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Seminar Presentation Rudolf
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Innovative Concepts and Strategies for Solar
Electrification in Indonesia
Dr. Rudolf Rauch
Program Coordinator Renewable Energy Indonesia/ASEAN
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
Solar Energy Seminar, Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Technik
Jakarta, 24. July 2012
Keys for commercial PV use
� meets customer needs
� competitive viable technology (costs)
� suitable for mass market, possible standardization
� market oriented service structure that satisfies the customer
� Indonesia biggest archipelago (17000 islands)
� biggest ASEAN member state (population: 240 Mio)
� economic growth: 6% p.a.; increase power consumption: 9 % .
Present Situation
� Electrification 66%, 80 Mio people without electricity
� PLN (state utility) > 5000 power plants, 5 MW/plant
� average generation costs PLN: 1200 IDR/kWh
� In remote areas: 3000 – 9000 IDR/kWh (diesel)
� Solar irradiation: 4.1-5.5 kWh/m2/d (ca 50%> than Germany)
� Total PV potential in comparison with Germany: Factor 10
� Installed PV Capacity: 15 MW
� Prior government programs limited success (off-grid)
Banda
Aceh
Medan
Dumai
Padan
Samarinda
Pontianak
Present Grid/ Transmission Lines
Jambi
Padan
g
Lampung
Banjarmasin
Surabaya
Jakarta
Denpasar
Existing Transmission
Line
Planned Transmission
Line
Regional Focus: Islands in East-Indonesia
� Strong solar irradiation, dry climate
� Little potential for hydropower/biomass
� PV as best renewable solution
Customer PLN
� PV electricity feed-in into local PLN DG-grids
� Close to the power plant (PLN1000 Island Programme)
� Along the 20 kV privately operated grid� Along the 20 kV privately operated grid
� Cost criteria: each kWh saved from diesel generation
reduces PLN’s losses.
� Example: 8 MW diesel plant, 100 km 20kV grid, PLN
generation costs 2800 IDR/kWh, selling price 450-1380
IDR/kWh
Customer PLN: Large-Scale PV (1000 Island Program)
� large scale PV systems in combination with PLN
diesel-fired plants (PV-DG-Hybrid)
� 71 Sites� 71 Sites
� Total PV Capacity: 302 MWp
� PV Plant Size: 1 – 30 MWp
� Estimated Costs: 2.56 Euro/Wp
� Off-Taker & Operator: PLN
� Competitive Tendering
Alternatives or Additions to PLN PV-DG Hybrid plants
� PV feed-in alongside of the 20 kV grid
� Less transmission and distribution losses
� Financing and operation through private entities (no costs � Financing and operation through private entities (no costs
for PLN)
� Reduces PLN’s losses by replacing diesel generated
electricity through solar solutions
� Precondition: Establishment of Power Purchasing
Agreement with local PLN beneath their generation costs
Customer PLN: Small-Scale PV (1000 Island Program)
� 674 Sites
� Total PV Capacity: 119 MWp
� PV Plant Size: 50 - 1500 kWp� PV Plant Size: 50 - 1500 kWp
� Estimated Costs: 2.69 – 3.83 Euro/Wp
� Off-Taker: PLN
� Operator: PLN?
Customers NREEC, Villages: PV village systems
� government program, driver: NREEC/MEMR
� 160 Sites @ 15 kWp
� Tendering by MEMR� Tendering by MEMR
� Operator: village committees
� Main challenge: sustainable operation of PV battery-
systems by villagers
� Demand for innovative und sustainable solutions to
be offered by service provider / suppliers
Specific commercial applications
� Cooling through PV – fishery
� Water pumps powered by PV – drinking water,
agricultureagriculture
� Drinking water purification
� PV systems for transmitter tower
� PV engines for fishing boats
� Tourism, Hotels
Specific solutions for social institutions
� Local clinics (lighting, drug cooling, etc)
� Community halls
� Schools� Schools
� Mosques, Churches
Specific solutions for customers
� Lighting
� Charging of cellphones
� PV-TV (television)� PV-TV (television)
� Domestic appliances
� etc
Innovative business models
� Alternative structure of distribution, e.g. through
providers/operators of DG-Sets
� Through distributors of mobile phones, TVs, etc.� Through distributors of mobile phones, TVs, etc.
� Distributors of refrigeration systems
� Sustainable operator models for village PV
systems
Estimated Market Potential
� Theoretic Potential: I = D x 10
� Estimation: 5000 diesel fired plants,1000 of them
as PV-DG Hybrid-System and/or grid-connected as PV-DG Hybrid-System and/or grid-connected
PV plants
� In the medium run (5 years): 1000 MWp
� In the short run (2-3 years): 200 MWp
� Application specific solutions ?
� Village power plants: 2 MW/annually