saxelmwifo Sefaseba qarTul enaSi (I-IV klasebi)

Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centri

saxelmwifo Sefaseba qarTul enaSi

I-IV klasebi

avtorebi: nino gordelaZe, Sefasebis jgufis konsultanti

Tamar oTxmezuri, Sefasebis jgufis konsultanti

fsiqometriuli analizi: ia kutalaZe, Sefasebis jgufis xelmZRvaneli

2004

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

I. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi

a. Sefasebis testis Sedgena ........................................................................................ 4

b. Sefasebis testis gamocda ....................................................................................... 6

g. Sefasebis kiTxvarebi ................................................................................................... 8

II. saswavlo procesis Sefaseba

a. testirebis Sedegebis kvlevis meTodebi .................................................. 9

b. Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi .................................................................. 9

III. sferoebi

1. kiTxva – wigniereba

kiTxvis daniSnuleba, mizani

1. 1. testis aRwera ............................................................................................................................. 11

wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi

1. 2. miRwevis doneebi ....................................................................................................................... 19

• saSualoze dabali safexuri

• saSualo safexuri

• saSualoze maRali safexuri

• maRali safexuri

2. leqsika

2. 1. testis aRwera ................................................................................................................................ 43

2. 2. miRwevis doneebi ......................................................................................................................... 44




• maRali safexuri

3. wera

3. 1. testis aRwera .................................................................................................................................. 55

3. 2. miRwevis doneebi ........................................................................................................................... 57




• maRali safexuri

1

4. gramatika

4. 1. testis aRwera ................................................................................................................................... 64

4. 2. miRwevis doneebi .............................................................................................................................. 67




• maRali safexuri

5. sociologiuri kvlevis monacemebi ....................................................................................... 82

daskvna ................................................................................................................................................................. 83

gamoyenebuli literatura .............................................................................................................. 87

danarTi ..........................................................................................................................................................

• kiTxvis testi /testur kiTxvaTa definiciebi

• leqsikis testi / Sefasebis sqema

• weris testi

• gramatikis testi / Sefasebis sqema

2

Sesavali

2003 wlis seqtembris bolos saqarTveloSi Sefasebisa da

gamocdebis erovnulma centrma Caatara ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa

da ganmtkicebis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli saswavlo procesis

saxelmwifo Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi.

saxelmwifo Sefasebis mizani iyo dawyebiT klasebSi mimdinare

saswavlo procesis Semowmeba, misi dadebiTi mxareebisa da xarvezebis

dadgena da kvleva, Cveneba imisa, Tu ra aris daZleuli da ra _ ara 9-10

wlis moswavleTa mier im masalidan, rasac isini swavloben dawyebiT

klasebSi. Sefasebis saSualebiT gamovlindeba, realurad ra codna da

unar-Cvevebi SeiZina moswavlem oTxi wlis manZilze dRevandel skolaSi

arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da swavlebis meTodebiT, maswavlebelTa

momzadebis dRevandeli doniT, amJamindel socialur garemoSi.

axali saswavlo programisa da gegmebis Sedgenisas aucilebelia

arsebuli mdgomareobis zusti suraTis codna. oTxwledis misaRwevi

miznebis sworad gansazRvras, pasuxis gacemas kiTxvaze _ ra unda icodes

da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZlos moswavles oTxwledis dasrulebisas _

didad Seuwyobs xels imis gaTvaliswineba, UTu sinamdvileSi ra icis da

risi gakeTeba SeuZlia dRevandeli skolis IV klasis moswavles.

saxelmwifo Sefasebis mizans warmoadgenda, agreTve, im mizezebis

dadgena, ramac gamoiwvia oTxwledSi mSobliuri enis swavlebis ama Tu

im sferoSi gamovlenili xarvezebi. amdenad, Sefasebis Sedegebis analizi

karg safuZvels qmnis imis gadasawyvetad, Tu ra da ratom aris

Sesacvleli an dasaxvewi swavlebis pirvel safexurze.

mSobliur enaSi I-IV klasebis saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas oTxi

komunikaciuri unaridan (kiTxva, wera saubari, mosmena) amjerad Semowmda

ori _ kiTxva da wera. Semowmda, agreTve, enobrivi kompetencia _ leqsika

da gramatikis codna.

saswavlo procesis SefasebaSi Semowmebis instruments testi

warmoadgens. Sefasebis testi, romelic oTxi sferos (kiTxvis, weris,

gramatikis, leqsikis) Sesamowmebeli testisagan Sedgeba, moicavs im

masalasa da sakiTxebs, romelTa swavlebac II-IV klasebis

saxelmZRvaneloebiT da klasSi mimdinare praqtikuli muSaobiT aris

gaTvaliswinebuli.

3

I. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi

mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis SefasebisTvis mzadeba daiwyo

2002 wlis ianvridan. Sesafaseblad gamoiyo oTxi sfero: kiTxva, wera,

leqsika da gramatika. mosmenisa da saubris unaris Sefaseba dawyebiT

klasebSi aranakleb aqtualuria, magram radganac am sferoTa Semowmeba

teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos masStabiT DdReisaTvis sakmaod

rTuli aRmoCnda, am etapze es amocana miznad ar dagvisaxavs.

Tavdapirvelad oTxwledis saxelmZRvaneloebis (rogorc ZiriTadis, ise

damxmares) Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda Sesamowmebeli masala da

gamoikveTa is codna da unar-Cvevebi, romlebic saWiroa am masalis

asaTviseblad. amis Semdeg daiwyo Sefasebis testze muSaoba _

Sesamowmeblad SerCeuli oTxive sferos mixedviT testuri kiTxvebisa da

davalebebis Sedgena da maTi gamocda.

a. Sefasebis testis Sedgena

radgan Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi gulisxmobs saswavlo procesis

Semowmebas, kiTxvis, weris, leqsikisa da gramatikis testebisaTvis

masalis SerCevisas da testuri kiTxvebisa da davalebebis Sedgenisas

umTavresad vxelmZRvanelobdiT principiT, SegverCia sirTuliT da

Tematurad oTxwledis saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili masalis

analogiuri teqstebi da Segvedgina im tipis kiTxvebi da davalebebi,

romlebsac amJamad iyeneben oTxwledSi mSobliuri enis swavlebisas.

miznad iyo dasaxuli, agreTve, Sefasebis testSi SeZlebisdagvarad

mTlianad yofiliyo warmodgenili oTxwledis mSobliuri enis saswavlo

kursis masala da Tematika.

kiTxvis unaris Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga rva variantad. rvidan oTxi

varianti Seicavs oTx sxvadasxva mxatvrul teqsts testuri kiTxvebiT

(rogorc arCeviTi, ise Ria) da amowmebs wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebs

mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas. danarCeni oTxi varianti Seicavs

sainformacio xasiaTis mcire moculobis teqstebs testuri kiTxvebiTa

(arCeviTi/Ria) da davalebebiT da amowmebs, ramdenadaa dauflebuli

moswavle kiTxvis strategias informaciis mopovebis mizniT.

weris unar-Cvevis, weriTi metyvelebis Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga

oTx variantad, romelTagan TiToeuli Seicavs or sxvadasxva saxis

davalebas. ori varianti amowmebs SeTxzvis unars SeTavazebuli

4

Tavisufali Temis mixedviT, agreTve, mxatvruli teqstis perifrazis

unars. Semdegi ori variantiT mowmdeba weriTi metyveleba yofiTi

Tematikis farglebSi.

gramatikisa da leqsikis testebi warmodgenilia or-or identur

variantad. mowmdeba moswavlis enobrivi alRo da gramatikuli masalis

codnis is maragi, romelic mas daugrovda dawyebiT klasebSi swavlis

periodSi.

calkeul testSi testuri davalebebisa da kiTxvebis raodenobis

gansazRvrisas vixelmZRvaneleT testirebis praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli

kriteriumebiT, romlis mixedviTac 9-10 wlis moswavle erT wuTSi

saSualod pasuxs scems erT kiTxvas. saerTaSoriso standartis mixedviT

ganisazRvra, agreTve, samuSao dro _ ori akademiuri saaTi (95 wuTi, 5-

wuTiani SesvenebiT).1

Sefasebis testebi Sedgenilia sxvadasxva sirTulis testuri

kiTxvebiTa da davalebebiT. specialurad aris SerCeuli rogorc advili,

ise rTuli kiTxvebi, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, gamovkveToT da

detalurad aRvweroT moswavleTa miRwevis doneebi.

testirebisTvis Sedgenili gramatikis, leqsikis, werisa da kiTxvis

testebi gaerTianda specialur rveulebSi e. w. gadafarvis meTodiT: erT

rveulSi wamodgenilia mxolod ori sferos Sesamowmebeli testi,

magaliTad, kiTxva/wera; momdevno rveulSi gameorebulia pirveli

rveulis erT-erTi testi, romelsac emateba axla ukve Semdegi sferos

Sesamowmebeli testi _ wera/gramatika da a. S.

magaliTisTvis:

kiTxva wera gramatika leqsika

rveuli I

rveuli II

rveuli III

rveuli IV

1 Sefasebis testis SedgenasTan, kerZod, mis teqnikuri mxaresTan dakavSirebiT

konsultacia gagviwia saganmanaTleblo Sefasebis institutma (CITO, niderlandebi). am centris xelmZRvanelobiT amave meTodiT Catarda saswavlo procesis Sefaseba

makedoniaSi, romlis masalebsac gavecaniT: Постиганьа на учениците по македонски jазик и по математика, Скоjпе, 2001.

5

saswavlo procesis Sefasebis testis Sedgenisas gadafarvis

gamoyeneba testirebis praqtikaSi kargad gamocdili xerxia. es meTodi

mTlianad Sefasebis testis (Sefasebis oTxive sferos) sandoobis

dadgenis kargi saSualebaa. sferoTa gadafarva SesaZleblobas iZleva,

agreTve, calkeuli sfero Semowmdes moswavleTa ufro did SerCeviT

erTobliobaze. aseT pirobebSi miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba sandoa

da saswavlo procesis srulyofil suraTs qmnis.

b. Sefasebis testis gamocda

mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis Sefasebas win uZRoda

Sefasebis testis Ggamocda, rac miznad isaxavda, gagverkvia, ramdenad

gamodgeboda mocemuli testi saswavlo procesis Sesafaseblad, rogor

miiRebda qarTuli skolis moswavle testirebis saerTaSoriso

standartis mixedviT Sedgenil tests, ramdenad daZlevda testuri

kiTxvebis mocemul raodenobas gansazRvrul droSi da a. S. am mxares

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo, radgan centralizebuli testireba

saqarTvelos skolebis umcrosklaselebTan pirvelad tardeboda da

metad mniSvnelovani iyo, Tu rogor aRiqvamdnen am siaxles moswavleebi.

Sefasebis testis gamocda Catarda orjer _ 2002 wlis oqtombersa

da 2003 wlis martSi Tbilisis 36 skolaSi, monawileobda 1200-mde

moswavle.2 gamoicada testis mTliani formati _ Tormeti rveuli

testuri kiTxvebiTa da davalebebiT. testireba Caatares Sefasebis

centris TanamSromlebma, agreTve, specialurad SerCeulma da

momzadebulma damkvirveblebma, romelTa movaleoba iyo, erTi mxriv,

mSvidi samuSao garemos uzrunvelyofa, meore mxriv, dadgena imisa,

sakmarisi iyo Tu ara dro mocemuli davalebis Sesasruleblad.

2003 wlis maisSi Catarda Sefasebis testis pilotireba _

farTomasStabiani testireba, romelSic monawileoba miiRo ara marto

Tbilisis, aramed saqarTvelos regionebis, kerZod, Sida qarTlis

qalaqebis, gorisa da kaspis, agreTve amave regionis soflebis skolebis

aTasamde moswavlem.

yoveli testirebis Semdeg Catarda Sedegebis empiriuli kvleva,

kerZod, fsiqometriuli analizi, romlis Sedegad dadginda testebis

2 moswavleTa namuSevrebi inaxeba Sefasebisa da gamocdebis centris arqivSi.

6

sandoobis koeficienti _ ramdenad vargisia testuri kiTxvebi da

davalebebi mocemuli masalis Sesamowmeblad; ganisazRvra, agreTve,

testebis sirTulis koeficienti da isic, Tu ramdenad hqonda testebs

codnisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT moswavleTa diferencirebis unari.

paralelurad mimdinareobda Sefasebis testis Tvisebrivi kvleva,

romelSic monawileoba miiRes dawyebiTi klasebis pedagogebma,

meTodistebma da mozardTa fsiqologebma. maswavlebelTaTvis

specialurad Sedgenili kiTxvarebis saSualebiT, agreTve, oTxwledis

eqspertebTan gamarTuli diskusiebis Sedegad dadginda testebis

validoba _ gairkva, srulad moicavs Tu ara Sefasebis testi mSobliuri

enis swavlebis oTxwledis kurss, aris Tu ara testebis masala IV

klasis saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili masalis adekvaturi; ramdenad

sworad, gamarTulad, 9-10 wlis mozardisaTvis gasagebad aris

Camoyalibebuli testuri kiTxva Tu davaleba.3

fsiqometriuli analizis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve

maswavleblebTan da sagnis eqspertebTan diskusiebSi gamoTqmuli

SeniSvnebisa da miTiTebebis mixedviT, damuSavda da daixvewa Sefasebis

testi _ dadginda testur kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa raodenoba, saboloo

redaqcia Cautarda masalas.4 am gziT moixsna is gareSe faqtorebi,

romlebsac, SesaZlebelia, testirebisas xeli SeeSala moswavlisaTvis;

moswavleebs SeeqmnaT yvela piroba sakuTari codnisa da unaris

gamosavlenad.

gadafarvis meTodis gamoyenebiT masala 16 rveulSi ganawilda.

bavSvebisaTvis kargi samuSao ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad rveulebi naxatebiT

gaformda.

Sefasebis momzadebis procesSi periodulad qveyndeboda

informacia gazeT àxal ganaTlebaSi~ Sefasebis miznisa da mimdinare

mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb.5 xolo Sefasebis Catarebamde

ramdenime xniT adre gamoqveynda Sefasebis testis nimuSebi im mizniT,

3kiTxvarebi, romlebSic asaxulia oTxwledis eqspertTa mosazrebebi saxelmwifo

SefasebisTvis SerCeuli teqstebisa da testuri kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, daculia Sefasebis

centris arqivSi. 4 Sefasebis testis saboloo versiis dadgenisas konsultaciebs gviwevda saerTaSoriso

organizacia _ saganmanaTleblo testirebis samsaxuri ETS (amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebi). 5 Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 23-29 ianvari, 2003, 2 (179), gv. 1;

Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 1-7 maisi, 2003, 16 (193), gv. 1.

7

rom saqarTvelos skolebSi dawyebiTi klasis maswavlebelTa da

moswavleTaTvis winaswar cnobili yofiliyo testis forma.6 Sefasebis

Sesaxeb informacia da testebis nimuSebi ganTavsda, agreTve, Sefasebis

centris veb-gverdze www.naec.ge

g. Sefasebis kiTxvarebi

mSobliuri enis swavlebis procesSi gamovlenili xarvezebis

mizezebis dadgenis mizniT Sedga maswavlebelTa, moswavleTa da

mSobelTa kiTxvarebi. am gziT saswavlo procesSi yvelaze aqtiurad

CarTul pirebs miecaT saSualeba, gamoeTqvaT sakuTari mosazreba

mimdinare saswavlo procesTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebze. kiTxvarebis

monacemTa analizis safuZvelze ikveTeba, Tu ra aris saswavlo procesSi

gamovlenili calkeuli xarvezis mizezi: swavlebis meTodi, ojaxuri

garemo, saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo da a. S.

II. saswavlo procesis Sefaseba

saswavlo procesis saxelmwifo Sefaseba Catarda 2003 wlis

seqtember-oqtomberSi Tbilissa da saqarTvelos regionebSi: aWara, guria,

imereTi, samegrelo, raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, Sida

qarTli, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, kaxeTi. testireba CautardaT

rogorc barSi, ise maRalmTian mxareSi mdebare qalaqis, dabis da

soflis skolebis moswavleebs. testirebaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos

312 skolis me-5 klasis 6300 moswavle.

testirebis monawile skolebis nusxa dadginda e. w. SemTxveviTi

SerCevis meTodiT, rac miRebuli, nacadi saSualebaa saswavlo procesis

saxelmwifo SefasebaSi. es meTodi empiriuli monacemebis ganzogadebisa

da obieqturi daskvnebis gamotanis SesaZleblobas qmnis. rac Seexeba

SefasebaSi monawile moswavleebis raodenobas, statistikurad sandod

aris miCneuli is Sedegi da daskvnebi, romlebic miRebulia moswavleTa

saerTo raodenobis 10%-is testirebis Sedegad. saswavlo wlis

dasawyisSi moswavleTa codnis Semowmeba aseve miRebuli meTodia da

6 Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 13-19 Tebervali, 2003, 5 (182), gv. 1;

Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 6-12 marti, 2003, 8 (185), gv. 1.

8

kargad warmoaCens, Tu ramdenad safuZvliani da mtkicea wina klasebSi

dagrovili codna da SeZenili unarebi.

testireba Caatares specialurad momzadebulma damkvirveblebma.

Tbilissa da regionebSi procesma daubrkoleblad Caiara. testireba _

Semowmebis axali da saqarTvelos mozardTa umetesi nawilisaTvis ucxo

forma _ moswavleebma kargad miiRes da xalisiT moekidnen samuSaos.7

a. testirebis Sedegebis kvlevis meTodebi

iseve rogorc Sefasebis momzadebis procesi, Sefasebis mizniT

Catarebuli testirebis Sedegebis kvlevac ori mimarTulebiT warimarTa.

erTia empiriuli kvleva, romelic gulisxmobs testirebis Sedegebis

fsiqometriul analizs, kiTxvarebis statistikur damuSavebas da a. S.

xolo meore _ testirebis Sedegebis Tvisebrivi kvleva, romelic

iTvaliswinebs sagnis eqspertebTan _ oTxwledis pedagogebTan,

meTodistebTan, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebTan, fsiqologebTan _

diskusiebisa da saubrebis saSualebiT kvlevis garkveuli kriteriumebis

dadgenas da am kriteriumebis saSualebiT testirebis Sedegebis kvlevas.

b. Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi

imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes, Tu ra codna da gamocdileba aqvs

dagrovebuli moswavles Sesamowmeblad SerCeul sferoebSi (kiTxva, wera,

gramatika, leqsika), testirebis Sedegad miRebuli empiriuli monacemebi

daiyo oTxi safexuris mixedviT:

1. saSualoze dabali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobidan 75%-100%.

