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saqarTvelos konfliqtebSi progresis
mokle vadaSi miRwevis gegma
angariSis avtorebi:
kori uelti, jorj vaSingtonis universiteti
samuel Carapi, amerikis progresis centri
qarTuli teqstis redaqtori: Sorena lorTqifaniZe. konfliqtebisa da
molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centri
angariSis qarTuli Targmani momzadda da gamoica konfliqtebisa da
molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centris (Tbilisi, saqarTvelo) mier,
fridrix ebertis fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
2
angariSis Sesaxeb
Tqvens xelT arsebuli dokumenti warmoadgens amerikis progresis centris
mier momzadebuli angariSis: `amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis politika
saqarTvelos konfliqtebis mimarT~, Semoklebul variants, dokumenti 2011
wlis TebervalSi momzadda (ix. inglisuri versia veb gverdze
http://ampr.gs/georgiaconflicts). kvlevis avtorebma 2010 wlis dekemberSi
imogzaures regionSi, moskovsa da TbilisSi Sexvdnen oficialur pirebsa da
mTavrobis mrCevlebs, damoukidebel eqspertebsa da aSS-s saelCos
warmomadgenlebs saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi. TbilisSi avtorebi esaubrnen
parlamentarebs, saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs,
aseve evrokavSiris monitoringis misiis wevrebs. aseve moinaxules
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier kontrolirebuli teritoriebi konfliqtis
zonis sazRvarTan, Sexvdnen evrokavSiris monitoringis misiis warmomadgenlebs
gorsa da zugdidSi. esaubrnen adgilobriv oficialur pirebsa da iZulebiT
gadaadgilebul adamianebs. angariSi swored am interviuebze dayrdnobiT
momzadda.
avtorebis Sesaxeb
samuel Carapi – amerikis progres centris ruseTisa da evraziis kvleviTi
centris direqtori, (amerikis progresis centri warmoadgens kvleviT
organizacias vaSingtonSi). samuel Carapis kvlevis sferos warmoadgens Sida
politika, politekonomia, post-sabWoTa qveynebis sagareo politika, da
amerikis politika post-sabWoTa sivrceSi.
samuli wers sxvadasxva gamocemisaTvis: “The Washington Quarterly”, ”International Herald Tribune”, “Current History”, “The Guardian”,”Washington Post”, “New York Times.”
samuel Caraps aqvs oqsfordis universitetis doqtoris xarisxi politikur
mecnierebaSi da magistris xarisxi ruseTisa da evropul kvlevebSi.
bakalavris xarisxi miiRo amherstis kolejSi (masaCusetsi). muSaobda
moskovis karnegis centrSi da kievis politikis kvlevis saerTaSoriso
centrSi. fulbraitis stipendiiT mivlinebuli iyo moskovis saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis institutSi. aseve muSaobda nato-s samekavSireo ofisSi kievSi.
kori uelti – jorj vaSingtonis universitetis saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis eliotis skolis, evropuli, ruseTisa da evraziuli kvlevebis
institutis asocirebuli direqtori da profesori. evraziuli politikis,
konfliqtebisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis (gansakuTrebiT kavkasiis
regionis) specialisti, eliotis skolaSi aswavlis ruseTis, evraziisa da
samxreT kavkasiis istorias, usafrTxoebasa da politikas.
kori avtoria ramdenime kvlevis konfliqtebis gadawyvetis, transsasazRvro
usafrTxoebisa da saqarTveloSi politikuri cvlilebebis Sesaxeb. igi
3
muSaobs mravali mimarulebiT: masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis
gauvrcelebloba, demokratizacia, sagareo politika. kori 2007-2009 wlebSi iyo jorjtaunis universitetis evraziis
strategiuli proeqtis asocirebuli direqtori, xolo 2009 wlidan
direqtori. kori uelti flobs masaCusetsis teqnologiuri universitetis
doqtoris xarisxs politikur mecnierebaSi, stenfordis universitetis
magistrisa da bakalavris xarisxs politikur mecnierebaSi.
samadlobeli
angariSis momzadebaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis Cvens kolegebs, romelTac
TavianTi komentarebiTa da rCevebiT mniSvnelovnad gaamdidres kvleva.
gansakuTrebuli madloba mTavrobebsa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebs,
romelTac Cvens mraval kiTxvas pasuxi gasces. kvlevis momzadebaSi
mniSvnelovani monawileoba miiRes kvlevis asistentebma: hana vanhauzma, iulia
filinovikam, da vailder balardma. didi madloba gvsurs gadavuxadoT
konfliqtebisa da molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviT centrs qarTuli
versiis gamocemisaTvis da fridrix ebertis fonds qarTuli gamocemis
finansuri mxardaWerisaTvis. aseve Sorena lorTqifaniZes kvlevis
redaqtirebisaTvis.
4
avtorebis winasityvaoba angariSis qarTuli gamocemisaTvis
qarTuli konfliqtebi (rogorc cnobilia arsebobs sami urTierdakavSirebuli
konfliqti: qarTul-rusuli, qarTul-afxazuri da qarTul-osuri)
principuli sakiTxebis gagebis TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTisagan metad
gansxvavdeba. principul sakiTxebSi vgulisxmobT – saqarTvelos sazRvrebis
ganlagebis Sesaxeb dava, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis statusi, cecxlis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb medvedev-sarkozis SeTanxmebis pirobebis formulireba, aseve
ruseTis samxedro ganayofebis saqarTvelos teritoriaze yofnis kanonierebis
sakiTxi da bolos, konfliqtis mxareebis gansazRvra.
es gamyofi xazebi yvelasTvis kargad aris cnobili. am pirobebSi rogor unda
miaRwios saqarTvelom Tavis miznebs – konfliqtebis gadawyveta, afxazeTisa
da samxreT oseTis saqarTveloSi reintegracia, ruseT-saqarTvelos
urTierTobebis normalizacia, da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis
aRdgena. Cveni azriT, am procesSi yvelaze efeqturi gza iqneba, Tu moxdeba
fokusireba mxareebs Soris arsebul saerTo safuZvlebsa da interesebze.
da ra aris es saerTo safuZveli, saerTo interesi? miuxedavad, mxareebs
Soris arsebuli mravali uTanxmoebisa, TiToeulma maTganma sajarod dado
piroba, rom ar dauSvebs regionSi sisxlisRvris ganaxlebas. es niSnavs, rom
maT aerTianebT konfliqtis prevenciisa da ndobis mSeneblobis interesebi.
aRniSnul angariSSi Cven gTavazobT gegmas, romelic warmoadgens erTgvar
nabijebs imisaTvis, rom ar moxdes Zaladobis ganaxleba, ukeTesobisaken
Seicvalos konfliqtebisagan dazaralebuli adamianebis cxovreba da Seiqmnas
ndobis atmosfero. arc erTi am nabijTagani ar aiZulebs saqarTvelos
mTavrobas principul sakiTxebze Secvalos Tavisi pozicia: sazRvrebis
ganlageba, samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis statusi, ruseTis samxedroebis
arakononieri yofna saqarTvelos teritoriaze. magram es nabijebi aseve
SesaZlebelia, rom ganxorcieldes imitom, rom aseve ar avaldebulebs sxva
mxareebs poziciebi Seicvalon.
Cveni rekomendaciebi saSualebas iZleva Seqmnas pirobebi grZelvadiani
procesisaTvis, romelic saSualebas miscems yvela mxares gadaxedos Tavis
poziciebs. Cven vfiqrobT, rom saqarTvelos kargi SesaZlebloba eZleva miiRos
is, rac surs, Tu daanaxebs mxareebs, rom saqarTvelos survili maT
interesebs emTxveva.
5
komentari angariSis qarTuli gamocemisaTvis
siamovnebiT vwer komentars Carapisa da ueltis kvlevaze, radgan maTi
naSromis ZiriTadi arsi didwilad emTxveva afxazebisa da qarTvelebis
erToblivi momavlis Sesaxeb Cems pirad xedvas da warmodgenebs. sasiamovnoa,
rom afxazebs da qarTvelebs saerTaSoriso saeqsperto sazogdoebaSi
megobrebic gvyavs, visac politikuri da adamianuri TanagrZnoba aqvs am
problemis mimarT. sisxlisRvris, ukadrebelis kadrebis, siZulvilis da
autaneli adamianuri tragediis ocwlianma warsulma afxazebi da qarTvelebi
unda dagvafiqros mTavarze – morCilad gavyvebiT politikuri
TviTmkvlelobis dinebas, Tu gavbedavT bedis ukuRmarTobas avumxedrdeT
iseTive JiniT, rogoriTac erTmaneTs davupirispirdiT.
2004-2005 wlebSi mZime realobis Secvlis istoriuli Sansi gaCnda. Tbilisis
da soxumis politikur liderebs gvqonda sazogadoebis iseTi maRali ndoba,
rom gabeduli politikuri gadawyvetilebebi migveRo. mtrobis mere yvelaze
didi gambedaoba erTmaneTisTvis ndobis gamocxadebaa da saamiso pirveli
nabijebi gadavdgiT kidec. qarTvelebs da afxazebs erTmaneTi axlidan unda
gagvecno, imitom rom Zalian SevicvaleT orive sazogadoeba. gaxsnili
administraciuli sazRvrebi, sazogadoebebis izolaciidan gamoyvana da
erToblivi saerTaSoriso savaWro, Tu infastruqturuli proeqtebis dawyeba
amis safuZveli unda gamxdariyo. magram ratomRac isev Cveuli samxedro
ritorika da movlenebis daZabva varCieT. aseTi politikuri mouwifebloba da
iaraRis JRaruni Zvirad dagvijda.
Seiqmna axali saerTaSoriso realoba, romelic ase ikiTxeba: samxedro
dapirispireba aRar moxdeba, saerTaSoriso araRiarebis politika ar
Seicvleba. es realoba orive mxarisTvis gansxvavebul saafrTxeebs Seicavs da
amave dros SesaZleblobebs aCens.
1992-93 wlebSi omgamovlil afxazebs da qarTvelebs sikvdilis SiSi ise ar
gvaqvs, rogorc erTad cxovrebis. gansakuTrebuli vaJkacoba dagvWirdeba am
SiSis dasaZlevad. ufro didi vaJkacoba dagvWirdeba, rom Cvens mier
dangreuli urTierTobis Semdeg dabadebul Tu am wlebis Semdeg wamozrdil
Taobas, romelTac erTmaneTisTvis arasdros araferi uwyeninebiaT, Sansi
mivceT mtrobis gareSe, erToblivad aSenon TavianTi Rirseuli da Tanabari
momavali. me mgonia, amdeni wlis mere gaucxoebulma ufrosma Taobamac
erTmaneTis Tavidan gacnobiT unda daviwyoT momavalze fiqri. sakmarisi
ndobis, gambedaobis da keTilgonierebis safuZvelze adamianebs sakuTari
momavlis Secvla namdvilad SegviZlia.
maqvs safuZveli mjerodes, rom afxazebs da qarTvelebs gveyofa vaJkacoba da
vaRiarebT erTamenTis mimarT Cadenil danaSauls, daviviwyebT mizezebis sxvagan
Zebnas da saerTo, axali momavlis Senebas movkidebT xels.
irakli Aalasania
17 aprili, 2011
Tbilisi
6
ratom dadga progresisaTvis Sesaferisi dro
2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg saqarTvelos konfliqtebis Sesaxeb ori
azri Camoyalibda. pirvels icaven aSS-is mTavroba, saqarTvelos mTavroba,
evrokavSiri da danarCeni saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba. meores ruseTi, afxazeTi
da samxreT oseTi, naurusTan, venesuelasTan da nikaraguasTan erTad. am
banakebis poziciebi afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis statusis, saqarTvelos
sazRvrebis mdebareobis da cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebis xasiaTis - kerZod,
ruseTis mxridan misi Sesrulebis - sakiTxebis Sesaxeb erTmaneTisagan
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian. am gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebis arsi da
TiToeuli maTganis mxardamWeri monawilis raodenoba garkveulia da, naklebad
savaraudoa, drois mokle an saSualo monakveTSi Seicvalos.
