatriarqos, arasworia. aseve,

qarTlis eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi arasdros

ar yofila (ix. Cemi qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991). 451 wlamde

konstantinopolis eklesiis mrevli umniSvnelo iyo. rogorc cnobilia,

qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT miiRo anatoli

konstantinepolma (449-458) antioqiis episkopos maqsimedan (451-455) aziis yvela

olqi skutridan (konstantinepolis gareubania) galatiamde. amave krebis

gadawyvetilebiT, maqsime antioqielma ierusalimis episkoposs iubenals (422-458)

dauTmo palestina (miqael breki).

43

qalkedonis krebis Semdeg TiToeuli patriarqis samwyso mkacrad

ganisazRvra. rogorc XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonisti ioane zonara wers,

konstantinepolis patriarqs ar SeeZlo siriis an palestinis, finikiis, an

egviptis mitropolitTa saqme gaerCia maTi survilis gareSe. siriis

mitropolitebi zonaras ganmartebiT, antioqiis patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi

Sediodnen, palestinisa ierusalimisaSi da ase Semdeg, yvela imas emorCileba,

vis mieracaa xeldasmuli (krebis kanonebi). ase rom, 318 wlidan qarTlis (aseve

egrisis) eklesia antioqiis gavlenaSi moeqca. amitom iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis

dros, rogorc qarTul wyaroSia (Sat. kr. gv. 325) naTqvami, qarTlis moqcevidan

(317/318 ww.) 170 wlis Tavze – 487/8 wels antioqiis patriarqma petre fulonma

qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad rom petre kapadokieli akurTxa.

aRniSnulis garda, SeiZleboda survili gamomeTqva, rom Semdgom

muSaobaSi meufe ananias qarTuli eklesiis samisionero saqmianobac

gaeTvaliswinebina. SeiZleboda ramdenime koreqtul Secdomazec mimeTiTebina,

magram aseTi didi moculobis naSromisaTvis es araferia.

sabolood didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno, rom warmodgenili

sadisertacio naSromi maRal mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli, didi

interesiT ikiTxeba, igi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebul sasuliero

akademiaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo. Cems mier zemoT naCveneb

RirsebaTa gamo ~saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoriis~ avtori

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe uyoymanod imsaxurebs ara Tu Ziebul –

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis, ufro maRal, doqtoris, xarisxsac ki.

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis

wamyvani mecnieri TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori v. goilaZe

pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes

uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtors baton vaxtang goilaZes Cemi naSromis maRali SefasebisaTvis, rac

Seexeba avtokefaliis sakiTxSi Cvens Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, me

44

vfiqrob, rom momavali kvleva-Ziebisas literaturisa da wyaroebis Semdgomi

analizis Semdeg SesaZlebelia azri Sevicvalo.

mTlianad veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents qarTlSi asurel mamaTa

Semosvlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, maTi didi nawili farsman mefis zeobaSi

unda Semosuliyo.

kidev erTxel uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb baton vaxtangs im didi

SromisaTvis, romelsac igi dauRalavad eweva qarTuli eklesiis sasargeblod

da, cxadia, Cemi mcire naSromis didad dafasebisaTvis. gmadlobT

sabWos wevri valerian maWaraZe (doqtori):

batono Tavmjdomare, aq gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom naSromis avtori

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe ufro met samecniero xarisxs imsaxurebs. mis

kvalificiur oponents suliT da guliT vuWer mxars... yirimSi, sevastopolidan

6 km-ze aris xersonesi, marcxnis quCis boloSi iyo pirvelqristianTa sasaflao,

pirveli qristianebis TavSesafari I saukunisaTvis - mociqulTa droisaTvis. me

vfiqrob, unaklo da uSeniSvno araferi dawerila, magram meufis sami tomi

ramdenime dRiT mqonda saxlSi, gavecani da aRtacebuli var. vuTxari kidec

baton ananias erT-erT sxdomaze, zagorskSi gadaeciT meTqi. cxadia, SeniSvnebis

gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT dadebul naSroms, Cveni wyaroebis gamo ukeTesis

gakeTeba ar SeiZleba. me sabWos wevrebs movuwodeb, savsebiT damsaxurebuli

naSromia.

sabWos wevri ilia tabaRua (doqtori):

batonebo, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe usityvod imsaxurebs saZiebel

xarisxs, avtoreferati ki ara ori tomi siamovnebiT wavikiTxe da aqamde var

maTi gavlenis qveS. savsebiT mxars vuWer aq gamoTqmul azrs, Tqven saZiebo

xarisxi, cxadia, gekuTvniT. me mxolod neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT, rom

saqarTvelos da roms Soris qristianobis CasaxvisTanave arsebobda

urTierToba. Sua saukuneebSic es kavSiri ar Sewyvetila. XVIII saukuneSi

45

kaTalikosebi, eris saukeTeso pirebi, TanamSromlobdnen rogorc aRmosavleTis,

ise dasavleT (romis) eklesiasTan. am urTierTobis asaxva sruliad ar aris

saSiSi rwmenisaTvis, piriqiT, am urTierTobis asaxva didad gaalamazebs,

gaamdidrebs Cveni eklesiis istorias. esaa Cemi survili. bolos kidev erTxel

mivesalmebi Tqvens Sromas da gisurvebT warmatebebs da aseve kidev or toms,

kidev rom gvpirdebiT, ai, imis dasrulebaSi RmerTma xeli mogimarToT.

Tavmjdomare: - xom ar aris msurveli sabWodan, maSin gTxovT damswre

sazogadoebidan.

sityvas iTxovs ucnobi qalbatoni (sityvas ambobs adgilidan): dauviwyaria

is saTnoeba, romelic Cvens ojaxs moefina meufe ananiasagan am ociode wlis

win. mapatieT, SeiZleba vRelav, axalcixis gzaze moxda Zalze mZime

avtokatastrofa. Cemi Svili da me movyeviT am avtokatastrofaSi. umZimesi

mdgomareoba Seiqmna. maSin aravis hqonda Cemi Svilis gadarCenis imedi. maSin

axalcixeSi davdiodi, vkuratorobdi erT sferos, Zalian gviWirda da

yavarjniT SevZeli asvla eklesiaSi, rabaTSi, da iq batoni anania axalgazrda

sakmarisad Semxvda. muxlis CoqviT Semovuare eklesias, maSin mogexsenebaT

partiis mandati mqonda, da sruliad moulodneli iyo aseTi moqmedeba Cemgan.

batoni anania gamobrZanda, momkida xeli, amayena, vuambe Cemi mdgomareoba da

sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi loculobda CemTvis. erTaderTi imedi mqonda RmerTis

imisi, rom Cemi Svili gadarCeboda da batonma ananiam mxurvaled iloca. me

miTxres, rom mxolod RmerTi Caeria Seni Svilis gadarCenaSio. me minda dRes

udidesi madloba saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebis winaSe baton ananias vuTxra.

saocari saswauli moxda da Cemi Svili gadarCa, dRes ruseTSi imyofeba, maSin

16 wlis iyo, meufe ananiam uTxra, rom ~giorgi, Sengan kargi eqimi dadgeba~,

axla eqimia marTlac. Tqven wlebis manZilze loculobdiT, Cemma Svilma jaric

axalcixeSi moiara da dadioda igi TqvenTan. ruseTSi Cems Svils donis

rostovis monasterSi yavs Tavis moZRvari, da dRes aRavlina locva, daanTo

sanTeli Tqveni dRevandeli momentisaTvis, Tqveni janmrTelobisaTvis. viyri

muxls Tqvens winaSe da did madlobas mogaxsenebT Cveni ojaxis saxeliT.

46

revaz baramiZe (profesori)

batonebo, gadaRlili xarT da ar dagayovnebT, magram me ar SemiZlia, ar

gamovTqva Cemi mosazreba oriode faqtze. jer erTi, mTavarepiskopos meufe

ananias naSromi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria SesaniSnavad Seafases

istorikosebma. sxva rameze minda SeniSvna gavakeTo. wyaroebi gamoyenebulia

SesaniSnavad. garda aqamde ucnobi dokumentebisa, sabuTebisa. naSromSi, wignebi

maqvs mxedvelobaSi, Zalian mdidrulad da kargad aris warmoCenili

marTlmadideblobis mniSvnelobis istoria. agreTve isic minda vTqva, rom

batoni anania kargad brZanebs da sulxan-sabasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani

mosazreba gamoTqva, mogexsenebaT, rom im dros iyvnen karmelitebi. Teatinelebi

da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ara karmelitebis, ara Teatinelebis, aramed

basilianTa ordenis wevri gaxda, es Zalian mniSvnelovania misi sarwmunoebivi

poziciis Sesaswavlad. magram ZiriTadi, ramac me gamabedina dRes aq gamosvla,

aris Semdegi, mTeli ori tomi, romelic me maqvs wakiTxuli, saocrad siRrmiT

aris datvirTuli imis mtkicebiT da imis warmoCeniT, rom qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesia da qarTuli cnobiereba, qarTuli xasiaTi, qarTuli

azrovneba aris erTi didi mTlianoba. qarTuli eklesiis fonze ki ara, masTan

SerwymiT, es aris didi WeSmariteba. amaze yuradRebis gaumaxvilebloba ar

iqneboda kargi. sagangebod minda vimsjelo, es Zalian didi Rirebulebaa, am

sferoSi, roca marTlmadidebluri eklesiis tolZalovnad miiCnevdnen

sxvadasxva seqtebs erovnuli xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi, es arasworia da es

siRrmiT aris warmoCenili meufe ananias SromebSi. es aris sakvlevi ara marto

samecniero, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. am saqmeSi didi wvlili Seaqvs

baton ananias Tavis SesaniSnavi naSromiT. me aRtacebuli var Tqveni naSromiT

da yovelive warmatebas gisurvebT.

revaz CxeiZe (kinoreJisori)

arc istorikosi var da arc marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msaxuri, magram

ar SeiZleba, rogorc moqalaqem ar vTqva Cemi SegrZnebebi imis gamo, rom

mTavarepiskopos ananias saqarTvelos istoriis orive es tomi ara mxolod

47

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaa, aramed qarTveli eris istoria. ai, es sinTezi

kargad warmoaCens, rogor mimdinareobda samoqalaqo mSenebloba saqarTveloSi.

da aq aris SeiZleba iTqvas, araCveulebrivad warmoCenili, Tu rogor

viTardeboda saqarTvelo. aseT midgomas novatoruli xasiaTi aqvs. novatoruls

me xazs vusvam. Cven vuyurebT ara imas, rom es ase moxda, es omebi Catarda, mere

is movida saTaveSi da ase Semdeg, aramed am naSromSi Cven vxedavT, rogor

viTardeba eris sulieri moZRvreba, am istoriaSi primati uWiravs qristianobas.