2. saSualo safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 50%-75%.

3. saSualoze maRali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 25%-50%.

4. maRali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 5%-25%.

Sesafaseblad SerCeul sferoebSi (kiTxva, wera, gramatika, leqsika)

miRweuli Sedegebi am safexurebis mixedviT aRiwera.

mimdinare saswavlo procesSi arsebuli dadebiTi mxarisa Tu

xarvezis gamosakveTad efeqturi meTodia empiriuli monacemebis, anu

7 tardeba saswavlo procesis pirveli erovnuli Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi, axali

ganaTleba, 2003, gv. moswavleTa namuSevrebi inaxeba Sefasebisa da gamocdebis centris

arqivSi.

9

testirebis Sedegebis Sedareba e. w. mosalodnel SedegTan _ ras elian

moswavleTagan sagnis eqspertebi dRevandel skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo

procesis pirobebSi. mosalodneli Sedegis gamosakveTad oTxwledis

eqspertTa jgufma _ mowveulma pedagogebma, fsiqologebma da mSobliuri

enis specialistebma sirTulis xarisxis mixedviT gaaanalizes SefasebaSi

gamoyenebuli masala. maTi monacemebis statistikurad damuSavebis

Sedegad gamoikveTa mosalodneli Sedegis suraTi _ ramdenad daZleven

moswavleebi calkeul testur kiTxvasa da davalebas. mosalodneli

Sedegi ganisazRvra moswavleTa oTxi jgufisTvis: saSualoze dabali,

saSualo, saSualoze maRali da maRali moswrebis moswavleebisTvis.

faqtobrivad, gamoikveTa eqspertTa azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra

aris daZleuli da ra _ ara dRevandel pirobebSi. mosalodneli

Sedegebisa da realuri suraTis SedarebiTi analizi saswavlo procesis

Sefasebis kvlevis erT-erTi mxarea.8

8 saxelmwifo SefasebaSi am meTodis gamoyeneba SemoTavazebulia saganmanaTleblo

testirebis samsaxuris ETS-is warmomadgenlis, svaminaTan hariharanis mier.

10

III. sferoebi

mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis Sefasebis mizniT Semowmda

oTxi sfero: kiTxva, leqsika, wera, gramatika.

1. kiTxva - wigniereba9

dawyebiT klasebSi moswavle ecnoba sxvadasva tipis teqstebs. igi

kiTxulobs imitom, rom iswavlos, miiRos garkveuli literaturuli

gamocdileba, Camouyalibdes mxatvruli gemovneba.

kiTxvis daniSnuleba, mizani

IV klasis damTavrebisas kiTxva, ZiriTadad, or mizans emsaxureba:

1. literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebas;

2. informaciis miRebas da dagrovebas.

kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT xels uwyobs

zogadad kiTxvis mimarT interesis gaRviZebas, wignis siyvarulisa da

mxatvruli teqstebis kiTxvisas siamovnebis gancdis unaris Camoyalibebas.

xolo kiTxva informaciis miRebisa da dagrovebis mizniT exmareba

moswavles codnis SeZenasa da dagrovebaSi.

pirveli miznis (literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis) Semowmeba

xdeba mxatvruli teqstebiT. xolo meore miznis (informaciis miRebis da

dagrovebis) - informaciuli xasiaTis teqstebiT.10

1. 1. testis aRwera

SefasebaSi kiTxvis sferos Sesamowmeblad SeirCa Semdegi masala: _

literaturuli nawarmoebebi, romlebic rogorc sirTuliT, ise

Janrobrivad analogiuria IV klasis saxelmZRvaneloebsa da klasgareSe

9 dawyebiT klasebSi kiTxvis unar-Cvevis SefasebaSi (rogorc kiTxvis testis Sedgenisas,

ise Sedegebis Tvisebrivi kvlevisas) ZiriTadad daveyrdeniT PIRLS–is (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) meTodologias. PIRLS warmoadgens ganaTlebis Sefasebis

internacionaluri asociaciis (IEA) erT-erT programas, romlis mizania msoflios

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi testirebis saSualebiT 9-10 wlis mozardTa kiTxvis unar-Cvevis

Sefaseba. amgvari Sefaseba tardeba oTx weliwadSi erTxel. bolo Sefaseba, romelSic

monawileoba miiRo 40-mde qveyanam, Catarda 2001 wels. 10 SevniSnavT, rom kiTxvis miznebi yovelTvis sworxazovnad ar ukavSirdeba Sesabamis

teqstebs. es kavSiri xSir SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia mkiTxvelis interesebsa da

gemovnebaze. ar aris gamoricxuli, mxatvrulma teqstma garkveuli codnis SeZenas

Seuwyos xeli, xolo sainformacio xasiaTis teqstma garkveuli interesebis mqone

mkiTxvelSi siamovnebis gancdac aRZras.

11

sakiTxav wignebSi warmodgenili masalisa da, sazogadod, im mxatvruli

nawarmoebebisa, romlebsac kiTxulobs 9-10 wlis bavSvi. esenia:

mzispirisnabani _ xalxuri zRapari, caswavala _ literaturuli zRapari

(goderZi Coxelis amave saxelwodebis nawarmoebis mixedviT), daviT

javaxiSvilis quCaSi mosmenili saubari11 _ Tanamedrove sabavSvo

moTxroba. kiTxvis testSi CavrTeT, agreTve, saprogramo nawarmoebebic:

Zmani xerxeuliZeni _ istoriuli moTxroba iakob gogebaSvilis mixedviT,

nawyveti akaki wereTlis leqsidan Zvel samefos da nawyveti l. asaTianis

leqsidan krwanisis yayaCoebi. saprogramo masalis CarTva kiTxvis testSi

miznad isaxavda imis gamovlenas, Tu ra gansxvaveba aRmoCndeboda

Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT naswavl teqstebsa da ucnob nawarmoebebs

Soris. mxatvruli teqstebi sxvadasxva tipisaa. magaliTad, daviT

javaxiSvilis moTxrobaSi personaJTa xasiaTi dialogSia gamokveTili.

mxatvrul zRaparSi caswavala, romelic igavis niSnebsac Seicavs,

mTavari personaJis xasiaTis gamokveTa misi saqcielis, moqmedebis

mixedviT xdeba da a. S. zemoT dasaxelebuli masala oTx blokSi

Semdegnairad ganawilda:

1. mzispirisnabani /Zvel samefos _ 12 testuri kiTxva, 1 test.

davaleba (m01 – m13)

2. caswavala _ 13 testuri kiTxva (c01 – c13)

3. quCaSi mosmenili saubari _ 12 testuri kiTxva (q01 - q12).

4. Zmani xerxeuliZeni / krwanisis yayaCoebi _ 13 testuri kiTxva (x01-

x13).

_ sainformacio teqstebi, romelic analogiuria saswavlo saganTa

(maTematikis, bunebis) saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili teqstebisa.

sainformacio teqstebis Tematikaa: kometebi, dinozavrebi, olimpiuri

TamaSebi, amerikis aRmoCena, wignis samyaro, maTematikuri amocana, romlis

Sinaarsis gagebac xSirad uWirT xolme moswavleebs da a. S. ZiriTadad,

es masala warmoadgens Tematurad da qronologiuri principiT

organizebul teqstebs, romlebsac sabavSvo enciklopediebSi, Jurnalebsa

da gazeTebSi vxvdebiT. gamoyenebulia, agreTve, saleqsikono ganmartebebi,

112002 wlis Semodgomaze Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnulma centrma GCaatara

literaturuli konkursi 9-10 wlis bavSvebisTvis dawerili saukeTeso prozauli

nawarmoebebis gamosavlenad. d. javaxiSvilis moTxroba quCaSi mosmenili saubari

swored konkursSi gamarjvebuli cxra moTxrobidan erT-erTia.

12

romlebic umeteswilad amoRebulia ucxo sityvaTa sabavSvo

leqsikonidan (Semdgeneli m. WabaSvili, 1999).

masala am SemTxvevaSic oTx blokSi dajgufda:

1. kometebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: indielebi /ambavi diogenes Sesaxeb /

wignis sarCevi _ 14 testuri kiTxva da 1 testuri davaleba (k01 –k15);

2. amerikis aRmoCena / saleqsikono ganmarteba: liliputi / mocartis

biografiidan _ 15 testuri kiTxva, 1 testuri davaleba (a01 _ a16);

3. dinozavrebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: giganti / wignis yda / muzeumi,

Teatri, biblioTeka _ 16 testuri kiTxva da 1 davaleba (d01 _ d17);

4. olimpiuri TamaSebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: goliaTi / maTemat.

amocana / mxatvruli, saswavlo, sacnobaro xasiaTis wignebi _ 15 testuri

kiTxva da 1 davaleba (o01 _ o16).

kiTxvis testi Seicavs rogorc testur kiTxvebs (Ria/arCeviTi), ise

testur davalebebs. testuri davalebebi Semdegnairia: moswavles evaleba

ujrebSi gaanawilos sxadasxva daniSnulebis wigni, aagos moTxroba

mocemuli winadadebebiT, dasawyisi SeurCios mocemul ambavs. rac Seexeba

testur kiTxvebs, kerZod, Ria testur kiTxvas, maTi umetesoba mokle

pasuxs moiTxovs. testur kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa udidesi nawili

erTquliania. mxolod oTxi testuri kiTxvaa orquliani. am SemTxvevaSi

qulaTa raodenoba warmoaCens, srulyofilad Tu nawilobriv amokriba

moswavlem informacia, ramdenad SeZlo man teqstsa da testur kiTxvaze

koncentrireba.12

amgvarad, kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT

Semowmda 51 testuri kiTxviT, xolo kiTxva informaciis miRebisa da

gamoyenebis mizniT _ 64 testuri kiTxviT da davalebiT.

12 9-10 wlis mozardTa kiTxvis unaris Sesamowmebel testSi miRebulia iseTi 2 da 3-

quliani testuri kiTxvebis CarTva, romlebic amowmebs, Tu ramdenad Rrmad Caswvda

moswavle teqstSi impliciturad mocemul informacias, magaliTad, personaJis xasiaTs,

nawarmoebis ideas da a. S. radganac saqarTveloSi pirvelad Catarda testireba

oTxwledSi, am tipis kiTxvebs sirTulis gamo Segnebulad moverideT. amave mizeziT Ria

kiTxvebis udidesi nawili mokle pasuxs moiTxovs.

13

wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi

kiTxvis miznebs Soris sxvaobis miuxedavad, procesebi da

strategiebi, romlebsac mkiTxveli iyenebs ama Tu im teqstis kiTxvis

dros, orive SemTxvevaSi metnaklebad saerToa. es procesebia:

a. eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna;

b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana;

g. azrebisa da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan,

gamocdilebasTan Sejerebis safuZvelze;

d. teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba.13

a. eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna (aRdgena-amocnoba14)

es procesi gulisxmobs winadadebaSi an frazaSi Riad, cxadad

mocemuli informaciis, azris an detalis dakavSirebas SekiTxvaSi

mocemul mosaZiebel informaciasTan da am gziT pasuxis povnas,

amocnobas. am dros mkiTxvels ar moeTxoveba (an TiTqmis ar moeTxoveba)

daskvnis gakeTeba. es procesi xels uwyobs ama Tu im sagnis swavlisas

faqtobrivi informaciis amokrefis da dagrovebis, agreTve leqsikonebis,

enciklopediebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevis Camoyalibebas. procesis

Semowmeba xdeba Semdegi komponentebis mixedviT:

• eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (faqtis, movlenis an azris)

aRdgena/amocnoba: c02, c06, c07, x08, d03, d04, d11, o02, o03, o09, k07,

k13, a01, a08;

• eqspliciturad mocemuli movlenis an moqmedebis adgilis

amocnoba/aRdgena: q01, x01, x04, m01, m05, d08, k12, a03, a04.

• eqspliciturad mocemuli movlenis an moqmedebis drois amocnoba/

aRdgena: m04, d01, o04, o13.

• eqspliciturad mocemuli detalis aRdgena: q06, c05, m02, d07, o01,

o05.

13 calkeuli procesis da misi Semadgeneli komponentebis ganxilvisas vuTiTebT im

testur kiTxvaTa nomrebs, romlebic amowmebs ama Tu im procesis calkeul komponents. 14àRdgena~ gulisxmobs Ria testur kiTxvaSi pasuxis Caweras, xolo àmocnoba~ _

arCeviT testur kiTxvaSi swori pasuxis Semoxazvas.

14

• garkveul konteqstSi mocemuli sityvis, terminis an frazis

mniSvnelobis, ganmartebis amocnoba/aRdgena: q04, d02, d10, o08, k05,

k01, k10, a11, a14;

• teqstis erT winadadebaSi (igulisxmeba rTuli qvewyobili

winadadeba kavSirebiT: `radgan~, ìmitom, rom~ da àmitomac~)

moqceuli mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva da mizezis aRdgena:

c01, c04, x06, d05, d12, o10, k02, k11, a07, a12.

b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana

es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis sxvadasxva nawilSi mocemuli

informaciisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiT uSualo

daskvnis gamotanas. amgvari daskvnebis gamotana, iseve rogorc

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna, teqsts uSualod emyareba,

oRond am dros mkiTxvelis yuradReba teqstis ufro vrcel monakveTebze

an mTlian teqstzea mimarTuli. es procesi saSualebas aZlevs mkiTxvels,

amoikiTxos is, rac teqstSi eqspliciturad ar aris mocemuli, magram

teqstidan uSualod gamomdinareobs. es procesi xels uwyobs zogadad

kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, gansakuTrebiT ki argumentaciis

unaris Camoyalibebas. procesi Semowmda Semdegi komponentebis mixedviT:

• teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTs Soris mizezSedegobrivi

kavSiris danaxva da mizezis aRdgena/amocnoba: m07, x02, k03,

d06.

• teqstSi mocemul faqtebs an mosazrebebs Soris kavSiris

danaxva da daskvnis gamotana: q07, q08, m12, o06, k04, k14, a05,

a06,15 a16, o12.

• teqstidan gamomdinare daskvnis, azris dasabuTeba teqstSi

eqspliciturad mocemuli argumentebis povnisa da aRdgenis

gziT: q10, x03, c08.

• personaJis xasiaTis TvisebaTa amocnoba misi moqmedebis,

qcevis mixedviT: c09, m06.

• dialogSi mocemuli frazis, winadadebis identificireba

personaJTan: q02, q03.

15 a05 da a06 teqsturi kiTxvebis pasuxisas uSualo daskvnis gamotanasTan erTad

SesaZloa amoqmeddes interpretaciis da integrirebis procesi (ix. procesi g.)

15

g. azris da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis

safuZvelze

es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis mTlianobaSi gagebas, teqstSi

mocemuli azrebisa da informaciis gaazrebas; rogorc mTeli teqstis,

ise misi calkeuli pasaJis implicituri Sinaarsis amocnobas da

interpretacias teqstis sakuTar codnasTan da gamocdilebasTan

dakavSirebis safuZvelze. es procesi xels uwyobs kritikuli

azrovnebis, gansjis unaris ganviTarebas. IV klasis damTavrebisas am

procesis farglebSi moswavles unda SeeZlos:

• teqstis mTavari ideis, ZiriTadi azris, Temis amocnoba: m10, x10,

c12, m13, o07, d09, k08, a09.

• mTlianad nawarmoebis an personaJis ganwyobis amocnoba: q09, q12,

c03, c10.

• nawarmoebSi momxdari ambis, movlenis, agreTve personaJis

mdgomareobis an moqmedebis motivis amocnoba: x09, x11, m08.

• sakuTari codnisa da teqstSi mocemuli faqtebis dakavSirebis

safuZvelze daskvnis gakeTeba: x12, a0216.

• varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva: k06.

• garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari azris gamoTqma da

logikurad Camoyalibeba: c13, o15.

• zogadad wignierebasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis da codnis

gamovlena (wignis Tavfurclis da sarCevis mixedviT wignis

agebulebis da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna: o16,

d14-15-16, k15. biblioTekis, muzeumis, Teatris, kinoTeatris

daniSnulebis gansazRvra: d17; inicialis mixedviT saxelis

amocnoba: a13).

d. teqstis specifikis, enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba

es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis enobrivi da mxatvruli gamosaxvis

saSualebebis garCevas da Sefasebas, rac xels uwyobs teqstis

16 a02 testuri kiTxvis pasuxisas interpretacia-integrirebis process SeiZleba

Caenacvlos uSualo daskvnis gamotanis procesi.

16

esTetikuri aRqmis unaris Camoyalibebas. IV klasis damTavrebisas Tavisi

codnisa da dagrovili gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT moswavles unda

SeeZlos:

• realursa da SeTxzuls (mxatvrul pirobiTobas) Soris

gansxvavebis danaxva; mxatvruli Janrebis – zRapris, igavis,

leqsis, agreTve, sainformacio xasiaTis (istoriuli,

sabunebismetyvelo, saleqsikono) teqstebis specifikis codna:

m11, c11, a10, k09, o11, d13, a15.17

• mxatvrul teqstSi gamosaxvis saSualebaTa (dialogis,

aRweris, daxasiaTebis) amocnoba: q11.

• mxatvruli xerxebis (Sedarebis, epiTetis), agreTve andazis

aRdgena/amocnoba: x05, x07, x13, m03, m09, q0518.