pirveli jgufi afxazeTs da samxreT oseTs ganixilavs, rogorc saqarTvelos
saerTaSorisod aRiarebul sazRvrebSi moqceul qveynebs. isini aseve acxadeben,
rom ruseTi, rogorc cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebaze xelmomweri qveyana,
valdebulia daabrunos misi jarebi omamdel poziciebze da Seamciros isini
omamdel ricxovnobamde da uzrunvelyos afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi (maTi
statusis miuxedavad) humanitaruli daxmarebis daubrkolebeli daSveba. isini
rusi samxedroebis afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi arsebuli saxiT yofnas
ganixilaven rogorc teritoriis mflobeli qveynis Tanxmobis principis
darRvevas da, Sesabamisad, rogorc ukanonos.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis samarTlebrivi pozicia da ritorika ufro Sors
midis, romlis Tanaxmad teritoriebze rusi samxedroebis nebismieri formiT
yofna dauSvebelia, magram igi aseve Tanaxmaa konfliqtis mogvarebis procesTan 1dakavSirebiT ganixilos Sualeduri gadawyvetilebebi.
meore jgufi afxazeTs da samxreT oseTs ganixilavs rogorc damoukidebel
saxelmwifoebs da acxadebs, rom saqarTvelos saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli
sazRvrebi konfliqtebis xazidan iwyeba.
cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebasTan dakavSirebiT, ruseTis oficialuri pirebi
xazgasmiT gamoyofen sam sakiTxs: pirvel rigSi, isini protests gamoTqvamen im
faqtis gamo, rom teqsti, romelzec isini Tavdapirvelad SeTanxmdnen,
Secvlili iqna saqarTvelos prezidentis mixeil saakaSvilis daJinebuli
moTxovniT. amoRebuli iqna afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis momavali statusis
saerTaSoriso doneze ganxilvis piroba? (ramac, maTi gancxadebiT, maT
aRiarebisken ubiZga) da aseve preambula, romlis Tanaxmad, cecxlis SewyvetiT
gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi unda miiRon `Sesabamisma mxareebma”, rac, maTi
1 interviu ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrTan sergei lavrovTan,
`komersanti,” 11 ivnisi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1385578
7
interpretaciiT imis damamtkicebeli sabuTia, rom ruseTi konfliqtis mxared
Tavs arasodes Tvlida. meores mxriv, maTi gancxadebiT, maT bolomde
Seasrules SeTanxmeba. jarebi, romlebic saomar moqmedebebSi monawileobdnen,
gavidnen – maT ubralod axali jarebi Caenacvlnen. dasasruls, maTi
gancxadebiT, dokuments xeli moewera im msoflioSi, sadac afxazeTis da
samxreT oseTis `damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi”, romlebsac amJamad ruseTTan
dadebuli aqvT xelSekrulebebi bazebis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobda. maTi mtkicebiT,
is msoflio ukve aRar arsebobs.
ruseTis xelisuflebis mier afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis aRiarebis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebis miRebisTanave, moskovi saerTaSoriso doneze Seecada
analogiuri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad sxva qveynebic daeyoliebina.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam dauyonebliv miiRo kontrzomebi am zewolis
winaaRmdeg, romelic cnobili gaxda `suverenuli diplomatiis” saxiT.2 maT
miiRes kanoni okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb, romlis mizani, nawilobriv,
iyo is, rom aseTi aRiarebis arCevani sxva qveynebisTvis naklebad mimzidveli
yofiliyo.
magram saqarTvelo aseve Seecada mieRo dapirebebi misi partniorebisagan da
megobrebisagan, rom maTi mxardaWera misi poziciis mimarT ucvleli iyo. aSS-
is xelisuflebam saqarTvelos aRniSnul mcdelobaSi Zlieri diplomatiuri
mxardaWera aRmouCina. man kidev erTxel sajarod ganacxada misi ganzraxvis
Sesaxeb arasodes aRiarebina afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi damoukidebel
saxelmwifoebad da mis partniorebsac daJinebiT mouwoda igive gaekeTebinaT.
man garkveviT ganmarta rom sxva saxelmwifoebis mxridan aRiareba
vaSingtonTan maT urTierTobebs daazaralebda.
ruseTis mcdeloba saocrad Caflavda. man isic ki ver moaxerxa, rom misi
mokavSireebi daerwmunebina mis magaliTisaTvis miebaZaT. saqmes isic
arTulebda, rom mis mier am saqmisTvis savaraudod gadmosabirebeli qveynebis
nusxa moskovs uxerxulobaSi ayenebda. sxvadasxva wyaroebis Tanaxmad, ruseTma
suverenuli diplomatiis proeqtis ganxorcielebaze xeli Caiqnia.
aseTi warumatebloba da saqarTvelos mxridan ufro meti dajerebuloba, rom
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba aseT moTxovnebs uariT upasuxebda, mokle vadaSi
SesaZlo progresis miRwevis safuZvels iZleva. miuxedavad imisa, rom CvenTvis
ufro sasurveli iqneboda meore jgufis azri pirveli jgufis azrs
damTxveoda, aSkaraa, rom es axlo momavalSi ar moxdeba, rac ar unda
ganacxados an moimoqmedos pirvelma jgufma. aseve aSkaraa, rom es Cixia. isic
2 aleqsander quli da linkoln a. mitCeli, `urTierToba aRiarebis gareSe:
axali strategia afxazeTis da evraziis araRiarebuli saxelmwifoebis
mimarT,“ Washington Quarterly 33 (4) (2010): 59-73, ix. bmulze: http://www.twq.com/10october/docs/10oct_Cooley_Mitchell.pdf
8
naklebad savaraudoa, rom meore jgufi axlo momavalSi ricxobrivad
gaizardos.
amasTan erTad, yvela mxares aqvs stimuli konstruqciuli zomebis misaRebad.
moskovSi bevri mivida im daskvnamde, rom status kvo ruseTs problemebs
uqmnis. es simarTlea imaT SemTxvevaSic ki, visac miaCnia, rom 2008 wlis
agvistoSi samxedro Careva aucilebeli iyo.
maT mier moyvanili mizezebi gansxvavebulia. zogierTi maTgani aRiarebs im
zians, rasac igi ruseTis mier sagareo politikaSi progresis miRwevis
SesaZleblobebs ayenebs. status kvo aseve `Sebrkolebis lods” warmoadgens
amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan, evrokavSirTan da mis wevr saxelmwifoebTan
orimxriv urTierTobebSic. igi xels uSlis ruseTs miaRwios mis miznebs
mTel rig sakiTxebSi, dawyebuli euTo-s reformiT - bolo samitze saboloo
dokumentis miReba saqarTvelos konfliqtebis gamo kinaRam CaiSala - da
damTavrebuli misi xedviT evropis usafrTxoebis xelSekrulebasTan
dakavSirebiT.
aRniSnulis Sedegad, am sakiTxis moskovSi dayenebis dros aSkarad igrZnoba
daRliloba im imedgacruebasTan erTad, romelic saqarTvelos mxridan
ruseTis reputaciisaTvis Cirqis mocxebis seriozul mcdelobebs ukavSirdeba.
ruseTis is moqalaqeebic ki, romlebsac arsebuli uTanxmoeba gansakuTrebiT
ar aRelvebT, SeSfoTebulebi arian imiT, rom omis Semdgomma rekonstruqciis
proeqtebma samxreT oseTi ruseTis biujetis Sav xvrelad gadaaqcia,
miuxedavad mravalricxovani maRali donis vizitebisa, adgilobriv
xelisuflebaSi ruseTis moqalaqeebis daniSvnisa, saSuamavlo saqmianobis
amkrZalavi dadgenilebebis miRebisa da sxva sabujeto kontrolis zomebisa.
MaRZrulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi da mimdinareobs auditebi rogorc
ruseTis aseve samxreT oseTis im uwyebebTan (samTavrobo da komerciuli)
dakavSirebiT, romlebsac moskovis mier rekonstruqciisTvis gamoyofili
milionobiT maneTis moparvaSi adanaSauleben.3
aseve dRiTidRe izrdeba afxazeTis xelisuflebis maRali eSelonebis
warmomadgenelTa uTanxmoeba moskovTan. istoriulad, afxazebs arasodes
hqoniaT didi simpatiebi ruseTis mimarT. Mmecxramete saukuneSi misi
mosaxleobis naxevarze meti ruseTis imperiis armiam qveynidan gaaZeva. maT
3 euTo-Si amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis misiis gancxadeba `saqarTvelos
afxazeTis regionSi arCevnebis Sesaxeb,” marina perevozkina “Кокоити против Челябинских”, `moskovski komsomoleci” 18 maisi, 2010w., ix. veb-gverdze: http://www.mk.ru/politics/article/2010/05/18/491603-kokoytyiprotiv-quotchelyabinskihquot.html; «Прокуратура Южной Осетии и РФ назвали фирмы, ворующие деньги на восстановление,” `regnum,” 27 seqtemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.regnum.ru/news/1329421.html.
9
axlandel xelisuflebas imedi hqonda, rom 2008 wlis agvistos Semdeg
WeSmarit, da ara vasalur, damoukideblobas moipovebdnen.
erT-erTi bolo uTanxmoeba dakavSirebuli iyo im rusebisTvis qonebis
dabrunebasTan, romelTa gancxadebiT maTi qoneba afxazeTis xelisuflebam
miiTvisa. am rusebis erTma jgufma sagareo saqmeTa saministrosac ki uCivla
imis gamo, rom man maTi sakuTrebis uflebis dacva ver moaxerxa4. pirveli
sarCelis daukmayofileblobis Semdeg jgufma ganacxada da daimuqra, rom Tu
ruseTis samarTaldamcavi sistema maT uflebebs ar daicavda, isini evropis
adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlos mimarTavdnen.
adgilobriv mediasTan sajaro diskusiebSi afxazeTSi ruseTis “elCic”
mosawileobda. erT-erT farTod tiraJirebul statiaSi gamoiTqmuli iyo
pretenzia, rom afxazeTi ruseTis Sida problemebis, kerZod, korufciis
`importiT” iyo dakavebuli. statiis Tanaxmad, `afxazeTis da ruseTis
Tanaarseboba inficirebul partniorTan sqesobriv kavSirs gavs.”5
aseTi daZabuloba moskovisTvis warmoadgens stumuls Secvalos aRniSnuli
status kvo, xolo afxazeTis xelisuflebisTvis ufro seriozul motivacias,
raTa man mimarTos gare monawileebs, Tundac saqarTvelos,–sakiTxis
politikuri mogvarebisTvis Tu ara, ruseTisagan mosalodneli safrTxeebisagan
Tavdasacavad mainc.
amasTan erTad, ramdenad paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, ruseTis samxedro
Zalebis yofna samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis xelisuflebas aZlevs ukeTes
SesaZleblobebs monawileoba miiRon konfliqtis mogvarebaSi, radgan amis
Sedegad aRmofxvrilia SiSis grZnoba saqarTvelos mxridan maTze
mosalodneli ganmeorebiT Tavdasxmisa.
gansxvavebuli toni igZnoba TbilisSic. 2010 wels saqarTvelos xelisuflebam
afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan mSvidobiani urTierTobis yovlismomcveli
politika SeimuSava. igi Seicavs mTel rig iniciativebs, romlebic
statusisagan da rusi samxedroebis yofnasTan dakavSirebuli
uTanxmoebebisagan calke konteqstSi ganixileba. 2010 wlis 23 noembers,
prezidentma saakaSvilma ganacxada, rom `saqarTvelo arasodes gamoiyenebs
4 giorgi lomsaZe, `rusi binis mflobelebis brZola ruseTis saxelmwifosTan
afxazeTis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebiT,” evrazianet.org, 17 seqtemberi, 2010w.,
ix. bmulze: http://www.eurasianet.org/node/61957 ix. agreTve: vladimir vorsobini,
`Первые плоды независимости: Абхазы забирают квартиру у Русских,” komsomolskaia
pravda, 7 seqtemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://kp.ru/print/article/24553/729388. 5 aSra smi, `Конец терпению” 21 noemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze http://akhrensky.livejournal.com/75451.html.
