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22 aebmfw]Xw 3 HIvtSm-_¿ 2012
tXm-]v-Im-]n sIm- m-c-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn-eq-sS..(A-t∏m-kvtXme hgn-bn-eqsS Hcp Xo¿∞-bm-X)
tPm¿Pv Xpº-bn¬
C-kv-Xmw-_pƒ \-K-c-Øn¬ ÿn-Xn sN-
øp-∂ sIm- m-c-am-b tXm-]v-Im-]n-bm-bn-cp-∂p R-ß-fp-sS s\-Iv-Ãv sU-Ãn-t\-j≥.G-I-tZ-iw \m-\q-tdm-fw h¿-jw
(1465˛1856) Xp¿-°n-bn-se Hm-t´m-am≥kp¬-Øm-∑m-cp-sS ]-[m-\ hm-k-ÿ-e-am-bn-cp-∂p Cu ]u-U Kw- o-c-am-b sIm-
´m-cw. 1453¬ kp¬-Xm≥ sa-lv-a-Zv c-≠m-a≥ B-Wv C-Xn-s‚ \n¿-am-Ww Xp-S-ßn-b-sX-∂p ssK-Uv ssK-Uv Hm-°m≥ tIm-
v-ep ]-d-™p. Hm-t´m-am≥ -c-W-Im-e-Øv,H-cp cm-P-Io-b h-k-Xn F-∂-Xn-\v ]p-d-sa,kp¬-Øm-∑m¿ \-S-Øn-b s]m-Xp N-S-ßp-
I-fp-sS th-Zn Iq-Sn B-bn-cp-∂p Cu sIm-´m-cw. C-∂n-Xv C-kv-Xmw-_p-fn-se ]-[m-\-s∏- H-cp hn-t\m-Z k-©m-c tI-µ-am-
Wv. C-kv-Xmw-_p-fn¬ h-∂n-d-ßp-∂ k-©m-cn-I-fm-cpw X-s∂ tXm-]v-Im-]n Im-Wm-sX t]m-hn-√. Hm-s´m-a≥ N-cn-Xw ]Tn-
®n- p-≈-h¿-°-dn-bmw, S¿-°n-bn-se ]-Sp-Øp-b¿-Øn-bn- p-≈ sIm- m-c-s°-- p-I-fn-epw A-h-cp-sS km-am-Py-Øn-se-bpw G-
‰-hpw ]-[m-\-s∏- sIm- m-c k-ap-®-b-am-Wn-sX-∂v. A-Xn-s‚ ]-Sn-hm-Xn¬-°¬\n-∂-t∏mƒ H-s´m-cp A- n-am-\w tXm-∂n.
F-X-tbm N-cn-X-Km-Y-Iƒ t]-dn \-S-°p-∂ A-¥-co-£-Øn-s‚ k-ap-®-b-Øn-s‚ap-∂n-em-Wv C-t∏mƒ \n¬-°p-∂-Xv. 1985
¬ bp-s\-kv-tIm tem-I ss]-Xr-I ÿ-e-ß-fp-sS ]- n-I-bn¬ tXm-]v-Im-]n sIm-´m-cw tN¿-Øn- p-s≠-∂p k-l-bm-Xn-I≥
Nm-t°m-®≥ ]-d-™p. A-t±-lw A-Xn-s‚ Nn-e Nn-X-ß-sf-Sp-°m≥ Bw-Knƒam-‰n ]-co-£n-®p hn-j-an-°p-∂-Xp I-≠-
t∏mƒ Nn-cn h-∂p.-Hm-°m≥ F≥-S≥-kv ^o H-s°
sIm-Sp-Øv t\-c-sØ X-s∂ Sn-°-‰v F-Sp-
Øp h-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tXm-]v-Im-]n-bn-se \o-≠ Iyq-hn-\v H-Sp-hn¬ t]m-bn\n¬-t°-≠n h-∂n-√. A-∂p Im-e-Øv
I-c-bv-°-Sp-Ø Iq-kv jn-∏n¬ \n-∂n-d-ßn-b k-©m-cn-I-sf sIm-≠v B `m-Kw ap-gp-h≥ \n-d-™n-cp-∂p. \m-ep Kq-∏p-I-fm-
Wv A-hn-sS A-t∏mƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.\m-ep Kq-∏p-Iƒ F-∂p ]-tXy-Iw F-Sp-
Øp ]-d-bm≥ Im-c-Ww A-h-sc sF-U‚n-ss^ sN-øm≥ F-fp-∏-am¿-§w D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. H-cp Kq-∏n-ep-≈-h¿-