• specifikuri teqstis (mag. maTematikis amocanis) agebulebaSi

garkveva: o14.

zemoT ganxiluli oTxive procesi Semowmebulia rogorc

mxatvruli, ise sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebis mixedviT. moqmedebebi,

romlebsac moswavle mimarTavs am procesebis dros, aris:

identificireba, producireba, Tavisufali producireba.19 calkeuli

procesisa da moqmedebis Semowmeba warimarTa Semdegi TanafardobiT:

17 ar gamovricxavT, rom im testur kiTxvaTa pasuxisas, romlebic moiTxovs teqstebis

xasiaTis amocnobas (a10, a15, k09, o11, d13), teqstis enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis

gaazrebis process (d) Caenacvlos interpretaciisa da integrirebis procesi (g.), an

orma procesma (g. da d.) erTmaneTi Seavsos. 18 q05 testuri kiTxvis pasuxisas teqstis enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazrebis

process SeiZleba Caenacvlos informaciis sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis procesi. 19 iseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa reproducireba, mSobliur enaSi kiTxvis unar-Cvevis

Semowmebisas, ZiriTadad, ar mowmdeba.

17

identificireba

producireba

Tavisufali

producireba

a. eqspliciturad mocemuli

informaciis povna

52

testuri

kiTxva

(19 arC., 33 Ria)

_

_

b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana

18

testuri

kiTxva

(6 arC. 12 Ria)

3

(2 testuri

davaleba,

1 arC.

testuri

kiTxva)

_

g. azris da informaciis

interpretacia sakuTar

codnasTan Sejerebis

safuZvelze

7

(2testuri

davaleba

5 testuri

kiTxva (4 arC.,

1 Ria)

18

testuri

kiTxva

(15 arC., 3

Ria)

2

(Ria

testuri

kiTxva)

d. teqstis enisa da mxatvruli

xerxebis gaazreba

7

testuri

kiTxva

(2 arC., 5 Ria)

8

testuri

kiTxva

(7 arC., 1

Ria)

_

18

amgvari Tanafardoba, kerZod, meti raodenobis kiTxva iseTi

procesis Sesamowmeblad, rogoricaa eqspliciturad mocemuli

informaciis povna, ganapiroba im faqtma, rom dawyebiT klasebSi es

umTavresi samuSaoa. agreTve, mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba teqstze

dayrdnobiT uSualo daskvnebis gamotanas. rac Seexeba azris

interpretaciasa da integracias, rac umeteswilad producirebis

saSualebiT xorcieldeba, SedarebiT rTul procesad aris miCneuli am

asakis moswavlisaTvis. igive SeiZleba iTqvas teqstis enisa da mxatvruli

xerxebis gaazrebis Sesaxeb. amitom am procesTa Semowmebisas upiratesoba

arCeviT kiTxvebs mieniWa. testur kiTxvaTa raodenobac am SemTxvevaSi

SedarebiT naklebia.

zemoT ganxiluli wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi da kiTxvis

miznebi warmoadgens wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sesamowmebeli testuri

kiTxvebisa da davalebebis safuZvels, baziss.

rac Seexeba kiTxvis mimarT moswavlis damokidebulebas, is

mowmdeba moswavleebis, mSoblebisa da maswavleblebisTvis Sedgenili

kiTxvarebis saSualebiT.

1. 2. miRwevis doneebi

saSualoze dabali safexuri

moswavleebi saSualoze dabal safexurze, rogorc mxatvruli, ise

sainformacio teqstebis kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas axerxeben im testur

kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas, romlebic, ZiriTadad, ar saWiroebs daskvnebis

gamotanas, an teqstis interpretacias. maT SeuZliaT teqstSi

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna, isic mxolod nawilobriv.

kiTxvebi, romlebsac moswavleebma sworad gasces pasuxi, ukavSirdeba,

ZiriTadad, teqstis drosa da sivrceSi orientacias _ Tu sad da rodis

xdeba moqmedeba. am safexurze mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebisas

moswavleebs SeuZliaT teqstidan daskvnis gamotana da interpretireba.

mxolod nacnobi, Seswavlili masalis mixedviT, isic nawilobriv.

19

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic

amowmebs moswavleTa kiTxvis unars literaturuli gamocdilebis

miRebis mizniT da daZleulia saSualoze dabal safexurze.

nimuSi 1 – testuri kiTxva (m01) ukavSirdeba zRapris

(mzispirisnabani) sivrceSi orientacias. mTavari gmiri, mzeTunaxavi qali

tovebs mSobliur saxls da bedis saZebnelad midis. ZiZa mas urCevs,

aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT iaros. mogzaurobis pirveli dRis bolos

mzeTunaxavi trial mindorze xvdeba. moswavlem eqspliciturad mocemuli

detalis (ZiZis rCevis) mixedviT pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas, Tu qveynis

romel mxares mdebareobs triali mindori. am Ria kiTxvas sworad

upasuxa moswavleTa 79%-ma. saSualoze dabal safexurze zRapris

sivrceSi orientacia mxolod nawilobriv moxerxda, radgan am teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sxva testuri kiTxvebis daZleva, romlebic zRapris

sivrceSi orientacias ukavSirdeba, mxolod zeda safexurebze aRmoCnda

SesaZlebeli.20

nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (x10) ukavSirdeba oTxwledis saprogramo

nawarmoebs, istoriul moTxrobas _ iakob gogebaSvilis Zmani

xerxeuliZeni. moTxrobaSi aRwerilia erT-erTi momenti saqarTvelos

istoriidan, kerZod, XVII saukuneSi qarTvelTa da sparselTa Soris

gamarTuli brZola marabdis velze, romelSic Tavi gamoiCines Zmebma

xerxeuliZeebma. moTxroba naratiuli xasiaTisaa. gadmocemulia

xerxeuliZeebis ojaxis, Sah-abasis daundoblobis, brZolis mimdinareobis,

Zmebis daRupvis da dakrZalvis ambavi. am nawarmoebis mTavari Temis

amocnoba SeZlo moswavleTa 75%-ma.

nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (x11) exeba amave moTxrobas. nawarmoebis

Sinaarsis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis Sedegad Zmebis saqcielis motivis _

samSoblosTvis Tavganwirvis _ amocnoba arCeviT kiTxvaSi moaxerxa

moswavleTa 83%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (m11) ukavSirdeba teqstis enas, kerZod,

zRapris mxatvrul samyaros. zRapari mzispirisnabani iwyeba tradiciuli

formuliT iyo da ara iyo ra. zRapris dasawyisSive naxsenebia

mzeTunaxavi qali, romelic aseve zRapris samyaros, zRapris enis erT-

20 ix. magaliTad, testuri davaleba m12 (15%).

20

erTi komponentia. am komponentebis amocnobiT zRapris specifikis codna

gamoavlina moswavleTa 75%-ma.

amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisa

da gaazrebisas moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is kiTxvebi, romlebic

maTTvis kargad nacnob mxatvrul teqstebs ukavSirdeba. es aris zRapari,

mozardisaTvis bavSvobidanve nacnobi da axlobeli Janri, da istoriuli

moTxroba, romelsac oTxwledis saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebuli

adgili eTmoba. SevniSnavT, rom dawyebiT klasebSi patriotul-heroikuli

Tema kargadaa damuSavebuli. amitomac moswavleebma sworad upasuxes am

TemasTan dakavSirebul arCeviT kiTxvebs. nakleb savaraudoa, moswavleebs

am SemTxvevaSi miemarTaT rTuli moqmedebisaTvis, producirebisaTvis.

safiqrebelia, rom maT ubralod gaixsenes, aRidgines kargad naswavli

masala.21 saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma pasuxi ver gasces

amave TemasTan dakavSirebul Ria kiTxvebs.22 moswavleebma aseve ver

upasuxes saprogramo teqstTan dakavSirebul iseT Ria kiTxvebs,

romlebic teqstis Sinaarsis gagebas amowmebs da identificirebas

saWiroebs.23

nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 is testuri kiTxvebia, romlebic saSualoze

dabal safexurze daZlies moswavleebma sainformacio teqstebis kiTxvisa

da gaazrebisas.

nimuSi 5 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d05) ukavSirdeba sainformacio

xasiaTis teqsts dinozavrebis Sesaxeb. niSandoblivia, rom miuxedavad am

teqstSi mocemuli ucxo sityvebisa da maTi ganmartebebisa (dinozavrebis

saxelwodebebi da maTi ganmartebebi), am safexurze es teqsti, sxva

sainformacio teqstebTan SedarebiT, ukeT daZlies moswavleebma. rogorc

Cans, aq garkveuli roli Tematikam iTamaSa. rogorc cnobilia,

dinozavrebis Tema bolo xanebSi sakmaod popularulia mozardebSi.

teqstSi erT winadadebaSi eqspliciturad aris mocemuli informacia

imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom hqonda zog dinozavrs grZeli tani da maRali

21 ucxo teqstebSi producireba am tipis kiTxvebze pasuxisas moswavleebma mxolod zeda

safexurebze SeZles. ix. testuri kiTxvebi: m10 (65%), c12 (35%). 22 ix. testuri kiTxva x08 (44%). 23 ix. testuri kiTxvebi x02 (65%), x06 (73%).

21

yeli. eqspliciturad mocemuli am mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva

SeZlo moswavleTa 83%-ma.24

nimuSi 6 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d08) exeba amave teqsts. teqstSi

eqspliciturad aris mocemuli informacia saqarTveloSi dinozavris

nakvalevis adgil-mdebareobis Sesaxeb. am informaciis povna moaxerxa

moswavleTa 80%-ma.

nimuSi 7 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (o13) ukavSirdeba maTematikuri

amocanis teqsts, romlis mixedviT, 52kg. wonis wylis ku zRvaSi 1922

wels CauSves. 1937 wels, rodesac is zRvidan amoiyvanes, ku 100kg.-s

iwonida. imisaTvis, rom amocanis erT-erT kiTxvas (ramdeni weli dahyo

kum zRvaSi?) gaeces pasuxi, saWiroa, moswavlem daafiqsiros kus zRvaSi

CaSvebisa da amoyvanis wlebi. Ria testur kiTxvas kus wyalSi CaSvebis

TariRis Sesaxeb swori pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 80%-ma. SevniSnavT, rom

saSualoze dabal safexurze am teqstTan dakavSirebul danarCen or

testur kiTxvas moswavleebma ver upasuxes, e. i. maT mTlianobaSi ver

gaiges amocanis Sinaarsi da, cxadia, am mizeziT isini me-4 klasisaTvis

gankuTvnil am amocanas ver amoxsnian.

nimuSi 8 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d14) amowmebs moswavlis wignierebas

_ ramdenad icnobs mozardi wigns da, saerTod, aqvs Tu ara wignTan

urTierTobis gamocdileba. testuri kiTxvebis erT bloks erTvis

sabavSvo wignis ydis nimuSi (asli), romelzedac aRniSnulia wignis

saTauri, avtori da gamocemis TariRi. testuri kiTxvebidan, romlebic

wignis am sam komponents exeba, daZleulia mxolod erTi _ vin aris

wignis avtori? am kiTxvaze pasuxi sworad gasca moswavleTa 88%-ma.25

amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze sainformacio teqstis

kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas moswavleebma mxolod nawilobriv SeZles

teqstebSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna. testuri

kiTxvebi, romlebsac am safexurze gaeca pasuxi, identificirebas

moiTxovs.

24 amave teqstTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas (d06, 74%), romelic ori winadadebis

dakavSirebas da maT Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxvas moiTxovs, moswavleebma

am safexurze pasuxi ver gasces. 25 wignTan dakavSirebiT danarCen testur kiTxvebze swori pasuxi moswavleebma gasces

maRal safexurebze: d15 (45%), d16 (61%).

22


kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT

moswavles SeuZlia:

- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (personaJTa

moqmedebis adgilis) povna;

- Seswavlili, nacnobi masalis mixedviT nawarmoebis ZiriTadi

Temis amocnoba.

kiTxva informaciis mopovebis mizniT

moswavles SeuZlia:

- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (sad da rodis

moxda movlena, faqti) povna;

- zogadad wignierebasTan dakavSirebuli minimaluri gamocdilebis

gamovlena.

nimuSi 1.

qveynis romel mxares aris zRaparSi

triali mindori?

aRmosavleTis mxares/ aRmosavleTiT

23

nimuSi 2.

moTxrobaSi aRwerilidan ra aris mTavari?

a. Sah-abazis daundoblobis Cveneba;

* b. cxra Zma xerxeuliZis gmirobis

gadmocema;

g. xerxeuliZeTa ojaxis aRwera.

nimuSi 3.

ratom ibrZodnen Zmebi xerxeuliZeebi mtris

winaaRmdeg TavganwirviT?

* a. imitom, rom isini mxurvale mamuliSvilebi iyvnen

da ar undodaT, samSoblo mtrisTvis daeTmoT;

b. imitom, rom saxelovani vaJkacis saxeli

aravisTvis daeTmoT;

g. imitom, rom xerxeuliZeebi mefisgan elodnen

jildosa da dawinaurebas.

nimuSi 4.

amowere pirveli abzacidan is sityvebi,

saidanac Cans, rom Cven zRapars

vkiTxulobT:

iyo da ara iyo ra/ mzeTunaxavi qali

24

nimuSi 5.

ratom hqonda zogierT dinozavrs grZeli

tani da maRali yeli?

xis foTlebs advilad rom miswvdomoda.

nimuSi 6.

saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSia aRmoCenili

dinozavris nakvalevi?

quTaisis maxloblad, saTafliaSi /

saTafliaSi / imereTSi

nimuSi 7.

rodis CauSva patronma ku toto zRvaSi?

1922 wels.

nimuSi 8.

es wignis ydaa:

vin aris am wignis avtori?

daTo zurabiSvili

25

saSualo safexuri

saSualo safexurze, rogorc mxatvruli, ise sainformacio teqstebis

kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas, moswavleebi umeteswilad sworad pasuxoben im

testur kiTxvebs, romlebic teqstSi eqspliciturad warmodgenili

detalis, faqtis, movlenis povnas ukavSirdeba. Tumca saSualo

safexurze es procesi mTlianad ar aris daZleuli. darCenilia am

procesis Sesamowmebeli kiTxvebis garkveuli raodenoba, romlis

daZlevac moswavleebma mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze SeZles. am

safexurze moswavles SeuZlia kavSiris danaxva teqstis or monakveTSi

warmodgenil faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris, Tumca amas axerxebs mxolod

sainformacio teqstebis gaazrebisas. moswavleebi am safexurze

nawilobriv axerxeben teqstidan garkveuli daskvnis gamotanasac.

mxatvruli teqstebis kiTxvisas am safexurze moswavle sworad scems

pasuxs im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic moiTxovs personaJis xasiaTis,

personaJTa erTmaneTis mimarT damokidebulebis gaazrebas maTi

konkretuli saqcielis an moqmedebis mixedviT. aseve, sworad upasuxes im

testur kiTxvebs, romlebic erTi pasaJis mixedviT mwerlis personaJis

mimarT damokidebulebis amocnobas moiTxovs. rac Seexeba mTeli

nawarmoebis gaazrebis Sedegad gamotanil daskvnebs, es am safexurze

moswavleebma SeZles mxolod nawilobriv _ maTTvis kargad nacnobi

Janris, zRapris farglebSi. aseve maT sworad upasuxes im kiTxvebis

umetesobasac, romelic mxatvruli teqstis enas, mxatvrul samyaros

exeba.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im tipis testur kiTxvebs, romlebic

moswavleebma saSualo safexurze daZlies mxatvruli teqstebis

gaazrebisas.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri kiTxva (c08) ukavSirdeba literaturul zRapars

`caswavala~, romlis mTavari personaJia patara Citi, saxelad caswavala.

mas aqvs patara CitisTvis TiTqos Seuferebeli ocneba _ maRla caSi

afrena. es aris personaJi, romelic Tavisi miswrafebiT da saqcieliT

gamorCeulia da, amdenad, miuRebelia garSemo myofTaTvis (tyis

frinvelebisTvis). miuxedavad imisa, rom mis mimarT mtrulad arian

ganwyobilni da sastikad sjian, igi Tavisas ar iSlis da Tavis ocnebas

26

axorcielebs _ maRla caSi mifrinavs, Tumca im tyeSi aRar brundeba,

sadac mas sastikad moeqcnen. tyis frinvelebs Soris erTaderTia

molaRuri, romelic TanagrZnobas avlens caswavalas mimarT. testuri

kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara mozards am azris dasabuTeba teqstidan

motanili faqtebis moSveliebiT. am Ria testur kiTxvas, romelic

identificirebas saWiroebs da teqstze dayrdnobiT erTi personaJis

meoris mimarT damokidebulebis gansazRvras amowmebs, upasuxa

moswavleTa 58%-ma.

nimuSi 2 – arCeviTi testuri kiTxva c03 ukavSirdeba amave teqsts da

amowmebs, axerxebs Tu ara moswavle, gansazRvros mTavari pesonaJis

mimarT sxva personaJTa damokidebuleba. am testur kiTxvas, romelic

producirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 68%-ma.26

nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (c04) exeba isev `caswavalas~ da

amowmebs,ASeuZlia Tu ara moswavles teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli

mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva or damoukidebel, magram azrobrivad

dakavSirebul winadadebas Soris. am Ria testur kiTxvas, romelic

identificirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 66%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (x07) ukavSirdeba teqsts `Zmani

xerxeuliZeni~. moswavles evaleba, moaxdinos mxatvruli saxis, Sedarebis

identificireba. am Ria testur kiTxvas sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 56%-

ma.

nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 _ is testuri kiTxvebia, romlebsac moswavleebma

saSualo safexurze upasuxes da romlebic sainformacio xasiaTis

teqstis kiTxvisa da gaazrebis unars amowmebs.

nimuSi 5 _ testuri kiTxva (a09) ukavSirdeba sainformacio teqsts

amerikis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. teqstSi mTavari ambis gadmocemasTan erTad

motanilia informacia amerikidan evropaSi mcenareTa Semotanis Sesaxeb;

aseve aRwerilia mezRvaurTa mRelvareba kolumbis xomaldebze wynari

okeanis gadacurvisas. arCeviT kiTxvas, romelic producirebas moiTxovs

da amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles, amoicnos teqstis mTavari,

ZiriTadi Tema, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 62%-ma.