10
Zalas misi teritoriuli mTlianobis da suverenitetis aRsadgenad.”6 man aseve
gaakeTa gancxadebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom igi mzad aris daiwyos ruseTTan
dialogi: `Tu ruseTi gamoiCens keTil nebas da survils molaparakebebis
dasawyebad, saqarTvelo mzad aris dialogisTvis nebismier dros da nebismier
doneze.”7
omma da rusi samxedroebis yofnam daangria saqarTvelos iluziebi afxazeTis
da samxreT oseTis Zalis gamoyenebiT dabrunebis Sesaxeb. amave dros,
sazogadoebis mxardaWera saakaSvilis da misi erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis
mimarT 2008 wlis bolos 2009 wlis momdevno periodTan SedarebiT
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. prezidenti maRali reitingiT sargeblobs, erTian
nacionalur moZraobas ki saqarTveloSi wamyvani politikuri partiis pozicia
ukavia, rogorc misi mravalricxovani saparlamento umravlesobis, aseve
sociologiur gamokiTxvebSi mis oponentebze mniSvnelovani upiratesobis
mopovebis kuTxiT.8 amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis oficialuri
pirebis gancxadebiT, maT aRar hgoniaT, rom rusi samxedroebi axlo momavalSi
kvlav gadmolaxaven konfliqtis xazebs ruseTis mxridan sistematurad
gakeTebuli im provokaciuli gancxadebebis miuxedavadac ki, romlebic
afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi samxedro formirebebis ganlagebas exeba.
ruseTSic da saqarTveloSic, rac dro gadis, miT ufro naklebad SeimCneva
iracionaluri da mtruli ganwyobilebebi erTmaneTis mimarT, rac 2008
wlis agvistos oms axlda. magaliTad, saqarTvelos oficialuri pirebis
gancxadebiT, gasul wels, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier saqarTveloSi
policiis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli warmatebuli reformebisadmi miZRvnil
ordRian seminarze dasaswrebad TbilisSi Camovidnen ruseTis arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis eqspertebi, romlebic ruseTis prezidentis administraciisTvis
analitikur samuSaoebs asruleben (bolo Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis
prezidentma policiis sferoSi mniSvnelovani reformebis ganxorcieleba
daiwyo). saqarTvelos policiis reformebi aseve dadebiTad gaSuqda rusul
mediaSic, maT Soris saxelmwifo mediaSic.9
6 saqarTvelos prezidentis mimarTva evroparlamentis wevrebisadmi,” 23
noemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.president.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=228&info_id=5857. 7 giorgi dvali, `Грузия готова поменяться шпионами с монстром,” `komersanti,” 11 noemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1536453. 8 grinberg quinlen rozneris esmi-sTvis Catarebuli da avtorebisaTvis
gadacemuli kvlevis monacemebi. 9 `Грузинский опыт реформы МВД, ria-novosti, 22 seqtemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.rian.ru/investigation/20100922/278068474.html; `ria-novostis” interviu vano merabiSvilTan, 6 oqtomberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze:
11
rusuli avtomoyvarulebis Jurnalis erTi nomeri mTlianad mieZRvna
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli administraciuli reformebis pozitiur
gavlenas mZRolebze, maT Soris sazRvrebis kontrolirebul da organizebul
gadakveTas, sagzao policiaSi korupciis ararsebobas da saqarTvelos Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros mier operatiulad gacemul marTvis mowmobebs.10 statia
Seicavs ilustrirebul CanarTs saTauriT: `rogor aviRe Cemi qarTuli
marTvis mowmoba,” sadac aRniSnulia Tu ramdenad sasiamovno iyo, rom
yvelaferi qrTamis gadaxdis gareSe mogvarda.11
sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba
saqarTvelos konfliqtis specifiuri xasiaTi damatebiT sirTules qmnis
konfliqtis prevenciis saqmeSi. prevenciuli reJimis efeqturobis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT unda mogvardes e.w. sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi
mosaxleobis adamianis usafrTxoebis problemebi.
yvela konfliqtis zona rodi moicavs sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovreb
mosaxleobas. magaliTad, koreis demilitizirebul zonaSi samxedro
sademarkacio xazis TiToeul mxares mxolod erTi soflis arsebobaa
nebadarTuli. am SemTxvevaSic ki, CrdiloeTiT mdebare dasaxleba savaraudod
mosaxleobisagan daclilia, xolo samxreTiT mdebare qalaqis daaxloebiT
200 macxovrebels sasazRvro xazTan axlos gadaadgilebis arc saSualeba da
arc mizezi ar gaaCniaT.
aRniSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis konfliqtis
xazebis gasvwriv arsebuli teritoriebze cxovrobs sami erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli mosaxleoba, romlebic am xazebs regularulad gadakveTen.
pirveli warmoadgens afxazeTis galis raionis, ZiriTadad qarTuli erovnebis
mosaxleobas, romelTa raodenoba Seadgens 40 000-s da isini damokidebulebi
http://rian.ru/interview/20101006/282841663.html; ren-tivi-s programa `nedeli”, 15 maisi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMV1AjNR0mQ; ren-tivis programa `reportiorskie istorii” 5 dekemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzWjFjJZ-ks 10 avtoreviu # 21, 2010w., ix. veb-gverdze: http://www.autoreview. ru/_archive/section/detail.php?SECTION_ID=2217&ELEMENT_ID=74631&PAGEN_1=2. 11 mixail podoroJanski, `Как я получил Грузинские права,” avtoreviu # 21,
2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.autoreview.ru/_archive/section/detail.php?SECTION_ID=2217&ELEMENT_ID=74759.
12
arian mezobel samegrelos regionTan ekonomiur da socialur kontaqtebze,
gansakuTrebiT mosavlis aRebis sezonis dros. mravali galis yofili
macxovrebeli dasaxlda samegreloSi da intensiuri urTierToba aqvs saxlTan
da galSi mcxovreb ojaxebTan.
sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis meore jgufi moicavs ZiriTadad
axalgoris 7000 mosaxles da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs, romelsac
amJamad samxreT oseTis xelisufleba akontrolebs. cxinvalisagan mas yofs
qedi, romelic faqtiurad miudgomeli iyo iqamde, sanam bolo TveebSi rusi
samxedroebi iq gzas ar aaSenebdnen. 2008 wlis omamde axalgori ZiriTadad
qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT Tbiliss
eqvemdebareboda, Tumca, sabWoTa periodSi igi samxreT oseTis nawils
Seadgenda. amJamad, am mosaxleobis didi nawili, raionis gareT, iZulebiT
gadaadgilebul pirTaTvis gankuTvnil banakebSi cxovrobs, magram mravali
maTgani TavianTi saxlebis da qonebis mosanaxuleblad xSirad ukan brundeba.
dasasruls, sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis mesame jgufi,
romelic moicavs im soflebisa da raionebis mosaxleobas, romlebic
ganlagebulni arian samxreT oseTis konfliqtis xazis gaswvriv orive mxares
da romlebsac xSirad uwevT am xazis gadakveTa maTi yoveldRiuri saqmianobis
procesSi.12 arsebobs daaxloebi 30-mde gza da biliki samxreT oseTSi
Sesvlisa da gamosvlisTvis. konfliqtis xazis ukiduresi samxreT nawilis
gaswvriv arsebuli SemSvebi punqtebi faqtiurad SeuzRudavia.
12 calke xelmowerili cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebebis dednis skanirebuli
pirebi, ixileT: saqarTveloSi momxdar konfliqtTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis
damdgeni damoukidebeli saerTaSoriso misiis angariSi, ”angariSi, tomi III”
(2009), ix. bmulze: http://www.ceiig.ch/pdf/IIFFMCG_Volume_III.pdf, p. 588, 591–592.
13
bavSvebi sofel ergneTSi TamaSoben samxreT oseTis konfliqtis xazze
angariSis avtorebis foto
progresis mokle vadaSi miRwevis gegma
saqarTvelos konfliqtebSi monawile mxareebs Zireulad gansxvavebuli
warmodgena aqvT principul sakiTxebze, dawyebuli saqarTvelos sazRvrebis
mdebareobiT da afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis statusiT da damTavrebuli
medvedev-sarkozis cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebiT, rusi samxedroebis yofniT
da `konfliqtis mxareebis~ definiciiTac ki. Sesabamisad, konfliqtTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT maTi dainteresebac mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia.
maTi sajaro gancxadebebidan gamomdinare, maT yvelas minimum erTi saerTo
interesi gaaCniaT: ganaxlebuli SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Tavidan acileba
regionSi. marTlac, Zalis gamoyenebis ganaxleba saSineli Sedegebis momtani
iqneba, rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve saerTaSoriso masStabiT. aqedan
gamomdinare, konfliqtis mogvarebis efeqturi meqanizmis SemuSaveba yvela
mxarisaTvis prioritetuli sakiTxia.
kerZod, mxareebma unda SeimuSaon progresis mokle vadaSi miRwevis gegma,
romelic fokusirebuli iqneba konfliqtis prevenciaze da ndobis
ganmtkicebaze - miznebze, romlebic yvelas interesebSia. amave dros, gegmis
ganxorcieleba ar gulisxmobs mxareebis mier TavianTi gansxvavebuli
poziciebis gadaxedvas.
14
gegma, romelic omis Semdgom progress efuZneba, sami erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli ZiriTad komponentisagan Sedegeba, romlebic dawvrilebiT
qvemoT aris ganxiluli:
• ruseTis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Zalis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb
valdebulebis aReba;
• saqarTvelos mTavrobas da afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis xelisuflebebs
Soris ormxrivi xelSekrulebebis dadeba humanitaruli da adamianis
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis mogvarebis mizniT;
• cvlilebebis Setana saqarTvelos da ruseTis im arsebul politikaSi,
romelic xels uSlis konfliqtis mogvarebas.
axla, Cven TiToeul am komponents rigrigobiT detalurad ganvixilavT.
ruseTis mier Zalis gamouyenebloba
ruseTma unda gaakeTos calmxrivi gancxadeba noemberSi prezident saakaSvilis
mier Zalis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli gancxadebis sapasuxod. es
yvela mxares daarwmunebs, rom ruseTs ar aqvs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Zalis
kvlav gamoyenebis ganzraxva. ruseTs am mokrZalebuli nabijis gadadgma
samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis statusTan da saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan
dakavSirebiT sakuTari poziciebis daTmobis gareSe SeuZlia, da Tanac
konfliqtis monawile mxared sakuTari Tavis aRiarebis gareSec ki.
zemoxsenebuli qmedebiT igi kidev erTxel daadasturebs mis ukve arsebul
valdebulebebs Zalis argamoyenebis Sesaxeb sxva qveynebis winaaRmdeg, maT
Soris maT winaaRmdeg, romlebsac 1990 wlis parizis qartia axali
veropisTvis muxlebi iTvaliswineben da romlis monawileebi ruseTi da
saqarTveloc arian: “gaerTianebuli erebis qartiiT da helsinkis saboloo
aqtiT gansazRvruli Cveni valdebulebebis Sesabamisad, Cven ganmeorebiT vdebT
pirobas, rom Tavs SevikavebT romelime qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis an
politikuri damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyenebis muqarisgan an
Zalis gamoyenebisgan.13“ qarTvelebi savaraudod ar daeTanxmebian aRniSnul
formulirebas, magram mzad iqnebian aseTi gancxadeba miiCnion winsvlad.
am gancxadebis safuZvelze, ruseTma Sesabamisad unda Secvalos Zalis
gamoyenebis pozicia samxreT oseTSi. saqarTvelos SeSfoTebis aSkara
xelSemwyob faqtors samxreT oseTSi Sori moqmedebis saraketo sistemis
13 `parizis qartia axali evropisaTvis,“ ix. bmulze: http://www.osce.org/mc/39516
15
(smerCi da toCka-U) ganTavseba warmoadgens, romelsac SeuZlia Tbiliss
nebismier dros miayenos dartyma. amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi xazgasmiT aRniSnaven im safrTxes, romelic gamowveulia
ruseTis mier samxreT oseTSi im samxedro nawilebisa da SeiaraRebis
ricxovnobis gazrdiT romlebic maRali mobilurobiT gamoirCevian, da,
Sesabamisad, mxolod swrafi saieriSo SetevisTvis gamoiyeneba. ruseTma unda Seamciros swrafi SeteviTi teqnikis, tankebis da operatorebis
raodenoba, romlebic samxreT oseTSi avanpostebze arian ganlagebulni, an
minimum gadaiyvanos isini samxreT oseTis CrdiloeT nawilSi mdebare ZiriTad
bazaze, rac ruseTis Tavdacvisunarianobas ar Seasustebs. momavalSi, moskovma
unda gaiTvaliswinos iq ganTavsebuli zogierTi sabrZolo sajariso nawilis
arasabrZolo personaliT Canacvleba.
