Shelter Med 101

8/13/2019 Shelter Med 101

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NoKill Conference 2013Shelter Medicine for Non-Vets

Session IVaccination, Handling, Cleaning:

Cornerstones of Disease Prevention

Michael R. Moyer, V.M.D.NoKitten Consulting

Bridgewater Veterinary Hospital, Inc.

Pethealth, Inc. Consultant

[email protected]











Vaccination

When

Ideally, two weeks before admission to

shelter!

Practically, must be as close to immediately

on intake as possible



Vaccination

Which vaccines

Dogs:

Distemper combination (distemper,

hepatitis/adenovirus II, parainfluenza, parvovirus)

Topical respiratory combination (nasal or oral

bordetella, nasal bordetella, parainfluenza, bordetella,

parainfluenza, adenovirus II)

Rabies (very likely, though not for infectiousdisease control in the shelter)



Vaccination

Which vaccines

Cats:

Distemper combination (panleukopenia,

rhinotracheitis, calici)

Rabies (again, likely)



Vaccination

Which products?

Modified live distemper combination (dogs

and cats)

Modified live respiratory topical (dogs)

Killed rabies (or vectored for cats)

Single dose vials preferred

Properly stored and reconstituted

Proper route of administration



Vaccination

Questions?





Animal Handling

Humane, safe, effective restraint means as much restraint

as necessary, but no more!

Necessary for the task, for the safety of the pet, and safetyof staff/public.



Animal Handling

IT IS NEVER APPROPRIATE TO CORRECT

(PUNISH) FEAR, AGGRESSION, ANXIETY

IN A DOG OR CAT





Dog Handling

Dogs are visually stimulated, if restrained/tethered/caged,

can develop “barrier frustration” and become incited to

display dog-directed aggression



Dog Handling

Most dog bites in shelters are when dogs are agitated by

other dogs, passing in close proximity in hallways,

attempts at recapture, and during attempts to break up

dog fights.



Dog Handling

Truly vicious dogs are rare, but they do occur; mis-directed

bites, fear bites feel exactly the same, though, so use all

caution.





Dog Handling

Questions?



Cat Handling

Minimize aversive noise stimuli—barking dogs, screaming

cats, mechanical noises, vibrations, blasting your crappy

music while you clean their cages

Photo courtesy Brenda Griffen









Cat Handling

Handle cats once; don’t repeatedly pull them out to do

“one more thing”—they might give you a hall pass for thefirst effort, you will not escape unscathed on the repeat

attempt



Cat Handling

Do the least noxious things first, with escalation to the more

noxious things

Give them an escape path towards a cat carrier or their

transport carrier



Cat Handling

IT IS NEVER APPROPRIATE TO USE A CONTROL

POLE/RABIES POLE/CATCH POLE ON A CAT.

EVER.

SERIOUSLY.

USE OF SAME ON A CAT IS PROOF THAT SAID

PERSON IS GROSSLY INCOMPETENT TO HANDLE

LIVING ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY CATS.



Cat Handling

Cat bites are very serious human injuries and must be

considered infected no matter how trivial they might look.I have known more people to spend time in a hospital for

cat bites than any other acquired injury/illness.



Cleaning

Cleaning is the use of an agent (often a detergent) agent to

suspend/solubilize organic debris (think poo) to allow its

removal. Cleaning prepares the surface for disinfection.



Cleaning

You can only clean surfaces that are smooth,

impervious, and hard.



Cleaning

Surfaces that lend themselves to cleaning. The following

list is not complete, but should give you an idea. These

materials, in good condition, can be easily cleaned and

disinfected.a. Stainless steel

b. Melamine

c. Various laminates

d. Sealed/coated concrete

e. Various coated natural surfaces (stone)

f. Ceramic tile

g. Non-porous polymers



Cleaning

Surfaces that are nearly impossible to clean and disinfect:a. Carpeting

b. Degraded polymers—deeply textured/scratched

c. Porous polymers—foam floor pads

d. Pillowse. Thick textiles—comforters, insulated blankets

f. Un-coated wood

g. Drywall (sheetrock)













Disinfection

Bleach is not magic but appropriately and freshly diluted

bleach is effective; so are several other products which

are less noxious than bleach.



Disinfection

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is inactivated by

organic matter, exposure to light

It is fairly corrosive, degrades many textiles,

and is moderately noxious

It is cheap, effective, readily identified (I can tellwhen someone has added it to the mop

bucket), though vulnerable to incorrect

dilution



Disinfection

So how many ounces of bleach to make a 1:32

dilution?



Disinfection

Calcium hypochlorite

Wysiwash







Disinfection

Sodium peroxymonosulfate

Trifectant/Virkon-S

Slight detergent action

Must be mixed from dry powder--noxious dust

Leaves slight film on stainless surfaces







Cleaning in Residence for Cats

Also known as "spot cleaning"

Useful for single (or small group) housed cats

Not for litters of kittens!!



Cleaning in Residence for Cats

a. Less stress (for cat)

b. Less chance for spread of diseases

c. Can be faster (not always)

d. Perfectly safe to keep a cat in its own, non-disinfectedcage with removal of soil/spills, fresh litter/food/water.

T l f Di M t



Tools for Disease Management

Quarantine

Isolation

Intake Diversion

General Housing by Species/Age

Risk Assessment

Operating Procedures

Communication with Stakeholders

Convalescent Care

Outsourced vs. In-shelter






Quarantine

Foster/rescue households may function as

quarantine for certain diseases (with care to

protect any resident pets!)






Isolation

While separate space is the ideal, most reliable type of

space, functional isolation can be achieved with enforcedpeople/animal movement restrictions and temporary

physical barriers. Contagious respiratory diseases in

dogs have been managed using shower curtains as

dividers.




Intake Diversion

If your shelter is experiencing a highly contagious or severe

disease problem, intake diversion prevents spread tonew intakes, reducing the population at risk for getting

sick.

Diversion to another facility within or organization,

borrowed space, or via distribution of intake to alternateshelters.




General Housing

Minimum by age and by species

Dog

Puppies

CatsKittens (with queens)










Adoption Status

For quarantined

For isolated/symptomatic

For exposed but not sick

For convalescent




Convalescent Care

Outsourced

Foster/rescue

Outside vet practice

Volunteer network

In-shelter

Isolation (for contagious)



Questions?

Documents

Shelter Med 101