26 am safexurze mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebisas moswavleebma sworad upasuxes kidev or

kiTxvas (m10 - 65%), (q12 – 65%), romlebic nawarmoebis mTlianobaSi gaazrebas da zogadi

daskvnis gamotanas moiTxovs.

27

nimuSi 6 _ testuri kiTxva (d06) ukavSirdeba teqsts dinozavrebis

Sesaxeb. kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles dainaxos

mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri teqstis or winadadebas Soris da gamoitanos

daskvna. teqstis erT winadadebaSi aRniSnulia, rom dinozavrTa nawili

xorciT ikvebeboda. meore winadadebaSi ki miTiTebulia, rom am

dinozavrebs basri kbilebi da brWyalebi hqondaT. am or informacias

Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri SeniSna da Ria kiTxvas sworad upasuxa

moswavleTa 74%-ma.

nimuSi 7 _ testuri kiTxva (a02) ukavSirdeba teqsts amerikis

aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles teqstis

or sxvadasxva monakveTSi motanili faqtebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba da

saTanado daskvnis gamotana. teqstis dasawyisSi aRniSnulia, rom

kolumbis mogzauroba daiwyo 1492 wlis 3 agvistos. teqstis meore

monakveTSi ki miTiTebulia, rom 1492 wlis 12 oqtombers misi xomaldebi

miadga amerikis sanapiros. aqve aRniSnulia, rom mogzauroba or Tveze

met xans gagrZelda. moswavlem ori informacia (amerikaSi gamgzavrebisa

da amerikaSi Casvlis faqti da TariRebi) erTmaneTs unda daukavSiros da

upasuxos arCeviT kiTxvas, Tu ramden xans gagrZelda kolumbis

mogzauroba (a. oTxi kvira; / b. ori kvira; / g. samocdaTerTmeti dRe). ar

aris gamoricxuli, moswavle daeyrdnos mxolod informacias imis

Sesaxeb, rom mogzauroba or Tveze met xans gagrZelda da sakuTar

codnaze dayrdnobiT (1 Tve=30/31 dRe) upasuxos am kiTxvas.

nimuSi 8 _ testuri davaleba (d17) amowmebs moswavlis kulturis

sferoSi gaTviTcnobierebas _ icis Tu ara moswavlem biblioTekis,

muzeumis, Teatrisa da kinoTeatris daniSnuleba. es testuri davaleba

sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saSualod 67%-ma.

amgvarad, saSualo safexurze moswavleebma sainformacio xasiaTis

teqstebis gaazrebisas SeZles rogorc teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTebs

Soris kavSiris danaxva, ise teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze

ZiriTadi Temis amocnoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave safexurze mxatvruli

teqstis gaazrebisas es amocanebi ar aris daZleuli, am samuSaos Tavi

gaarTves miRwevis donis saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze

myofma moswavleebma.

28

saSualo safexuri


moswavles SeuZlia:

- teqstis or winadadebaSi mocemuli azris, movlenis erTmaneTTan

dakavSireba da mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis danaxva.

- teqstidan gamomdinare konkretuli azris dasabuTeba teqstidan

motanili faqtis an detalis moSveliebiT.

- teqstis garkveuli monakveTis gaazrebis safuZvelze konkretuli

daskvnis gamotana personaJebis xasiaTis, maTi erTmaneTis mimarT

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.

- mxatvruli saxeebis amocnoba.

kiTxva informaciis miRebis mizniT

moswavles SeuZlia:

- teqstis or winadadebaSi mocemul faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris

kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.

- teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTSi mocemul faqtebsa da movlenebs

Soris kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.

- teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze teqstis xasiaTis da

ZiriTadi Temis amocnoba.

nimuSi 1

frinvelebidan mxolod molaRurs Seecoda caswavala. daasabuTe es

azri.

foTlebi daafara, wyali moutana (am ori argumentidan sakmarisia

erTic).

29

nimuSi 2

me-2 abzacSi vkiTxulobT: `gadawyvites, sasamarTlo moewyoT am Tavxedi

CitisTvis.~ visi damokidebulebaa aq gamoxatuli Citisadmi, anu vin

fiqrobs, rom caswavala Tavxedia?

a. moTxrobis avtori;

b. molaRuri;

* g. is frTosnebi, romlebmac ganizraxes caswavalas gasamarTleba.

nimuSi 3

ratom iZaxda caswavala Zirs daSvebisas: `vtyui, vtyui!~?

* a. am SeZaxiliT malavda Tavis uRonobas;

b. marTla tyuoda da am SeZaxiliT Tavis tyuils aRiarebda;

g. am SeZaxiliT sxva frinvelebs aqezebda.

nimuSi 4

ras Seadara mweralma TavganwirviT mebrZoli Zmebi?

lomebs

nimuSi 5

ra aris am teqstis mTavari Tema?

a. amerikidan evropaSi mcenareebis Semotanis ambavi;

* b. amerikis aRmoCenis ambavi;

g. mezRvaurTa SfoTi kolumbis xomaldebze.

30

nimuSi 6

ratom ganuviTarda zogierT dinozavrs basri brWyalebi da kbilebi?

imitom, rom isini nadirobdnen da xorcs Wamdnen.

nimuSi 7

ramden xans grZeldeboda kolumbis mogzauroba?

a. oTxi kvira;

b. ori kvira;

* g. samocdaTerTmeti dRe.

nimuSi 8 gamoicani, sad ras

naxav

CanTa, Cogani,

maisuri

Zveli sabrZolo

iaraRi

mxatvruli filmi

`konkia~

speqtakli

`nacarqeqia~

muzeumSi

biblioTekaSi

maRaziaSi

kinoTeatrSi

TeatrSi

rveulebi, wignebi,

saswavlo nivTebi

1995-1998 wlebSi

gamocemuli

sabavSvo Jurnalebi

gamoCenili

adamianebis piradi

nivTebi

31

saSualoze maRali safexuri

am safexurze ukve mTlianad aris daZleuli teqstSi

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis gageba. moswavleebs, rogorc

mxatvruli, ise sainformaco teqstebis kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas SeuZliaT

teqstebSi eqspliciturad warmodgenili detaluri, specifikuri

informaciis povna. moswavleebi axerxeben rogorc mxatvrul, ise

sainformacio teqstebSi sxvadasxva monakveTs Soris kavSiris danaxvas da

amis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanas, agreTve, teqstis interpretacias

sakuTari codnisa da gamocdilebis moSveliebiT.

mxatvruli teqstebis gaazrebisas moswavleTaTvis mxolod

saSualoze maRal safexurze aris mTlianobaSi gasagebi dialogis

formiT gadmocemuli ambavi. Tuki teqstis ZiriTadi Temis amocnobas

sainformacio teqstebis gaazrebisas moswavleebi axerxeben saSualo

safexurze, literaturuli nawarmoebis mTavari azris, ideis amocnoba

mTlianobaSi (oTxive mxatvruli nawarmoebis mixedviT) SesaZlebeli

mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze aRmoCnda. sainformacio teqstebis

gaazrebisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT teqstis daniSnulebis gansazRvra,

varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva, teqstidan gamomdinare azris

dasabuTeba. am safexurze moswavles met-naklebad ganviTarebuli aqvs

sakuTari azris logikurad Camoyalibebis unari.

nimuSebi _ 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic

amowmebs moswavleTa kiTxvis unars literaturuli gamocdilebis

miRebis mizniT da daZleulia saSualoze maRal safexurze.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri kiTxva (q09) ukavSirdeba moTxrobas quCaSi

mosmenili saubari. moTxrobas dialogis forma aqvs. babuasa da

SviliSvilis saubari eTikis sferos ukavSirdeba _ rogor unda

moufrTxildes adamiani Tavis saxels. moTxrobaSi es sakiTxi yovelgvari

didaqtikisa da paTetikis gareSe, iumoriT aris warmodgenili. babua

uxsnis gogonas, Tu rogor da ratom unda moeridos saxelis gatexas.

gogona babuas Tavs ise aCvenebs, TiTqos `saxeli gatexa~ (qarTuli

idiomaturi gamoTqma) pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT esmis da saubari

frangebze gadaaqvs, romlebic, rogorc cnobilia, xSir SemTxvevaSi

ramdenime saxels atareben da, gogonas azriT, am gziT moxerxebulad

32

agvareben `saxelis gatexis~ problemas (èrTi gautydebaT, meore

darCebaT, meore gautydebaT _ mesame~). saubrisas gogonas Tavad eRimeba

Tavis eSmakobaze. testuri kiTxva arkvevs, gaiazra Tu ara moswavlem

mTlianobaSi moTxroba da xvdeba Tu ara igi gogonas am saqcielis

motivs (imas, rom gogona eSmakobs, Tavs miamitad warmoaCens), saboloo

jamSi ki kiTxva avlens, ramdenad Cawvda mkiTxveli am moTxrobis iumors.

am arCeviTi kiTxvis swori pasuxi, romelic producirebas saWiroebs,

amoicno moswavleTa 43%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (q10) moswavlisgan iTxovs zemoT

ganxiluli moTxrobidan gamomdinare azris dasabuTebas teqstis

gaazrebis Sedegad SeniSnuli argumentebis meSveobiT. avtori simpaTiiT

aris gamsWvaluli moTxrobis gmirebis mimarT, rac dialogSi CarTuli

avtoriseuli remarkebidan Cans. moswavlem moTxrobidan unda amoweros

erTi fraza mainc, romelic am azrs adasturebs. es Ria testuri kiTxva,

romelic identificirebas moiTxovs, daZlia moswavleTa 32%-ma.

nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (m13) ukavSirdeba akaki wereTlis

patriotul motivze Seqmnili leqsis `Zvel samefos~ fragments.

fragmentSi vxvdebiT saqarTvelos saxelovani warsulis qebas, avtoris

droindeli saqarTvelos mxatvrul saxes _ `zafxulis mzisgan damWknari

mdelo~. am gziT fragmentSi samSoblos dacemis gamo damwuxrebuli

poetis gulistkivilia gamoxatuli. akakis leqsis es strofi

mTlianobaSi gaiazra da misi ZiriTadi azri amoicno moswavleTa 40%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (c13) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara

moswavles sakuTari azris damoukideblad Camoyalibeba garkveul

sakiTxze, kerZod, ra aris mTavari imisaTvis, rom dasaxul mizans

miaRwio. testuri kiTxva, romelic saWiroebs Tavisufal producirebas,

ukavSirdeba moTxrobas caswavala, romlis mixedviTac dasaxuli miznis

misaRwevad mTavaria didi mondomeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom am testur

kiTxvas win uswrebs arCeviTi kiTxva (c12),27 romelic moTxrobis am

mTavari ideis gamokveTas ukavSirdeba da romelsac TiTqos stimuli

unda mieca moswavleebisTvis am sakiTxze dasafiqreblad, Ria testur

27 TavisTavad testur kiTxvas c12, romelic moiTxovs nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis

amocnobas, sworad pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 35%-ma.

33

kiTxvaze (c13) logikuri pasuxis gacema moaxerxa moswavleTa mxolod

42%-ma.

nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 is teqsturi kiTxvebia, romlebic amowmebs

moswavleTa kiTxvis unars informaciis mopovebis mizniT da daZleulia

saSualoze maRal safexurze.

nimuSi 5 _ arCeviTi testuri kiTxva (k06) ukavSirdeba sainformacio

teqsts kometebis Sesaxeb, kerZod teqstSi motanil varauds, romlis

mixedviTac dedamiwaze kometis Camovardna, SesaZloa, yofiliyo

dinozavrebis gadaSenebis mizezi. moswavles evaleba gaarkvios, es aris

faqti, Tu mxolod varaudi. am testur kiTxvas win uZRvis aseve arCeviTi

testuri kiTxva (k05 _ vin fiqrobs ase: zogi mecnieri, mecnierTa

umetesoba Tu yvela mecnieri)28, romlis sworad gaazreba xels uwyobs

k06-ze swori pasuxis gacemas. arCeviT kiTxvas k06, romelic saWiroebs

producirebas, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 45%-ma.

nimuSi 6 _ testuri kiTxva (a05) ukavSirdeba sainformacio xasiaTis

teqsts amerikis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. testuri kiTxvaa _romeli

kontinentidan gacura kolumbma? teqstSi es informacia eqspliciturad

ar aris mocemuli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavlisaTvis am teqstSi

gadmocemuli ambavi ucxoa,29 man Semdegi gziT unda upasuxos testur

kiTxvas: teqstis pirvel abzacSi gadmocemuli ambavi kolumbis

gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb man unda daukavSiros meore abzacs, kerZod,

kolumbis mezRvaurTa moTxovnas ukan, evropis kontinentze dabrunebis

Sesaxeb da gamoitanos daskvna. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom am asakis

zogierTma moswavlem icodes es ambavi, an geografiaSi dagrovili

codnis safuZvelze upasuxos am kiTxvas. am Ria testur kiTxvas upasuxa

moswavleTa 42%-ma.

nimuSi 7 _ testuri kiTxva (a15) exeba kiTxvis testis sainformacio

blokSi CarTul mcire moculobis teqsts, ucxo sityvis (liliputi)

saleqsikono ganmartebas. formis da Sinaarsis mixedviT moswavlem unda

28 testur kiTxvas k05 sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 50%-ma. 29 winaswari testirebis dros samuSao procesSi moswavleebze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom es

ambavi Tbilisis meoTxe klaseli moswavleebisaTvis ucxoa. umetesobisTvis ucxoa, aseve,

sityva kontinenti.

34

amoicnos mocemuli teqstis daniSnuleba. arCeviT testur kiTxvaze,

romelic producirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 34%-ma.30

nimuSi 8 _ testuri kiTxva (k15) amowmebs, ramdenad erkveva moswavle

wignis struqturaSi, kerZod, ra daniSnuleba aqvs wignSi sarCevs da

rogor unda gamoiyenos is mkiTxvelma. arCeviT testur kiTxvas sworad

gasca pasuxi moswavleTa 49%-ma.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kiTxvis testi faqtobrivad mTlianad aris

daZleuli saSualoze maRal safexurze. mxolod am safexurze SeZles

moswavleebma sworad gaecaT pasuxi im Ria testuri kiTxvebisaTvis,

romlebic producirebas moiTxovs.



moswavles SeuZlia:

- nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis, Temis amocnoba mxatvruli

teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze;

- personaJis moqmedebis motivis amocnoba mTliani teqstis

gaazrebis safuZvelze;

- personaJebis mimarT mwerlis damokidebulebis gansazRvra

teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze;

- ama Tu im azris dasabuTeba teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze;

- teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTSi mocemul azrebs Soris

kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.

kiTxva informaciis mopovebis mizniT

moswavles SeuZlia:

- sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis daniSnulebis garkveva;

- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli specifikuri informaciis

povna;

- varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva;

- sakuTari azris mwyobrad, Tanmimdevrulad gamoTqma.

30 analogiuri testuri kiTxvebia o11 (26%) da d13 (34%).,

35

nimuSi 1

ratom iRimeba gogo eSmakurad papasTan saubris dros?

a. papis naTqvams sasacilod igdebs;

* b. papa saxaliso saubarSi aiyolia da Tavis eSmakobaze eRimeba;

g. moCxubari gogonebi axsendeba.

nimuSi 2

ipove da amowere moTxrobidan is winadadeba, romelic migvaniSnebs, rom

mwerals moswons papa da SviliSvili (sakmarisia erT-erTi frazac):

`netav ra hqvia?~ - gavifiqre me. / ratomRac misamarTi davimaxsovre.

/ vinatre: `netav bevri iyos Cvens qalaqSi aseTi ezoebi~.

nimuSi 3

ra aris am leqsSi mTavari, ZiriTadi?

a. samSoblos warsulis Seqeba;

* b. samSoblos dasneulebis gamo gulistkivilis gamoxatva;

g. samSoblos bedis gadamWknar mdelosTan Sedareba.

nimuSi 4

Seni azriT, ra aris mTavari dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad?

misaRebad CaiTvleba rogorc avtoriseuli poziciis gaziareba, ise

logikurad Camoyalibebuli gansxvavebuli azri.

36

nimuSi 5

dinozavrebis gadaSenebis mizezi namdvilad dedamiwaze kometis

Camovardna iyo?

a. ara;

b. diax;

* g. SesaZloa.

nimuSi 6

romeli kontinentidan gacura kolumbma?

evropis kontinentidan

nimuSi 7

ra aris am teqstis daniSnuleba?

a. sviftis romanis Sinaarsis gadmocema;

* b. ucxo sityvis, `liliputis~ ganmarteba;

g. qondriskacis garegnobis aRwera.

37

nimuSi 8

sarCevi

Svlis nukris naambobi..................................................................... 5

STabeWdilebani ...................................................................................... 14

patara mwyemsis fiqrebi ................................................................ 23

ia ........................................................................................................................... 28

darejani ........................................................................................................ 31

kurdReli ..................................................................................................... 46

mTis wyaro ................................................................................................... 50

ras niSnavs:

ia ........................................................................................................................... 28

* a. moTxroba ìa~ 28 gverds moicavs;

b. moTxroba ìa~ iwyeba 28-e gverdze;

g. moTxroba ìa~ mTavrdeba 28-e gverdze.

maRali safexuri

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kiTxvis testi TiTqmis mTlianad daiZlia

saSualoze maRal safexurze. maRal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies

darCenili ori testuri davaleba da erTi testuri kiTxva. es testuri

davalebebi amowmebs, ramdenad aqvs moswavles Camoyalibebuli logikuri

azrovneba _ xedavs Tu ara logikur kavSirs teqstis monakveTebs Soris,

SeuZlia Tu ara, mTlianobaSi aRiqvas teqsti. mxolod am safexurze

moxerxda im testuri kiTxvis daZleva, romelic amowmebs, Tu ramdenad

SeuZlia moswavles, wakiTxulis gaazrebisas gamoiyenos sxva sferoSi

SeZenili codna; teqstSi mocemuli informaciis sakuTar codnasTan,

gamocdilebasTan SejerebiT swori pasuxi gasces kiTxvas.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3 _ is testuri kiTxva da davalebebia, romlebic

maRal safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.

nimuSi 1 – testuri davalebis (k15) mixedviT, moswavlem mocemuli

winadadebebi logikuri TanmimdevrobiT ise unda daalagos, rom miiRos

38

moTxroba Zveli berZeni filosofosis, diogenes Sesaxeb. es davaleba

sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 24%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testur davalebaSi (m12) araTanmimdevrulad aris

CamoTvlili is adgilebi, romlebic zRapris mTavarma gmirma moiara.

moswavlem unda aRadginos zRapris sivrce da dro _ swori

TanmimdevrobiT unda daalagos es adgilebi. davaleba sworad Seasrula

moswavleTa 15%-ma.

nimuSi 3 – testuri kiTxva (x12) amowmebs, ramdenad SeuZlia

moswavles moTxrobaSi aRwerili ambis drois dazusteba teqstSive

mocemuli informaciis sakuTar codnasTan Sejerebis gziT. maTematikis

saskolo kursiT IV klasis dasawyisSi miRebuli codna (1 saukune = 100

weli) gamoiyena da am kiTxvaze swori pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 21%-ma.

maRali safexuri

moswavles SeuZlia:

- teqstis nawilebs Soris logikuri kavSirebis danaxva, teqstis

mTlianobaSi aRqma;

- teqstSi mocemuli informaciis sxva sferoSi SeZenil codnasTan

SejerebiT daskvnis gamotana.

nimuSi 1

yuradRebiT waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi. maTi dalagebis Sedegad unda

miviRoT moTxroba Zveli berZeni filosofosis, diogenes Sesaxeb.