qristianoba da qarTveli eris ganviTareba imdagvarad, rogorc es meufe ananiam

Camoayaliba, CemTvis Zalian damajerebelia. didi mama qarTveli erisa, ivane

javaxiSvili, eWviT uyurebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas saqarTveloSi, magram

arsebobs wyaroebi andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb, arqeologiuri masala im

epoqisa, CvenTvis es absoluturad damajerebelia. bolos da bolos virwmunoT

es faqti da mere davijerebT. axla warmovidginoT, Tuki saqarTveloSi andria

pirvelwodebuli da sxva mociqulebi I saukuneSi movidnen, ramodena

mniSvneloba aqvs amas qarTveli eris istoriisaTvis da misi civilizaciisaTvis.

kolosaluri mniSvneloba aqvs, imitom, rom Cven viciT, es ra epoqaa da

ra aris saWiro maincdamainc vucadoT IV saukunes, es didi movlena iyo, ra

Tqma unda, roca saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda qristianoba, magram raodeni

mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom I s-Si RvTismSoblis davalebiT modis aq andria

pirvelwodebuli, Semodis aWaridan, esec xom didi ambavia, Sedis samegreloSi,

qarTlSi, svaneTSi, afxazeTSi. es nakvlevi Cans. Sen ra icio, rom mkiTxoT

SeiZleba ver giTxraT qalbatono marika, magram me mjera, rom es ase iyo, mjera

im wyaroebis, romelic arsebobs da marSruti dgindeba Zalian materialurad.

replika darbazidan, mariam lorTqifaniZe: - ~minda rom berZnuli wyaro

iqnes mopovebuli am sakiTxze~ (xmauri).

rezo CxeiZe (agrZelebs) – berZnebi bevr rameSi cdebian. me minda vTqva,

rom es marto qristianobis Semosvlis TariRi ar aris. RvTismSobelma uTxra

mas, rom saqarTvelo gansakuTrebuli qveyana iyo, da nu geSinia am sityvebis.

mgonia me, rom am wignSi araCveulebrivad aris Camoyalibebuli. yovel

SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis bevri ram gaxda naTeli, magaliTad, hereTis sakiTxi. rac

aseve mwvave politikuri sakiTxia dRevandel dRes. istorikosebma unda

upasuxon, rogor akeTeben amas saukeTeso istorikosebi. hereTis sakiTxi

araCveulebrivad zustadaa gadmocemuli masSi, rogor viTardeboda iq

48

qristianoba, mere somxuri eklesiis primati da mere amis motrialeba da,

saerTod, qarTuli enis sakiTxi aris brwyinvaled Camoyalibebuli. wignSi

Camoyalibebulia absoluturad damajereblad agreTve tao-klarjeTis sakiTxi,

romelic aseve Zalian mtkivneulia saqarTvelosTvis. Zalian kargad viciT Cven

ramdeni moaruli, aradamajerebeli istorikosebi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoelebi da

qarTvelebic am Temaze varjiSoben da gvarTmeven genialur adgilebs, idealur

adgilebs, rogorsac tao-klarjeTi warmoadgens Tavisi xuroTmoZRvrebis

ZeglebiT. saxelmwifo saqarTvelo yvelaze metad kargad JRers iq da roca amas

batoni anania, Cveni meufe adgens da absoluturad didi rwmeniT aRiTqmeba

yvelaferi, es amaze didi movlena SeuZlebelia, me mgonia piradad, rom

istoriaze aseTi wigni arc wamikiTxavs, es SeiZleba Cemi gulubryvilobaa,

magram me ase var darwmunebuli. me ar vici rogori niSniT aniWebT xarisxebs,

Cemi warmodgeniT, Tu raime umaRlesi xarisxi arsebobs mecnierebis dargSi,

baton ananias unda mieniWos. axla bodiSi, rom ase Tavxedobas viCen, magram me

ase mgonia (taSi darbazidan).

akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva

neba miboZeT, didi siamovnebiT aRvniSno is garemoeba, rom Cvens

samecniero sabWoze aseTi mniSvnelovani naSromia gamotanili. esaa

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria

Sua saukuneebSi~. eWvi ar mepareba da didad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia is garemoba,

rom Cvens eklesias ewodos ~samociqulo~ eklesia, Tumca batono meufe anania

amasac mogaxsenebT me, magaliTad, ver mivakvlie im berZnul wyaros, sadac iyos

miTiTebuli andria mociqulis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos romelime kuTxeSi,

sulerTia sad, saWiroa dakonkreteba. me mTlianad viziareb vaxtang goilaZis

SeniSvnas. batoni anania, albaT, kidev gadaxedavs am sakiTxebs. qarTul

wyaroebSi aris garkveviT naTqvami, eklesiebSi daiRvara sisxli. aq laparaki

unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom herakles mier bevri ram gakeTda, nu gavujavrdebiT

herakles. Cvens eklesiaSi Tavi moiyara... Seafares Tavi qristianebsa da heraklem

ganwmida eklesia. qalbatonma giulim SeniSna Tbilisel berebTan dakavSirebiT,

rom aseTi fena iyo moqalaqeTa zeda fena. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros me ver

49

gaviziareb Tqvens mosazrebas, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis dros iyo Teokratiuli

saxelmwifo. wyaro pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom eklesiebi da monastrebi wessa da

rigs iRebdnen darbazis karidan. babilina lominaZis udidesi damsaxurebaa rom

cud pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba, eklesiis istoria Seswavlili rom yofiliyo.

n. berZeniSvili cdilobda rogorme yuradRebis arealidan gamoeyvana. yvelaferi

midioda cekaSi, mere moskovSi. sityva ~eklesia da monasteri~ ar SeiZleboda

dawerili yofiloyo. niko ambobda xolme - ~ra davarqvaT babilinas Temebs~,

rom Temis damtkicebis dros ver mimxvdariyvnen, rom es eklesiis istoriaa. es

unda gaviTvaliswinoT... me mTlianad viziareb aq gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom

batoni Aananias udavod ekuTvnis xarisxi da vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe,

magram Suamdgomloba ar aris saWiro mgonia.

marine CxartiSvili (istoriis mecn. doqtori)

yvelaferi, risi Tqmac mindoda, iTqva, upirveles yovlisa, minda vTqva,

rom saeklesio istorias wers saeklesio moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi, wmida

sinodis wevri, batoni meufe anania jafariZe. ra Tqma unda, saeklesio istoria

SeiZleba daweros eriskacma da unda daweros kidec, es aris garkveuli xedva

gverdidan, magram eklesia mogexsenebaT, iseTi fenomenia, aucilebelia misi

danaxva Signidan. me amas aseTi dabejiTebiT imitom geubnebiT, rom Tavad

eklesiis istoriis wyaroebze vmuSaob da TviTon saero ganaTleba maqvs. xSirad

migrZvnia Cems TavSi am xedvis naklovaneba. iciT, mainc agiografiuli Zegli ar

aris literatura, is ufro metia iseve, rogorc xati ar aris marto naxati, es

aris, pirvrl rigSi, misasalmebeli, iTqva aq, rom esaa gadebuli xidi

mecnirebasa da eklesias Soris. mecnierebac eZebs WeSmaritebas da eklesia eZebs

WeSmaritebas. bunebrivia, ar arsebobs iseTi istoriuli WeSmariteba, romelic

Cvens eklesias ar waadgeba da me dadebiTad mesmis. esaa mamuliSvilis mier

dawerili, amitom masTan kamaTi sakmaod Znelia imitom, rom gaazrebuli aqvs mas

es momentebi da Zalian kargad aCvenebs, rogorc ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs

mamuliSviloba da mecnieruli obieqturoba. kargad Cans, rom es savsebiT

SeTavsebadia. imis Sesaxebac iTqva, rom naCvenebi qarTuli eklesiis istoria –

es aris marTlmadideblobis istoriis epizodi. vrceli, magram mainc epizodi,

50

Cven axali kulturis pirispir aRmovCndiT da unda gadavxarSoT es kultura.

Cven rigebs SemWidroeba sWirdeba da istoriuli warsulis analizi swored

amisTvis aris saWiro, yvelaferi amisTvis mas Zalian didi madloba minda

movuxado da agreTve imis gamo, rom is Tvalsazrisi, romelic me ramdenime xnis

win gamovTqvi wmida ninos cxovrebis daTariRebasTan dakavSirebiT, man

gaiziara. mogexsenebaT, XX saukunis Suaxnis Semdeg TariRze aris sxvadasxva

mkvlevaris sxvadasxva azrovneba. salome ujarmelis avtorobis Sesaxeb Cemi

Tvalsazrisi aravis gauziarebia. Zalian martod vgrZnobdi Tavs da meufe

ananiam es gaiziara da CemTvis didi pativia, rom mis naSromebSi Cemi

Tvalsazrisi aris warmoCenili. Zalian didi madloba. erTxel Sevdivar

leqciaze da Cemi studentebi meubnebian, rom iciT qalbatono marina, Cven wina

leqciaze konspeqtebis wera davamTavreT Tqvens gvarze. vkiTxe, vin gikiTxavT

leqcias meTqi, meufe ananiao. es CemTvis didad sasixaruloa da me bednieri var,

rom Cems Tvalsazriss aseTi pirovneba izirebs, madlobT.

meufe Tadeozi (mTavarepiskoposi, wminda sinodis wevri, eparqiis mmarTveli):

Zalian Znelia im didebuli sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla, rogor

didebul pirovnebebsac warmoadgegen aq mobrZanebuli pativcemuli qalbatonebi

da batonebi, magram Cveni eklesiis wminda mamaTa TxovniTa da brZanebiT,

mapatieT, ramdenime sityvas mogaxsenebT. marTalia, Zalian gadaRlilebi

brZandebiT, magram Tqveni gadaRla aris namdvilad wminda. netavi RvTis

sadideblad, mamulis gadasarCenad erTmaneTis siyvarulisaTvis im wminda

marTlmadideblobisaTvis, romelmac Cven dRemde mogviyvana da miuxedavad am

sazareli Jamisa, mainc gadagvarCens. Cveni daRla wmindaa. gaxsovT ilia

marTlis, saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, gulSematkivaris, sibrZne, man rom

brZana didi filosofosis sityvebi; ~awmyo Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli

momavlisa~. - laibnici. magram me vfiqrob laibnici ise poeturad, ise tevadad,

ise brwyinvaled ver brZanebda, rogorc didma iliam qarTulad ~awmyo Sobili

warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavalisa~. uRmerTod araferi ar xdeba. meufe

