Sep., 2013 영어 청취와 작문

English Listening and Composition

Prof. Shao Guangqing

Shaoguangqing@gmail.com

Still remember how to draft an outline of a process paragraph?

Warm-up and Review

Title: _____________________

Topic sentence• topic: __________________________________.Supporting sentences•Background information _____________________.•Step 1:_______________________________________________________________________.•Step 2:_______________________________________________________________________.•Step 3:_______________________________________________________________________.Concluding sentence________________________________________.

Contents

Unit Four Process Paragraphs Part 3

Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation Using Time-Order words in process paragraphs

Part 4 Using imperatives Modals of advice, necessity and prohibition From outline to paragraph

Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation

Questions: 1. Why is it important to review travel

plans? 2. What is the author’s strategy for packing

only a few pieces of clothing? 3. What items does the author suggest

putting in the suitcase first? 4. What is the last step in packing a

suitcase?

Questions

1. Why is it important to review travel plans? You do not want to forget an important item

when packing for your trip.

Questions

2. What is the author’s strategy for packing only a few pieces of clothing? The author suggests packing colors that

match.

Questions

3. What items does the author suggest putting in the suitcase first? The author suggests packing large items

first in order to make sure they fit.

Questions

4. What is the last step in packing a suitcase? You should check your list to make sure

you have not forgotten anything, like your swimsuit.

Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation

Topic sentence …disasters and inconveniences can

be avoided if you follow certain steps when packing

your suitcase.

Background information Imagine that you are on

Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit!

Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit!

Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit!

Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

discover that you have forgotten your swimsuit!

Vacation at the beach, and you open your suitcase to

Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation

Reading: The Secret to a Successful Vacation

…a well-packed suitcase is the secret to a good travel…

Supporting sentences

First review your travel plans and activities; make a list

Next gather the items you need; remove unnecessary…

Third pack: large items first, then smaller items

Finally check your list before you close your suitcase

Concluding sentence

Using Time-Order words in process paragraphs

First, make a list. Second, select your clothes. Next, place your shoes in the corners. Then arrange your clothes in neat layers. Later, add last minute items such as medications After that, roll the clothes to avoid wrinkles. Finally, check your list for any forgotten items before/after

Then is not followed by a comma!

Using imperatives

The first step is to review your travel plans and activities. Make a list and save it so that you can check your items before you leave. Next, gather the items you will need for your activities. Remove any item that is not necessary. Try to mix and match fewer pieces of clothing and shoes by choosing a color or colors that match. Third, you are ready to pack. Start with large items such as books or shoes. Stuff your shoes with extra socks to save space.

What type of sentence structure is most frequently used in the following paragraph?

Using imperatives

Use imperative sentences to give instructions, directions, or to tell steps in a process. The verb in an imperative addresses the reader

or listener directly. The imperative uses the base form of the verb. An imperative sentence does not require a subject,

but the subject you is always implied. Remove any item that is not necessary. Start with large items such as books or shoes.

Using modals: must, should, can…

As mentioned earlier, a process paragraph is a type of paragraph that consists of connected steps. Therefore, the steps in the process must be logical and are usually explained chronologically. That is, you should write the steps in the order they are performed which makes the sequence of actions and events clear. Transition expressions and time words can be used in order to make the sentences flow together. Thus, the readers will be able to read your paragraph more smoothly.

What types of modal verb are used in the following paragraph?

Modals of advice, necessity and prohibition

Advice You should write the steps in the order they are

performed which makes the sequence of actions and events clear.

Necessity The steps in the process must be logical and are

usually explained chronologically. You don’t have to pay a fee to enter the

museum. Prohibition

You must not/ should not drink alcohol.

Writing the steps in a process Topic: How to buy a used car Step 1

Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Decide the model you want to buy according to your budget.

Find the vehicle at the dealer.

Test-drive the vehicle.Negotiate your best price.

From outline to paragraph

Buying used cars rather than new ones can save you hundreds if not thousands of dollars on your next vehicle. There is no foolproof method for ensuring the used car you're buying doesn't have some serious defect; however, you can significantly reduce your risk by following these steps.

Step 1

The first step is to decide the model you want to buy according to your budget. What can you afford? Be painfully honest with yourself. How much of your monthly budget can be devoted to vehicle payments, insurance, maintenance and repairs?

Step 2

Second, find the vehicle at the dealer. If you have a model or two already in mind, start with them, but avoid being married to a specific model. Remain flexible and you stand a better chance of finding the best value in your price range.

Step 3

Third, test-drive the vehicle. Take advantage of the test-driving to make sure that the car you select has no big problems related to the engine, brakes, transmission, etc. If necessary, make an appointment with a mechanic and then with the seller for a second test-drive. Take the vehicle for an evaluation. Be sure to tell the mechanic about any problems you noticed during your test drive.

Step 4

The final step is to negotiate your best price. Never accept the asking price. But unless you are willing to just walk away, don't make a ridiculous counter offer. The seller won't take you seriously and negotiations may come to a screeching stop. Consider countering with an offer 10 percent to 15 percent less.

Conclusion

It is worthwhile to take your time and act according to these 4 steps when buying a used car, because you can avoid the prospect of spending a huge amount of money on a defective car.