1. erTxel is aleqsandre makedonelma dainaxa, masTan mivida da uTxra:

2. RamiT ki Sig SeZvreboda da iq iZinebda.

3. mzes mificxebulma diogenem upasuxa: `mzes nu miCrdilav, sami nabijiT ukan daixie!~

4. dRisiT igi kasridan amodioda xolme da mzeze Tbeboda.

5. Zveli berZeni filosofosi diogene kasrSi cxovrobda.

6. `miTxari, diogene, ra ginda da yvela survils agisruleb.~

Camowere winadadebaTa nomrebi iseTi TanmimdevrobiT, rom moTxroba gamogivides.

5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3.

39

nimuSi 2

mzeTunaxavma qalma grZeli gza gaiara. zRapris mixedviT gahyevi

mis gzas da sworad danomre qvemoT CamoTvlili adgilebi!

triali mindori da patara koSki -----2-----

mzis sabrZanebeli -----3-----

mzeTunaxavi qalis saxli ----1-----

ufliswulis samefo -----5-----

isev koSki trial mindorze -------4----

nimuSi 3

mweralma es moTxroba dawera me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi.

romel saukuneSi moxda am moTxrobaSi aRwerili ambavi?

me-17 saukuneSi

40

* * *

testirebis Sedegebis statistikuri analizis mixedviT, miRwevis

donis saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma sworad gasces pasuxi

kiTxvis testis kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis daaxloebiT 11%-s, 125-dan 14

testur kiTxvas (ix. diagrama 2). es safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa

saerTo raodenobis saSualod 81%-ma. xolo miRwevis donis saSualoze

dabal safexurze maTgan aRmoCnda moswavleTa daaxloebiT 19% (ix.

diagrama 1).

saSualo safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

saSualod 62%-ma. miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze ki aRmoCnda

moswavleTa daaxloebiT 20% (ix. diagrama 1). aRmoCnda, rom testuri

kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis daaxloebiT 55%, 125-dan 68 kiTxva, Tavisi

sirTuliT am safexuris Sesabamisia (ix. diagrama 2).

saSualoze maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saSualod 42%-

ma. miRwevis donis am safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa daaxloebiT 22%

(ix. diagrama 1). testuri kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis 32%, 125-dan 40

kiTxva sirTuliT saSualoze maRal safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagrama 2).

maRal safexuri daZlia moswavleTa daaxloebiT 20%-ma (ix.

diagrama 1). testuri kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 2,4%, 125-dan 3

kiTxva, aRmoCnda sirTuliT am safexuris Sesabamisi (ix. diagrama 2).

statistikuri analizis Sedegad gamoikveTa, agreTve, garkveuli

raodenoba moswavleebisa, daaxloebiT 19%, romelic oTxwledis

dasrulebisas im sirTulis teqstebs, rogoric saswavlo

saxelmZRvaneloebSia warmodgenili, kiTxulobs, magram ver igebs, an,

SesaZloa, saerTod ver kiTxulobs (ix. diagrama 2).

oTxwledis eqspertTa azriT, mocemuli sirTulis teqstebi

saerTod dauZleveli unda yofiliyo moswavleTaTvis saSualoze dabal

safexurzec ki. maTi azriT, e. w. susti moswavle ver daZlevda kiTxvis

testis verc erT kiTxvas. Sesabamisad, dReisaTvis mSobliuri enis

swavlebis kursi, kerZod, kiTxvis unar-Cvevis CamoyalibebaSi dasaxuli

strategia dawyebiT klasebSi ar iTvaliswinebs amgvari moswavlis

interesebs. marTalia, kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom kiTxvis

garkveuli procesebi nawilobriv daZleulia saSualoze dabal

41

safexurze, magram am safexurze daZleuli masala imdenad umniSvneloa,

rom eqspertTa azri usafuZvlo ar aris da is didad ar scildeba

realur suraTs. eqspertebi elodnen, rom miRwevis donis saSualo

safexurze daZleuli iqneboda kiTxvis testis ufro didi nawili,

daaxloebiT 74%, nacvlad realuri 68%-sa. maTi azriT, am safexurze

moswavleebs sworad unda gaecaT pasuxi yvela im kiTxvaze, romelic

teqstSi eqspliciturad, cxadad mocemuli informaciis povnas moiTxovs.

rogorc aRmoCnda, am amocanis daZleva saSualo safexurze mTlianad ver

xerxdeba. eqspertTa azriT, saSualoze maRal safexurze faqtobrivad

mTlianad unda daZleuliyo kiTxvis testi, rac marTlac Seesabameba

realobas.

moswavleTa miRwevebi

(kiTxva)

19

19

20

22

20dabalisaSualoze dabalisaSualosaSualoze maRalimaRali

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

saS.dabali

saSualo

saS.maRali

maRali

miRwevis doneebi

Sesabamisi masala

42

2. leqsika

leqsikis testi amowmebs moswavleTa enobriv alRos da, garkve-

ulwilad, leqsikur maragsac.

testi moicavs Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis arealidan

SerCeul im leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic nacnobia (nacnobi unda iyos)

moswavleebisTvis sasaubro enidan da I-IV klaselTaTvis gankuTvnili

teqstebidan (saxelmZRvaneloebsa da e.w. klasgareSe sakiTxav wignebSi

Setanili nawarmoebebidan).

2. 1. testis aRwera

moswavleTa Sesafaseblad Sedgenilia leqsikis testis ori

Tvisebrivad Tanabari varianti. testi ZiriTadad testuri

davalebebisagan Sedgeba da mxolod ramdenime testur kiTxvas Seicavs.

leqsikis testSi gamoyofilia testur davalebaTa da kiTxvaTa 16 bloki,

romlebSic ganawilebulia 84 testuri kiTxva da davaleba.

Sinaarsis mixedviT testSi davalebaTa da kiTxvaTa 5 jgufi

gamoiyofa:

I. sityvis mniSvnelobis codna;

II. sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri sizustis dacva;

III. gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba;

IV. semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra;

V. xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis codna.

amgvarad, leqsikis testiT mowmdeba:

I. sityvis mniSvnelobis codna:

1. sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvis amocnoba (1: a, b, g; 2’: a, b,

g);

2. mniSvnelobiT msgavsi (SinaarsiT axlos mdgomi) sityvis amocnoba

(1’: b, g, d;: 2 a, b, g; 16, 16’);

3. konteqstis mixedviT msazRvreli sityvis aRdgena (3: b, g; 3’ b, g; 6:

a, b, g, d; 6’: a, b, g, d);

4. ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba (10: a, b, g; 10’: a, b, g; 11, 11’).

II. sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri sizustis dacva:

1. semantikuri wyvilis aRdgena (5: a, b, g, d; 5’: a, b, g, d);

43

2. swori Sesityvebis amocnoba (4: b, g, d; 4’: b, g, d, e, v, z; 12: a, b, g,

d; 12’: a, b, g, d).

III. gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba:

1. mocemuli saerTo mniSvnelobisTvis kerZo sityvebis amocnoba (8, 8’,

14, 14’);

2. mocemuli sityvebisTvis gamaerTianebeli sityvis SerCeva (9, 9’).

IV. semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra:

1. konteqstisTvis semantikurad Sesabamisi sityvis amocnoba (15, 15’);

2. erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi mniSvnelobaTa sxvaobis amocnoba

(7: a, b, g; 7’: a, b, g).

V. xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis codna:

1. xatovan sityva-TqmasTan mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityvis gaigiveba

(13: a, b, g; 13’: a, b, g).



saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is

testuri davalebebi, romlebic amowmebs sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas

semantikuri sizustis dacvas _ swori Sesityvebis amocnobas da

semantikuri wyvilebis aRdgenas.

nimuSebi 1, 2 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic am safexurze

daZlies moswavleebma.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davaleba (4) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara

moswavles sityvaTa sworad SeTanxmeba da enis myari Sesityvebis

amocnoba. eqvsi wyvilidan am safexurze moswavleebma mxolod samis

amocnoba moaxerxes: broweulis marcvali; Txilis guli; Tovlis

gunda. danarCeni sami wyvilis Sedgena mxolod zeda _ meore safexurze

aRmoCnda SesaZlebeli.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (5) amowmebs isev semantikuri wyvilis

amocnobas. moswavlem isrebiT unda daakavSiros mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi

sityvebi. am safexurze moswavleebma oTxi SesaZlebeli wyvilidan sami

44

wyvilis amocnoba SeZles (foToli Srialebs, wyaro CuxCuxebs, kari

Wrialebs).31


moswavles SeuZlia:

_ im leqsikuri erTeulebis, enis myari sityvaTSeTanxmebis

nimuSebis amocnoba, romlebic gansakuTrebiT xSirad

gamoiyeneba sasaubro enaSi da misTvis kargad aris nacnobi.

nimuSi 1

sworad gaunawile CamoTvlili sityvebi qvemoT Camoweril sityvebs:

qula, gunda, belti, gorgali.

magaliTi: a) Zafis gorgali

b) miwis ___________

g) Tovlis gunda

d) Rrublis ________

lebani, marcvali, guli.

e) broweulis marcvali

v) Txilis guli

z) nigvzis __________

31 analogiuri bloki (5’) mTlianad daZleulia saSualo safexurze.

45

nimuSi 2

isrebiT daakavSire erTmaneTTan mniSvnelobiT Sesaferisi sityvebi:

a) foToli CuxCuxebs.

b) wyaro zuzunebs.

Q g) kari Srialebs.

d) qari Wrialebs.

saSualo safexuri

am safexurze moswavleebma mTlianad daZlies is testuri

davalebebi, romlebic amowmebs sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri

sizustis dacvas. sworad Seasrules TiTqmis yvela is davalebac,

romelic sityvis mniSvnelobis codnas amowmebs da moiTxovs sinonimuri

calis amocnobas, agreTve, ganmartebasTan sityvis identificirebas. aseve,

TiTqmis mTlianad aris daZleuli testuri davalebebi, romlebic

xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gagebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

antonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba am safexurze mxolod nawilobriv

moxerxda.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic saSualo

safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (1: b, g, d) mixedviT, moswavlem

sityvaTa mocemuli maragidan unda amoarCios da miuweros mocemul

sityvebs sinonimuri calebi. pirveli sinonimuri wyvili (gamoikvlia -

gamoiZia) amoicno moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 70%-ma. xolo danarCeni

ori (ikamaTa - idava, Seamokla - Sekveca) _ 64%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (10’) moiTxovs ganmartebasTan sityvis

identificirebas. moswavlem mocemuli maragidan unda SearCios da

ganmartebebs miuweros mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityvebi (gamrje, mSvidi,

uxvi). mocemuli davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 64%-ma.

46

nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (13’) mixedviT, moswavlem unda

SeZlos xatovani gamoTqmebisa da maragSi mocemuli sityvebis

mniSvnelobaTa sworad Sefardeba. testuri davaleba daZlia moswavleTa

52%-ma.

saSualo safexuri

moswavles SeuZlia:

- enis myari sityvaTSeTanxmebis nimuSebSi semantikuri sizustis

dacva;

- sinonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba;

- antonimuri wyvilebis nawilobriv amocnoba;

- ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba;

- xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gansazRvra.

nimuSi 1

am maragidan amoarCie da miuwere qvemoT CamoTvlils mniSvnelobiT

msgavsi sityva:

magaliTi: a) gacxarda - gaficxda

b) gamoikvlia - gamoiZia

g) ikamaTa - idava

d) Seamokla - Sekveca

gaficxda, idava, gamoiZia,

Sekveca, aRkveTa.

nimuSi 2

47

am maragidan SearCie da miuwere ganmartebas misi Sesaferisi sityva:

a) ar ficxdeba, moTminebas ar kargavs - mSvidi

b) Tavisi qoneba sxvisTvis ar enaneba - uxvi

g) Sroma uyvars, mudam Sromobs - gamrje

gamrje, mSvidi, uxvi.

nimuSi 3

am maragidan amoarCie da qveS miuwere gamoTqmebs mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityva:

a) `ca qudad ar miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnad~- mediduri

b) `dRe da Rames asworebs~ - mSromeli

g) `miwas ar aCnia~ - patara

mSromeli, mediduri, patara.


saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma sworad Seasrules yvela

testuri davaleba, romelic amowmebda sityvis Tu xatovani sityva-Tqmis

mniSvnelobaTa codnas. maT SeZles ara mxolod sinonimuri, aramed

sityvaTa antonimuri wyvilebis amocnobac. am safexurze mTlianad

daZlies is Ria testuri davalebebi, romlebic moiTxovda winadadebaSi

gamotovebuli sityvis konteqstis mixedviT aRdgenas. aseve, moswavleebma

moaxerxes erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi mniSvnelobaTa sxvaobis

SemCneva da winadadebaSi maTi adgilis povna. davalebaTa erTaderTi

jgufi, romlis daZlevac am safexurzec gauWirdaT moswavleebs, aris

48

gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba (sityvaTa

kategorizacia).32 1

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri kiTxva da davalebebia, romlebic

moswavleebma mesame safexurze daZlies.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (2a, b, g) mixedviT, moswavlem mocemuli

maragidan unda amoarCios da miuweros CamoTvlil sityvebs mniSvnelobiT

sapirispiro calebi. pirveli antonimuri wyvili (Tavmdabali _

ampartavani) amoicno moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 38%-ma; meore

(gulmodgine _ daudevari) _ 31%-ma; mesame (mtkice _ meryevi) ki _ 37%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ arCeviTi testuri kiTxva (11) amowmebs, esmis Tu ara

moswavles sityvis (sityvaZunwi) mniSvneloba. am testuri kiTxvis swori

pasuxi amoicno moswavleTa 42%-ma.

nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (7) mixedviT, moswavlem unda SeniSnos

mniSvnelobaTa sxvaoba erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi da SeZlos

winadadebaSi maTi zusti adgilis povna. pirveli semantikuri wyvili

(kriala, ankara) winadadebaSi sworad gaanawiles saSualo safexurzec.

meore (mware, cxare) da mesame (cota, meCxeri) ki saSualoze maRal

safexurs Seefardeba da daZlia moswavleTa 35 _ 38%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri davaleba (8) moiTxovs gvarisa da saxeobis

principiT sityvaTa dajgufebas. moswavlem mocemul saerTo sityvas

(WurWeli) mocemuli maragidan unda SeurCios kerZo sityvebi (lambaqi

finjani, langari). es davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleTa 49%-ma.

,

nimuSi 5 _ testur davalebaSi (15’) sityvaTa semantikuri velidan

(gazarda, gaadida, gaaxSira, ganavrco) moswavlem unda amoicnos

mocemuli winadadebis Sesabamisi erTaderTi sityva. davaleba sworad

Seasrula moswavleTa 32%-ma.

nimuSi 6 _ analogiuria nimuSi 5-isa. testuri davalebis (15)

mixedviT, moswavlem unda SeniSnos Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba erTi

semantikuri velis sityvebSi (miadgnen, ewvivnen, eaxlnen, estumrnen). es

davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 35%-ma.

32 es testuri davaleba mTlianad daZleulia Semdgom _ maRal safexurze.

49


moswavles SeuZlia:

_ enis myar gamoTqmebSi semantikuri sizustis dacva;

_ ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba;

_ sityvaTa sinomimuri da antonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba;

_ winadadebaSi gamotovebuli sityvis konteqstis mixedviT aRdgena;

_ semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra;

_ xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gansazRvra;

_ nawilobriv, gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba.

nimuSi 1

am maragidan amoarCie da miuwere qvemoT CamoTvlil sityvebs

mniSvnelobiT sapirispiro sityva:

a) Tavmdabali - ampartavani

b) gulmodgine - daudevari

g) mtkice - meryevi

daudevari, meryevi, ampartavani.

nimuSi 2

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romels Seefereba sityva ,,sityvaZunwi~?

a. vinc nela laparakobs;

b.* vinc cotas laparakobs;

g. vinc xmadabla laparakobs.

50

nimuSi 3

winadadebebSi sworad gaanawile mocemuli sityvebi da Cawere:

a) kriala, ankara

ankara wyalSi kriala kenWebi moCans.

b) mware, cxare

patarebs ar uyvarT cxare wiwaka da mware wamali.

g) cota, meCxeri

vaSlis xes meCxeri totebi aqvs da cota nayofi asxia.

nimuSi 4

daakvirdi sityvis marags:

am maragidan amowere mxolod i

saerTo mniSvnelobaa `WurWeli

lambaqi, finjani, langari

nimuSi 5

am maragidan SearCie da w

Sesaferisi sityva:

gaxarebulma xelmwifem nad

gazarda

gaaxSir

skivri, lambaqi, xanjali,

lagami, finjani, langari.

s sami sityva, romelTa

~:

inadadebaSi Cawere mniSvnelobiT

imoba gaaxSira.