anania futkris madliT Sromobda, Cumad, TavisTvis da Semdeg am didma Sromam

udidesi nayofi gamoiRo, me mixaria, rom aq umravlesTa gamobrZanebiT, mxolod

51

erTis garda, iyo samarTliani Sefaseba misi naSromisa, radganac vici, romelic

saRmrTo saqmes ewireba da misTvis sicocxlec ar enaneba misi SeqebiT,

siyvaruliT, waxalisebiT da gaxarebiT unda daviwyoT da ara piriqiT, rom

gvegonos, viTom sxvam ukve dawera yvelaferi da meufe ananiam piriqiT. misi

naSromi aris didi qarTuli suliT imdenad axali Sedevri rom, rodesac mas

kiTxulob, siyvaruliT ivsebi. ai, batonma revazma, brZana sixaruliT da

siyvaruliT wavikiTxeo da Zalian bevri icis batonma revazma, Tumca revazi ori

gamobrZanda. batonebi revaz CxeiZe da revaz baramiZe, aq brZandeba saqarTvelos

dideba qalbatoni ana kalandaZe, mapatieT, axla SeiZleba Tqvan ra SuaSiao,

yvelaferia SuaSi, rom meufe ananias Rvawlis dasafaseblad mobrZanda

dRevandel dRes. aq cremliT brZana didebulma qalbatonma misi meufis

saswauli, rom RmerTma gadaarCina misi Svili da misi locvis daxmarebiT. meufe

anania eklesiaSi mobrZanda maSin, rodesac cecxliTa da maxviliT idevneboda

marTlmadidebloba, qristianoba, rodesac WeSmaritebas, simarTles da sinaTles

erqva crumorwmunoeba, ra Tqma unda, eSmakuri kuTxiT. ra Tqma unda, am

daRlil, didebul, brwyinvale sazogadoebas me aRar gadagRliT, me mxolod

imas mogaxsenebT, rac yvela gamomsvlelma TiTqmis brZana, rom es naSromi

aRemateba sakandidato xarisxs, sakandidato disertacias, Tqven aq iseTi brZeni

xalxi SekrebilxarT, kargad mogexsenebaT am Sromis gamonaklisi madli, da

gamoiTqva azri, rom es doqtoris wodebis simaRlezea, maSin Tu es amJamad ar

aris SesaZlo, vilocoT, rom male SevkrebiliyaviT misTvis sadoqtoro

xarisxis miniWebisaTvis. locavs meufe ananias maRali RmerTi, misi maRali

moRvaweobisaTvis, umaRlesi patriotuli moRvaweobisaTvis, romelic mis did,

maRal istoriaSia gamomJRavnebuli is did siyvaruli, poeturi qarTuli suli,

is natvra da yvelaferi. ar aris kidev uRmerTod araferi. meufe anania

brZandeboda pirveli axalcixeli episkoposi da dRes aris Salva axalcixelis

dRe, arc meufe ananiam icoda, rom am dRes daemTxveoda, arc mecnierebma albaT,

magram is, rom Salva axalcixelis dRes daemTxva meufe ananias brwyinvale,

brZnuli da niWieri naSromis madlia. RmerTma uwmindesis wminda locviT

daglocoT, meufe ananias locviT, Cven moZRvarTa locviT. aq brZandeba mama

zaqaria, romelic televiziiT xSirad gmoZRvravT, RmerTma yvela daglocoT da

gagaxaroT da uwmindesis locviT, mamaTaA locviT gadaarCinos saqarTvelo.

52

Tavmjdomare: aq aris Semosuli iakob axuaSvilis Txovna.

iakob axuaSvili (mecnieri):

meufe anania jafariZe gaxlavT is pirovneba, romelic Tavisi kalmiT,

Tavisi mravalmxrivi codniT mxarSi amoudga istoriis institutis mier

dawyebul moZraobas. iyo dro, rodesac qarTvel kacs ar hqonda ufleba

aRedgina Tavisi warTmeuli gvari da erovneba. batoni anania jafariZem bevri

iRvawa, albaT, yvela, umravlesoba vicnobT mis nawerebs, romelic

dakavSirebuli aris grigonianobasTan. mesame momentidan xazgasasmeli: Cven

yvelam viciT, rogor droSi gvixdeba cxovreba, mas Semdeg, rac meufe anania

movida manglisSi, daiwyo saeklesio aRmSenebloba. aq Cven gveswreba Savnabadas

winamZRvari mama Sio gabriWiZe ... aRdgenili iqna didebuli darbazebi. uamravi

mrevli, Savnabadidan dawyebuli saeklesio aRmSenebloba mimdinareobs sofel

walasyurSi, ukve mwyobrSi Cadga sofel kumisSi ori eklesia, mesamezec daiwyo

mSenebloba da dRes sofel kodaSi vasil barnovis sofelSi didi muSaoba aris

gaCaRebuli. asea, mTel qvemo qarTlSi ... sadac mas uxdeba moRvaweoba. aseve

unda vTqvaT, rom anania jafariZe aris im didebuli gvaris Camomavali,

romelTagan qarTul enciklopediaSi 28 jafariZea Setanili. Cems mier kidev 23

kacia gamovlenili samecniero xarisxis matarebeli. Cven ver avcdebiT

dadgenil wess, didi siamovnebiT xels movawerdi rom baton anania

jafariZesaTvis mieniWebinaT istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi, radganac

am donis wignebi, vambob amas avtoritetulad, arc bevri gagavaCnia. didi

madloba yuradRebisaTvis.

rusudan waqvaZe (mecnieri):

me gaxlavarT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis religiaTmcodneobis

kaTedris docenti da sasuliero akademiis pedagogi rusudan waqvaZe.

pativcemulo sazogadoeba, pativcemulo sabWo, ramdenime weliwadia piradad me

baton ananias wignebiT, imis SromebiT vaswavli Tbilisis saxelmwifo

53

universitetSi qarTuli eklesiiis istorias. aseve sayrdenad Cemi sagnis

swavlebaSi gamoyenebuli maqvs baton vaxtang goilaZis Sroma – qarTuli

eklesiis saTaveebTan. dRevandelma dacvam kidev erTxel aSkarad warmoaCina, Tu

raoden didi pasuxismgeblobis winaSe dgas Cveni saganmanaTleblo sistema,

rodesac mimdinareobs axali Rirebulebis Camoyalibebis procesi. Tavs

uflebas vaZlev pativcemuli sabWos winaSe Semovide winadadebiT Cemi

studentebis saxeliT, sabWom ganaTlebis saministros winaSe daayenos

oficialurad sakiTxi baton ananias mier gamocemuli ori tomis mimarT

saxelmZRvanelo grifis miniWebis Sesaxeb, rac saSualebas mogvcems

oficialurad, ra Tqma unda, Cven isedac viyenebT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelos,

magarm sxva aris, rodesac kidev roca is oficialurad nebadarTuli iqneba

ganaTlebis saministros mier. madlobas mogaxsenebT batono anania Tqveni

muxlCauxreli SromisaTvis, Tqveni sulierobisaTvis aw da maradis Tqveni

sityva darCeniliyos saqarTveloSi.

Tavmjdomare: gmadlobT, sabWo gaiTvaliswinebs Tqvens winadadebas.

fridon sixaruliZe:

baton ananias SromebSi qarTuli eklesiis istoria gaSlilia farTo

marTlmadidebluri samyaros fonze da es naSromSi Zalian kargadaa

warmodgenili. batoni anania Cveni didebuli moRvawea, tanjuli moRvawe, Salva

axalcixelis gzaze rom daayena is kuTxe da gana marto is, aq manglisi,

samsWavlis mflobeli mxare, mTel saqarTveloSi ismis misi xma da moZRvravs

ers. SromaSi kargadaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis didi damsaxureba

saqarTvelos gareT, marto es kmara erT disertaciad. me vuerTdebi aq

gamoTqmul azrs da gisurvebT yovelive kargs.

54

deniza sumbaZe (mecnieri):

didi madloba qalbaton rusudan waqvaZes. man pirdapir brZana, is Sefaseba

romelic am Rvawls ekuTvnis. meufe ananias wignebi gaxlavT ukve saxelmZRvanelo.

mec SemiZlia davamato erTi faqti – petre iberis instrumentis saxelmZRvanelo

gaxlavT qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa. TavisTavad ukve is faqti, rom misi Sromebi

saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebs warmoadgens, gacilebiT ufro mets niSnavs,

vidre romelime samecniero xarisxi, iqneba is sakandidato, iqneba is sadoqtoro. me

minda, rom dRevandeli dRe ar darCes Cveni xmamaRali madlobis gareSe da me minda

giTxraT, rom is istoria, romelsac meufe anania wers, sasuliero piris mier

danaxuli eklesiis istoria ki ar aris mxolod, es aris namdvili saqarTvelos

istoria, romelsac Cven didxans viyaviT moklebuli. minda erTi faqti davasaxelo:

meufe ananiam Tavisi eklesiis istoriaSi axleburad daayena samociquli eklesiis

sakiTxi, es aris sruliad didi damsaxureba meufe ananiasi, es aris SemoqmedebiTi

damokidebuleba istoriisadmi, Tanamedroveobisadmi da aris didi sulieri simamace,

romelic Zalian xSirad ase akliaT Cvens mecnierebs. is faqti, rom ewodeba Cvens

eklesias ~samociqulo eklesia, marTlmadidebeli eklesia~, erovnuli ideologiuri

mniSvneloba aqvs da marto am sakiTxis dayeneba da dasabuTeba imisa, rom Cveni

eklesia samociquloa, ukve niSnavs erTi samecniero Sromis mowodebas, da meore is

udidesi xarvezi, romelic qarTuli eklesiis istorias aqvs, kerZod, andria

mociqulis mimosvlis sakiTxs, me TviTon mowme gaxlavarT. oci wlis win

wakiTxuli literaturiT SemiZlia vTqva amerikaSi gamocemuli literaturiT,

magaliTad lorenski exeba saerTod mociqulTa Rvawls da is mimoxilvas ivane

javaxiSvilis mier Sefasebas, rom andrias, rom andrias ar umogzauria

saqarTveloSi. es Zalian didi nakli gaxlavT, ara mxolod saqarTvelos

istoriisaTvis, aramed saerTod msoflio eklesiis istoriisaTvis, radganac andria

mociquls daaklda is didi Rvawli da madli, romelic saqarTvelos winaSe gaswia

da Tundac ai, am mxaris gamosworeba, am didi damsaxurebis Cveni meufisa, am

disetaciisa, marto amisaTvis mas ekuTvnoda is xarisxi, romelsac eZiebda. kidev

erTi sityva minda SemogkadroT: meuxerxuleba am didi RvawlisaTvis istoriul

mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis miniWeba. es saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebia,

romelic yvela mecniers unda hqondes (taSi).

55

ciala ardaSelia (mwerali, publicisti)

uRrmesi madloba meufe ananias, kargad brZana qalbatonma denizam,

xarisxze arc aris laparaki, uyoymanod unda mieces doqtoris xarisxi, CemTvis

sxva azri ar arsebobs, metis Rirsia.