s°-√mw \o-e sXm-∏n-, c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv a-™ sXm-∏n-bpw, aq-∂m-a-sØ Kq-∏n-\vsXm-∏n C-√. ]-I-cw A-h-cp-sS ap-∂n¬
B‚n-\ t]m-se s]m-°n ]n-Sn-® H-cpsIm-Sn-bp-am-bn Sq¿ ssK-Uv. \m-em-a-sØKq-∏n-se F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw I-gp-Øn¬
sI- n-s]m-°n-b sF-Un Im¿-Up-Iƒ. C-ß-s\ Kq-∏v Xn-cn-°m≥ tXm-∂n-b-h-s‚sF-Un-b Hm¿-Ø-t∏mƒ A-h-s\ \-an-
°m≥ tXm-∂n. B-fp am-dn t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ F-s¥-√mw sF-Un-b-I-fm-Wv Hm-tcm Sq¿ Hm-∏-td-‰¿-am-cpw ]-b-‰p-∂-Xv. C-
°m-cy-Øn¬ ]n.-Sn Nm-t°m-bp-sS sI-
b¿-th-kv Sm-h¬-kv ]p-e¿-Øp-∂ Hu-
∂-Xyw C-h-scm-s°-bpw I-≠p ]Tn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂p tXm-∂n. ku-Øv G-jy≥hw-i-P-cm-bn-cp-∂p A-h-cn¬ Iq-Sp-X-epw.
ssN-\-°m-cm-tWm, Pm-∏-\o-kp-Im-cm-tWm A-tXm sIm-dn-b≥-km-tWm F-∂phy-‡-am-bn a-\- n-em-°m≥ ]-‰p-∂n-√.
ap-J-tØ-°v t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ F-√m-h-cpwG-Xm-≠v H-cp t]m-se. C-h-sc-sb-√mw]-c-kv-]-cw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂ am-Pn-°v F-¥m-
sW-∂p A-º-c-∂p t]m-bn. sIm-dn-b-°m-cm-Wv Iq-Sp-X-ep-sa-∂p tIm-Sv-ep ]-d-™p.an-°-h-cpw G-Xm-≠v A-º-Xn-\pw A-dp-]-
Xn-\pw C-S-bv-°v ]m-b-ap-≈-h¿. Ip- n-I-sf-bpw H-∏w Ip- n-b-h-cp-≠v. A-h-cp-sS I-e-]n-e i-–-߃-°n-sS R-߃ tXm-]v-
Im-]n ]m-e-kn-s‚ tIm- -sIm-Ø-f-ß-fn-te-°v Im-se-Sp-Øp h-®p. tXm-]v-Im-]n\n-d-™p \n¬-°p-∂ S¿-°o-jv F-gp-Øp-
Im-c≥ Hm¿-l≥-]m-ap-°n-s‚ "ssa s\-bnw Cu-kv sd-Uv' F-∂ t\m-h-en-s‚X- -I-Øn-\v sXm- p ap-∂n-em-Wn-t∏mƒ.-
sIm- m-c-Øn-s‚ ]-[m-\ I-hm-S-Øn-te-°v \-S-°p-tºmƒ c-≠p h-i-ß-fn-epwcm-P-Io-b ]u-Vn-tbm-sS X-e-bp-b¿-Øn
\n¬-°p-∂ sI- n-S-߃ R-ß-sf kzm-K-Xw sN-bv-Xp. F-s¥m-cp h-en-∏-am-W-Xn-\v. C-kv-Xmw-_p-fn-se B-Im-i-Øn-\p ap-
I-fn-ep-sS I-S-en-S-\m-gn-bn-te-°v Ip-X-n-°p-∂ Im-‰n-s\ ]n-Sn-®p \n¿-Øp-∂ sIm-Ø-f-߃. h-e-Xp-h-i-Øv ]-≠p Im-e-Øv
sIm- m-c-\n-hm-kn-I-fm-b A-øm-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw t]¿-°v h-®p hn-f-ºm-\p-≈ A-Sp-°-f s\-Sp-\o-sf \o-≠p \n-h¿-∂p In-
S-°p-∂p. Ip-td-°q-Sn F-Øn-t\m-°n-bm¬h-e-Xp Zq-sc-b-bm-bn t_m-kv- -d-kv \-Zn Im-Wmw. ]-[m-\-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS A-I-
Øp I-b-dn C-S-tØ-°v t]m-bm¬ B-