, gaadida,

a, ganavrco

51

nimuSi 6

am maragidan SearCie da winadadebaSi Cawere mniSvnelobiT

Sesaferisi sityva:

daTqmul dros ufliswuls dabarebuli msaxurebi eaxlnen.

miadgnen, ewvivnen,

eaxlnen, estumrnen

maRali safexuri

sirTulis doniT leqsikis testis mxolod erTi davaleba Seesabameba

maRal safexurs. es testuri davaleba amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara

moswavles gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba (sityvaTa

kategorizacia). SevniSnavT, rom am unaris Sesamowmeblad leqsikis testi

Seicavs ori saxeobis davalebas: mocemuli saerTo mniSvnelobisTvis

kerZo sityvebis amocnobas da mocemuli sityvebisTvis gamaerTianebeli

sityvis SerCevas. amaTgan pirveli saSualoze maRal safexurze mTlianad

daZlies, xolo meore _ SedarebiT rTuli aRmoCnda.

nimuSi 1 aris swored is erTaderTi testuri davaleba (9), romelic

Seasrula moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 25%-ze naklebma _ 23%-ma da,

Sesabamisad, maRal safexurs miekuTvneba.33

nimuSi 1

CamoTvlil sityvebs miuwere saerTo mniSvnelobis mqone sityva:

magida, skami, sawoli, Taro - aveji.

33 analogiuri davaleba daZlia moswavleTa 39%-ma.

52

* * *

amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze leqsikis testis 16

blokidan moswavleebma sworad Seasrules mxolod ori (4, 5), isic

nawilobriv. maT SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan daagroves maqsimum 6, anu

daZlies mTeli masalis mxolod 7% (ix. diagr. ?). aSkaraa, rom am

safexurze myof moswavles ar aqvs ganviTarebuli enobrivi alRo da misi

leqsikuri maragi Zalian mwiria. saSualoze dabali safexuri, leqsikis

testis mixedviT, gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod

79%-ma. maTgan miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze aRmoCnda

moswavleTa daaxloebiT 19% (ix. diagr. ?). statistikuri monacemebi

cxadyofs, rom moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 21%-ma

saSualoze dabali safexuric ki ver daZlia (ix. diagr. ?).

saSualo safexurze moswavleebma SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan

daagroves maqsimum 49 qula. am safexurs sirTuliT Seesabameba mTeli

testis daaxloebiT 50% (ix. diagr. ?). saSualo safexuri gadalaxa

moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 60%-ma. maTgan daaxloebiT

19%-is Sedegi miRwevis donis am safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr. ?).

Sesabamisad, moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 19%-is enobrivi alRo da

leqsikuri maragi damakmayofilebelia saxelmZRvaneloebSi

warmodgenili teqstebis verbalur (sityvier) doneze dasaZlevad.

saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan

daagroves maqsimum 80 qula. leqsikis testis masalis daaxloebiT 40%

sirTuliT saSualoze maRal safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr. /). es

safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 41%-ma.

amaTgan moswavleTa 18% saSualoze maRal safexurze aRmoCnda (ix. diagr.

?).

miRwevis donis maRal safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis daaxloebiT 23%. am safexurs sirTuliT Seesabameba mTeli

masalis Dmcire raodenoba, daaxloebiT 3% (ix. diagr. ?).

qulaTa ganawilebis Tanafardobaze dakvirvebis Sedegad

SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom leqsikis testi faqtobrivad daZleulia

saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze moswavleTa saSualod 41%-is

mier. Sesabamisad, oTxwledis etapis dasrulebisas moswavleTa saerTo

53

raodenobis saSualod 41%-ma leqsikis testis farglebSi gamoavlina

enobrivi alRo, sityvieri moqniloba. aseve, vfiqrobT, es procentuli

maCvenebeli avlens mkiTxvel, wignier moswavleTa nawils. leqsikis

sferoSi aseTi Sedegi zogadad wignis, kiTxvis siyvaruliTac aris

gapirobebuli.34

niSandoblivia, rom eqspertTa mosazreba leqsikis testis

saSualoze dabal safexurze daZlevis mosalodneli Sedegis Sesaxeb

TiTqmis emTxveva realur Sedegs. mosalodneli Sedegis mixedviT,

saSualoze dabal safexurze myofi moswavleebi SeZlebdnen 84-dan 11

qulis dagrovebas. eqspertTa azriT, saSualo safexurze daZleuli unda

yofiliyo leqsikis testis sakmaod didi nawili _ am safexurze myof

moswavleebs unda daegrovebinaT 60 qula. es varaudi ki gansxvavdeba

realuri viTarebisagan. miRwevis donis maRal safexurze, maTi azriT,

ukve mTlianad unda daZluliyo leqsikis testi.

diagrama


(leqsika)

19

21

23

18

19dabali

saSualoze dabalisaSualo

saSualoze maRalimaRali

34 moswavleTa leqsikuri maragisa da kiTxvis (wakiTxulis gaazrebis) unaris

urTierTmimarTeba daadastura Sedegebis fsiqometrulma analizmac .......... aseve, sruliad

Tanabaria am sferoTa Sesafasebeli testebis saSualo sirTulis koeficientebi.

54

diagrama

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

saS.dabali

saSualo

saS.maRali

maRalimiRwevis doneebi

Sesabamisi masala

3. wera

weris testi amowmebs moswavlis weriT metyvelebas _ ramdenad aqvs

mas sakuTari azris Tanmimdevrulad da cxadad werilobiT gadmocemis

unari; SeuZlia Tu ara mocemul Temaze Txzulebis Seqmna da mocemuli

teqstis perifrazi; SeuZlia Tu ara yofiTi situaciis aRwera.

mocemuli davalebebis farglebSi mowmdeba moswavlis namuSevris

ara marto Sinaarsobrivi mxare, aramed isic, Tu gramatikulad ramdenad

gamarTulia naweri, ramdenad flobs moswavle I-IV klasebSi Seswavlili

gramatikul-orTografiuli normebisa da punqtuaciis wesebs, aqvs Tu

ara mas asakisTvis Sesaferisi leqsikuri maragi.

3. 1. testis aRwera

weris unar-Cvevis Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga oTx variantad,

romelTagan TiToeuli Seicavs or sxvadasxva saxis davalebas. ori

varianti amowmebs moswavlis weriT metyvelebas SeTavazebuli

Tavisufali Temis mixedviT da mxatvruli teqstis perifrazis unars:

I varianti _ moswavlem SeTavazebuli gegmis mixedviT unda daweros

Txzuleba: `Cemi saukeTeso megobari~; gadmosces mocemuli teqstis

(sulxan-saba orbelianis `mefe da mxatvari~) Sinaarsi.

55

II varianti _ moswavles evaleba miTiTebuli gegmis mixedviT

daweros Tema `Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro~; gadmosces mocemuli

teqstis (esopes òri megobari~) Sinaarsi.

Semdegi ori variantiT mowmdeba weriTi metyveleba yofiTi

Tematikis FfarglebSi: mokle informaciuli xasiaTis teqstis Sedgena da

yofiTi situaciis aRwera;

III varianti _ moswavlem unda Seadginos axloblisaTvis mosawvevi

baraTi sabavSvo speqtaklze, romelsac moswavleebi marTaven skolaSi;

moswavlem unda aRweros zafxulis da zamTris tansacmeli;

IV varianti _ moswavlem Tavis axlobels saxlidan moulodnelad

gasvlis gamo unda dauweros baraTi; unda aRweros samzareulo da

sastumro oTaxi.

weris unar-Cvevis analizisas mimovixilavT weris im aspeqtebs,

romlebic ZiriTadad exeba naweris Sinaarsobriv mxares, stils

(sintaqsis sakiTxebi) da leqsikas, kerZod, weriTi metyvelebisas

saliteraturo enis siwmindes (barbarizmebisa da dialeqtizmebis

problemas). calke gamovyofT meqanikur da grafikul Secdomebs. rac

Seexeba gramatikis sakiTxebs, mas gramatikis testis monacemebTan

kavSirSi ganvixilavT.

cxrilebSi (I, II, III) warmodgenilia is Sefasebis kriteriumebi,

romelTa mixedviTac Sefasda moswavleTa nawerebi. cxrili I warmoadgens

Txzulebis da nawarmoebis perifrazis Sefasebis kriteriumebs; cxrili II

_ baraTis Sesafasebel kriteriumebs; cxrili III _ aRweriTi xasiaTis

naweris Sefasebis kriteriumebs. kriteriumebi, ZiriTadad, amowmebs weris

unaris im aspeqtebs, romlebic gapirobebulia mocemuli davalebis

specifikiT (magaliTad, Txzulebis Sedgenisas mowmdeba Temis

originaluroba, baraTis Sedgenisas kriteriumebSi yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia naweris formaze, yofiT Tematikaze weris Semowmebisas

calkea gamoyofili iseTi kriteriumebi, rogoricaa barbarizmebi da

dialeqtizmebi, risi gamovlenac swored am tipis davalebaSia

mosalodneli).

cxrilebSi 1, 2, 3, 4 mocemulia testirebis empiriuli monacemebis

procentuli gamosaxuleba Sefasebis kriteriumebis qulebis Sesabamisad.

56

calkeul ujraSi miTiTebulia erTi tipis orive davalebis procentuli

maCvenebeli.


Txzulebis, e. w. Tavisufali Temis (Cemi saukeTeso megobari, Cemi

sayvareli weliwadis dro) Seqmna, romelic moiTxovs Tavisufal

producirebas, moswavleebma saSualoze dabal safexurze ver moaxerxes.

aRmoCnda, rom moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 48% saerTod

ver asrulebs oTxwledis dasasruls tradiciul weriT davalebas

mSobliur enaSi. saSualo safexurze moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

daaxloebiT 3%-ma SeZlo met-naklebad adekvaturi leqsikis gamoyenebiT,

magram arasrulyofilad, martivi formiT gadmoeca sakuTari azri

mocemul Temaze. saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma (saerTo

raodenobis daaxloebiT 40%-ma) SeZles sakuTari azris ufro cxadad,

mkafiod da adekvaturi leqsikiT Camoyalibeba. es weriTi davaleba

srulyofilad daiZlia maRal safexurze _ Tema ganavrco da weriT

metyvelebaSi sworad gamoiyena rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi

(Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebebi), moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

saSualod 9%-ma. AamaTgan originalurobiT _ SemoqmedebiTi unariT,

Txzvis niWiT _ gamoirCeoda moswavleTa 4%-is naweri.

am monacemebis mixedviT, sakuTari azris Camoyalibebas mocemul

Temaze saerTod ver axerxebs moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari, daaxloebiT

48%. moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis mxolod 9%-is naweri SeiZleba

CaiTvalos Zalian karg namuSevrad.

perifrazis, e. w. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis (mefe da mxatvari da ori

megobari) weras moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 43%-ma Tavi

ver gaarTva. saSualo safexurze moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 9%-ma

SeZlo Sesatyvisi leqsikiTa da met-naklebad srulad, vrclad gadmoeca

wakiTxulis Sinaarsi. saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleTa

saSualod 34%-ma mTlianobaSi cxadad, gasagebad gadmosca wakiTxuli

teqstis Sinaarsi. es weriTi davaleba srulyofilad daiZlia maRal

safexurze _ perifrazisas sworad aris gamoyenebuli rTuli sintaqsuri

konstruqciebi (Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebebi) da naweri mTlianad

57

sworad aris dayofili abzacebad. es moaxerxa moswavleTa saSualod

14%-ma.

amgvarad, perifrazs ver axerxebs moswavleTa daaxloebiT 40%.

danarCeni raodenobidan mxolod 14% arTmevs Tavs kargad am davalebas.

yofiT Temaze werilis, baraTis Sedgena saSualoze dabal

safexurze moswavleebma ver moaxerxes. saSualosa da saSualoze maRal

safexurze moswavleebma erTnairad daZlies es samuSao. MmoswavleTa

saSualod 63%-ma Seasrula davaleba _ nawers met-naklebad misca

baraTis forma. saSualod 52%-ma werili daiwyo mimarTviT. maRal

safexurze moswavleebma baraTSi mimarTva gamoyves sasveni niSniT (9%-ma).

baraTis bolos sakuTari saxeli miuTiTa moswavleTa 18%-ma.

amgvarad, yofiT Temaze baraTis Sedgena ar SeuZlia moswavleTa

daaxloebiT 37%-s. damakmayofilebelia saSualod 50%-is naweri. baraTs

srulyofili formiT wers moswavleTa 13%.

davaleba _ yofiTi Tematikis farglebSi aRwera _ moswavleebma ver

SeZles saSualoze dabal safexurze. saSualo safexurze moswavleebma

mTlianad Seasrules miTiTebuli davaleba (66%-ma); saSualoze maRal

safexurze moswavleTa saSualod 35%-ma moaxerxa aRwera leqsikur-

semantikuri wesebis dacviT; ucxo sityvaTa marTlweris wesebis dacva

SeZlo moswavleTa saSualod 28%-ma. mxolod maRal safexurze

moswavleTa saSualod 12%-ma SeZlo mocemuli davalebis barbarizmebis

gareSe dawera.

amgvarad, yofiT Tematikis farglebSi weriTi metyveleba

moswavleTa 34%-Si saerTod ar aris Camoyalibebuli. davaleba

damakmayofileblad Seasrula saSualod 54%. moswavleTa mxolod 12%

axerxebs azris gadmocemas barbarizmebis gamoyenebis gareSe, sufTa

qarTuliT.

sagangebod SevCerdebiT weriT metyvelebaSi enis siwmindis

sakiTxze. weriTi davalebebi yofiT Temebze (samzareulo da sastumro

oTaxi, zafxulisa da zamTris samosi) miznad isaxavda swored

barbarizmebisa da dialeqtizmebis gamovlenas. gamoirkva, rom moswavleTa

saSualod 78% mcire moculobis teqstSic ki qarTuli sityvebis

nacvlad barbarizmebs iyenebs. moswavleTa am raodenobas ematebian

isinic, romelTa nawerSi barbarizmis gamoyenebis mxolod erTi

58

SemTxvavaa gamovlenili _ moswavleTa saSualod 11%. rac Seexeba im

weriT davalebebs, sadac TiTqos arc iyo mosalodneli amgvari

Secdomebi (vgulisxmobT wakiTxulis Sinaarss, magaliTad, esopes igav-

araks ori megobari), aqac ki moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 13%-ma

barbarizmebi gamoiyena. Tavisufali Temis (Cemi sayvareli weliwadis

dro) werisas am saxis Secdomebi dauSva moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

36%-ma. rac Seexeba dialeqtizmebs, yofiTi Tematikis farglebSi

Secdomebi aqvs moswavleTa saSualod 22%-s, wakiTxulis Sinaarsis

gadmocemisas _ 16%-s, xolo Tavisufal TemaSi _ 36%-s. weriTi

metyvelebis Semowmebis Sedegad miRebuli am monacemebis mixedviT

zogadad SeiZleba warmovidginoT, Tu rogor aris barbarizmebiTa da

dialeqtizmebiT damZimebuli moswavleTa sasaubro enac.

Mkvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom meqanikuri (asos, sityvis

gamotoveba an gameoreba), agreTve grafikuli (sarkiseburi Tanxmovnebis

areva) Secdomebis sakiTxi dawyebiT klasebSi jer kidev ar aris

mogvarebuli. MmoswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 60% mcire

moculobis weriT davalebaSi rogorc Txzulebis, ise wakiTxulis

Sinaarsis werisas uSvebs meqanikur Secdomebs, MamaTgan 40% _ erTze

mets. rac Seexeba grafikul Secdomebs, aq Sedegi davalebaTa mixedviT

sxvadasxvanairia: mocemuli teqstis perifrazisas Secdomebs uSvebs

moswavleTa saSualod 19%, xolo Txzulebis werisas gacilebiT meti _

39%. Aamgvari Secdomebi erTi naweris farglebSi ZiriTadad erTze

metia.35

zemoT ganxiluli monacemebis analizis ganzogadebis Sedegad

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom dRes qarTuli skolebis moswavleTa TiTqmis

naxevari weris sferoSi ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rasac skola

maT winaSe ayenebs. moswavleTa es nawili ver axerxebs verc perifrazs,

verc Tavisufal producirebas. moswavleTa meore naxevari am amocanas

Tavs arTmevs nawilobriv, garkveuli xarvezebiT. xolo moswavleTa

35 sarkiseburi Tanxmovnebis aRrevasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa fsiqologiur

mecnierebaTa kandidatis, asakobrivi da pedagogiuri fsiqologiis kaTedris gamgis m.

mirianaSvilis azri, romlis mixedviTac es movlena ar aris dadebiT korelaciaSi

moswavleTa miRwevis donesTan da bavSvis garkveul neiro-fsiqologiur problemebs

ukavSirdeba.

59

mcire nawili, maqsimum 12-13%, srulyofilad flobs weriTi metyvelebis

unars.

I. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (Tavisufali Temebi: Cemi saukeTeso megobari /

Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro; perifrazi: mefe da mxatvari da ori

megobari)

qulebi 0 1

2

3

naweris sisrule davaleba ar

aris

Sesrulebuli

naweri

SinaarsiT

davalebis

Seusabamoa

Sinaarsi

nawilobriv

aris

gadmocemuli

Sinaarsi

srulyofilad

aris

gadmocemuli

Temis gaSla,

gavrcoba

gavrcobilia

mxolod erTi

an arc erTi

sakiTxi

Tema

nawilobriv

aris gaSlili

yvela sakiTxi

gavrcobilia

Aazris sicxade orze meti

winadadebis

azri

bundovania

mxolod erTi-

ori azria

bundovani

yvela

winadadebis

azri gasagebia

adekvaturi

leqsika

darRveva

erTze metia

gvxvdeba

mxolod erTi

darRveva

leqsika

Sesatyvisia

sintaqsi

(Serwymuli

winadadeba)

Serwymul

winadadebas

ar iyenebs

iyenebs, magram

punqtuacia

arasworia

iyenebs sworad

sintaqsi (rTuli

winadadeba)

rTul

winadadebas

ar iyenebs

iyenebs, magram

punqtuacia

arasworia

iyenebs sworad

originaluroba uferulia,

mwiria

rigiTia originaluria

Aabzaci abzaci ar

aris

gamoyenebuli

abzaci

gamoyenebulia

Txrobis

dasawyisSi

naweri

mTlianad

sworadaa

dayofili

abzacebad

60

1. Cemi saukeTeso megobari / Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro (empiriuli monacemebi)

qulebi 0 1

2

3

Nnaweris sisrule

Temis gaSla,

gavrcoba

55

79

32

18

13

3

azris sicxade 29

40

19

12

52

47

adekvaturi

leqsika

33

41

13

8

54

51

sintaqsi

(Serwymuli

winadadeba)

53

59

29

25

18

16

sintaqsi (rTuli

winadadeba)

44

43

48

47

9

10

originaluroba 63

65

32

32

5

3

Aabzaci

2. `mefe da mxatvari~ / òri megobari~ (perifrazi).

qulebi 0 1

2

3

naweris sisrule 9

10

4

5

32

25

54

60

azris sicxade 22

22

32

28

46

50

adekvaturi

leqsika

27

23

14

17

59

60

sintaqsi

(Serwymuli

winadadeba)

46

32

39

45

15

24

sintaqsi (rTuli

winadadeba)

15

16

74

71

11

13

originaluroba

61

Aabzaci

40 46 40 42 20 12

II. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (baraTi axlobels / mosawvevi baraTi)

qulebi 0 1 2

naweris forma davaleba ar aris

Sesrulebuli

naweri davalebis

Seusabamoa

forma misaRebia

mimarTva mimarTva ar aris baraTi iwyeba

mimarTviT

punqtuacia

mimarTvasTan

mimarTva ar aris sasveni niSani ar

aris mimarTvasTan

sasveni niSani

sworad aris

dasmuli

baraTis avtoris

miTiTeba

avtori

miTiTebuli ar

aris

avtori

miTiTebulia

mTavari

informacia

mTavari

informacia

gamotovebulia

mTavari

informacia

mocemulia

3. empiriuli monacemebi (baraTi axlobels / mosawvevi baraTi)

qulebi 0 1 2 naweris forma

11

18

26

20

64

62 mimarTva

46

49

54

51

punqtuacia

mimarTvasTan 46

49

45

41

9

10baraTis avtoris

miTiTeba 82

83

18

17

mTavari

informacia 47

37

53

63

62

III. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (samzareulo da sastumro oTaxi/ zafxulisa

da zamTris samosi)

qulebi 0 1 2

sisrule davaleba ar aris

Sesrulebuli

Sesrulebulia

nawilobriv

srulad aris

Sesrulebuli

leqsikur-

semantikuri wesebi

Secdomebia aris erTi

darRveva

wesebi daculia

barbarizmebi erTze metia erTia saerTod ar aris

dialeqtizmebi erTze metia erTia saerTod ar aris

ucxo sityvaTa

marTlwera

Secdomebia Secdoma erTia marTlweris wesebi

daculia

4. samzareulo da sastumro oTaxi / zafxulisa da zamTris samosi

(empiriuli monacemebi)

qulebi 0 1 2

sisrule 22

17

12

17

66

66leqsikur-

semantikuri

wesebi

51

56

11

10

38

35barbarizmebi 66

89

16

5

18

6dialeqtizmebi 23

21

4

4

73

74ucxo sityvaTa

marTlwera 39

65

22

17

39

18

63

4. gramatika

gramatikis testi Seesabameba Tanamedrove qarTuli enis gramatikisa

da marTlweris im sakiTxebs, romelTa swavlebac II-IV klasebis

saxelmZRvaneloebiT36 da klasSi mimdinare praqtikuli muSaobiT aris

gaTvaliswinebuli.

4. 1. testis aRwera

moswavleTa codnisa da marTlweris Cvevebis Sesamowmeblad

Sedgenilia testis ori Tvisebrivad Tanabari varianti. TiToeuli

Seicavs 54 testur kiTxvasa da davalebas (sul _ 108).

testSi kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa 11 Tematuri jgufi gamoiyofa:

I. metyvelebis nawilTa aRmniSvneli terminebis codna:

1. sityvisa da Sesabamisi gramatikuli terminis (arsebiTi saxeli,

zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, zmna, zmnizeda) identificireba

(davalebebi: 18, 18’, 19, 19’).

II. arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli codna:

1. ,,vin~ da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi;

,,ra~ kiTxviTi sityvis marTebuli gamoyeneba (davaleba 9, 9’);

2. arsebiTi saxelebis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi

(davaleba 21a, 21’a);

3. TanxmovanfuZiani arsebiTi saxelis bruneba; terminebis (brunvaTa

saxelwodebebis) codna da brunvis niSanTa marTlwera:

a) brunvaTa saxelwodebebis (moqmedebiTi, viTarebiTi) identificireba

(davalebebi: 3, 3’, 4, 4’);

b) viTarebiT brunvasTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera (davalebebi: 5a, 5’a);

36 gramatikis saswavlo kursi calke wignebad axlavs v. ramiSvilis redaqciiT Sedgenil

III-IV klasebis mSobliuri enis saxelmZRvaneloebs, sadac gramatikis kursi sistemuri

saxiT aris warmodgenili da moicavs gramatikis Teoriis sakiTxebs. v. rodonaias

redaqciiT Sedgenil saxelmZRvaneloebSi literaturisa da gramatikis kursi

integrirebulia da yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ama Tu im sakiTxis praqtikul codnaze.

cxadia, gramatikis testis Sedgenisas saxelmZRvaneloTa es specifika gaTvaliswinebuli

iyo.

64

g) moTxrobiTsa da micemiT brunvebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera

(davaleba 7, 7’);

d) TanxmovanfuZian sakuTar saxelTa marTlweris normebis praqtikuli

codna (davaleba 10 a, b, 10’a, b);

e) sakuTari saxelis mimarTvis formis marTlweris praqtikuli codna

(davaleba 11, 11’);

4. arsebiTi saxelis ricxvisa da simravlis aRmniSvneli sityvis

korelacia (davaleba 15, 15’).

III. piris nacvalsaxelis funqciis codna da marTlwera:

1. mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis

marTlwera (davaleba 8a, b, 8’a, b).

IV. ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera:

1. arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis

sworad SerCeva (davaleba 16a, b, 16’a, b).

V. zmnizedasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:

1. drois, adgilisa da viTarebis zmnizedebis nimuSebisTvis

Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvis SerCeva (davaleba 20a, b, g, 20a, b, g);

2. viTarebis zmnizedis marTlwera (davaleba 5b, 5’b, 6, 6’).

VI. rTuli sityvis marTlwera:

1. defisiani kompozitebis marTlwera (davaleba 12, 12’);

2. fuZeSerwymuli kompozitebis marTlwera (davaleba 13, 13’).

VII. zmnasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:

1. zmnis uRleba:

a) pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~ xmovnebiTa da ,,v~

TanxmovniT dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi (davaleba 1a, b, g, 1’a, b, g);

b) pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~ xmovnebiTa da ,,v~

TanxmovniT dawyebul zmniswinian zmnebSi (davaleba 1d, v, 1’d, v);

g) ,,aR~ zmniswiniani zmnebis pirveli piris formebis marTlweris

praqtikuli codna (davaleba 1e, 1’e);

65

2. zmnis dro:

a) kiTxvebis daxmarebiT droTa SeTanxmeba winadadebasa da teqstSi

(davaleba 22, 22’);

b) warsul droSi ,,nen~ bolosarTis gamoyenebis praqtikuli codna

(davaleba 2a, b, g, 2’a, b, g);

3. ricxvSi monacvle zmnebis formebis (zis - sxedan, jdeba – sxdebian...)

praqtikuli codna (davaleba 14a, b, 14’a, b);

4. zmniswinTa funqciis codna; zmniswinisa da Tandebulis (-ze, -Si)

korelacia (praqtikuli codna) (17a, b, 17’a, b);

5. zmnis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi (21b, 21’ b).

VIII. winadadebis mTavari wevrebi:37

1. qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis amocnoba (davaleba 21 g, d, 21’ g, d).

IX. kiTxviTi winadadeba:

1. kiTxvis niSnis funqciis codna da kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi

winadadebis ageba (davaleba 23, 23’).

X. punqtuaciis normebis dacva:

1. wertilis, kiTxvis niSnisa da Zaxilis niSnis wesisamebr dasma;

gamaerTianebeli sityvis Semdeg orwertilis dasma;

erTgvari wevrebis mZimiT gamoyofa; winadadebaSi mimarTvis gamoyofa

(davaleba: 24 a, b, 24’ a, b);

2. saTauris brWyalebSi Casma (davaleba 25, 25’)

XI. qarTuli anbani:

1. asoebis saxelwodebaTa codna (davaleba 26, 26’).

37 oTxwledSi winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebare da Semasmeneli, iswavleba

saxelmZRvaneloTi _ qarTuli ena, III da IV klasebi, v. ramiSvilis red., romelic amave

avtoris redaqciiT Sedgenil mSobliuri enis saxelmZRvanelos axlavs. Sesabamisad, am

masalis codna Semowmda mxolod im moswavleTa namuSevrebis mixedviT, romlebic

dasaxelebuli ori wigniT swavloben mSobliur enas. v. rodonaias redaqciiT Sedgenili

saxelmZRvanelo dawyebiT klasebSi am sakiTxis Seswavlas miznad ar isaxavs.

66

4. 2. miRwevis doneebi:


saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is

testuri davaleba, romelic moiTxovs zmnis pirveli piris formis mesame

pirSi gadayvanas. zmnis warsuli drois formebSi am moqmedebis

Catarebisas, saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleTa nawilma daicva

marTlweris wesic da sworad gamoiyena III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis

niSani –nen; (maT ar dauSves dialeqtis zegavleniT mosalodneli

Secdoma, swori formis -en bolosarTiT Canacvleba). Sesabamisad,

miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze gramatikisa da marTlweris

am wess met-naklebad icaven moswavleebi da am safexurze daZleulia 4

testuri davaleba (2a, b; 2’b, g).

aSkaraa, saSualoze dabal safexurze gramatikis testis daZleuli

masala minimaluria da, faqtobrivad, misi Sesruleba mSobliur enaSi

moswavlisagan gramatikaSi ganswavlas arc moiTxovs.


moswavles SeuZlia:

- zmnis pirveli piris formebis mesame pirSi

gadayvana;

- III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnis (-nen)

marTlwera.

67

nimuSi

gadaiyvane zmnebi pirveli piridan mesame pirSi:

a) Cven vsaubrobT. isini saubroben,

b) Cven navSi CavsxediT. isini navSi Casxdnen.

g) Cven gvian gavemgzavreT. isini gvian gaemgzavrnen.

saSualo safexuri

saSualo safexurze moswavle testuri kiTxvebisa da davalebebis

Sesrulebisas nawilobriv avlens da iyenebs im codnas, romelic mas am

sferoSi aqvs miRebuli oTxwledSi swavlisas. es exeba, ZiriTadad,

arsebiT saxels, piris nacvalsaxels da zmnas. moswavles SeuZlia ,,vin~

da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebis garCeva; avlens marTlweris wesebis

garkveul codnas arsebiTi saxelis brunebisas da zmnis uRlebisas;

aseve, met-naklebad axerxebs testur davalebebSi mocemuli TxrobiTi

winadadebis amocnobas da wertilis dasmas.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic moswavleebma

saSualo safexurze daZlies.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (9, 9’) mixedviT, moswavlem unda

amoicnos arsebiTi saxelis Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityva. am davalebis

saSualebiT mowmdeba, arCevs Tu ara moswavle arsebiTi saxelis vin da

ra jgufebs. davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

56%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (5 a, b; 5’ a, b) amowmebs arsebiTi saxelis

viTarebiTi brunvis formisa da viTarebis zmnizedis marTlweras.

moswavleebma mocemuli sityvebi swori formiT (orTqlad, msubuqad)

68

unda Casvan winadadebebSi. es davaleba daZlia moswavleTa 69%-ma da

65%-ma.38

nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (1 a, b; 1’ a, b) mixedviT, moswavles

evaleba, zmnebis III piris formebi gadaiyvanos I pirSi. mowmdeba pirveli

piris niSnis (v- TavsarTis) darTva o- da u- xmovnebiT dawyebul

uzmniswino zmnebSi. es davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 52%-ma da

58%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri davalebis (24 a, e) mixedviT, moswavlem unda

dasvas gamotovebuli wertili teqstSi, romelic ori TxrobiTi

winadadebisagan Sedgeba. saSualo safexurze es davaleba Sesrulda

mxolod nawilobriv. wertili teqstis bolos, meore winadadebis

dasasruls, dasva moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 54%-ma.39

SeniSvna: TxrobiTi winadadebis bolos wertilis dasma gacilebiT

gauZneldaT moswavleebs weriTi davalebebis Sesrulebisas.

damoukideblad Txzulebis SeTxzvisas Tu wakiTxuli teqstis

perifrazis dros moswavleTa mxolod 16,5% axerxebs TxrobiTi

winadadebis bolos wertilis dasmas.

38 testuri kiTxva, romelic moswavlisagan moiTxovs gramatikuli terminebis codnas

(Casvi saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgari arsebiTi saxeli viTarebiT brunvaSi: rveuli - _____)

moswavleebma daZlies mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze (34%). 39 am davalebis mixedviT, Sua teqstSi, pirveli winadadebis bolos wertili dasva

moswavleTa 25%-ma.

69

saSualo safexuri

moswavlem met-naklebad icis da SeuZlia:

- ,,vin~ da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi; ,,ra~ kiTxviTi sityvis

marTebuli gamoyeneba;

- brunvebTan (moTxrobiTi, micemiTi, viTarebiTi) dakavSirebuli

marTlwera;

- piris nacvalsaxelis funqcia; mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis

nacvalsaxelis saxelobiTi brunvis formis (isini) marTlwera;

- zmnis uRleba: pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~

xmovnebiT dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi; III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis

niSnis (-nen) marTlwera;

- zmniswinebisa (da-, Ca-) da Tandebulebis (-ze, -Si) urTierTkavSiri

(praqtikuli codna);

- TxrobiTi winadadeba; wertilis wesisamebr dasma.

70

nimuSi 1

gaixsene kiTxviTi sityvebi: `vin~, `ra~...

Secvale arsebiTi saxeli Sesaferisi kiTxviTi sityviT da Cawere:

kurdRelma stafilo SeWama.

ramGSeWama stafilo?

nimuSi 2

winadadebebSi sworad Casvi mocemuli sityvebi:

orTqli

wyali orTqlad iqca.

msubuqi

Bpepela msubuqad afrinda.

nimuSi 3

gadaiyvane zmnebi mesame piridan pirvel pirSi:

a) is ocnebobs.

me vocnebob.

b) is uambobs.

me vuambob.

71

nimuSi 4

dasvi gamorCenili sasveni niSnebi:

a) patara frinvels Cits vuwodebT didi frinvelebia

arwivi mimino qori.


saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavle avlens oTxwledis

Sesabamisi gramatikis kursis codnas. mas, ZiriTadad, aTvisebuli aqvs

gramatikis kursis is nawili, romelic morfologias ukavSirdeba. met-

naklebad sworad asrulebs im davalebebsac, romlebic arsebiT

saxelTan, zmnasTan da zmnizedasTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris

normebis praqtikul codnas moiTxovs. aseve, met-naklebad axerxebs

testur davalebebSi mocemuli winadadebebis Sinaarsis amocnobas da

sasveni niSnebis sworad dasmas.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic moswavleebma

am safexurze daZlies.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davaleba (11) amowmebs sakuTari saxelis

mimarTvis formis marTlweras. es 2-quliani davaleba daZlia

moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis maqsimum 33%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (12) amowmebs kompozitis marTlweras.

moswavles evaleba, mocemul winadadebaSi amoicnos Secdoma da

kompoziti (mindor-veli) sworad daweros. es davaleba sworad Seasrula

moswavleTa 28%-ma.

nimuSi 3 – testuri kiTxva (19) amowmebs, icis Tu ara moswavlem

gramatikuli termini (zmna) da SeuZlia Tu ara Sesabamisi metyvelebis

72

nawilis amocnoba. am arCeviT testur kiTxvas sworad upasuxa

moswavleTa 32%-ma40.

nimuSi 4 – testuri davaleba (22) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara

moswavles, gadaitanos teqsti awmyo drodan warsulSi da winadadebebi

droSi SeaTanxmos. niSandoblivia, rom awmyodan warsul droSi pirveli

winadadeba gadaitana moswavleTa 39%-ma. es davaleba mTlianad sworad

Seaserula (e. i. teqstSi zmnebi droSi SeaTanxma) moswavleTa maqsimum

34%-ma.

nimuSi 5 _ testuri davalebis (20a, b, g) mixedviT, moswavlem

mocemul zmnizedebs unda miuweros Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvebi. es

davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saSualod 29%-ma.

40 moswavleTa 30%-ma zmna gamravlda ricxviT saxelad miiCnia.

73


moswavlem met-naklebad icis da SeuZlia:

- qarTuli anbani: asoebis saxelwodebebi;

- sityvisa da Sesabamisi gramatikuli terminis (arsebiTi

saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, zmna) identificireba;

- brunvaTa saxelwodebebis (moqmedebiTi, viTarebiTi)

identificireba;

- viTarebiT brunvasTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera;

- TanxmovanfuZian sakuTar saxelTa moTxrobiTisa da

micemiTis formebis marTlweris normebi;

- sakuTari saxelis mimarTvis formis marTlwera;

- arsebiTi saxelis ricxvisa da simravlis aRmniSvneli

sityvis korelacia;

- arsebiTi saxelebis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi;

- mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis

moTxrobiTi brunvis formiT (maT) marTebuli gamoyeneba;

- drois, adgilisa da viTarebis zmnizedebis nimuSebisTvis

Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvis SerCeva;

- rTuli sityvis _ defisiani da fuZeSerwymuli kompozitebis

_ marTlwera;

- zmnis pirveli piris formebis marTlwera o- da u- xmovnebiT

dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi;

- droTa SeTanxmeba winadadebasa da teqstSi;

- zmnis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi;

- sasveni niSnebi: wertilis, kiTxvis niSnisa da Zaxilis niSnis

wesisamebr dasma; gamaerTianebeli sityvis Semdeg orwertilis

dasma; winadadebaSi mimarTvis gamoyofa.

