Seminar Pengajian Strategi Presenting

7/30/2019 Seminar Pengajian Strategi Presenting

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SEMINAR PENGAJIAN STRATEGI

19 DISEMBER 2012,

RABU

GROUP NAME :KOOST

PRESENTER :

AKMAL JUHAFIQMUHAMMAD RUSYDI

WAN AYUNI


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SCOPE5


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CRISIS

WHAT


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Crisis?

tense situation

a crucial stage or turning point in the course of

something, especially in a sequence of events

or a disease

an unstable period, especially one of extreme

trouble or danger


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Management?

the act of managing something

"Management is the art of getting things done

through and with people in formally organised

groups." (Harold Koontz)

Management is continuous and never ending

proses


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Crisis management

Mechanisms or instruments to solve a problem

Measure to resolve, investigate and prepare in ahostile situation

Crisis management is what to do wheneverything falls apart.

The total crisis management effort focuses notonly on what to do in the heat of a crisis, but alsoon why crises happen in the first place and whatcan be done to prevent them (Pauchant &Mitroff, 1992)


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Crisis management is a series of functions or

processes to identify, study and forecast crisis

issues, and set forth specific ways that would

enable an organization to prevent or cope

with a crisis (Darling, Hannu, & Raimo, 1996)


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the making of

Crisis management in a general sense

emerged after World War II developing discipline also gained prominence

as an international policy

1962 Cuban Missile crisis encourage of themuch-studied of that concept

And now it has been widely accepted


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The primary requirement in terms of conflict

prevention is to reinforce crisis management

frameworks

to keep disputes over territorial rights and

marine resources from escalating into

situations that involve human lives and

military force


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The first step for preventing the outbreak of

crises should be to minimize uncertainty

concerning the action each side would take in

response to specific crisis situations

the countries involved will come to an

agreement about territorial ownership and

resources utilization


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SENKAKU

ISLAND


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GEOGRAPHY

OF THE

SENKAKU

ISLAND


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It situated in the Eastern Chinese Sea 400 km west ofOkinawa and 170 km northeast of Taiwan.

They are separated from the Japanese Okinawa Islands by adeep (2270 meter) sea trench.

The islands are geographically part of the Taiwanesecontinental shelf. The sea between Taiwan, China and theislands is no deeper than 200 meters.

JAPAN position 2270-meter deep underwater OkinawaTrench separates the islands from the Japanese OkinawaIslands.

The strategic value of the islands is attributed to theirlocation adjacent to important waters, there are two

ownership confers:a) Either China its most north eastern territory in the East

Chinese Sea, or

b) Japans most southwest point of the Japanese archipelago.


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DISPUTES


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1970The territorial conflict over the SenkakuIslands sovereignty has dragged

China and Taiwan began claimingsovereignty of the Senkaku islands in the afterexperts discovered oil reserves might be foundunder the sea near the islands.

Reason that the conflict has not been settled isthe unsolved political situation of the two Chinesecountries, namely the Republic of Taiwan (PRO)and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC / Chinamainland)


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Weather the Island were TERRA NULLIUS ?

Japan argue that the island were terra nullius - a territorybelonging to no one.

January 1895, during the Sino-Japanese War, Japan

incorporates the islands citing the principle of TerraNullius of International Law.

An official statement about its sovereignty claim, the

Japanese government states that:


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From 1885 on, surveys of the Senkaku Islands had

been thoroughly made by the Government of Japan

through the agencies of Okinawa Prefecture and byway of other methods. Through these surveys, it

was confirmed that the Senkaku Islands had beenuninhabited and showed no trace of having beenunder the control of China. Based on this

confirmation, the Government of Japan made a

Cabinet Decision on 14 January 1895 to erect amarker on the Islands to formally incorporate theSenkaku Islands into the territory of Japan.


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Japan not only said that the island was terra

nullius but also on Chinas keeping silence to

Japanese claim until in the 1970.

China refuses that.

It is because with respect to why the Chinese

did not protest Japans claim in 1895, the Chinese

explanation emphasizes the 1894-95 war between

Qing and Japan


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THIER

ACTORS


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Actors involved in Senkaku disputes..

JAPANCHINA

TAIWAN


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In case on senkaku island.

the two sides need to affirm the status quo

mutually acknowledge an explicit or tacit way

To show the status quo, both China and Japantrying to control over these island.


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Status Quo

JAPAN

Japan placed under state control a lighthousebuilt by nationalists on despite rival claims

by China and Taiwan. Japanese planes reported flames from the

top of the rigs which occur when gas is being

pumped from a field. This rang alarm bells in Japan as the site

bordered disputed economic zones of twocountries.


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CHINA

Chinese maritime incursions into Japans

territorial water and even more frequent

survey activities in Japan Exclusive Economy

Zone(EEZ)

On September 7, 2010 a Chinese fishing

trawler collided with 2 Japan Coast Guard

(JCG) patrol boats in waters near the

disputed Senkaku Island.


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Resolution

the two nations agreed to work towards a Maritime Searchand Rescue agreement and to improve communicationbetween the relevant authorities of Japan and Chinatowards development of a multi-layered mechanism for

crisis management. The Japanese and Chinese governments agreed in principle

to cooperate on Search and Rescue efforts.

Tokyo would like to see a high level maritime dialogue thatwould include both crisis management as well as resource

development issues in the East China Sea. To be effective this would need to include Chinas various

maritime agencies, in addition to its diplomats, anddetermining who in China shouldand will


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As maritime nation, Japan and China should

work through channels such as the East Asia

Summit and Asia Pacific Economic

Cooperation forums to promote the formationof international agreements related to

freedom of the seas and to establish rules for

waterway utilization.


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Conclusion

The sensitivities of both actors will make such an

incident difficult to manage should the territorial

claims over Senkaku islands be part of the mix.

military confrontationaccidental or otherwisebetween Chinese and Japanese navies in the East

China Sea would pose significant challenges to

the United States, and would bring Washingtonand Beijing into a crisis that both countries wants

to avoid.

R f


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References

Martin Lohmeyer,The Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands Dispute,Questions of

Sovereignty and Suggestions for Resolving the Dispute,2008. M. Taylor Fravel,Explaining Stability in the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands

Dispute,1995.

Seokwoo Lee, The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan and The

Territorial Disputes In East Asia, 2002.

Koichi Sato, Chinas Territorial Claims at Sea: The East China and SouthChina Sea.

Sheila A. Smith, Japan and the East China Sea Dispute, 2011.

Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky,International Laws Unhelpful Role In The

Senkaku Islands,1996.

See Overview of the Meetings between Foreign Minister Takeaki

Matsumoto and Vice President Xi Jinping and State Councilor Dai

Bingguo, July 4, 2011, available at: http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-

paci/china/meet110704.html.


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Seminar Pengajian Strategi Presenting