SARAI TRAINING TOOLKIT FOR

RICEVOLUME 2: MODULE 1 – WEATHER AND CLIMATE

VOLUME

Module 1 – Weather and Climate• Understanding weather and climate

• Climate in the Philippines

• PAGASA-DOST and Common Warning Systems

• Agricultural Meteorology

VOLUME

Objectives:

Sa dulo ng talakayang ito, inaasahan na ang mga

kalahok ay:

1. Masabi ang kaibahan ng panahon at klima;

2. Makapagbanggit ng mga klase ng klima sa Pilipinas;

3. Malaman ang tungkulin ng PAGASA at ang mga

Karaniwang Babala;

4. Makapagbigay ng kahalagahan ng paggamit ng

agricultural meteorology.

Kahulugan

ng Panahon

at Klima

?pinagpatong-patong na gas

na nakapalibot at

nagpoprotekta sa mundo

mula sa ultraviolet rays at

radiation

binubuo ng nitrogen,

oxygen, argon, carbon

dioxide, at iba pang mga

gases (hydrogen, ozone,

methane, at water vapor).

Ano angAtmospera

5 Layers ng Atmosphere

Panahon?Ano ang

resulta ng atmospheric condition sa

isang tiyak na lugar sa isang

takdang oras.

Tumutukoy ito sa kainitan, katuyuan, kalamigan,

pagkamaaraw, pagkamahangin o pagiging

maulan sa isang lugar na maaaring magbago

sa paglipas ng oras.

KlimaAno ang

?

- tumutukoy sa kalagayan

ng atmospera sa isang

partikular na lugar sa

loob ng mahabang

panahon.

- Halimbawa, maaaring

mainit at maalinsangan sa

isang rehiyon o lungsod

tuwing tag-araw at malamig

naman at basa tuwing tag-

ulan.

- Ang pagbabagong ito ay

nangyayari sampu, o

isandaan hanggang ilang

libong taon.

Climatology – ang pag-aaral

ng climatic elements at mga salik

na nakakaapekto sa klima.

Meteorology –

pag-aaral ng lagay ng

atmospera

Anu-ano

ang mga

bumubuo

sa panahon

at klima?

1. Temperatura2. Humidity/Halumigmig

3. Precipitation

4. Atmospheric Pressure

5. Hangin kung gaano kainit o

kalamig ang atmospera ng mundo.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/whatisweather/aboutweather/still_versions/temperature/temp1.shtml

Anu-ano

ang mga

bumubuo

sa panahon

at klima?

1. Temperatura

2. Humidity/Halumigmig3. Precipitation

4. Atmospheric Pressure

5. Hangin

tumutukoy sa dami ng

water vapor sa

atmospera

http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/with-this-humid-weather-50231221

Anu-ano

ang mga

bumubuo

sa panahon

at klima?

1. Temperatura

2. Humidity/Halumigmig

3. Precipitation4. Atmospheric Pressure

5. Hangin

Precipitati

on is the product of a rapid condensation process (if

this process is slow, it only causes cloudy skies)

Halimbawa: Ulan, niyebe, ulang may yelo, hamog

at ambon.

Atmospheric pressure – bigat ng

hangin sa ibabaw ng mundo.

Ang pag-aaral at pagsusuri sa mga salik na ito ay maaaring magbigay ng

batayan para sa pagtatala ng panahon at pagtukoy sa klima.

Anu-ano

ang mga

bumubuo

sa panahon

at klima?

1. Temperatura

2. Humidity/Halumigmig

3. Precipitation

4. Atmospheric Pressure

5. Hangin

Hangin – pagkilos ng hangin sa ibabaw ng

mundo.

http://www.inc.com/issie-lapowsky/drought-threatens-small-businesses.html

Bakit importanteng pag-aralan ang klima?

Ang pagbabago ng klima ay makakaapekto sa mga tao, pamayanan,

komunidad, at mga hanapbuhay.

https://speakupforthevoiceless.org/2014/03/13/climate-change-and-its-effects-on-african-wildlife-part-i/

Bakit importanteng pag-aralan ang klima?

Ang pagtaas ng pandaigdigang temperatura

ay nakapagpapataas ng lebel ng tubig

sa karagatan, nakapagpapabago ng

pattern ng precipitation at ng iba pang

kalagayan ng klima.