Sori moqmedebis artileriis ganTavseba samxreT oseTSi mxolod zrdis
safrTxes saqarTvelos mimarT, samxreT oseTis usafrTxoebis gaZlierebis
gareSe. am drois ganmavlobaSi, samxreT oseTSi SeiaraRebis zrdis Sesaxeb
meti gamWirvaloba mniSvnelovani wingadadgmuli nabiji iqneba.
ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi
ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi Zalis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb am etapze zedmetia da
naklebad efeqturia. saboloo jamSi, maT ver SeZles adre ganxorcielebuli
Zaladobis aqtebis SeCereba. arsebuli calmxrivi valdebulebebi progresis
sakmaris winapirobebad unda CaiTvalos, gansakuTrebiT imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom isini ruseTis mier aris SemoTavazebuli. is faqti, rom samxreT oseTis
mxridan jer kidev adgili aqvs ormxrivi SeTanxmebebis Sesaxeb mowodebebs,
mowmobs imas, rom isini iTxoven dokuments, romelic gamoxatavs maTi
damoukideblobis usityvo dadasturebas, an - radgan ician, rom aseTi
dokumentebi TbilisisTvis miuRebelia - iqneba gasamarTlebeli mizezi
imisaTvis, rom ar iqonion saqarTvelosTan imaze meti urTierToba, vidre es
amJamad arsebuli SezRuduli formatiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
arsebobs kidev erTi mizezi imisa, Tu ratom unda cdilobdnen afxazeTis da
samxreT oseTis xelisuflebebi miaRwion ormxriv SeTanxmebas saqarTvelos
xelisuflebasTan: aseTi SeTanxmebebi iqneboda niSani imisa, rom saqarTvelo
mzad aris aRiaros afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi ara rogorc damoukidebeli
saxelmwifoebi, aramed rogorc faqtiuri politikuri erTeulebi da
monawileebi. ormxrivi SeTanxmebebis mniSvneloba Zalis gamouyeneblobis
garantiebisTvis mdgomareobs ara im dapirebebSi, romlebic am
xelSekrulebebiT iqneba gansazRvruli, aramed imaSi, rom maTze xelismomweri
saqarTvelo iqneba.
16
ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi principulad SesaZlebelia. maTi Sedgena advilad
SeiZleba ise, rom igi ar gulisxmobdes afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis
damoukideblobis cnobas, xolo saqarTvelos xelisufleba ar unda iyos
winaaRmdegi moaweros xeli xelSekrulebebs maTTan, visac isini normalur
viTarebaSi regionebis avtonomiur xelisuflebebad CaTvlidnen. sinamdvileSi,
rogorc saqarTvelos xelisuflebis oficialurma warmomadgenlebma
mogvaxsenes, Sesabamisi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, isini ar gamoricxaven
afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebebis xelmoweras.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo strategia samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis mimarT
aseve iTvaliswinebs komunikacias da urTierTqmedebas marTvel
xelisuflebasTan.
ormxrivi SeTanxmebebis miRwevis gzaze, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs dabrkolebebi.
saqarTvelos kanoni okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb samxreT oseTis da
afxazeTis xelisuflebas, dRes arsebuli SemadgenlobiT, cnobs ukanonod,
xolo maT qmedebebs baTilad da samarTlebriv Sedegmoklebulad. SeTanxmebebma
am sakiTxs gverdi unda auaron.
ormxrivi SeTanxmeba samxreT oseTTan gansakuTrebiT rTulia. amis mizezebi
mravalia, kerZod: mtruli damokidebuleba gamowveuli 2008 wlis omiT da
saqarTvelos mier cxinvalis dabombviT; cecxlis Sewyvetis Semdgomi eTnikuri
wmenda da qarTuli soflebis ganadgureba; urTierTobebis seriozuli daZabva
konfliqtis xazis orive mxares; saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli azri imis
Sesaxeb rom ruseTis xelisuflebas samxreT oseTze gacilebiT ufro didi
gavlena aqvT, vidre afxazeTze; da is faqti, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba
jer kidev oficialurad ar cnobs samxreT oseTs TviTmarTvelobis subieqtad.
(misi statusi gauqmda 1990 wels, saqarTvelos damoukideblobamde).
miuxedavad amisa, zemoT aRniSnuli problemebi ar aris gadaulaxavi da
mxareTa dokumentebs SeiZleba hqondeT msgavsi struqturebi da miznebi. am
dokumentebis saSualebiT unda moxdes Zalis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb
arsebuli valdebulebebis aRiareba, Tumca maT ar eqnebaT Zalis
gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebis statusi. isini aseve SeiZleba
sargeblobdnen neitraluri statusiT da ar hqondeT saerTaSoriso samarTlis
Zala, aramed warmoadgendnen `ormxriv deklaraciebs~ xelmowerils
saxelmwifo meTaurze dabali Tanamdebobis piris, savaraudod, premier
ministris doneze.
maTi konkretuli amocanebi erTmaneTisagan unda gansxvavebodes. afxazeTis
SemTxvevaSi, dokumentSi ZiriTadi aqcenti unda gakeTdes sazRvris gadakveTis
reJimis legalizaciasa da gamartivebaze, galis mosaxleobisTvis mainc. igi
aseve gaxdeba safuZveli galSi humanitaruli damkvireblebis ganTavsebisTvis
ormxrivi mzadyofnisTvis ise, rom ar moxdes mxareebis mier gansxvavebulad
interpretirebuli eqvs punqtiani cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebis da arsebuli
evrokavSiris sadamkvireblo misiis mandatis SezRudva.
17
samxreT oseTis SemTxvevaSi, dokumentSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba ZiriTadad,
magram ara mxolod, axalgorze. masSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba axalgoris
mosaxleobisTvis sazRvris gadakveTis reJimis Semdgomi gamartivebis da,
gansakuTrebiT, xeobis mosaxleobis samudamod dabrunebisaTvis aucilebeli
pirobebis Seqmnis da aseve saerTaSorio humanitaruli damkvireblebis
ganTavsebis valdebulebebi. dokumentSi aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sxva
elementaruli transsasazRvro humanitaruli sakiTxebi, maT Soris sazRvris
SezRudul reJimSi gadakveTis wertilebSi `Seuferxeblad gatarebis`
politika, wylis resursebis marTva da urTierTganawileba da jandacviTi
momsaxureba.
afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan dakavSirebiT, aRniSnuli dokumentebi
daadastureben saqarTvelos mier adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, rogorc
politikuri subieqtebis da praqtikuli partniorebis aRiarebas. maT aseve
SeuZliaT afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis mosaxleoba daarwmunon, rom
saqarTvelo WeSmaritad mxars uWers konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvarebis
process da afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis sazogadoebebs Soris urTierTobas.
saboloo jamSi, dokumentebi orive mxares aZlevs saSualebas aRiWurvon
maTdami daqvemdebarebuli mosaxleobis uflebebis dacvis garantebis
rwmunebebiT.
saqarTvelosTvis, es dokumentebi iqneba damatebiTi damadasturebeli sabuTi
misi gulwrfelobisa da keTili nebisa mSvidobiani urTierTobis strategiis
mimarTulebiT da momavalSi ufro intensiuri TanamSromlobis praqtikuli
safuZveli. isini aseve xels Seuwyoben galis da axalgoris raionebis
mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli pirobebis da usafrTxoebis gaumjobesebas da
safuZvels Cauyrian gadaadgilebis TavisuflebasTan da iZulebiT
gadaadgilebul pirebis dabrunebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ufro farTo
speqtris mogvarebas.
sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis adamianis usafrTxoebis
moTxovnebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania da progresis miRwevis mizniT
mogvarebas saWiroebs. Cven mas ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT iqamde, sanam
maTi mogvarebisTvis aucilebel dokumentebTan dakavSirebul rekomendaciebze
gadavidodeT.
sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis adamianuri usafrTxoebis
moTxovnebi
sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobiT dasaxlebuli samive teritoriis
amJamad arsebuli sazRvris gadakveTis reJimis da galis da axalgoris
administraciuli mowyobidan gamomdinare es mosaxleoba gadaadgilebis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvis pirobebSic ki mowyvladi da daucveli rCeba. am or
18
raionSi mosaxleobis da konfliqtis xazze myofi rusi, afxazi da osi
mesazRvreebis urTierToba garkveulwilad dastabilurda, magram mainc
Zaladobisa da uflebebis borotad gamoyenebis potenciur safrTxeebs Seicavs.
mdinare engurze arsebuli ruxis xidis ZiriTadi gadasasvleliT sargebloba
galis mosaxlobis didi nawilisTvis sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli,
amitom isini cdiloben sazRvris xazi sxva wertilebSi gadakveTon. es
ukanonoa afxazeTis xelisuflebis da im rusi mesazRvreebis azriT, visac maT
am gadakveTebis marTvis uflebamosileba gadaabares - da maTi kolegebisTvis
samxreT oseTidan. maT, vinc ase iqceva, Zaladobis, dakavebis, dapatimrebis,
Cxrekis da jarimebis safrTxe emuqrebaT.
arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebi ar
mimarTaven adekvatur zomebs imisaTvis, rom galis yvela macxovrebelma
miiRos sazRvris gadakveTis nebarTva, rac kidev ufro zrdis maT
daucvelobas. adgilobrivebis gancxadebiT, sazRvarze garantirebuli
usafrTxo gadakveTa maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania. maTi TqmiT, erTaderT
oficialur gamSveb punqtSic sabaJo procedurebi aralegalurad
xorcieldeba, rac gzas uxsnis TviTnebobas da Zaladobas. ganzraxulia
damatebiT kidev oTxi gadasasvlelis mowyoba, or-oris ruxis xidis TiToeul
mxares, magram maTi gaxsnis oficialuri TariRi ucnobia.
axalgorSi mdebare Ria gamSvebi punqti xeobaSi Sesasvleli erTaderTi gzaa.
arsebuli informaciiT, wesebis dacvis gamWirvaloba aqac iseve irRveva da
iseTive TviTneboba da maRali gadasaxadebia, rogorc ruxis xidis
gadasasvlelze. saqarTvelos mxares xeobaSi saqonlis Setanaze oficialuri
SezRudvebi jer kidev ar dauwesebia.
dasasruls, im soflebis macxovreblebi, romlebic samxreT oseTis
konfliqtis xazis momijnaved cxovroben, sakuTari qonebis, mindvrebis da
saqonlis monaxulebis dros yovel dRe dakavebis riskze midian. maTze
negatiur zemoqmedebas axdens agreTve sazRvris meore mxares, smenadobis
arealSi sitematurad mimdinare sabrZolo wvrTnebi.14 konfliqtis xazebis
gaswvriv mdebare yvela teritoriaze kvlav adgili aqvs, Tumca naklebi
sixSiriT, Zaladobriv `incidentebs~ dawyebuli qonebis qurdobiT da
damTavrebuli adamianebis motacebebiT da afeTqebebiT, maT Soris naRmebis.
konfliqtebi, romlebSic adgilobrivi mosaxleoba monawileobs, SesaZloa
gadaizardos ZaladobaSi da gamoiwvios SeairaRebuli eskalaciis provocireba.
galSi adre mowyobili Tavdasxmebi, afxazebis gancxadebiT, qarTvelebis mier
mowyobili diversiebis Sedegia. arsebobs Teoriuli safrTxe, rom analogiuri
SeiZleba axalgorSic ganmeordes. saqarTvelo, Tavis mxriv, afxazeTis
14 evrokavSiris sadamkvireblo misiis goris savele ofisis oficialuri
warmomadgenlebi, interviu avtorebTan.