Tavmjdomare, daviT musxeliSvili (akademikosi):

Cveni sabWos muSaobaSi dRes mniSvnelovani dRea, mniSvnelovani movlenaa,

roca sasuliero piri icavs samecniero xarisxs. sasiamovnoa, rom esaa

saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavari batoni anania jafariZe. es saerTod

mniSvnelovani movlenaa. aq iyo naTqvami, Sua saukuneebSi istorikosebi

ZiriTadad iyvnen sasuliero pirebi, radganac isini iyvnen mwignobari nawili

sazogadoebisa. me minda aRvniSno, rom esaa Sua saukuneebis mimarTeba. amJamad

neba mieciT istorikosebs imoqmedon ara rwmeniT, aramed mecnieruli

faqtorebiT. SeiZleba iyo magram esaa rwmenis sfero da rwmenis sfero araa

mecnierebis sfero. didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno is Sefaseba, romelic

miiRo batonma ananiam specialistebisagan, miuTiTebs, rom man Tavisi

dakisrebuli misia warmatebiT gadaWra, Seasrula is urTulesi amocana,

romelic misgan moiTxovda didi gambedaobas globaluri sakiTxebis gadaWras.

aq laparaki iyo, rom baton ananias miekuTvnos ufro maRali xarisxi, unda

vTqva, rom samwuxarod Cvens sabWos amis kompetencia ara aqvs, es ar aris

biurokratiuli damokidebuleba, saWiroa mTeli procedura, romlis erTi

safexuri gaviareT. meufe Tadeozis azrs davubrundebi, batoni anania mxne

kacia da kidev imuSavebs da kidev SevikribebiT siamovnebiT. aRvniSnav

kidev, radganac saxelmZRvaneloze iyo laparaki, Cven davsvamT am sakiTxs,

am wigniT ukve sargebloben, Tuki saxelmZRvanelos gakeTebaa,

saxelmZRvanelos baton ananiaze ukeT veravin gaakeTebs.

aucilebelia swavleba am wigniT. es problema gadaiWreba. dRevandeli

disertanti aris bednieri SemTxveva, roca rwmena da codna erTmaneTs eTanxmeba,

RmerTma ise qnas safuZveli, romelic meufem Cauyara, ganmtkicdes.

saqarTveloSi adre samRvdeloebas CamoSorda is funqcia, romelic mas hqonda

sazogadoebaSi, meufe ananias saqmianobiT mas ubrundeba es funqcia. pirveli

56

mociquli Tu andria iyo saqarTveloSi, meufe anania aris CvenTan am saqmeSi

(taSi).

gancxadebisaTvis sityvas iTxovs iRumeni Sio.

iRumeni mama Sio:

bednieri var rom es dRe dadga, roca Catexili xidi, romelic iyo

sasuliero da saero sferoTa Soris, aRdga Cveni am SekrebiT. me xSirad

vwuxdebodi, rom adamianebs ar esmiT saeklesio mxare. yovelTvis vcdilobdi am

mxriv gamekeTebina rame da dRes es Tqven gaakeTeT. eris gamamTlianebeli, fexze

damyenebebli aris misi inteligencia, Tqven xarT! me vamayob Cveni

istorikosebiT, yvelani gviyvarxarT da yvelaze vloculobT, da yvelaTi

vamayobT. bednierebi varT, rom dRes TqvenTan var, Cven yvelani gTvliT Cvens

maswavleblad da RmerTma daglocoT am lamazi funqciis tarebisaTvis. me minda

rom rogorc es dRe iyo Zalian bevri sixarulis momniWebeli, minda rom

SemogTavazoT Cvens monasterSi, Savnabadis monasterSi Tqveni stumroba. axla iq

gaCvenebT praqtikulad, razec Tqven aq Teoriulad muSaobT. me vgrZnobdi aq

madlis mosvlas. me bevrjer cremli momdioda Tqvens laparakze, qalbatoni rom

gamovida da sxvebi. me minda meufes vTxovo erTi ram, yvela saqmeSi

aucilebelia Semsrulebeli, Tu ar gavzardeT Semsrulebeli, ar gveqneba

momavali saqarTvelo. me gTxovT istorikosebs, ai, am kuTxiT, rogor

muSaobdnen Cveni winaprebi, ra aris darCenili aqedan, rogor iyo istoriulad,

struqtura, meurneoba, aRzrda da sxva. RmerTma daglocoT da gagaZlieroT.

madloba meufes, rom ase uyvarxarT. Cven yvelani gaRiarebT Tqven Cvens gulSi

doqtorad (mxiaruli xmauri).

Tavmjdomare: batonebo, davamTavroT, iwyeba kenWisyra kenWrisyris

Sedegebs aqveynebs doqtori ilia tabaRua:

ilia tabaRua: pativcemuli batonebo, sul sabWos wevria 16, eswreboda 15.

xma misca 15-ma sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT meufe ananias erTxmad

mieniWa istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi (taSi).

57

daskvna

mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio naSromze saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)

saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis kvleva-Zieba

gansakuTrebiT intensiurad mimdinareobda XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis

dasawyisSi. amis mizezi iyo qarTvel sasuliero da saero mecnierTa survili

daemtkicebinaT ruseTis wminda sinodisa da msoflio sazogadoebisaTvis

ruseTis imperator, aleqsandre I manifestis arakanoniereba, romliTac

administraciuli wesiT gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. qarTvel

avtokefalistTa Tavdauzogavma brZolam Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo 1917 wlis 12

marts saqarTvelos eklesiam daibruna damoukidebloba da Seudga qarTveli

eris cxovrebaSi dakarguli funqciis dabrunebisaTvis brZolas, magram 1921

wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg, roca xelmeored moxda saqarTvelos dapyroba aw

ukve sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze muSaoba

oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo.

qarTul istoriografiaSi bolo samocdaaTi wlis manZilze Tu ram

iwereboda saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze umetesad aTeisturi

poziciebidan. mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis mier sakandidato

disertaciis Temis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ warmodgena

misasalmebelia. igi miznad isaxavs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli am

seriozuli xarvezis aRmofxvras.

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe qarTuli inteleqtualuri

sazogadoebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili. igi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

wminda sinodis wevria, manglisis eparqiis mmarTveli, amave dros presaSi

gamoqveynebuli araerTi saintereso publikaciis avtori. ori aTeuli welia igi

ikvlevs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis problemebs. calke wignebad aqvs

dabeWdili saqarTvelos eklesiis mravaltomeulis ori tomi.

sadisertaciod warmodgenili naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da Tormeti

Tavisagan. Cven ar SevudgebiT TiToeuli Tavis Sinaarsis gadmocemas. SevecdebiT

yuradReba gavamaxviloT naSromis Rirseba naklovanebebze.

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe naSromis pirvel TavSi arkvevs

saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesiis samociqulo saxelwodebis sakiTxs.

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qarTuli da ucxouri wyaroebis safuZvelze akad. iv. javaxiSvilis

Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod asabuTebs andria pirvelwodebulis

mociqulebrivi moRvaweobis realurobas I saukunis egrissa da iberiaSi.

naSromis Rirsebaa isic, rom avtori saintereso Tvalsazriss aviTarebs

III-IV saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis (pirobiTad) uflebrivi mdgomareobis

ierusalim-antioqia-konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebis damokidebulebaze

egrissa da qarTlis samwysoebze.

naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli kavkasiaSi didi saeklesio

ganxeTqilebis sakiTxebi.

avtori dawvrilebiT ganixilavs saqarTvelos gaerTianebis sakiTxebs da

qarTuli eklesiis rols gaerTianebis saqmeSi. aseve sainteresodaa warmoCenili

religiur-konfensiuri problemebi XVI-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, rodesac

qveyana provinciul saqarTveloebad daiSala da daiwyo eklesiuri separatizmi

(samcxis, dasavleT saqarTvelos, mcxeTis sakaTalikozodan gamoyofa)

saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurni ver gaumklavdnen erTis mxriv qveynis samxreT-

dasavleT nawilSi mahmadianobis, grigorianuli qristianobisa da kaTolike

misionerebis propagandas da daiwyo qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis saSineli

procesi. am viTarebaSi marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis SenarCunebas niSnavda.

ar iziarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom kaTalikos-patriarq anton I TiTqos

kaTolikuri cdomileba hqonda.

naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli ruseTis mTavrobis imperialisturi

miznebi saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT, avtokefaliis gauqmeba, rusi

egzarqosebis antieklesiuri saqmianoba. brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad da

avtokefaliis aRdgena.

gvaqvs garkveuli SeniSvnebic:

1. sadavod migvaCnia avtoris Tvalsazrisi V saukuneSi qarTlis

samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sav zRvasa da

md. klisuraze (afxazeTi) ganvrcobis Sesaxeb.

2. avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa afxazTa sakaTalikozos sakiTxi (VIII-X ss.),

rogor moxda saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianebis dros mcxeTis

sakaTalikozos iurisdiqciis gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze, rac

aucilebeli iyo.

59

3. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe didi xnis manZilze muSaobda

saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxebze marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.

misi gamokvleva daedo safuZvlad msoflios sapatriarqosgan saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobas. sasurveli iyo avtoreferatSi

asaxuliyo es sakiTxebi.

es SeniSvnebi odnavac ar Crdilavs naSromis Rirsebebs. sulxan-saba

orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis

istoriis fakultetis samecniero sabWo da saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedra

naSroms afasebs dadebiTad.

istoriis fakultetis dekani

docenti s. vardosaniZe

saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris

gamge, profesori sv. gamsaxurdia

pasuxi wamyvan organizacias

uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis istoriis fakultetis dekans, istoriis

mecnierebaTa kandidats, docent sergo vardosaniZes da amave universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamges profesor svimon gamsaxurdias Cemi

sadisertacio naSromis dadebiTi SefasebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs, mogaxsenebT Semdegs:

1. pativcemul recenzentebs sadavod miaCniaT Cemi Tvalsazrisi imis

Sesaxeb, rom V saukuneSi qarTlis samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos

iurisdiqciis sazRvari Sav zRvamde da mdinare klisuramde afxazeTSi

vrceldeboda.

naSromSi saTanadod maqvs dasabuTebuli, rom uklebriv yvela Zveli

qarTuli saistorio wyaro, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~

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avtorebi, leonti mrovelis, juanSeris, vaxuStis monacemebi sxvadasxvagvari

daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas ar iZlevian.

akademikosi simon janaSia werda: ~juanSeris Sexedulebas, rom qarTlis

mmarTvelis xelisufleba vrceldeboda ara mxolod marto sakuTriv qarTlze,

kaxeTsa da tao-klarjeTze, aramed egriszec, afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramde,

istoriuli marcvali udevs safuZvlad~.

batonma zaza aleqsiZem miuTiTa, rom VII saukunisaTvis SemuSavebuli

zepiri Tu werilobiTi tradicia ~qarTul eklesias mTlianad aRmosavleTisa

da dasavleTis momcvelad warmoadgens~.