Ang pagbabago ng klima ay nakakapekto

din sa likas na yaman dahil sa epektong dala

nito sa kagubatan, lupa, ani mula sa

mga halaman, at suplay ng tubig.

http://politicsinn.com/survey-8-of-10-filipinos-personally-experience-impacts-of-climate-change/

na syang pinakamataas na scientific intergovernmental body

ng United Nations na nag-aaral at gumagawa ng mga reports

o tala tungkol sa …

“the scientific, technical and socio-economic information

relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the changing

climate, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and

mitigation”.

Klima sa

Pilipinas

Dalawang uri ng panahon sa Pilipinas

TAG-

INIT

TAG-

ULAN

Pinakamainit na buwan ng taon ay

Marso hanggang Oktubre.

Pinakamalamig naman ay sa buwan

ng Nobyembre hanggang Pebrero.

http://www.scoopnest.com/user/hadjirieta/607773267911270400 https://www.untvweb.com/news/mga-sakit-na-mauuso-ngayong-tag-ulan-ibinabala/

Philippine Climate Map

a. Type I – Tinutukoy nito ang panahon

ng tagtuyot na mula Nobyembre

hanggang Abril habang tag-ulan sa

mga sumunod na buwan hanggang matapos

ang taon.

b. Type II – kawalan ng tag-araw

sa halos buong taon. Dito

bumubuhos ang ulan simula

Nobyembre hanggang Enero.

c. Type III - kawalan ng tag-ulan

ngunit nakakaranas ng tag-araw

mula Nobyembre hanggang Abril

d. Type IV – pagiging

maulan sa halos buong taon

Philippine Climate Map

PAG-ULANAng monsoon ay malakihang sea breezes na

nagaganap kapag ang temperatura ng lupa ay

mas mainit o mas malamig kaysa sa

temperatura ng karagatan.

Ang summer monsoon ay nagdudulot ng

mabibigat na pag-ulan sa karamihan ng

kapuluan mula Mayo hanggang

Oktubre

https://www.enca.com/south-africa/vredendal-sets-hottest-global-temperature-october

TEMPERATURA26.6 °C (79.9 °F) -karaniwang taunang

temperatura na nasusukat ng

lahat ng mga weather stations sa

Pilipinas maliban sa Baguio

City.

Ang malalamig na araw ay karaniwang nararamdaman tuwing Enero

na may lamig na 25.5 °C (77.9 °F).

Pinakamainit naman na araw ay sa buwan ng Mayo na may 28.3 °C

(82.9 °F).

Humidity/Halumigmig

Ang halumigmig sa

Pilipinas ay mataas.

Ang mataas na dami

ng moisture o

kahalumigmigan sa hangin

ang nagiging dahilan

ng lalong pag-init ng

mainit nang temperatura.

http://www.knowledgeshopatlanta.com/humidity-and-humidifier-knowledges-from-basic-to-advance/

Karaniwang umaabot sa

siyam (9) ang bagyona dumadaan at nagla-

landfall sa Pilipinas

taon-taon.

BAGYO

http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/aftermath_of_typhoon_haiyan.html

TYPHOON

HAIYAN/

YOLANDA

Pinakamalakas na

bagyong dumaan sa

Pilipinas

ANO ANG

MONSOON?

isang weather pattern

Summer Southwest

Monsoon – Habagat

Ito ay weather pattern na

karaniwang

nararamdaman tuwing

huling mga araw ng

Abril hanggang unang

mga araw ng Oktubrebawat taon.

Malakas na

hangin na

nanggagaling sa

kanluran o

timog-kanluranna syang

nagdadala ng

pag-ulan sa Asia

http://panahon.tv/infographics/habagat/

Tuyo at malamig

na hangin na

nanggagaling sa

Silangan o

Hilagang

Silangan.

Winter Northeast

Monsoon – Amihan

- Karaniwan itong nagsisimula tuwing

huling mga araw ng Setyembre at

unang mga araw ng Oktubre.

PAGASA at

Common

Warning

Systems

Sino ang may tungkulin na magbigay ng mga

impormasyon at serbisyo tungkol sa lagay ng panahon at

klima ng bansa?

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical

and Astronomical Services

Administration (PAGASA)

pangunahing pambansang ahensya na

tungkuling magbigay ng

impormasyon ukol panahon,

hydrologic, at climate forecasts, advisories at

mga babala sa buong mamamayang Pilipino.