19
xelisuflebas galis mosaxleobis daSinebis mizniT Zaladobis aqtebis
organizebaSi adanaSaulebs. 2010 wlis dekemberSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobam
minimum galis erTi macxovrebeli daapatimra da or danarCenze Zebna
gamoacxada im braldebiT, rom isini TbilisSi diversiis aqtebis mowyobis
mizniT saqarTveloSi bazirebul rus samxedro oficerTan TanamSromlobdnen.
amrigad, miuxedavad imisa, rom gadaadgilebis SezRuduli Tavisuflebis
miniWebisTvis mxareebis mzadyofna Seqebis Rirsia, am principis ganxorcielebis
kuTxiT gasakeTebeli kidev bevria. Sedegad, SesaZloa miviRoT situacia,
romelic gamoiwvevs seriozuli masStabis incidentebs da konfliqtebs.
gadaadgilebis TviTneburma akrZalvam, adgilobriv mosaxleobas da
ndobadakargul xelisuflebas Soris gaumWvirvale urTierTobam da
sazRvrispira zonaSi Cadenilma daSaulebebma SesaZloa gamoiwvion Zaladoba,
romlebsac, saboloo jamSi, SesaZloa Sedegad mowodebebi Zalis aSkara
gamoyenebasa da ZirgamomTxreli saqmianobisaken.15
amasTan erTad, mosaxleoba mowyvladia im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac igi sazRvarze
incidentis gareSe gadadis an sakuTari saxlis teritoriaze imyofeba. isini
galis da axalgoris adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxridan Zaladobis, maT
sakuTrebis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli gaurkvevlobis da ekonomiuri
siduxWiris msxverpli xdebian. orive regionis mosaxleobas dakarguli aqvs
ndoba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier maTi ZiriTadi adamianis uflebebis
dacvis mimarT da galis macxovreblebs aSkarad CamorTmeuli aqvT politikuri
uflebebi (xelisufleba maT saarCevno uflebaze uars eubneba). erTma
iZulebiT gadaadgilebulma pirma axalgoridan avtorebs ganucxada, rom
adgilobrivma xelisuflebam mas sakuTari sargeblobis mizniT bina waarTva.
qalaq axalgorSi arsebul saxlebs ar miewodebaT bunebrivi airi, ris gamoc
am regionidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisTvis TavianT saxlebSi
samudamod dabrunebis perspeqtova naklebad momxiblavia.
dasasruls, samxreT oseTis konfliqtis xazis mimdebare saqarTvelos
mosaxleobas samxreT oseTis xelisuflebam wylis miwodeba Seuwyvita,
romelsac Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli hqonda wyali saqarTvelosTvis mieyida,
magram mas Semdeg igi sapasuxod axalgorisTvis gazis miwodebas moiTxovs.16
15 malte vifhauzi da deivid vudi, `cxovreba sazRvris xazze: Sida qarTlis
usafrTxoebis momavali“ (londoni: seifuorld, 2010) ix. Bmulze: http://www.saferworld.org.uk/downloads/pubdocs/Life%20on%20the%20boundary%20line%20REV.pdf 16 moiTxovs Tu ara amas samxreT oseTi, darwmunebulia ra, rom saqarTvelo
amas ver gaakeTebs, an gaauqmebs Tu ara igi dabrunebasTan dakavSirebul
dabrkolebebs, raTa aCvenos, rom samxreT oseTis xelisuflebis reJimis
pirobebSi cxovreba gamarTlebulia, gaurkvevelia.
20
cxinvaliს xedi
angariSis avtorebis foto
humanitaruli monitoringi
mimdinareobs dava imis Sesaxeb DSesaZlebelia Tu ara evrokavSiris
sadamkvireblo misiis saqarTveloSi (esmi) afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi
ganlageba. evrokavSiri cecxlis Sewyvetis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis
zomebis Tanaxmad romelic evrokavSirs Zalis gamouyeneblobis garantad
miiCnevs, esmi-s pasuxismgeblobebs ganmartavs, rogorc samxreT oseTsa da
afxazeTSi sadamkvireblo saqmianobis ganxorcielebas. Seasabamisad, esmi-s
oficialuri mandati iTvaliswinebs `mxareTa qmedebebze samoqalaqo
monitorings, maT Soris eqvspunqtian SeTanxmebasTan da Semdgomi
ganxorcielebis zomebis xelSekrulebasTan srul Sesabamisobas saqarTvelos
mTel teritoriaze~.17 – xazgasma misaTiTebelia, ar Cans...
17 esmi-s mandatis safuZvels warmoadgens: sabWos erToblivi moqmedeba
2008/736 saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris sadamkvireblo misiis 2008 wlis 15
seqtembris saerTo sagareo da usafrTxoebis politika (CFSP), ix. bmulze: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:248:0026:0031:EN:PDF
21
ruseTi, samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis xelisuflebebTan erTad esmi-s
sadamkvireblo misiis samxreT oseTSi da afxazeTSi Sesvlas ewinaaRmdegeba.
maTi gancxadebiT, cecxlis Sewyvetis xelSekrulebis mandati garkveviT
iTvaliswinebs evrokavSiris yofnas konfliqtis zonebis mxolod saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mier kontrolirebad mxareze.18
aRniSnuli uTanxmoebis miuxedavad, yvela mxare dainteresebulia obieqturi
monitoringiT, romelic gaakontrolebs adamianis uflebebis da sazRvrispira
zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis adamianis usafrTxoebis dacvas da xels
Seuwyobs usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli provokaciebis an umniSvnelo
konfliqtebis SesaZlo eskalacias. arcerT mxares ar ZaluZs am miznebis
damoukideblad miRweva.
ormxrivma SeTanxmebebma unda uzrunvelyon esmi-s galSi da axalgorSi
daSveba, magram es unda moxdes ise, rom man ar gamoiwvios mxareTa uTanxmoeba
misiis arsebuli mandatis irgvliv. es axali amocanebis winaSe daayenebs
arsebul obieqtur damkvirebels – romelic amJamad msgavs movaleobebs
konfliqtis xazis orive mxares asrulebs.
aseTi daSveba, savaraudod, mxareTa sruli ndobis pirobebSi moxdeba, Tu mas
etapobrivi xasiaTi eqneba. galSi da axalgorSi ganxorcielebuli calkeuli
sadamkvireblo vizitebi – savaraudod am mizniT pirdapir evropidan
Camofrenili damkvireblebis mier – SesaZloa gagrZeldes periodulad
dagegmili vizitebis, regularuli monitoringis daSvebis da, sabolood,
adgilobrivi sakontaqto jgufebis Camoyalibebis saxiT.
naklebad savaraudoa, rom galSi da axalgorSi dislocirebuli rusi
samxedroebi da mesazRvreebi esmi-s TavianT obieqtebze dauSveben. amitom,
SeTanxmebebSi aRniSnuli unda oyos, rom SeuiaraRebeli damkvireblebis am
teritoriebze yofnis erTaderTi mizani adgilobriv mosaxleobaze da ara
samxedro obieqtebze dakvirvebaa. amasTan erTad, es SeTanxmebebi unda
iTvaliswinebdes urTirTgagebis memorandumis gaformebas smi-s da adgilebze
ritoriaze dislocirebul rus samxedro meTaurebs Soris. igi iqneba msgavsi
imisa, rac esmi-m saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa da Tavdacvis saministroebTan
gaaforma, romelSic zustad aris gansazRvruli damkvireblebis uflebebi.
rac mTavaria, rogorc Cans, esmi-m Tavisi orwliani obieqturi da gamWirvale
saqmianobis Sedegad rusi samxedroebis ndoba moipova. es Zalzed
mniSvnelovania, radgan, rogorc wesi, rusi samxedroebi uniformian
evropelebs sifrTxiliT ekidebian, gansakuTrebiT ruseTis sazRvrebis axlos.
18 grigori karasini, 2008 wlis 2 dekembris gazeT `izvestiis” statiis Targmani, ix veb-gverdze: http://www.mid.ru/Brp_4.nsf/arh/C52E5FBF13FC3FE7C3257523003F9F4F?OpenDocument.
22
ormxriv SeTanxmebebTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi
mxareebma unda SeimuSaon ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi, romlebSic gaTvaliswinebuli
iqneba zemoxsenebul sazRvrispira zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis da
humanitarul monitoringTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
pirobebi unda moicavdes Semdegs:
• mxareebi nebas darTaven galis da axalgoris macxovreblebs Tavisuflad
gadakveTon gamSvebi punqtebi. nebarTvebi, maTi gacemis SemTxvevaSi, iqneba
usasyidlo da advilad misaRebi – rogorc qalaq galSi da axalgorSi,
aseve gamSveb punqtebSic;
• mxareebi SeimuSaveben koordinirebul `ubaJo~ reJimebs gansazRvruli
raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo da samomxmareblo saqonlis
transportirebaze galsa da axalgorSi da ukan;
• moxdeba gadakveTis procedurebis legalizeba da TvalsaCino adgilze
gamokvra gamSveb punqtebSi da dasaxlebul centrebSi
• konfliqtis xazis orive mxareze mdebare soflebis mosaxleobas,
romlebic SemTxveviT gadavlen sazRvris meore mxares, ufleba eqnebaT
daubrundnen TavianT sacxovrebel adgils dakavebis an jarimebis gareSe
• ufro intensiuri xasiaTi eqneba konfliqtebis prevenciis da ndobis
gaZlierebis mizniT mowyobil incidentebis prevenciis da regirebis
meqanizmebisadmi miZRvnil Sexvedrebs
• afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis xelisuflebebi Tavs Seikaveben
konfliqtis xazis axlos sabrZolo wvrTnebis Catarebisagan
• evrokavSiris sadamkvireblo misia daSvebuli iqneba galSi da axalgorSi
humanitaruli misiebis gansaxorcieleblad. damkvireblebis daSveba
ganxorcieldeba etapobrivad, dawyebuli damkvireblebis pirdapir
evropidan CamoyvaniT. bolo etapze, orive regionSi gaixsneba
sadamkvireblo ofisebi.
afxazeTi
• gaixsneba damatebiTi gamSvebi punqtebi galSi Sesasvlelad da
gamosasvlelad
samxreT oseTi
• nebadarTuli iqneba rogorc sazRvris kontrolirebadi gadakveTebi
qorwinebebis, dakrZalvebis da sxva socialuri RonisZiebebis Catarebis,
aseve regularuli gadakveTebi gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis
gawevis mizniT
• samxreT oseTis xelisufleba aRudgens wylis miwodebas konfliqtis
xazis mimdebared mcxovreb mosaxleobas. saerTaSoriso daxmarebis
safuZvelze ganaxldeba zonkaris kaSxalis sareabilitacio samuSaoebi
samxreT oseTSi
23
• saqarTvelos mTavroba prioritetulad moaxdens garigebas axalgoris
mosaxleobisTvis bunebrivi airis miwodebis Sesaxeb
• daculi iqneba sakuTrebis uflebebi axalgorSi
Semdgomi ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi
zemoT aRwerilia droebiTi rekomendaciebi humanitaruli situaciis
Semsubuqebisa da konfliqtis mxareebs Soris arsebuli SezRuduli
urTierTobebis ganmtkicebisa da ganviTarebis mizniT. xolo aq aRniSnuli
rekomendaciebi umTavresad gamiznulia qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli galis da
axalgoris raionebisTvis. saboloo jamSi, aucilebeli iqneba Tavisuflad
gadaadgilebis uflebis gazrda da konfliqtis zonaSi vaWrobis xelSewyoba.
Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba, rogorc minimum, garantirebuli unda iyos
afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi amJamad mcxovrebi yvela pirisTvis. afxazeTis
SemTxvevaSi, es gulisxmobs, rom adgilobrivi xelisufleba konfliqtis xazis
gadakveTis uflebas miscems yvela macxovrebels da ara mxolod galelebs, an
SemTxveviT gamonaklisebs. rac Seexeba samxreT oseTs, Tavisuflad
gadaadgilebis uflebis gazrdisTvis axalgorisa garda sxva damatebiTi
gamSvebi punqtebis gaxsna iqneba saWiro.
saqarTvelos mTavroba, Tavis mxriv, mzad aris gaxsnas damatebiTi gamSvebi
punqtebi, maT Soris, cxinvalSi Semavali ZiriTadi gamSvebi punqti ergneTSi
da kidev ori sxva. rogorc afxazeTTan, aseve samxreT oseTTan dakavSirebiT,
saqarTvelo valdebulia aRniSnuli mxareebi daarwmunos, rom daculi iqneba
mosaxleobis Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba.
omisSemdgomi viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mosalodnelia, rom samxreT oseTis
mosaxelobis mcire raodenobam moiTxovos konfliqtis xazis regularulad
gadakveTis nebarTva. urTierTobis da ekonomikuri kavSirebis xelSewyobis
mizniT mxareebma SesaZloa xelaxla ganixilon samxreT oseTis konfliqtis
xazze Ria bazrobis mowyobis sakiTxi.
es xelaxla aamoqmedebs cnobil ergneTis bazrobas, romelic saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis mier 2004 wels daixura rogorc aralegaluri sabiTumo
vaWrobis punqti. igi Seasrulebs sasoflo-sameurneo da SezRuduli
samomxmareblo saqonlis legaluri, regulirebuli bazris funqcias. arsebuli
informaciiT, vaWrobis gauqmebam gamoiwvia samxreT oseTis cxovrebis donis
gaauareseba, amitom maT am bazrobis xelaxla gaxsnas mxari unda dauWiron. am
faqts dadebiTad unda Sexvdes konfliqtis xazis gaswvriv mcxovrebi qarTuli
mosaxleobac.
24
saqarTvelos mTavrobis strategiebis daxvewa
urTierToba afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo strategia afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan
kontaqtebis aRdgenis imedismomcem safuZvels iZleva, magram misi
ganxorcieleba mTel rig problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
erT erT problemas is warmoadgens, rom aucilebelia afxazeTis da samxreT
oseTis xelisuflebebs mxiradn TanamSromloba, romlebmac, ruseTTan erTad,
yovelgvari ganxilvis gareSe sajarod uaryves aRniSnuli saxelmwifo
strategia.19 es aixsneba sxadasxva mizeziT:
• pirveli: isini pretenzias acxadeben, rom saxelmwifo `strategia
(romlis oficialuri saxelwodebaa `saxelmwifo strategia
okupirebuli teritoriebis mimarT – CarTuloba TanamSromlobis gziT`)
efuZneba afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis, rogorc saqarTvelos
okupirebuli teritoriebis cnebas – rasac isini gadaWriT uaryofen da
rac maT iuridiuli subieqtis statuss arTmevs.
• meore: saxelmwifo strategiaSi aqcenti gakeTebulia `gayofil
mosaxleobebze` rac, maTi gancxadebiT, gulisxmobs, rom misi mizania
saqmianobis ganxorcieleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi sargeblobas
moutans afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis eTnikurad qarTvel mosaxleobas
(macxovreblebi da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi)
• mesame: im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu saqarTvelo pirdeba daxmarebebs
eTnikurad araqarTvel mosaxleobas, isini amas aRiqvamen rogorc
sicrues, romlis erTaderTi mizania saqarTvelos reputaciis
reabilitacia saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobaSi
• meoTxe: im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu saqarTvelo marTlac apirebs saxelmwifo
biujetidan dafinansebuli daxmarebebis programis ganxorcielebas,
xelisuflebebi winaaRmdegni arian am da sxva iseTi saqmianobisa,
romlebic safrTxes uqmnian afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis saqarTvelodan
gamoyofis mcdelobas. amis magaliTia saqarTvelos mier gacemuli
neitraluri samogzauro dokuementebis mosalodneli SemoReba. kerZod,
saqarTvelos mTavroba apirebs mimarTos qveynebs TxovniT oficialurad
aRiaron isini rogorc moqmedi saerTaSoriso samogzauro dokumentebi
19 mTeli rigi adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
msgavsad, romlebmac, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier
gacxadebul ganzraxvas mowonebiT Sexvdnen, gamoTqves eWvebi strategiis
efeqturobis da/an keTili ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb.
25
im rusuli pasportebis sanacvlod, romlebiTac afxazeTis da samxreT
oseTis mosaxleobis umravlesoba sargeblobs.
• dasasruls, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi kategoriul pretenzias
gamoTqvamen saqarTvelos mTavrobis daJinebul moTxovnaze
gaakontrolos yvela is saqmianoba, romelTa ganxorcielebasac
arasamTavroebi apireben afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi.20
Aam sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebidan zogierTi saWiroebs analizs an
dakavSirebulia politikur sakiTxebTan. yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi garkveuli
sakiTxi exeba kanons okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb. es kanoni ukanonod
cnobs afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi ganxorcielebul ekonomikur saqmianobas,
romelic saqarTvelos cxra calkeuli kanonis safuZvelze saWiroebs
`licenzias, nebarTvas, sanqcias an registracias` an nebismier sxva ekonomikur
saqmianobas, romelic, aseTi nebarTvebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroebs
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze `SeTanxmebas` gamonaklisebi daiSveba
mxolod specialuri samTavrobo nebarTvis safuZvelze im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac iTvleba, rom aseTi saqmianoba emsaxureba “saqarTvelos erovnul
interesebs, konfliqtis mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebas, deokupacias, ndobis
ganmtkicebas an humanitarul miznebs.” vinaidan saxelmwifo strategiiT
gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobebis didi nawili ekonomikuri xasiaTisaa, isini
saWiroeben nebarTvas okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesabamisad,
an reintagraciiis saministros mier ganxilvas, romelic aseve itovebs
uflebas uari Tqvas im proeqtebze, romlebic ver jdebian saxelmwifo
strategiis CarCoebSi. 2008 wlis bolosTvis, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier
afxazeTSi SeTanxmebuli iyo energo seqtorSi momuSave 24 kompaniis, aseve
galis centraluri saavamdyofos, 1990 wels afxazeTis konfliqtis dros
daWrilebis asociaciis da infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsis da klinikuri
imunologiis centris ekonomikuri saqmianoba.21 Tumca, gaurkvevelia, kvlav
grZeldeba Tu ara aseTi gamonaklisebis daSveba, an daamtkica Tu ara
mTavrobam is saqmianoba, romelic jer kidev ar iyo dawyebuli.
20 unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi saqmianobis `pirobebis” formulireba bundovania,
amitom SesaZloa gagebuli iqnas ise, rom saxelmwifo reintegraciis
saministrom unda gaakontrolos mxolod is saqmianoba, romelic akrZalulia
kanoniT okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb (ix. qvemoT). miuxedavad amisa,
mTavrobis oficialurma pirebma daadastures, rom pirobebi exeba yvela
saqmianobas, romlebic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi
saxelmwifo strategiis Sesabamisad. 21 `sainformacio biuletenebi okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonze,” evropis komisia demokratiisaTvis kanonis meSveobiT
(veneciis komisia), 5 marti, 2009w., ix. bmulze: http://www.venice.coe.int/docs/2009/CDL(2009)044-e.asp.
26
kanoni sakmaod bundovania afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis macxovreblebis
gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvebTan mimarTebiT. aRniSnuli warmoadgens
urTierTobis sakvanZo proncips da aseve mTeli rigi dapirebuli socialuri
momsaxurebebis gawevis aucilebel pirobas. kanoni iTvaliswinebs “ucxo
qveynebis moqalaqeebis da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebis” legalurad gadasvlas
afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi mxolod saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi
saxmeleTo gadasasvlebidan da ukanonod acxadebs gadasvlas ruseTTan
sazRvrebis gadakveTiT – aseve sazRvao, sahaero an sarkinigzo gzebiT da
saqarTveloSi mdebare meorexarisxovani SemSvebi punqtebidan – SesaZlo
gamonaklisebis daSvebiT.
afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis mosaxleobis umravlesoba Tavs ar Tvlis
saqarTvelos moqalaqed da miRebuli aqvs ruseTis moqlaqeoba. Tu asea, maSin
okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb kanoni Tavisuflad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
iqnes im macxovreblebis mimarT sanqciebis gamoyenebis an dapatimrebis mizniT,
vinc afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi ruseTidan adre Sevidnen. aseTma
Seusabamobam SesaZloa gamoiwvios kanonis borotad gamoyeneba im SemTxvevaSic
ki, Tu saqarTvelo maT Tvlis rogorc de faqto saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad,
aseve arakanonier ruseTis moqalaqeebad da, Sesabamisad, kanongareSe
subieqtebad. kanonma rac SeiZleba naklebad unda SeuSalos xeli aseTi
macxovreblebis mier konfliqtis xazebis urTierTobis mizniT gadakveTas.
SeuZlebelia saxelmwifo strategiasTan dakavSirebuli yvela arapolitikuri
uTanxmoebis da gamowvevis mogvareba sakiTxis pirdapir dasmiT. Nrogorc wesi,
naklebad mosalodnelia, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba mxars dauWers afxazeTis
da samxreT oseTis macxovreblebis gadaadgilebas rusuli pasportebis
gamoyenebiT. amasTan erTad, mosalodnelia, rom mTavrobas eqneba survili
flobdes informacias afxazeTSi da samxreT oseTSi donorebis mier
dasponsorebuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb da daitovebs uflebas wavides aseTi
proeqtebis winaaRmdeg. strategia namdvil gamocdas gaivlis maSin, rodesac
saqarTvelo Tanmimdevrulad Seikavebs Tavs im proeqtebis uaryofisgan,
romlebic garkveviT pasuxoben strategiis miznebs. es sakiTxi mofiqrebas
saWiroebs.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda Secvalos sakuTari strategia konfliqtis
mogvarebis perspeqtivebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, kerZod:
• aRiaros, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008 wlis agvistos omis Sedegad
ZiriTadi yuradReba koncentrirebulia rusul-qarTul konfliqtze,
amiT ar aRmofxvrila, aramed faqtiurad gaizarda samxreT oseTis da
afxazeTis SeSfoTeba maTi fizikuri usafrTxoebis da maTi
TviTmarTvelobis mimarT saqarTvelos valdebulebis Sesaxeb.
27
• CaTvalos yvela wingadadgmuli nabiji, raoden mcirec ar unda iyos igi,
proogresad konfliqtis mogvarebis gzaze da ara, rogorc umniSvnelo
da/an mosagebi qulebi.
• naTlad ganmartos, rom afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis moqalaqeebi,
romlebsac saqarTvelo Tvlis Tavis moqalaqeebad, Tavisuflebi arian
okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sazRvris
gadakveTasTan dakavSirebuli SezRudvebisagan.
• sistematurad Seuwyos xeli donori da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
urTierTobas samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis xelisuflebasTan da
mosaxleobasTan saxelmwifo strategiis safuZvelze mniSvnelovani da
mizanSewonili proeqtebis gamovlenis mizniT.
• gaagrZelos sajaro gancxadebebi afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi
ekonomikuri saqmianobis sanqcirebasTan dakavSirebuli misi
valdebulebis Taobaze saxelmwifo strategiis Sesabamisad. gaaxmauros
da gamWirvale gaxados sanqcirebis procesi, misces sazogadoebas
saSualeba gaecnos eleqtronul informacias warmatebuli aplikantebis,
ganxilvis stadiaSi myofi aplikaciebisa da dasabuTebuli sanqcirebis an
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
• Seecados keTili neba gamoxatos da amiT SeinarCunos konstruqciuli
urTierToba afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi mimdinare saqmianobebis
monawileebTan. mtruli urTierTobebi arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
(adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso), donor organizaciebTan da msxvil
saxelmwifo donorebTan gaarTulebs saqarTvelos mier gacxadebuli
politikis miznebis Sesrulebas.
• nebismier proeqtis mxardaWera mniSvnelovania imis miuxedavad
akmayofileben Tu ara isini kriteriumebs. rogorc yofilma diplomatma
zurab abaSiZem aRniSna, “ strategia unda asaxavdes ganzraxvas da ara
faratina qaRalds.”22
• ganixilos afxazeTTan mimarTebaSi damatebiTi strategiis SemuSaveba,
romelic Tavs aaridebs termins “okupirebuli teritoriebi”, ar
moixseniebs maT xelisuflebas rogorc “rwmunebulebs” da
gaiTvaliswinebs afxazeTSi specialuri despanis daniSvnas, romelic
afxazebi ndobiT da pativiscemiT moepyrobian.