ZvelqarTuli wyaroebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTul eklesias, aRmosavleT

da dasavleT saqarTvelos momcvelad warmoadgens IV saukunidanve. SoTa

mesxias TvalsazrisiT, qveynis politikuri erTobis ~yoveli qarTlis~

mTlianobis SegrZneba arsebobda VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde~ (nark. II, gv. 19).

akademikos daviT musxeliSvilis TvalsazrisiT, vaxtang gorgaslis

xanaSi egrisi qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda. axlaxans xelSi Camivarda V saukunis

ruka, Sedgenili baton daviT musxeliSvilis mier, romelSic swored aseTi

politikuri viTarebaa asaxuli.

saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari Tan

gasdevs politikur-administraciuls. am kanonze dayrdnobiT miviCnevT, rom V

saukuneSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos sazRvari gasdevda mematianeTa mier

aRniSnul qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvrebs.

2. pativcemuli recenzentebi aRniSnaven, rom avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa

afxazTa sakaTalikosos sakiTxi (VIII-X saukuneebSi), rogor moxda saqarTvelos

politikuri gaerTianebis dros mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis

gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze.

aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb pativcemul recenzentebs movaxseneb, rom

warmogenili sadisertacio naSromia: `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua

sukuneebSi – XII-XVII saukuneebi~, romelsac win erTvis qarTuli eklesiis

istoriis mimoxilva I-VI saukuneebSi. VI saukunis Semdgomi xana XII saukunemde

disertaciaSi ar aris asaxuli, amitomac arc avtoreferatSi aisaxa. magram,

miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnul saukuneTa didi mniSvnelobis gamo maT Sesaxeb sxva

TavebSi aris saTanado msjeloba. axlaxan gamoica saqarTvelos samociqulo

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eklesiis istoriis II tomi, romelSic aRniSnuli sakiTxi vrclad aris

ganxiluli.

3. pativcemuli recenzentebi mesame SeniSvnaSi aRniSnaven, rom me didi

xnis manZilze vmuSaobdi saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxze

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris, amitomac sasurvelad miiCnies, rom diptixis

sakiTxi asaxuliyo avtoreferatSi.

baton recenzentebs madlobas movaxseneb Cemi naSromis dafasebisaTvis,

diptixis sakiTxze marTlac didxans vmuSaobdi, mis Sesaxeb vrceli msjeloba

maqvs Cemi gamokvlevis II tomSi, rac Seexeba disertacias, masSi marTlac

saTanadod ar aisaxa aRniSnuli sakiTxi, radgan diptixis Temas me mivakuTvneb

XI saukunes – saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis xanas, masze vrclad ar

SevCerebulvar, Tumca aRniSnul sakiTxs vexebi ferara-florenciis saeklesio

krebasTan (1438-1445) dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis XV saukunis

gadmocemisas.

kidev erTxel vmadlob da vlocav pativcemul recenzentebs.

gamoxmaureba

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis istoria~ (t.I, 1996, t.II, 1998)

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

istoriis~ ori tomi avtoris mravalwliani Sromis nayofia. am problemaze bevr

swavluls umuSavia da muSaobs dResac, magram fundamenturi Semajamebeli

monografiis Seqmna mis yovladusamRvdeloesobas xvda wilad.

1845 wlis Semdeg, roca platon ioselianma gamoaqveyna pirveli wigni

saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb, dRemde am xasiaTis naSromebi TiTze

CamosaTvlelia. meufe ananias ortomiani naSromi mniSvnelovnad avsebs am

xarvezs.

avtori problemas farTo masStabiT udgeba. igi saqarTvelos eklesiis

istorias ganixilavs saqarTvelos politikuri orientaciisa da misi

istoriuli ganviTarebis WrilSi. amitomac sakuTriv eklesiis istoriis

sakiTxebis gaSuqebamde igi mimoixilavs qarTveli eris eTnogenezisis, misi

62

gansaxlebis, teritoriuli sazRvrebis, saxelmwifoebriobis, enisa da erovnul

TviTSegnebasTan dakavSirebul mTel rig problemebs, rogorc aucilebel

substrats eklesiis istoriis ConCxis asagebad. am nawilSi avtori avlens

saSur erudicias, rac uadvilebs mas urTules sakiTxebSi garkvevas da kvlevis

swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvas.

erT-erT mniSvnelovan siaxled naSromisa mimaCnia avtoris Tamami, magram

bizantiur kanonikur wyaroebze uryevad dafuZnebuli debuleba, I-II saukuneebSi

anu mociqulTa xanaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb. es

savsebiT Seesabameba Tavdapirvel viTarebas saqristianoSi, vidre qristes

religia saxelmwifo aRmsareblobad gamocxaddeboda.

aseve interess moklebuli ar aris avtoris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom

qarTlis eklesiis erovnul niadagze gadayvana (erovnebiT qarTveli

kaTalikosis arCeva, qarTuli enisaTvis saliteraturo enis statusis miniWeba)

ganpirobebuli iyo sparseTis xelisuflebis mcdelobiT CamoeSorebinaT

qarTli berZnuli gavlenisagan. am gardamtex periods ukavSirebs avtori

asurul diofizit mamaTa Camosvlas, ramac gaaZliera qarTlis eklesiis

winaaRmdegoba somxuri monofizituri eklesiis mimarT. yovelive aman, rogorc

avtori askvnis, xeli Seuwyo saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefalurobis aRdgenas

(da ara mopovebas, rogorc SeiZleba gvefiqra).

ortomian naSromSi bevri saintereso sakiTxia axleburad dayenebuli da

gadawyvetili, bevri faqtobrivi masalaa koncentrirebuli TiToeuli

problemis gadasawyvetad; zogierTi gadawyveta SeiZleba sadaodac gamoCndes,

SeiZleba uzustobebic SevniSnoT, magram calkeuli xarvezebi odnavadac ver

miayenebs Crdils swavluli mRvdelmTavris monumentur naSroms.

es mcire gamoxmaureba, bunebrivia, ver moicavs naSromSi dayenebul

sakiTxTa CamoTvlasac ki. aRar vlaparakobT zogierTi maTganis gamowvlilviT

warmoCenaze. davkmayofildebiT imis aRniSvniT, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis istoria~ samamulo humanitaruli mecnierebis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia,

romelic samagido wigni unda iyos ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed,

sazogadod, qarTuli kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis.

naSromi oTx tomad aris ganzraxuli. es imas niSnavs, rom igi mTlianad

moicavs saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias misi Seqmnidan dRemde. Tumca, unda

iTqvas, rom eklesiis istoria pirobiTi terminia: eklesia maradiuli awmyoa,

63

misi ganviTarebis yoveli etapi yovel awmyoSi anu dResac aqtualobas

inarCunebs. avtori ar aRiqvams am etapebs, rogorc absolutur warsuls. amis

dasturia misi winadadeba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oficialurad

iseve iwodebodes, rogorc mTeli istoriis manZilze iwodeboda: ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesia~, nacvlad ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa~,

romelic namdvilad ar gamoxatavs eklesiis arss istoriul perspeqtivaSi.

saqarTvelos eklesia samociquloa Tavisi warmoSobiT, ramdenadac mociqulebis

– andriasa da simonis garda, rogorc avtori rwmeniT da sabuTianobiT

fiqrobs, qarTveli da qarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebul teritoriaze sxva

mociqulebsac uqadagniaT.

saqarTvelos eklesiis saxelwodebasTan dakavSirebiT mowiwebiT unda

gamovTqva erTi SeniSvna. Tumca Sromis saTaurSi saxelwodebad gatanili

~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, teqstSi xSiria SemTxveva mis Senacvlebisa

~qarTuli eklesiiT~, rac filetizmis Tumca terminologiur, magram mainc

gaumarTlebel gamovlenad mimaCnia. ver gagvamarTlebs is faqti, rom ivane

javaxiSvili Tavis nawerebSi iyenebs termins ~qarTuli eklesia~. qristes eklesia

ar SeiZleba iyos, ~qarTuli~, iseve rogorc ~rusuli~, ~serbuli~ da sxva, aramed

~kaTolike~, rogorc mrwamsSi vkiTxulobT: ~erTi kaTolike da samociqulo

eklesia~. rac Seexeba termins ~berZnuli eklesia~, igi aRmsareblobiTi cnebis

gamomxatvelia da masSi erovnuli berZnuli ar igulisxmeba.

dasasrul, siamovnebiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom meufe anania Cvens

samRvdeloTa Soris erTi im gamonaklisTagania, romelic samwyemsTavro

moRvaweobsTan erTad daucxromelad iRwvis samecniero asparezzec, riTac Cvens

droSi agrZelebs Tavis winamorbed swavlul sasuliero pirTa da

mRvdelTmTavarTa – arseni safarelis, efrem mciris, kaTolikosebis kirionis,

kalistrates da sxvaTa – Rvawls. vusurvebT meufe ananias wamowyebuli Sromis

warmatebiT gansrulebas.

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe naSromisaTvis ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesia~ savsebiT imsaxurebs saZiebel samecniero xarisxs.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori z. kiknaZe

64

ramdenime mosazreba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~

(avtoreferatis mixedviT)

amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ ortomeuli, Tavisi RirsebebiT

warmoadgens qarTuli istoriografiis sayuradRebo SenaZens da mniSvnelovnad

aWarbebs sakandidato disertaciisaTvis wayenebul moTxovnebs.

avtoris umTavresi damsaxureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom man qarTuli,

bizantiuri da zogierTi sxva ucxouri wyaroebis momarjvebiT SeZlo daewera

vrceli gamokvleva qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb.

aseTi naSromis saWiroeba didi xania igrZnoboda da axla SeiZleba Tamamad

iTqvas, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli es xarvezi Sevsebulia. Cven

xelT gvaqvs mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis Sesaferisi gamokvleva, romelic

Tanabrad daainteresebs mkiTxvelebs rogorc sasuliero, ise saero wreebidan.

avtoreferatidanac ki kargad sCans, Tu raoden didi raodenobis

wyaroebi da literatura Seuswavlia disertants. garda amisa, rom es xangrZliv

da Sromatevad muSaobas moiTxovda, saWiro iyo am uamravi masalis ise gaazreba

da ganzogadeba, rom avtors originaluri mkvlevaris pozicia ar daekarga.

meufe anania jafariZem es SesaniSnavad SesZlo da mis wignSi mTeli rigi

paragrafebisa aqamde istoriografiaSi gamouyenebeli masalebis mxolod mis

mier moxmobis Sedegadaa dawerili.

Cems mizans ar Seadgens yvela maTganis aRniSvna am mcire gamoxmaurebaSi.

magram aucileblad mimaCnia erT maTganze mainc SevaCero yuradReba. es gaxlavT

imis dasabuTeba, rom qarTuli eklesia samociquloa da igi Tavidanve iyo

avtokefaluri, ramdenadac ~pirveli eklesiebi daarsebulni mociqulTa mier

iyvnen avtokefalurni erTmaneTis mimarT (gv. 14).

naSromis mTel Sinaars, avtoris kvlevisa da msjelobis maneras da arss

aSkarad etyoba, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ sasuliero

piris dawerilia, igrZnoba saRvTo werilis, saeklesio mwerlobis da saeklesio

krebebis mier SemuSavebuli sjulis kanonebis Rrma codna da TxrobaSi maTi

profesiuli gamoyeneba. es mxarec naSromis mniSvnelovan Rirsebas warmoadgens.