Pinagsasama-sama ng PAGASA ang lahat ng mga

nakolekta nilang datos upang makapagbigay ng

weather forecasts sa pamamagitang ng

telebisyon, radyo, dyaryo at sa website –

pagasa.dost.gov.ph

PAGASA

Public

Storm

Warning

Signal

(PSWS)

Rainfall Warnings

RAINFALL WARNING

Rainfall Advisory

Community AWARENESS

FLOODING is POSSIBLE in low-lying

areas and near river channels

Rainfall Alert

Community PREPAREDNESS

FLOODING is THREATHENING in low-

lying areas and near river channels

Rainfall Emergency

Community RESPONSE

SEVERE FLOODING is EXPECTED

Take necessary precautionary

measures

Thunder-

storm

Warnings

kilala din ito sa tawag na

agrometeorology at Agromet

AGRICULTURAL

METEOROLOGY

Ano ang Agricultural

Meteorology?

Pag-aaral at paggamit ng mga

datos tungkol sa panahon at

klima na makakatulong upang

mapahusay ang agrikultura at

mapataas ang produksyon.

Ang agrikultura ay nakadepende

sa meteorology dahil lahat ng mga

aktibidades sa pagsasaka ay

nakakaapekto at naaapektuhan ng

panahon.

Automatic

Weather

Station

isang aparato o instrumento na

kumukuha ng mga datos ng

panahon.

• bilis ng hangin at direksyon nito

• dami at lakas ng ulan

• pressure

• halumigmig

• temperatura

• solar radiation

• sunshine duration

• temperatura at moisture ng lupa

Mga Datos na Nakukuha ng AWS

Ano ang Automated Weather Station (AWS)?

Ang AWS ay mayroong data storage

system na kung saan maaaring

madownload o makuha ang

mga datos kahit anong oras.

Mayroon itong telemetry

system na ginagamit

upang makapagpadala

ito ng impormasyon

gamit ang

mobilephones.

Ano ang

Automated

Weather Station

(AWS)?

Agromet vs. AWS

Ang AWS ay automated na

bersyon ng agromet. Ibig

sabihin, automatic itong

nagbabasa at nagpapadala

ng mga datos na hindi

nangangailangan ng oras-oras na

pagmomonitor ng tao.

Ang mga datos na nakukuha ng AWS

ay maaaring makita sa web-based

system gamit ang internet.

Paano makakatulong

ang AWS sa mga

magsasaka?

Gamit ang mga datos na

nakuha ng AWS, makakabuo

ang mga magsasaka ng mga

istratehiya sa pagtatanim

upang mas mapataas ang

ani at maiwasan ang mga

sirang dulot ng mga pag-

ulan at tagtuyot.

Programang naglalayong

magbigay ng mga pagsasanay

sa mga extension workers at mga

magsasaka upang magkaroon sila ng

kaalaman at maintindihan ang mga

climate information.

Climate

Field School

(CFS)

Ano ang Climate Field School (CFS)?

isang makabagong paraan ng

pagtugon sa mga problema tulad ng

climate extremes na

nakakaapekto sa pagsasaka.

Ano ang Climate

Field School (CFS)?

Nagtuturo sa mga magsasaka

kung ano ang tamang halaman na

pwedeng itanim at angkop sa

lupa at klima ng lugar.

Nakakatulong din ang CFS

upang malaman nila kung

kailan dapat magtanim,

mag-ani, magpatubig at

maglagay ng mga abono.

Marami pong

salamat sa inyong

pakikinig…

-

wakas

-

EXPERTDr. Yusuf Sucol

Writer/TranslatorDr. Yusuf Sucol

Maria Regina Regalado

Rosemarie Areglado

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Photo credits

UPLB Core SARAI Team

Dr. Ma. Victoria O. Espaldon, Program Leader/Project 5 Leader

Dr. Felino P. Lansigan, Project 1 Leader

Dr. Artemio M. Salazar, Project 2 Leader

Prof. Concepcion L. Khan, Project 3 Leader

Dr. Decibel F. Eslava, Project 4 Leader

Rice Banana Coconut

Dr. Jose E. Hernandez Dr. Edna A. Aguilar Dr. Connie Reaño

Dr. Pompe Sta. Cruz Dr. Lavern Gueco

Coffee and Cacao Perennials Water Management

Mr. Primitivo Jose A. Santos Prof. Arnold Salvacion Dr. Ronaldo B. Saludes

Prof. Bong Salazar Dr. Roger Luyun

Crop Vulnerability Land Suitability Crop Protection

Engr. Moises Dorado Prof. Vic Bato Dr. Bonifacio Cayabyab

Engr. Vicente Ballaran Mr. Melvin Ebuenga

Corn AWS

Dr. Art Salazar Prof. Nel Altoveros

DR. YUSUF A. SUCOLCONTACT INFORMATION+63 (49) 536-2251

yasucol@up.edu.ph