• moaxdinos TbilisSi bazirebuli afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis
mTavrobis reorganizacia (romelic warmoadgens afxazeTis legitimur
22 zurab abaSiZe, interviu avtorebTan, Tbilisi, dekemberi, 2010w.
28
mTavrobas) arCeviT “afxazeTidan gadaadgilebuli mosaxleobis sabWod”,
romelic aRWurvili iqneba afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli
pirebis – maT Soris samoqalaqo uflebadakarguli galis mosaxleobis
warmomadgenlobiTi xmiT, rogorc saqarTvelos mTavrobis, aseve
afxazeTis xelisuflebis winaSe da aseve xels Seuwyobs saxelmwifo
strategiiT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebas.
• waaxalisos da xeli Seuwyos Track 1.5 diplomatias (paralelur
diskusiebs) – Sexvedrebs saxelmwifo moxeleebis da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis eqspertebis monawileobiT – mesame qveynebSi (evropa da
TurqeTi) saqarTvelos da afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis
warmomadgenlebs Soris, romelic fokusirebuli iqneba axalgazrda
Taobaze, romelmac safuZveli unda Cauyaros momaval reintegracias da
ndobis aRdgenis process.
urTierToba ruseTis CrdiloeT kavkasiis regionebTan
2008 wlis omis Semdeg, saqarTvelos mTavrobas aSkarad ufro intensiuri
urTierToba aqvs ruseTis federaciaSi mdebare CrdiloeT kavkasiis
mosaxleobasTan, vidre afxazeTis da samxreT kavkasiis macxovreblebTan.23
saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi daJinebiT acxadeben (sakmaod
safuZvlianadac) rom afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan konfliqtebma
saqarTvelos urTierToba gaufuWa CrdiloeT kavkasiis sxvadasxva xalxebTan.
maTi gancxadebiT, gaugebrobas xeli Seuwyo polarizebulma media garemom da
savaWro da satransporto barierebma. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelom, rogorc
arasdros, iseTi mWidro urTierTobebi unda daamyaros mis CrdiloeT
kavkasiel mezoblebTan.
politika, romelic maT aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad SeimuSaves TavisTavad ar
aris problematuri. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saqarTvelo ruseTis CrdiloeT
kavkasiis regionebis macxovreblebs saSualebas aZlevs Semovides saqarTveloSi
vizis gareSe misi saxmeleTo sasazRvro gadasasvlelebis gavliT ise, rom
vizis misaRebad ar dasWirdes moskovSi, an sadme sxvagan gamgzavreba. amasTan
erTad, saqarTvelos mTavroba da saxelmwifo universitetis sistema xels
uwyoben Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiaSi da Savi zRvis sanapiroze mosaxle
Cerqezebis istoriiT dainteresebas, romlebic eTnikurad afxazebs
enaTesavebian da ruseTis imperiis periodSi masobrivi represiebis msxverplni
gaxdnen.
23 oliver bulou, `werili Tbilisidan: gaerTianebul kavkasias,“ sagareo saqmeebi, 23 dekemberi, 2010w., ix. bmulze: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/67166; sergei markedonovi, `Северокавказская карта Грузии,” svobodnaia misl # 12,
2010, gv. 49-64.
29
mTavrobis mier aseve daarsda rusulenovani satelevizio arxi pirveli kavkasia, romelic ZiriTadad CrdiloeT kavkasiis auditoriisTvis aris
gamiznuli. mTavrobam arxi samarTavad gadasca britanul media kompanias mas
Semdeg, rac warumateblad dasrulda arxis regularuli evropuli
satelituri kavSiriT dafarvis Tavdapirveli mcdeloba. kompaniam ganaaxla
rogorc arxi, aseve misi internetsaiti – amJamad igi cnobilia pirveli
kavkasiuri axali ambebis saxeliT – romelic amJamad mTel kavkasias da ufro
farTo regions moicavs. 2011 wlis ianvris bolos maT miiRes axali
satelituri mxardaWera.24
saqarTvelos mxridan CrdiloeT kavkasiis daxmarebis programasTan
dakavSirebuli problema mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi xorcieldeba calmxrivad,
normaluri diplomatiuri urTierTobis ararsebobis pirobebSi da ruseTis im
nawilisTvis, romelic am saxelmwifosTvis warmoadgens yvelaze seriozul
Sida safrTxes Zaladobrivi da mzardi islamisturi moZraobis saxiT – da
mdebareobs ruseTisTvis yvela prestiJuli proeqtis, 2014 wlis zamTris
olimpiuri TamaSebis teritoriis gverdiT. saqarTvelos mTavrobis motivebis
miuxedavad, es politika moskovis mier aRiqmeba rogorc arastabilurobis
gaRvivebis mcdeloba. faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis motivebi arsebul
viTarebasTan mimarTebaSi ararelevanturi xdeba.
garda amisa, saqarTvelos mTavrobis zogierTi nabijs aSkarad araferi aqvs
saerTo aseT urTierTobasTan. me-19 saukuneSi CerqezTa genocidis aRiarebis
da soWis olimpiadisTvis (romelic uSualod afxazeTis mdinare fsous
gadaRma unda gaimarTos) saerTaSoriso boikotis gamocxadebis mizniT
gakeTebuli oficialuri mimarTvebi tovebs cecxlze navTis dasxmis ganzraxvis
STabeWdilebas.25 olimpiada, imis gamo, rom igi Cerqezebis eTnikuri wmendis
anu genocidis adgilze tardeba da am faqtis aRiareba dRemde ar xdeba,
Cerqezi mosaxleobis didi nawilis, gansakuTrebiT misi diasporis mzardi
kritikis obieqtia. amave dros, CerqezTa nawili Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiaSi
CerqezTa gaerTianebuli respublikis Seqmnis moZraobis aqtiuri monawileebi
arian. Ceqrezebi amJamad sam federaciu li subieqtis teritoriaze cxovroben.
urTierTobis oficialuri ritorika xSirad JRers ufro rogorc mowodebebi
kavkasiis xalxebis (rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve ruseTis moqalaqeebis)
24 arxis internet gverdi ixileT mbulze: http://pik.tv/ru. ixileT agreTve:
`saqarTvelos rusulenovani arxis gaSveba` Civil.ge, 24 ianvari, 2011w., ixileT
bmulze: http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=23076. 25 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris vano merabiSvilis gancxadebiT,
Cerqezebis genocidis aRiareba marTlac Sedis mTavrobis gegmebSi. ixileT: `My podstavili russkim grushnikam byvshego ofitsera,”Kommersant-Vlast’, December 6, 2010, http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1549013.
30
ganTavisufleba “damorCilebis, asimilaciis an aneqsiisagan gare mCagvrelebis
mxridan. 2010 wels gaeros generaluri asambleis winaSe sityviT gamosvlis
dros prezidentma saakaSvilma mouwoda “gaerTianebuli kavkasiisaken",
romelsac “Tavisuflebisaken Zlieri, fundamenturi da daumarcxebeli swrafva
aerTianebs”, da ganacxada, rom es “erTiani kavkasia... erT dRes SeurTdeba
Tavisufali erebis evropul ojaxs, saqarTvelos kvaldakval.”26
marTalia, saakaSvilma xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom misi koncefcia ar gulisxmobda
“sazRvrebis Secvlas”, mis sityvebi Seicavda mkafio miTiTebas ruseTis
imperiis mier samxreT kavkasiis damorCilebaze, sabWoTa periodis droindel
Cagvraze, post-sabWoTa CeCneTis omze da danarCeni ruseTis fonze ruseTis
federaciis CrdiloeT kavkasiis regionebSi arsebul socialur-ekonomiur
uTanasworebaze. prezidentma saakaSvilma mis saxelmwifos da ruseTs Soris
arsebuli konfliqti Seadara im brZolas, romelsac amJamad Tan axlavs
teroristuli aqtebi, rasac moskovis SuagulSi aTobiT udanaSaulo
moqalaqis sicocxle ewireba. aRniSnuli gancxadeba. maRalfardovani, magram
ZiriTadad fuWi da/an yalbi ritorikis miuxedavad, Zalzed provokaciuli iyo.
aqedan gamomdinare, moskovi ganixilavs saqarTvelos sagareo urTierTobis
politikas rogorc sazRvrebis dacvis Sesutebis mxardaWeras, separatizmis da
savaraudod terorizmis xelSewyobas, saerTaSoriso arenaze ruseTisTvis
seriozuli dabrkolebebis Seqmnas da saqarTvelos da ruseTs Soris arsebuli
daZabulobebis Segnebulad gazrdas. es yvelaferi arTulebs saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mier gacxadebul ruseTTan dialogis ganaxlebis da konfliqtis
mogvarebis xelSemwyobi garemos SeqmnasTan dakavSirebul miznebs.
am dabrkolebis gadalaxvis mizniT saqarTvelos mTavrobis mxridan miRebuli
unda iqnes Semdegi zomebi:
• daazustos, rom is pirebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi vizis gareSe
Semodian, eqvemdebarebian sazRvris usafrTxoebis standartul
procedurebs, romlebic mowonebulia gare damkvireblebis mier.
• Tavi aaridos ruseTis moqalaqeebs Soris diskriminacias vizis gacemis
erTiani wesebis SemoRebiT saqarTvelos yvela saxmeleTo sasazRvro
gadasasvlelze. saqarTvelo saSualebas aZlevs ruseTis moqalaqeebs
miiRon viza mis sxva ZiriTad saxmeleTo sazRvrebze. man unda miiRos
igive zomebi mis ruseTis gadasasvlelebze.
26 `misi aRmatebulebis, saqarTvelos prezidentis mixeil saakaSvilis
SeniSvnebi gaeros generaluri asambleis 65-e sesiaze,” 23 seqtemberi, 2010w.,
ixileT bmulze: http://www.president.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=228&info_id=5506.
31
• ganixilos ruseTis yvela moqalaqisTvis “ufaso vizis” politikis
sakiTxi. sxva sityvebiT, ruseTis moqalaqeebs mainc dasWirdebaT vizis
miReba – es procedura ganamtkicebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelo
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT ekideba sazRvris usafrTxoebas. magram viza
unda iyos ufaso. es saqarTvelos mTavrobas miscems saSualebas
gaagrZelos mis mier gacxadebuli miznis - CrdiloeT kavkasiis
“daxmarebis” programis ganxorcieleba aRniSnuli programis ruseTis
sxva mosaxleobebze gavrcelebiT. saqarTveloSi Semosuli ruseTis
moqalaqeebis raodenobis gazrdis Sedegad gaizrdeba saqarTvelos
Semosavali turizmis da transsasazRvro saqmianobis gafarToebis
xarjze.
• gamoacxados, rom CerqezeTis da yvela sxva adgilobrivi regionebis
istoriis kvlevis da masTan dakavSirebiT mimdinare diskusiebis
miuxedavad, igi ar apirebs romelime xalxis warsuli tragediis
oficialurad cnobas. amasTan erTad, igi analogiuri TxovniT mimarTavs
saqarTvelos parlaments.
• gamoacxados, rom imisdamiuxedavad, rom igi itovebs uflebas ar miiRos
monawileoba soWis olimpiadaSi, igi ar ganaxorcielebs da ar miemxroba
saerTaSoriso boikots aRniSnuli TamaSebis winaaRmdeg.
• uzrunvelyos, rom pirveli kavkasiuri axali ambebis arxi da internet
gverdi gaaSuqebs yvela mis regions da ar gadaiqceva propagandis
manqanad.
• waaxalisos, an, minimum, xeli ar SeuSalos da ar gaakritikos Track II dilomatia (mxolod arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris) an Track 1.5 diplomacia (saqarTvelos da ruseTis warmomadgenlebs Soris)
Sexvedrebi, rogorc ruseTSi, aseve saqarTveloSi.
• moeridos ritorikas, romelic ruseTs warmoaCens mtrad, xolo
saqarTvelos rogorc mudmivi omis mdgomareobaSi myofs.
ruseTis saqarTvelosTan mimarT politikis Secvla
ruseTma unda daarwmunos qarTvelebi da saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, rom igi
Zalas aRar gamoiyenebs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. amasTan, man unda ganixilos
adgilze da TbilisTan daZabulobebis ganmuxtvis gansxvavebuli gzebi da
daiwyos qarTvel xalxTan Serigebis procesi. yvela Semdgomi nabiji aSkarad
ruseTis interesebSia da arcerTi maTgani ar aiZulebs moskovs Seicvalos
sakuTari pozicia principul sakiTxebze.