Zyw Im-Wp-∂-Xv H-cp a-fi-]-am-Wv. N-I-
h¿-Øn-bp-sS a-°-sf ]-hn-iy K-h¿-W¿-am¿-°v I-eym-Ww I-gn-∏n-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂ H-cp k-º-Zm-b-am-Wv D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-
∂p Hm-°m≥ ]-d-™p. I-eym-Ww tam-ln-®v F-Øp-∂ K-h¿-W-am¿-°v N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS \n-c-h-[n m-cy-am-cn-se a-°-sf
(A-Xv A-t\-I-ap-≠v) Im-Wn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂ ÿ-e-am-bn-cp-∂p Cu a-fi-]w.-
h-e-tØ-°v Xn-cn-™p \-S-∂m¬ B-
Zyw Im-Wp-∂-Xv A-Ω-®n-πm-hv t]m-e-sØH-cp h≥-hr-£-am-Wv. am-cm-a¨ I -h≥-j-\v Bƒ-°m¿ F-Øp-∂-Xp t]m-se
tXm-∂n-°p-∂p, F-∂m-Wv Nm-t°m-®≥ \-S-s∂-Øp-∂ P-\-ß-sf t\m-°n ]-d-™-Xv.-
C-hn-sS A-aq-ey-ß-fm-b ]-e h-kv-Xp-°-fpw ti-J-cn-®p h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp I-≠p. ]-e-Xpw A-¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp X-
s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tam-i-bp-sS h-Sn, A-_-lm-an-s‚ X-e-∏m-hv (H-am-\n-se kp¬-Øm≥ Ip-_q-kv [-cn-°p-∂-Xp am-Xn-cn),
kv-\m-]-I tbm-l-∂m-s‚ ssI-∏-Øn-bp-sS Xn-cp-ti-jn-∏v, 88 Im-c-‰n-s‚ h-Pw Xp-S-ßn A-aq-ey-ß-fn¬ A-aq-ey-am-b-Xm-bn-
cp-∂p ]-e-Xpw. A-Xn-s\m-s°-bpw h≥kp-c-£-bm-Wv H-cp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]-Sn-Iƒ I-b-dn-bn-d-ßn h-cp-tºmƒ ap-∂n-em-
bn I-a-\o-b-am-b Nn-X-∏-Wn-I-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn-b n-Øn-bpw ap-Iƒ- m-Kw ss_-km‚n-b≥ kv-ss‰-en¬ ssS-ep-Iƒ ]-Xn-®-Xp-
am-b h-en-sbm-cp lmƒ. A-hn-sS H-cpssk-Un-em-bn s]m-°n-sI- n-b ]m-c-∏-‰v t]m-se-bp-≈ ÿ-e-hpw sh-≈w H-en-
®p t]m-Im-hp-∂ h-en-b Hm-hpw. `n-Øn-bn¬ kp-jn-c-ß-fn-eq-sS sh- -hpw sh-fn-®-hpw hm-bp-hpw I-b-dn-bn-d-ßp-∂p. C-
hn-sS-bm-W-tX A-hn-sS-bp-≈ F-√m ]p-
cp-j-]-P-I-fp-sS-bpw kp-∂-Øv \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sXm- p ]n-d-In¬ sN-¶p-Øm-b
Im-Spw. t\m-s°-Øm Zq-c-sØ-√mw a-t\m-l-c-am-b Im- p ]-tZ-iw, Zq-sc a-e-\n-c-Iƒ.kp-∂-Øv ]-In-b \-S-°p-tºmƒ B¿-
Ø-e-bv-°p-∂ Zo-\-kz-c-߃ ]p-d-tØ-°vtIƒ-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-Wv Cu H-gn-™tIm-Wn¬ C-tX¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-