74

nimuSi 1

winadadebaSi sworad Cawere mocemuli saxelebi:

nugzari da levani

nugzar da levan, gaaReT WiSkari!

nimuSi 2

am winadadebaSi erTi Secdomaa! İipove da sworad dawere es

sityva:

mindorveli mwvaned bibinebda.

mindor-veli

nimuSi 3

Semoxaze, CamoTvlilTagan romels miekuTvneba sityva

,,gamravlda~?

* a. zmnebs;

b. zmnizedebs;

g. ricxviT saxelebs.

nimuSi 4

gadaiyvane monaTxrobi warsul droSi ise, rom zmnebi

pasuxobdes kiTxvas: r a q n a ?

mze amodis, vardi iSleba, Rrubeli ifanteba.

mze amovida, vardi gaiSala, Rrubeli gaifanta.

75

nimuSi 5

miuwere Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityva:

a. SarSan – rodis?

b. maRla – sad?

g. nela _ rogor?

maRali safexuri

maRal safexurze moswavleebma, faqtobrivad, daZlies

gramatikis testi. maT, garda morfologiis sakiTxebisa, gamoavlines

sintaqsis sakiTxebis codnac: amoicnes winadadebis mTavari wevrebi

(qvemdebare, Semasmeneli); aages kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi winadadeba;

gamoavlines saTauris brWyalebSi Casmis wesis codna; aseve, SeZles:

arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis

marTebulad SerCeva; pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,v~ TanxmovniT

dawyebul zmniswinian zmnebSi (Cveulebriv, amgvar SemTxvevebSi,

metyvelebisas mkafiod ar ismis piris niSani, amitomac sworad wera

gramatikuli wesis kargad codnasac avlens). am safexurze SeZles, aseve

marTlweris normis dacva aR- zmniswinisa da pirveli piris niSnis (v-

TavsarTis) erTad Tavmoyrisas.

nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic maRal

safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.

nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (14’ a, b) mixedviT, moswavlem

sworad unda Seunacvlos erTmaneTs ricxvSi monacvle zmnebi (jdeba –

sxdebian; zis – sxedan). davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleTa

saerTo raodenobis 8%-ma.

nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (16 a, b) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara

moswavles arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTi ricxviTi

saxelisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis sworad SerCeva (me-6; 21-e); es davaleba

daZlia moswavleebis saSualod 11%-ma.

76

nimuSi 3 _ testuri davaleba (21 g, d) moiTxovs, moswavlem

amoicnos da amoweros mocemuli martivi gavrcobili winadadebis

qvemdebare (xem) da Semasmeneli (gaidga). qvemdebare sworad amowera

moswavleTa 14%-ma, xolo Semasmeneli _ 24%-ma.

nimuSi 4 _ testuri davaleba (25) amowmebs, SeZlebs Tu ara

moswavle, amoicnos saTauri da aRadginos gamotovebuli brWyalebi.

davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleebis 10%-ma.

77

maRali safexuri

moswavleebma mxolod am safexurze SeZles:

- gramatikuli terminis _ zmnizedis _ identificireba;

- ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera: arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli

rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis sworad SerCeva;

- ricxvSi monacvle zmnebis formebis (zis - sxedan, jdeba –

sxdebian...) sworad gamoyeneba;

- winadadebis mTavari wevrebis, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis

amocnoba;

- kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi winadadebis ageba;

- saTauris brWyalebSi Casma;

- pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,v~ TanxmovniT dawyebul

zmniswinian zmnebSi.

nimuSi 1

gadaiyvane mxolobiTidan mravlobiT

ricxvSi:

a) bavSvi jdeba. bavSvebi sxdebian .

b) qali zis. qalebi sxedan .

nimuSi 2

Cawere ricxviTi saxeli arabuli

cifrebis (6 da 21) gamoyenebiT:

a) meeqvse ( me-6 ).

b) ocdameerTe ( 21-e ).

78

nimuSi 3

daakvirdi winadadebas:

muxis xem fesvi Rrmad gaidga.

g) amowere qvemdebare: xem

d) amowere Semasmeneli: gaidga

nimuSi 4

erT-erT winadadebaSi gamorCenilia

brWyalebi.

dasvi brWyalebi iq, sadac saWiroa:

wiqara bavSvebis sayvareli gmiria.

`wiqara~ bavSvebis sayvareli zRaparia.

* * *

gramatikis sferoSi miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze

aRmoCnda moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 20% (ix. diagr. ?).

es safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 78%-ma.

am statistikuri monacemis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis danarCeni 22% saerTod ver avlens

gramatikis sferoSi oTxwledis Sesabamisi kursis codnas (ix. diagr. ?).

amasTan, is masalac, romelic saSualoze dabali safexuris Sesabamisi

aRmoCnda, Zalze mcirea da, ZiriTadad, mSobliuri enis gramatikuli

normebis bunebriv codnas ukavSirdeba da ar aris swavlebis Sedegad

SeZenili. saSualoze dabal safexurs Seesabameba testuri kiTxvebisa da

davalebebis 4, 6% _ 108-dan 5 kiTxva (ix. diagr. ?).

statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, saSualo safexuri mTlianad

gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 58%-ma. maTgan

moswavleTa 23% miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze aRmoCnda (ix.

79

diagr.?). mTeli masalis 24% _ 108-dan 26 testuri kiTxva sirTuliT

miRwevis donis am safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr.?). aqedan gamomdinare,

saSualo safexurze myofma moswavleebma SeZles gramatikis sferoSi

garkveuli codnis gamovlena.

saSualoze maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis saSualod 35%-ma. maTgan moswavleTa 19% aRmoCnda miRwevis

donis am safexurze (ix. diagr. ?). sirTulis doniT saSualoze maRal

safexurs Seesabameba 108-dan 56 testuri kiTxva da davaleba _ mTeli

masalis 52% (ix. diagr. ?). am safexurze myofi moswavleebi avlenen

gramatikuli masalis damakmayofilebel, rig SemTxvevebSi ki _ karg

codnas

miRwevis donis maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis saSualod 16%-ma. am safexurs sirTuliT Seefardeba 22

testuri kiTxva da davaleba, rac mTeli masalis 20%-s Seadgens. maRal

safexurze moswavleebma moaxeres gramatikis testis mTlianad daZleva _

maT gamoavlines oTxwledis Sesabamisi gramatikuli masalis

srulyofili codna.

eqspertTa azriT, gramatikis testis didi nawili moswavleTaTvis

advilad dasaZlevi unda yofiliyo. es varaudi gansxvavdeba realuri

Sedegisagan. rogorc Cans, eqspertebma miiCnies, rom mSobliuri enis

gramatikuli normebis bunebriv codnas gamoavlenda moswavleTa didi

nawili, maT Soris e.w. susti moswavleebic. realuri suraTis mixedviT

cxadi xdeba, rom mSobliuri enis swavlebis am sferoSi mniSvnelovani

xarvezebia da swavlebis meTodi aSkarad moiTxovs gadasinjvas.

80

diagrama


(gramatika)

20

22

16

19

23

dabali

saSualoze dabali

saSualosaSualoze maRali

maRali diagrama

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

saS.dabali

saSualo

saS.maRali

maRali

miRwevis doneebi

Sesabamisi masala

81

sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi

saxelmwifo Sefasebis Sedegebis statistikuri analizis mizani iyo

saswavlo procesze iseTi faqtorebis gavlenaTa warmoCena, rogoricaa

sacxovrebeli adgili (qalaqi/ sofeli; bari /mTiani regioni), qarTuli

enis alternatiuli saxelmZRvaneloebi (v. ramiSvilis red. / v. rodonaias

red.) da moswavlis sqesi (gogona/biWi).

gamovlinda, rom oTxwledis farglebSi yvela sfero _ kiTxva,

leqsika, gramatika da wera _ ukeTesad daZlies gogonebma (ix.

diagramebi///////////////). biWebs gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT wakiTxulis

Sinaarsis dawera da Tavisufali Temis SeTxzva, anu iseTi weriTi

davalebebi, sadac moswavles moeTxoveba Txroba mdidari leqsikuri

maragis gamoyenebiT. xarvezs leqsikis sferoSi adasturebs uSualod

leqsikis, agreTve, kiTxvis testebis Sedegebic. weriTi davalebebi,

romlebic mocemuli miTiTebis mixedviT informaciis logikurad

gadmocemas, agreTve yofiTi situaciis aRweras moiTxovda moswavleTagan,

gogonebma da biWebma erTnairad Seasrules.

rac Seexeba sacxovrebel adgils, miRwevaTa done yvela sferos

mixedviT sofelTan da mTis regionTan SedarebiT gacilebiT maRalia

qalaqsa da barSi (ix. diagramebi /////////////////////). niSandoblivia, rom

maRalmTian regionebsa da soflebSi mcxovreb moswavleebs

gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebis gaazreba.

leqsikis, kiTxvis da weris sferoebi ukeTesad daZlies im

moswavleebma, romlebic dawyebiT klasebSi mSobliur enas swavloben v.

rodonaias redaqciiT Sedgenili saxelmZRvaneloTi. kerZod, Sedegi

ukeTesia sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebisa da Tanamedrove sabavSvo

moTxrobis gaazrebisas (ix. diagramebi /////////////). gramatikis sferoSi ki

TiTqmis erTnairia Sedegi orive saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT (ix. diagrama

///).

82

daskvna

saxelmwifo Sefasebis Sedegad gamovlinda, realurad ra codna da

unar-Cvevebi SeiZina moswavlem oTxi wlis manZilze dRevandel skolaSi.

saswavlo procesis Sefasebam gviCvena, rom Semowmebuli sami sferos

(kiTxvis, leqsikis, gramatikis) Sedegebis mixedviT, dRes qveyanaSi

swavlebis pirveli etapis, oTxwledis dasrulebisas, moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobidan gamoiyofa iseTi 20%, romelsac ara aqvs daZleuli

miRwevis donis saSualoze dabali safexuric ki, rac EniSnavs, rom

moswavleTa es raodenoba ver avlens im moTxovnebis Sesabamisi codnisa

da unaris minimumsac, romelic mis winaSe dRevandel skolaSi dgas

oTxwledis dasrulebisas.

rac Seexeba miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurs, aq

daZleuli masala da SeZenili unar-Cvevebi samive sferoSi imdenad

minimaluria, rom am safexurze myofi moswavleebic, moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis 19%, im 20%-Tan erTad, romelic saSualoze dabal

safexursac ki ver Zlevs, faqtobrivad saswavlo procesis miRma

aRmoCnda. am monacemebis mixedviT, aSkaraa, rom moswavleTa saSualod

39% namdvilad ver SeZlebs daZlios swavlebis Semdgomi etapi (ix. diagr.

5).

diagrama 5

kiTxva, leqsika, gramatika


(saerTo suraTi)

21

20

20

20

19

dabali

saSualoze dabalisaSualo

saSualoze maRalimaRali

83

suraTs kidev ufro amZimebs weris Sedegis analizi: dRes

oTxwledis dasrulebisas moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis TiTqmis

naxevari, saSualod 48%, ver Zlevs im moTxovnebis minimumsac ki,

romelsac skola mis winaSe ayenebs _ ver axerxebs azris werilobiT

gamoTqmas, saerTod ver asrulebs dawyebiTi skolis tradiciul weriT

davalebebs. A

amgvarad, moswavleTa sakmaod did raodenobas (minimum 39%, maqsimum

48%) swavlis pirveli etapis dasrulebisas ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli is

ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi, romlebsac eyrdnoba Semdgomi saswavlo procesi.

mxedvelobaSi Tu miviRebT im faqts, rom V klasSi sabazo unarebi ukve

Camoyalibebulad aris miCneuli da mkveTrad izrdeba moTxovnebi _

rTuldeba masala mSobliur enaSi, iwyeba ramdenime axali sagnis

swavleba, maSin Zneli warmosadgeni ar unda iyos, Tu ra problemebis

winaSe aRmoCndebian es moswavleebi mexuTe klasSi. AaSkarad Cndeba

saSiSroeba, rom sabazo unarebis ganviTarebis gareSe Seferxdeba

moswavleTa am nawilis pirovnuli ganviTareba da samomavlod

gaZneldeba sazogadoebaSi maTi integrireba.

rogoria miRwevis saSualo done dRevandel skolaSi? gairkva, rom

am safexurze daZleuli masala da Camoyalibebuli unarebi ori,

erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli sferos _ kiTxvisa da leqsikis _

farglebSi damakmayofilebelia. Tumca dasafiqrebelia is faqti, rom am

safexurze moswavleTa mcire raodenoba, mxolod 19-20% aRmoCnda.

sazogadod, saswavlo procesSi dasaxuli ZiriTadi, umTavresi

miznebi da amocanebi ZiriTadad daZleuli unda iyos swored saSualo

safexurze. saSualo safexurze miRweuli warmateba saswavlo procesis

karg maCveneblad iTvleba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saSualo safexurze

misaRwevi miznebi sanaxevrod aris daZleuli, isic sakmaod mcire

raodenobis moswavleTa mier, Tanac mxolod or sferoSi. weris sferoSi

saSualo safexuri TiTqmis ar gamoikveTa. am safexurs Seefardeba

moswavleTa mxolod 3%. es ki niSnavs, rom miRwevis donis mixedviT

leqsikasa da kiTxvaSi saSualo safexurze myof moswavleebs weris

sferoSi mZime mdgomareoba aqvT. AsaSualo safexurze aseve mZime suraTia

gramatikis codnisa da misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTac.

magaliTisTvis: miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze ar aris

84

gamomuSavebuli TxrobiTi winadadebis bolos wertilis dasmis Cvevac ki;

punqtuaciis am ZiriTad wess ver icavs moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis

83%.

Kkvlevis Sedegad cxadad gamoikveTa, rom dRes saswavlo procesi

orientirebulia saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurze myof

moswavleebze. KkiTxvisa daLELleqsikis monacemebis kvlevis Sedegebma

gviCvena, rom saswavlo masalis mniSvnelovani nawili, mTeli moculobis

34,4 - 41,2%, Tavisi sirTuliT Seefardeba swored saSualoze maRalsa da

maRal safexurebs. es masala aTvisebuli aqvs moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis saSualod 41,5%-s.

rac Seexeba gramatikis sferos, Tavisi sirTuliT saSualoze

maRalsa da maRal safexurebs Seefardeba saswavlo masalis gacilebiT

didi nawili _ 72%. es masala aTvisebuli aqvs moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis 35%-s.

weris sferoSic garkveuli miRwevebi moswavleebs aqvT mxolod

saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze. moswavleTa saerTo

raodenobis saSualod 40% weris sferoSi saswavlo procesis moTxovnebs

Tavs arTmevs, Tumca SeiniSneba garkveuli xarvezebi. moswavleTa mcire

nawili, saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 9%, srulyofilad avlens

weriTi metyvelebis unars. amaTgan originalurobiT _ SemoqmedebiTi

unariT, SeTxzvis niWiT _ gamoirCeva moswavleTa 4%.

amgvarad, dRevandel skolaSi oTxwledis dasasruls ikveTeba

Semdegi suraTi: moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari warmoadgens e. w. sustsa da

Zalian sust moswavleebs, miRwevis saSualo donezea moswavleTa mcire

jgufi; SedarebiT did raodenobas warmoadgenen e. w. kargi da Zlieri

moswavleebi. miRwevis doneebis mixedviT moswavleTa amgvari

polarizacia dRevandel skolaSi saswavlo procesis sakamod did

xarvezze miuTiTebs.

cxadia, aseT pirobebSi unda SemuSavdes iseTi strategia, romelic

xels Seuwyobs miRwevis saSualo safexurze moswavleTa ricxvis

gazrdas da moswavleTa im didi raodenobis Semcirebas, romelic

saSualoze dabal safexurze da mis miRma imyofeba. amasTanave ar unda

85

iyos ugulvebelyofili da uyuradRebod datovebuli saSualoze maRal

da maRal safexurze myofi moswavleebis SesaZlebloba da interesebi.41

41 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. rekomendaciebi.

86

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. Постиганьа на Учениците по Македонски Jазик и по Математика, 2001

2. Letting Students Shine, Assessment to Promote Student Learning, ETS, Princeton, NJ,

1999.

3. ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness, Princeton, NJ, 2002.

4. Creating Assessment for Education Community, ETS, Princeton, NJ.

5. PIRLS 2001 Technical Report, Martin, M. O., Mullis, I. V. S., Kennedy, A. M. (Eds.),

Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.

6. PIRLS 2001 User Guide for the International Database, Gonzalez, E. J., Kennedy, A.

M., Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.

7. PIRLS 2001 International Report: IEA's Study of Reading Literacy Achievement in

Primary Schools, Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Gonzalez, E. J., Kennedy, A. M.,

Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.

8. PIRLS 2001 Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to Reading Education in the Countries

Participating in IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), Mullis,

I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Kennedy, A. M., Flaherty, C. L., Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston

College, 2002.

9. Framework and Specifications for PIRLS Assessment 2001 - 2nd edition, Campbell, J.

R., Kelly, D. L., Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Sainsbury, M., Chestnut Hill, MA:

Boston College, 2001.

10. Trends in Children's Reading Literacy Achievement 1991-2001: IEA's Report in Nine

Countries of the 1991 Reading Literacy Study, Martin, M. O., Mullis, I. V. S., Gonzalez,

E. J., Kennedy, A. M. (Eds.), Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.

87

Documents

saxelmwifo Sefaseba qarTul enaSi (I-IV klasebi)