32
ruseTis mmarTvelma xelisuflebam garkveviT ganacxada, rom mas ar surs
saqarTvelos prezident saakaSvilTan urTierToba. es arakonstruqciuli
midgomaa, magram es “wiTeli xazi” naklebad savaraudoa Seicvalos mokle an
Suavadian periodSi imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenjer iqna igi gameorebuli.
miuxedavad amisa, erTia uari Tqva saakaSvilTan oficialur dialogze, magram
sxva saqmea moepyro saqarTvelos mTavrobas rogorc aramzada qveynis
aralegitimur xelisuflebas, romelic warmoadgens pozicias, romelsac
moskovi amJamad metnaklebad sitviT da saqmiT gamoxatavs.
aseTi midgomis Camoyalibebis aSkara mizezi omis damTavrebis Semdeg gaCenili
cxeli emociebia. amJamad, aseTi pozicia aramzada urC saxelmwifod ? qveynad
warmoaCens TviT ruseTs imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sxva saxelmwifoebi
saqarTvelos xelisuflebasTan analogiur damokidebulebas ar amJRavneben.
prezidentebs Soris Sexvedra da/an diplomatiuri urTierTobis aRdgena
savaraudod Soreuli perspeqtivaa, magram moskovma, ra Tqma unda, unda
Secvalos misi xisti ritorika da daiwyos sistematuri samuSao donis
konsultaciebi daZabulobebis gansamuxtavad da Zaladobis ganaxlebis
albaTobis Sesamcireblad. es iqneboda pirveli nabiji konfliqtis mogvarebis
procesSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis sruluflebian partniorad aRiarebis gzaze.
udavod misasalmebelia ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan qarTveli da rusi
xalxis megobrobis mudmivi gamoxatva, magaliTad, premier ministr putinis
2010 wlis gancxadeba: “momavali ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris mezoblur,
WeSmaritad Tanaswor partniorul urTierTobebs ekuTvnis. es ruseTis
gulwrfeli survilia.”27 miuxedavad amisa, amJamad qarTvelebisTvis ruseTSi
Sesvla uaRresad rTulia, rac premier ministris sityvebs ganzraxulobaTa
deklaraciis, magram ara politikis, elfers aniWebs.
2010 wlis noemberSi, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom TbilisSi
Sveicariis saelCos sakunsulo ganyofilebis misi oficialuri
warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT daaCqara im qarTvelebis vizebis gaformeba,
romlebic moskovSi Track II RonisZiebaze miemgzavrebodnen. msgavsi erTjeradi SemTxvevebi ver uzrunvelyofs im tipis urTierTobas, romelic am or
sazogadoebas Soris amJamad arsebuli ganxeTqilebis daregulirebisTvis aris
aucilebeli.
dasasruls, ruseTis momxarebelTa dacvis federalurma samsaxurma, anu
rospotrebnadzorma unda gadaxedos mis mier 2006 wels miRebul
gadawyvetilebas qarTuli Rvinis da mineraluri wylis sanitaruli xarisxis
Taobaze. am gadawyvetilebebis Sedegad ruseTs Tavis droze saqarTvelosTan 27 `premier ministri vladimer putini eswreba meore msoflio omis
monumentis gaxsnas moskovis poklonnaia goras memorialur parkSi,” ruseTis
federaciis mTavroba, 21 dekemberi, 2010w., ixileT bmulze: http://www.government.ru/eng/gov/priorities/docs/13486/.
33
vaWrobis ZiriTadi produqtis importi aekrZala. am gadawyvetilebis miRebis
dros saeWvod daemTxva politikuri urTierTobis gafuWebas. miuxedavad amisa,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic ki ar malaven, rom ruseTSi
realizebuli zogierTi produqtis, maT Soris Rvinis da mineraluri wylis
xarisxi namdvilad Sors iyo imisagan, rac maT qveyanas unda SeeTavazebina.
mas Semdeg saqarTvelos mrewvelobis es ori dargi iZulebuli gaxda axali
bazrebi moeZebna da amasobaSi xarisxis standartebis mniSvnelovnad
gaaumjobesa. albaT, droa ruseTi aRniSnul SedegebSi darwmundes.
ruseTis mTavrobam unda ganixilos qvemoT CamoTvlili zomebis ganxorcieleba:
• Searbilos maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis da saministroebis mier
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Sesaxeb gakeTebul gancxadebebSi
gamoyenebuli retorika da daiwyos regularuli samuSao donis
konsultaciebi
• arsebuli kanonmdeblobis farglebSi gamoZebnos meqanizmebi ruseTSi
gamgzavrebis msurveli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis savizo
procedurebis gasamartiveblad, mag. gadasaxadebis Semcirebis gziT
• Riad da sajarod waaxalisos ruseTSi Sesvla da daazustos vizis
gacemis procedurebi
• gadaxedos qarTuli Rvinis da mineraluri wylis sanitarul xarisxs.
gaauqmos akrZalva produqciis importze moqmedi standartebis
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi.
SemdgomSi, ganvixilavT Tu rogor SeuZlia obamas administracias Secvalos
aSS politika raTa xeli Seuwyos konfliqtis mogvarebas.
2008 wlis agvistos omis axali narativi
2008 wlis agvistos omi SesaZloa iseT did emociebs aRar iwvevs mxareTa
mxridan, Tu ar CavTvliT samxreT oseTis mosaxleobas, romelmac omis mTvari
dartyma sakuTar Tavze miiRo. miuxedavad amisa, azri imis Sesaxeb Tu “vin
daiwyo omi” jer kidev mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia. kargi iqneba, Tu
progresis da Serigebis gulisTvis am uTxmoebebs gverdze gadavdebT, magram
faqtia, rom erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi progresis
Semaferxebeli faqtoria. isini CvenTvis cnobil faqtebs ar Seesabamebian.
uTanxmoebebis gverdze gadadebas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aqvs azri, Tu mas
yvela mxare eTanxmeba. aseTi midgoma amJamad mxolod ramdenime gareSe
monawilis mxardaWeriT sargeblobs. amasTan, maSinac ki, Tu mxareebi
“SeTanxmdnen, rom ar eTanxmebian”, sabolood, aseTi warmatebis miRwevis
SezRudvuli SesaZleblobebi cxadi gaxdeba. kompromisi da ndobis atmosferos
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Seqmna SeuZlebeli Tu ara, rTulia, rodesac konfliqtis mxareebi jer kidev
Tvlian, rom sxvebi damnaSaveebi, Sinaganad agresiulebi da mounanieblebi arian.
ruseTis mTavrobas da samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis xelisuflebebs jer kidev
miaCniaT – an amboben, rom miaCniaT – rom prezidentma saakaSvilma wamoiwyo
rekonkista omi samxreT oseTis mosaxleobis ugulebelyofiT an maTi
fizikuri usafrTxoebis ganzrax fexqveS gaTelviT. Sesabamisad, isini Tvlian,
rom yvela qmedeba, rac maT ganaxorcieles da rasac 7 agvistos Semdeg kvlav
axorcieleben, gamarTlebuli da auculebelia. faqtiurad, yvela situaciaSi,
sadac ruseTis qmedebebi SeiZleba kiTxvis qveS dadges, mTavrobis oficialur
pirebs, dawyebuls prezident medvedevidan da qvemoT, ar aviwydebaT
“Seaxsenon” auditorias, rom omis dawyebis erTaaderTi damnaSave prezidenti
saakaSvilia. aseTi gancxadebebis mizani samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis mimarT
ruseTis politikis da saakaSvilis “reJimTan” urTierTobaze uaris Tqmis
gamarTlebaa.
amisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos mTavroba da misi mravali mxardamWeri
daJinebiT acxadeben, rom omis scenaris avtori ruseTia. amiT man mis mier
didi xnis win dagegmili SemoWris gegma ganaxorciela, an – rogorc
dasavleTSi zogadad acxadeben - “TaRliTuri provocirebis” gziT aiZula
saqarTvelos mTavroba mtruli qmedebisaken, rac intervencias gaamarTlebda.
saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis, romelic am oms mudmivad rogorc “saqarTvelos
winaaRmdeg ruseTis agresias” ise moixseniebs, rTulia konfliqtis mogvarebis
procesSi ruseTTan, rogorc partniorTan urTierToba, an mokle vadaSi
progresis miRwevis winadadebebze daTanxmeba, rac xels uSlis omis
uaryofiTi Sedegebis srul reabilitacias.
winamdebare qronika statiis SesavalSi aRwerili saqarTvelos momavlis
“berlinis kedlis” scenarSic jdeba. Tu 2008 wlis agvistom msoflios
ubralod saqarTvelos mimarT ruseTis Tandayolili mtruli damokidebuleba
aCvena, maSin, logikis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo Tavisi samxedro SeiaraRebis
uzarmazari maragebiT kavkasiuri berlinis kedlis Tbilisis mxares unda
Casafrdes, raTa yvelanairad Seecados daucxromeli mteri axlos ar miuSvas
da momlodine poziciaSi darCes imden xans, ramdenic aucilebeli iqneba. am
TvalzarisiT, ruseTTan, afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan konfliqtis
mogvarebis mizniT TanamSromloba ukeTes SemTxvevaSi uazroa, xolo uares
SemTxvevaSi Ralati.
es ori polarizebuli qronika WeSmaritebis elementebs Seicavs, magram
bolomde zusti arcerTi ar aris. isini Seicaven savaraudo kavSirs im
antagonizms, urTierTis mimarT eWvebis da saomar gegmebs Soris, romlebic
2008 agvistos im sabediswero dReebamde da omis dawyebamde arsebobda.
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orive mxares iyvnen iseTebi, romlebic agresiul ganzarxvebs malavdnen. bevrs
eWvi hqonda, rom meore mxare savaraudod omis dawyebisTvis emzadeboda,
SeimuSaves gauTvaliswinebel SemTxvevebze reagirebis gegmebi, maT Soris
winmswrebi moqmedebis da darwmundnen, rom omi mosalodneli iyo da
Sesabamisadac imoqmedes.
magram 2008 wlis agvistos omis uSualo mizezi ar yofila agresiuli
ganzraxvebi, saomari gegmebi an reaqciebi gacnobierebul safrTxeebze. omis
wina TveebSi yvela am faqtorma erTad regionSi usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT
uaRresad daZabuli da saSiSi garemos Seqmnas Seuwyo xeli. saomari
moqmedebebi ki daiwyo maSin, rodesac situacia zRvars gadavida da daiwyo
SemTxveviTi omi, romelmac gauTvaliswinebeli, savalalo da, xSir
SemTxvevebSi, tragikuli Sedegebi gamoiwvia.
arc saqarTvelos da arc ruseTs – am SemTxvevaSi, arc samxreT oseTis
xelisuflebas - 2008 wlis agvistoSi omi ar dauwyia da ar Caufiqrebia. da
maT, ra Tqma unda, igi ar wamouwyiaT im mizniT, rom daepyroT samxreT oseTi,
daepyroT saqarTvelo, moewyoT qarTvelebis eTnikuri wmenda samxreT oseTSi.
es, arsebiTad, yvela mxaris mier ganuzraxavi omi iyo.
winamdebare qronika brals ar debs arc erT mxares, ar amarTlebs savaraudod
Cadenil danaSaulebs, an malavs uTanxmoebebs, aramed igi rac SeiZleba zustad
asaxavs faqtebs ise, rogorc es CvenTvis aris cnobili – da igi ar
warmoadgens Cvens deduqciur daskvnebs gacxadebuli da gaucxadebeli
ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb.
es aris qronika, romelic konfliqtis mogavrebaSi dainteresebulma yvela
gareSe monawilem unda gaiziaros da sajaro da kerZo Sexvedrebis dros masze
aqcenti gaakeTos. amasTan erTad, maT konfliqtis mxareebi da gansakuTrebiT
ruseTi da saqarTvelo unda daarwmunon aseTi interpretaciis miRebaSi.
TiToeuli mxaris mier sakuTari polarizebuli interpretaciis dacva
konfliqtis mogvarebis saqmes gacilebiT arTulebs.