65

cxadia, ase vrceli wignebis dawera xarvezebis gareSe SeuZlebelia,

Tumca Cvenis azriT, mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms arsebiTi

xasiaTis naklovanebani ar axasiaTebs.

survilis saxiT ki gvinda SevniSnoT, rom meored gamocemisas avtorma

meti yuradReba unda miaqcios saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis

problemebs. yoveli ganmazogadebeli saistorio xasiaTis naSromisaTvis es

sakiTxTa sakiTxia. amdenad, gamokvlevis Tavebad saukuneebis gamoyofa, rogorc

es warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromSia mocemuli mTlad gamarTlebulad ver

CaiTvleba. ramdenadac - yvela saukunis dasawyissa Tu dasasruls ar iwyeba da

arc mTavrdeba movlenebi, romlebic SeiZleba niSansvetad gamodges

periodizaciis dros.

rogorc dasawyisSive vTqviT, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe,

warmodgenili naSromiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis

samecniero xarisxs.

quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge,

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori: g. mWedliZe

gamoxmaureba

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi - ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ - vfiqroT, gansakuTrebuli movlenaa qarTul

istoriografiaSi. arsebiTad, esaa pirveli cda - Seiqmnas saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis ganmazogadebeli monografia saistorio mecnierebis

miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ekleiis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleva XIX

saukunis II naxevarSi daiwyo. igi gaaqtiurda saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis periodSi (1905 wlidan). Seiqmna ramdenome

monografia, maT Soris – ganmazogadebeli naSromebic, magram 1917 wlis

66

revoluciis Semdeg am mimarTulebiT muSaoba TiTqmis sruliad Sewyda

aTeisturi reJimis damyarebis Sedegad. ukanasknel xanebSi kvlav ganaxlda

saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxebis kvleva, gamovlinda axali saistorio

masalebi, daiwera ara erTi da ori sayuradRebo monografia, magram

saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmnis

pativi saeklesio moRvawes – mTavarepiskopos ananias xvda wilad. Cveni azriT,

es araa SemTxveviTi movlena, aramed ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelos

eklesiis aRorZinebis naTeli gamoxatuleba. qarTuli eklesia tradiciulad

mecnieruli codnisa da literaturuli Semoqmedebis burji iyo. swavla-

ganaTlebisaTvis zrunva da mecnieruli kvleva eklesias Tavis erT-erT mTavar

funqciad miaCnda. sasixaruloa, rom eklesiis gaaqtiureba, pirvel yovlisa, am

aspeqtiT gamovlinda.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sruli kursis Seqmnis sapatio amocanis

gadawyveta mxlod didi erudiciisa da gaqanebis, titanuri Sromis unaris mqone

mkvlevars SeeZlo, romelsac maRal niWierebasTan erTad, saqmisadmi fanatikuri

siyvaruli da erTguleba unda hqonoda. siamovnebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom

mTavarepiskoposi anania swored aseTi mkvlevari aRmoCnda. Cvens winaSea

monumenturi naSromi, romlis avtori Zvel saistorio wyaroebze da

Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaze dayrdnobiT, detalurad ganixilavs

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs, romelTa mometebuli

nawili axleburadaa gaazrebuli, gamotanilia mravali didmniSvnelovani

daskvna.

eklesiis istoria imdenad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli qveynis politikur

istoriasTan, rom maTi urTierTizolirebuli Seswavla SeuZlebelia. amitom

mTavarepiskoposis ananias naSromSi didi adgili eTmoba qarTuli eris

istoriis yvela didmniSvnelovan sakiTxs. eklesiis istoria warmodgenilia

qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri, eTnikuri, politikuri da kulturuli panoramis

fonze.

aseTma globalurma kvlevam avtors SeaZlebina axleburad gaeazrebina

ara marto sakuTriv eklesiis problematika, aramed qveynis saero istoriac.

wignSi imdeni mecnieruli siaxlea (rogorc hipoTezebisa da calkeul

movlenaTa axleburi interpretaciis, ise mtkice argumentaciaze damyarebuli

67

mtkicebulebis saxiT), rom maTi marto CamoTvla albaT ramdenime aTeul gverds

daikavebda.

avtori xSirad ubrundeba da aRrmavebs wina TavebSi ganxilul sakiTxebs,

axali argumentaciiT asabuTebs adre gamoTqmul debulebebs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom naSromSi Camoyalibebulia araerTi saxelmZRvanelo

debuleba. SemuSavebulia koncefcia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

mociqulebrivi warmomavlobisa, xazgasmulia qarTuli eklesiis roli

qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis aRdgenis, eris zneobrivi amaRlebis,

kulturis aRorZinebis saqmeSi. naSromSi daZleulia araerTi mniSvnelovani

sakiTxis mcdari gadawyvetis stereotipi.

siamovnebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoriis specialuri kursi ramdenime sasuliero da saero saswavlebelSi

ikiTxeba. erT-erTi maTgania Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis

saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universiteti, sadac ukve 6 welia, muSaobs

qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedra. qristianuli kulturis istoriis

specialobis studentTaTvis aq bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis kursi ZiriTadad mTavarepiskopos ananias naSromis

mixedviT ikiTxeba. vfiqrobT, am SesaniSnavi naSromis mniSvneloba

momavalSi ufro ukeT warmoCndeba.

Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis

saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri

universitetis qarTuli qristianuli

kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,

profesori lela xaCiZe

amave kaTedris ufrosi

maswavlebeli eqvTime (Tamaz) koWlamazaSvili

68

recenzia

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenil mTavarepiskoposis

anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria

(Sua saukuneebi)~

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~, Tbilisi 1999, saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi

yvelaze aqtualuri problemis Seswavlisadmi miZRvnil

fundamenturAmonografiul gamokvlevas warmoadgens, originaluri ar viqnebi

Tu vityvi, rom marTlmadidebluri qarTuli eklesia saqarTvelosa da

qarTveli eris gadarCenis mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo da aseTad rCeba dResac.

saukuneTa manZilze qarTul erovnul TviTSegnebas, erovnul TviTmyofadobas,

erovnul Tavmoyvareobas qristianuli eklesia asazrdoebda. qarTuli eklesia

iyo sulierebis is navsayudeli, romelic omebis, sxvadasxva juris

dampyrobelTa Semosevebis Sedegad zogjer srul ganadgurebamde misul

qarTvelobas sicocxlis gagrZelebis survils da ukeTesi momavlis rwmenas

unergavda.

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi udidess saganmanaTleblo kerebs

warmoadgendnen. iqaa swored saZiebeli qarTuli damwerlobis hagiografiuli

da saistorio mwerlobis materialuri da sulieri kulturis saTaveebi.

Tanamedrove etapze qarTuli eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnil seriozul

samecniero gamokvlevebis Seqmnas sruliad gansakuTrebuli, me vityodi,

sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes saqarTvelo

damoukidebeli demokratiuli qveyanaa, romelic cdilobs Tavisi momavali

saxelmwifoebriobis Senoba samarTlebriv safuZvelze aagos, qarTuli eklesia

sakmaod rTuli problemebis winaSe dgas. upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi

maqvs Cvens qveyanaSi sxvadasxva konfesiebisa da marTlmadidebluri

eklesiisadmi sakmaod agresiulad ganwyobili seqtebis momravleba, ramac ar

SeiZleba ziani ar miayenos saqarTvelos sazogadoebis sulier samyaros da

saukuneTa manZilze gamomuSavebul tradiciebsa da Rirebulebebs.

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am viTarebaSi mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis naSromis gamoCena,

romelic saqarTvelos patriarqis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-

kurTxeviTaa STagonebuli, sinaTlis Suqs hgavs, romelmac qveyanaSi arsebuli

sulieri burusi unda gafantos.

sarecenzio naSroms araerTi Rirseba gaaCnia:

upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos misi wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis

simdidre da mravalferovneba. avtori farTod iyenebs ZvelqarTul saistorio

mwerlobas (~moqcevai qarTlisai~-s sxvadasxva redaqciebis), qarTuli

hagiografiis Sedevrebs (~wamebai wmindisai SuSanikisi dedoflisai~,

~martvilobai wmindisa evstaTi mcxeTelisai~, ~wamebai haboisi...~, ~wamebai

yrmaTai ricxviT cxraTa~, ~cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai iovane zedaznelisai~ da

sxva), kanonikuri xasiaTis Zeglebs, msoflio saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs,

mociqulTa kanonebs, eklesiis mamebis epistoleebs, saqarTvelos saeklesio

krebebis kanonebs, Zvel liturgikul Zeglebs, saeklesio iuridiul

dokumentebs, saeklesio kanonikuri kodeqsis qarTul Targmanebs (~didi

sjuliskanoni~ da ~mcire sjuliskanoni~).

sadisertacio gamokvlevaSi sruladaa moxmobili berZnul-laTinuri,

somxurisparsuli da osmaluri werilobiTi wyaroebic. amasTanave

gaTvaliswinebulia bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mopovebuli arqeologiuri

monapovari.

yvela CamoTvlili da sxva am rigis aTeulobiT werilobiT wyaroebs

disertanti istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT moSveliebiT iazrebs.

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe srulad flobs arCeuli sakvlevi

problemis irgvliv dRes arsebul samecniero literaturas. avtori aqac farTo

erudicias da kritikuli analizis misabaZ unars amJRavnebs.

naSromSi STambeWdavadaa warmodgenili qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis

istoria Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli dRemde, efrem mciredan dawyebuli XX

s-is 80-90 wlebSi qarTveli da ucxoeli avtorebis mier Seqmnili samecniero

produqciiT damTavrebuli.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis

sadisertacio gamokvleva qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis axal seriozul etaps

warmoadgens. igi sakvlevi problemis kompleqsuri Seswavlis sanimuSo

magaliTia.

70

miuxedavad imis, rom disertaciis qvesaTaurSi sakvlevi periodi Sua

saukuneebiTaa Semofargluli, Tavad naSromSi qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani

istoria Tanmimdevrulad da sistemuradaa warmodgenili.

bunebrivia, rom ~qarTuli eklesiis istoria (~Sua saukuneebi)~ araerT

sayuradRebo da angariSgasawev siaxles Seicavs. mTavari ki mainc isaa, rom

qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani istoria faqtobrivad pirvelad daiwera.

axalia avtoris mier problemis kvlevis kompleqsuri meTodic. axalia

avtoriseuli argumentebi I-II saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis arsebobis Taobaze.

axalia disertantis msjeloba qarTulSi qristianobis gamocxadebis

garemoebaTa, axali religiisa da sagareo politikuri orientaciis

urTierTmimarTebaTa Sesaxeb. Znelia ar daeTanxmo avtoriseul im axal

Tezasac, romlis Tanaxmadac, qarTuli sazogadoeba zemodan zewolis

miuxedavad, ~Semzadebuli iyo~ IV s-Si oficialur religiad qristianobis

gamocxadebisaTvis. axalia avtoris mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi IV-V ss-Si

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis lokalizaciis Sesaxebac da a. S.

sadisertacio naSromis struqtura savsebiT Seesabameba mis miznebsa da

amocanebs. igi Sedgeba Sesavalis, Tormeti Tavisa da daskvnisagan. naSroms

axlavs sruliad unikaluri danarTi – wmidaTa saxelebi.

mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi

Sinaarsi da debulebebi didi xania, rac farTodaa aprobirebuli Cvens

mkiTxvel sazogadoebaSi. disertantis avtorobiT Seqmnili ortomeuli, 1996-1998

wlebSi gamoqveynebuli ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, imTaviTve

iqca saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis istoriiT dainteresebuli farTo

wreebis samagido wignad. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mTavarepiskoposis iseT

naSromebze, rogoricaa ~qarTveli eris warmoSobis Sesaxeb~, Tb., 1997,

~qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria~, Tb., 1994, narkvevebze ~saingilo~, Tb.,

1998, ~mesxeTi~, Tb., 1998 da sxva avtoriseul gamokvlevebze.

axla Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls SevajamebT, im erTaderT marTebul

daskvnamde mivalT, rom sapaeqrod warmodgenili mTavarepiskoposis anania

jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua

saukuneebi)~, Tbilisi, 1999, warmoadgens konceptualurad mwyobr axal

fundamentur mecnierul gamokvlevas, romelic scildeba sakandidato

71

disertaciisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs da udavod ufro maRal samecniero

xarisxs imsaxurebs.

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli

kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa

da eTnografiis institutis mTavari mecnier

TanamSromeli, qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezis

kompleqsuri Seswavlis saproblemo

jgufis xelmZRvaneli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori n. xazaraZe

Tbilisi, 25 ivnisi 1999 w.

gamoxmaureba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciis

avtoreferatze - ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebi didi xania sxvadasxva Taobis

rogorc qarTvelTa, ise araqarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradRebas imsaxurebs. eklesia

Cveni saxelmwifosa da misi mravalsaukunovani istoriis sisxlxorceuli nawili,

arasodes yofila gulgrili im sazogadoebrivi procesebis mimarT, rasac

periodulad adgili hqonda Cvens istoriaSi. amdenad, ukanaskneli aTwleulis

ganmavlobaSi adamianTa cxovrebaSi momxdarma gardaqmnebma TavisTavad moiTxoves

axleburi damokidebuleba religiuri da saeklesio faseulobebis mimarT. Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mniSvnelovanma siaxleebma Tavi iCina TviT eklesiis

cxovrebaSic, maSin advili gasagebi iqneba saqarTvelos patriarqis uwmindesisa da

unetaresis ilia meoris davaleba sinodis wevrebisadmi moemzadebinaT masalebi

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb

msoflio marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, rac ara marto drouli, aramed imis

maniSnebelic iyo, rom aucileblobidan gamomdinare mecnieruli siaxleebis da

RirebulebaTa gadafasebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Seqmniliyo naSromi, romelic

srulad warmoaCenda saqarTvelos eklesiis did Rvawls qarTveli eris, misi

72

saxelmwifoebriobisa da saerTod msoflio qristianobis istoriaSi. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, pativcemuli disertanti movale iyo gaeTvaliswinebina ara marto is

memkvidreoba, rac arsebobda mecnierebaSi sakvlev sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aramed

Seevso kidec isini dRemde ucnobi masalebiT da aseve sruliad axleburad

warmoeCina rigi sakiTxebisa. amis Sesaxeb kargad aris miTiTebuli avtoreferatSi

(ix. gv. 4. - ~samecniero siaxle~)

pativcemuli disertantis mier muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis

meTodologia da meTodebi mas warmoaCens, rogorc fundamentalur mkvlevars,

xolo misTvis, rogorc istorikosisaTvis, damaxasiaTebeli analitikuri

azrovneba saSualebas aZlevs avtoreferatSi mokled mogvawodos

pirvelwyaroebi, moaxdinos maTi urTierTSejereba da miuxedavad zogierTi

maTganis mimarT mecnierebaSi arsebuli araerTgvarovani damokidebulebisa

Tavisi kritikuli poziciac warmoaCinos.

avtoreferatic ki naTlad gviCvenebs mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

mravalwlian da nayofier Sromas, romlis gareSec ver Seiqmneboda is sqeltaniani

ori tomi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriisa, win rom uswrebdnen

warmodgenil disertacias. orive maTgani aris seriozuli samecniero gamokvleva,

romelic ukve qarTvel mkvlevarTa samagido wignebad gamxdaran.

avtoreferatSi miTiTebuli sakvlev sakiTxTa Tematika iseT speqtrs qmnis,

romelTagan zogierTis gverdis avla avtors, cxadia, SeeZlo, magram dairRveoda

mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa sinqroni, riTac esoden mdidaria referati.

SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos, rom iSviaTia araTu sakandidato, aramed

sadoqtoro disertaciac, romelic Sedgebodes XII Tavisa da 62 paragrafisagan.

marto saTaurebic ki gviCvenebs Tu raoden mravalmxrivia sakvlevi problema.

pativcemuli disertanti Tavisuflad moZraobs rogorc istoriul sivrceebSi,

ise – mravalwaxnagovan problematikaSi da yvela debulebas, daskvnas Sesabamisi

kriteriumebiT warmoaCens. miukerZoeblad unda iTqvas, rom avtoreferati

ganxilul sakiTxTa sisruliT bevrad sWarbobs sakandidato disertacias,

xolo misi avtori warmogvidgeba rogorc mravalmxrivi mkvlevari, romlis

pirovnebaSic SesaniSnavad Serwymula Rrma qristianul-marTlmadidebluri

suliereba, didi patriotizmi da mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli obieqturoba.

73

naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom Cvens mier

misma saxelmZRvanelod gamoyenebam universitetis Teologiis specialobis

studentebTan didi mowoneba daimsaxura.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom pativcemuli

disertanti, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, avtoreferatSi dasmul sakiTxTa

siaxleebiTa da gadawyvetis originalurobiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis

mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxs.

avtoreferatis mimarT gvaqvs erTi SeniSvna sadisertacio naSromis

saTaurTan dakavSirebiT, sadac frCxilebSi miTiTebulia Sua saukuneebi, albaT

ufro upriani iqneboda saTauri Sua saukuneebis miTiTebis gareSe darCeniliyo,

rameTu warmodgenili masala Tavisi masStabiT aRniSnul epoqaSi ar Tavsdeba

da dRevandlamde modis; gvxvdeba oriod teqnikuri Secdomac magaliTad:

apeqtebi (unda iyos aspeqtebi), Semdgenili (Semdgeneli) da sxva.

aRniSnulis miuxedavad, Cveni Sefaseba ucvlelia samecniero xarisxis

miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT.

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi da warmodgenili disertacia

pirveli cdaa im mravalmxrivi kavSirebis aRdgenisa, romelic saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi amTlianebda Cvens qveyanaSi codnasa da rwmenas, ersa da bers,

eklesiasa da saxelmwifos.

pativcemul disertants vusurvebT warmatebebs sasuliero da samecniero

moRvaweobis rTul gzaze.

Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da

eTikis kaTedris docenti r. wiqvaZe

Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da

eTikis kaTedris gamge, profesori T. fanjikiZe

74

recenzia

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom nebismieri qveynis saistorio mecniereba

SeuZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes im qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi sarwmunoebis gareSe,

romelsac misi eri ZvelTagan eziara. aRniSnuli, udavod udgeba qristianuli

sjulis matarebel xalxTa erovnul istoriografiasac, romlis erT-erTi

nimuSic qarTuli istoriuli azrovnebacaa. samwuxarod, nebiT, Tu uneblied

qarTuli istoriografia am kuTxiT seriozuli vakuumis sferoSi moeqca,

amasTan, is valSi aRmoCnda qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesiasa da mis

istoriasTan mimarTebaSi. saamiso mravali mizezi arsebobs: epoqaluri

politikuri kataklizmebi, Sida saxelmwifoebrivi dabneulobani, sasuliero

literaturis friad saxasiaTo Taviseburebani da a.S.

qarTuli qristianuli eklesiis istoriis mecnieruli Seswavla, misi

daxmarebiT rig politikur-ekonomikur, kulturul viTarebebSi garkveva; misi

istoriis obieqturi gaSuqeba qarTvel swavlulTa aucilebel faqtorad

miiCneoda da eWvgareSea, qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriis Seswavlac mis

gareSec odiTgan SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan eklesia, rogorc mZlavri saxelmwifo

organizacia, istoriulad udides rols asrulebda qveynis saSinao, Tu sagareo

politikaSi, misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovnad mamoZravebeli Zala iyo.

mravali saukunis manZilze, qarTuli eklesia gamodioda qveynis

gaerTianebis iniciatorad, saxelmwifos ideologiis mesaWed, is ideologiurad

aerTianebda sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur fenebs, mniSvnelovani dadebiTi

wvlili Sehqonda sazogadoebriv-politikur moZraobebSi, saTaveSi edga eris

kulturul cxovrebas da a.S. albaT, amiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli

eris inteleqtualuri nawili eklesiasTan iyo dakavSirebuli; qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesia odiTgan moazrovne, erisa da qveynis moWirnaxule,

inteleqtualuri fenis samWedlo iyo. swored aq da mis fonze yalibdeba

qarTuli mentalitetic. wlebis manZilze, - mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sabWoTa

periodi – am mimarTulebiT SeZlebisdagvarad mainc keTdeboda sasikeTo saqme.

Tumca, istoriuli materializmisa da uxeSi aTeizmis ganuyofeli batonobis

viTarebaSi eklesiis istoria erT-erT tabudadebul Temad iTvleboda.

75

aseT viTarebaSi, misasalmebelia is faqti, rom qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesia da misi sasuliero krebuli agrZelebs Tavis

istoriul misias, uzrdis ers sasuliero inteligenciis iseT nawils, romelic

erovnul istoriografias moemsaxureba, romelsac zedmiwevniT aqvs gaazrebuli

is faqti, rom SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos istoriis nebismieri periodi

sobieqturi Seswavla eklesiis istoriis metad rTul labirinTebSi garkvevis

gareSe. aseTis SesaniSnavi dasturi gaxlavT sajaro paeqrobaze warmodgenili

mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio monografia ~saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~. sagulisxmoa, rom naSromis mTeli

msvleloba qarTuli eklesiisa da misi samwyos mWidro urTierTobaTa

daxasiaTebis fonze iSleba.

sakvalifikacio naSromis udides Rirsebd migvaCnia is, rom orive

warmodgenili subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebic urTierTSevsebis SesaniSnav

nimuSadaa warmodgenili.

avtori naSromSi ara erT siaxles iZleva: mohyavs saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoriis, rogorc socialuri institutis daarsebis periodizacia; misi

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi da a.S.

sakvlevi Temis qronologiuri CarCo da misi sirTule, agreTve,

wyaroebisa da damxmare literaturis didi moculoba disetantisagan

guldasmiT da bejiT Sromas iTxovda, rogorc naSromis Sinaarsidan,

sqolioebidan da TandarTuli bibliografiidan Cans, mas am mimarTulebiT

muSaobisas mcdeloba ar dauklia. SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom

sadisertacio naSromi am mxriv sanimuSoa. disertantis mecnierul brunvaSi

Semoaqvs didZali wyaroebi da literatura, romelic dRemde nakleb cnobili,

Seswavlili, an sruliad ucnob-ukvlevi iyo.

rac yvelaze sagulisxmoa, disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi eklesiis

istoriis uamravi masalis damorCilebas da mis mecnierul analizs. misi yoveli

debuleba saTanado faqtebiT dasabuTebulia, xolo yoveli movlena

ganzogadebuli. mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT iTqmis, rom samecniero gamokvleva am

mxrivac sanimuSo da misabaZia.

ZiriTadad dasabuTebulad da gamarTlebulad warmoCinda gamokvlevis

arqiteqtonikac. disertants is dauyvia 12 Tavad, naSroms erTvis Sesavali,

daskvniTi nawili, bibliografia da wmindanTa saxelebis vrceli nusxa.

76

sadisertacio naSromi saerTod Sesrulebulia saTanado mecnierul da

meTodologiur doneze, moicavs saintereso da faseul daskvnebsa da

ganzogadoebebs. disertacia dasrulebuli gamokvlevaa da qarTuli

istoriografiis Tanamedrove donis Sesabamisad wyvets mis amocanebs zemoT

dasaxelebul sferoSi. misi ZiriTadi Rirseba isaa, rom kompleqsur xasiaTs

atarebs da monogafiurad aSuqebs Sua saukuneebis xangrZliv periods.

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs

Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi, romlis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa

daZlios sabWour periodSi Seqmnili vakuumi da Seqmnas qarTuli eklesiis

istoria. sruli pasuxismgeblobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is jer-jerobiT

pirveli da erTaderTi gamokvlevaa, romelic umaRles saswavleblebSi

axlad SemoRebuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriis disciplinis

saxelmZRvanelos rols asrulebs. sarecenzio Temis aqtualoba, naSromis

wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis soliduroba, msjelobis argumentuloba,

safuZvliani daskvnebi saSualebas iZleva warmodgenili naSromi dasrulebul

samecniero gamokvlevad miviCnioT, romelic did wvlils Seitans qarTuli

istoriografiis Semdgomi kvlevis saqmeSi.

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis, kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis

kaTedris profesori,

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori qeTevan pavliaSvili

gamoxmaureba

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato naSromze

~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebSi)~

warmodgenili sakvalifikacio Sromis saTauria ~saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)~, Tumca igi faqtobrivad, moicavs

mTlianad saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias ax. w.a. I saukunidan – XX saukunis

CaTvliT. Sromis Sinaarsi gadmocemulia Tormet TavSi. TviToeuli Tavi kidev

moicavs samidan rva paragrafamde.

77

Sromas win uZRvis agreTve Sesavali, romelSic mocemulia eklesiis

istoriis periodizacia, wyaroebis da istoriografiis mimoxilva. bolos ki

darTuli aqvs wmindanTa saxelebi.

disertanti Tavis kvlevaSi iyenebs yvela xelmisawvdom qarTul da

ucxour wyaroebsa da literaturas. amave dros, avtori gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebs berZeni saeklesio mkvlevaris – maqsime sardelis mier

gamocemul masalebs qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb (aTeni, 1966;

rusuli Targmani – 1981 w.).

sakvalifikacio Sromis publikaciebidan da avtoreferatidanac kargad

Cans, rom disertantma gaswia uzarmazari Sroma, raTa uamrav sakiTxTa Soris

SeerCia ZiriTadi, mTavari da mwyobr sistemaSi moeyvana saqarTvelos eklesiis

umdidresi istoria. amasTanave, Sromis mizania aCvenos qarTveli xalxis

sulieri gadarCenisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli Rvawli.

yuradRebas iqcevs avtoris debuleba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia daarsda I-II

saukuneebSi da misi iurisdiqcia im periodSi, aRmosavleT da dasavleT

saqarTvelozec vrceldeboda (avtoreferati, gv. 4).

disertantis damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos, rom man SeZlo Tanabrad,

saqmis codniT, gadmoeca qarTuli eklesiis istoria uZvelesi droidan –

dRemde. aseTi ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmna Zalze did energiasa da Sromas

moiTxovs, rasac disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi.

mis Sromas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.

bunebrivia, aseT mravlismomcvel naSromTan dakavSirebiT, sadavo

debulebebi da sakiTxebic araerTi wamoiWreba.

naSromi warmoadgens mravalwlovani, energiuli gamowvlilviTi kvlevis

Sedegs. igi misaRebia rogorc sakvalifikacio naSromi, xolo misi avtori

imsaxurebs istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatis Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.

q. goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli

institutis, saqarTvelos da msoflio

istoriis kaTedris gamge,

istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori el. mamisTvaliSvili

istoriul mecn. kandidati, docenti v. kiknaZe

78

winaswari daskvna mTavarepiskopos

anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria

(Sua saukuneebi)~

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili naSromis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi~ (XII-

XVIII ss.) avtori saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida sinodis wevri, manglis-

walkis eparqiis mTavrepiskoposia. meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali

monografiis avtoria da mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawisa da mecnier

istorikoss, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli, samecniero sazogadoeba.

anania jafariZis mier istoriis mecnierebaTa samecniero xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenili naSromis vrceli varianti 1996, 1998 wlebSi

gamoqveynda or tomad. dRes gansaxilveli naSromi am ortomiani Sromis mokle

variants warmoadgens.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis aseTi vrceli da

yovlismomcveli gamokvleva pirvelad Seiqmna. am metad saintereso naSromis

avtori, rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi aris kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is Zveli

tradicia, roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli

monografiebis avtorebad gvevlinebodnen.

sakvalifikacio naSromi 12 Tavisagan Sedgeba (TiToeuli Tavi dayofilia

paragrafebad). naSroms darTuli aqvs daskvna. saerTod disertacia

mravalricxovan saistorio wyaroze da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa

Sesrulebuli.

sadisertacio naSromSi dasmuli da ganxiluli sakiTxebi metad

aqtualuria. interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi am bolo wlebSi

gansakuTrebiT gaizarda. TavisTavad cxadia, prosabWour xanaSi aRaraa is

viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiebis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar

CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs (k. kekeliZe, iv. javaxiSvili, b.

lominaZe da sxvani), komunisturi partiis samocdaaTwliani diqtatis xanaSi

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula.

warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT

saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli

saukuneebidan dRemde. masSi dasmuli da ganxiluli yoveli sakiTxi metad

79

aqtualuria da saTanado mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli. yovlive

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sakvalifikacio Temis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobis baza. avtori

Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul da

ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs konkretuli sakiTxis

Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kvlevisas mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier miRebuli zogierTi daskvna

originaluri da yuradsaRebia. yovelive es disertantis mecnierul alRoze da

kvlevis unarze migviTiTebs.

sadisertacio naSroms, romelic ZiriTadad XII-XVIII ss. saqarTvelos

istorias eZRvneba, win uZRvis vrceli istoriuli mimoxilva. yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia IV s-Si saqarTvelos qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad

gamocxadebis sakiTxze. am mcire recenziaSi saSualeba araa vrclad

vilaparakoT disertaciaSi wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, mxolod aRvniSnav, rom

yvela sakiTxi saqarTvelos istoriis fonzea ganxiluli, rac naSroms

sainteresos xdis. disertaciaSi kargadaa warmoCenili qarTuli eklesiis roli

qarTveli xalxis gadarCenisa da TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. rogorc

cnobilia, qarTul saxelmwifosa da qarTvel ers yvelaze mZime xana erTiani

saqarTvelos calkeul samefo-samTavroebad dayofis Semdeg daudga. aseT

Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia ar iviwyebda X s. cnobili saeklesio

moRvawis giorgi merCules anderZismagvar mowodebas: ~qarTlad friadi qveyanai

aRiricxebis, romelsac Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Sewirvis da locvaT yoveli

aResrulebis~. marTlac, am Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia yoveli kuTxis

qarTvels patronobda. sadisertacio naSromSi kvleva ZiriTadad im mxrivaa

warmarTuli, rom jerovnad warmoaCinos saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli

Rvawli qarTveli xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis. naCvenebia, rogor ibrZoda

qarTuli eklesia calkeul ~saqarTveloebad~ danawevrebul qveyanaSi ar

gamqraliyo erTianobis grZnoba.

rogorc naSromSia miTiTebuli, qarTuli eklesia marTalia V s-dan aris

avtokefaluri, magram mas Semdeg rac ruseTis carizmma qarTuli eklesia

ierarqiulad ruseTis sinods dauqvemdebara, qarTulma eklesiam karga xniT

damoukidebloba dakarga. marTalia, 1917 wels aRdgenili avtokefalia

bolosdabolos 1943 wels ruseTis eklesiam cno, magram msoflio anu

80

konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia

dausabuTeblad miaCndaT. sakamaTo iyo qarTuli eklesiis adgili msoflio

marTlmadideblur diptixSi. qarTvel mecnierTa da sasuliero moRvaweTa

erToblivi muSaobiT, saTanado gamokvlevebSi dadasturebuli iqna qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefaloba. am saqmeSi Tavis wvlili Seitana mTavarepiskoposma

anania jafariZem. misi uwmindesobis saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia II-

is didi ZalisxmeviT 1990 wels msoflio patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur avtokefalur eklesiaTa rigSi

myarad gansazRvra saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili. sadisertacio naSromSi am

sakiTxze vrcladaa msjeloba. aRniSnulis garda, sakvalifikacio naSromSi

uamravi sakiTxia axleburad dasmuli da ganxiluli. marTalia, SesaZloa

disertantis mier gamoTqmuli yvela mosazreba saTanado doneze ar iyos

dasabuTebuli, zogi daskvna ar gaiziaro, magram maT arsebobis ufleba aqvT.

yovelive Tqmuli safuZvels maZlevs aRvniSno, rom mTavarepiskopos anania

jafariZis naSromi saTanado mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli. avtori

uyoymanod imsaxurebs Ziebul xarisxs.

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa

da EeTnografiis institutis

saqarTvelos Suasaukuneebis ganyofilebis

ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli e. kaWarava