sX-∂v H-°m≥ ]-d-™p. A-hn-sS \n-∂-t∏mƒ a-e-a-S-°p-I-fn¬ \n-∂p N-cn-X-Øn-se Nn-e Zo-\-kz-c-߃ ]-Xn-[z-\n-°p-
∂-Xp t]m-se tXm-∂n.ss_-k-ss‚≥ km-am-Py-Im-e-
sØ ]-e N-cn-Xm-h-in-„-ß-fpw X-e-sb-
Sp-t∏m-sS C-∂pw C-kv-Xmw-_p-fn¬ D-b¿-∂p \n¬-°p-∂p. A-sXm-s°-bpw A-X¿-ln-°p-∂ Ku-c-h-tØm-sS Im-W-W-
sa-¶n¬ B-gv-N-Iƒ th-W-sa-∂p tIm-Sv-ep ]-d-™p. R-߃-°m-sW-¶n¬ A-ß-s\ \-S-°m≥ Xo-sc k-a-b-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂n-√. H-cp Hm- -]-Z-£n-W-Øn¬ tXm-]v-Im-]n I-≠p Xo¿-Øp F-∂p th-W-sa-¶n¬ ]-d-bmw. a¿-am-d I-S¬, t_m-kv- -
d-kv I-S-en-Sp-°v, Um¿-U-s\¬-kv I-S-en-Sp-°v F-∂n-h-bv-°n-S-bn¬ \n¬-°p-∂ C-kv-Xm-_p-fn-se X-e-sb-Sp-∏p-≈ cm-P-sIm-
´m-cw I-≠p Xo¿-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. C-\n600¬-∏-cw h¿-jw H-t´m-a≥ km-am-Py-Øn-s‚ tI-µ-am-bn-cp-∂p S¿-°n-bn-se ]-
[m-\-s∏- \o-e a-kv-Pn-Zn-te-°v. a-[y-bq-tdm-∏v ap-X¬ A-td-_y≥ D-]-Zzo-]p-h-schym-]n-®n-cp-∂ H-t´m-a≥ km-am-Py-Øn¬
G-‰-hpw an-I-® hm-kv-Xp-I-e-bp-sS D-Zm-Ø-am-b in¬-∏-Nm-Xp-cyw Cu \o-e-a-kv-Pn-Zn¬ ]-I-S-am-sW-∂p tIm-Sv-ep ]-d-™p.
C-\n bm-X A-hn-tS-°m-Wv. tXm-]v-Im-]n-bp-sS D-≈-d-I-fn-eq-sS G-sd t\-sc \-S-∂n- pw Xo-sc £o-Ww tXm-∂n-bn-√. Nm-
t°m-®-\pw \-√ D-’m-l-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.B-Zy-am-bn Im-Wp-∂ Im-gv-N-Iƒ D-’m-l-tØm-sS I-≠p Xo¿-°p-∂ H-cp bm-
Xn-I-s\ t]m-se A-t±-lw ]p-Xn-b Im-gv-N-I-fn-te-°p Ip-Xn-®p I-b-dp-∂p. A-sX,C-\n \o-e a-kv-Pn-Zn-te-°m-Wv. R-߃-
s°m-∏w, C-kv-Xmw-_p-fpw k-©-cn-°p-∂-Xp t]m-se.-. h-c-≠ H-cp Im-‰v R-ß-sf
Nq-gv-∂p \n-∂p.-
bmX-bpsS hnh-c-߃°v:Carewaystravels (201) 483-7151
Email: [email protected](Xp-S-cpw)
A-h-cp-sS I-e-]n-e i-–-߃-°n-sS R-߃ tXm-]v-Im-]n ]m-e-kn-s‚ tIm- -sIm-Ø-f-ß-fn-te-°v Im-se-Sp-Øp h-®p. tXm-]v-Im-]n \n-
d-™p \n¬-°p-∂ S¿-°o-jvF-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ Hm¿-l≥-]m-ap-°n-s‚ "ssa s\-bnw
Cu-kv sd-Uv ' F-∂ t\m-h-en-s‚ X- -I-Øn-\vsXm- p ap-∂n-em-Wn-t∏mƒ.-
sIm- m-c-Øn-s‚ ]-[m-\ I-hm-S-Øn-te-°v \-S-°p-tºmƒc-≠p h-i-ß-fn-epw cm-P-Io-b ]u-Vn-tbm-sS X-e-bp-b¿-Øn
\n¬-°p-∂ sI- n-S-߃ R-ß-sf kzm-K-Xw sN-bv-Xp.
AΩ®n ]vfmhv t]mesØ h≥ hr£-Øn\v ap∂n¬ sIb¿shbvkv Smh¬kvDSa Nmt°m-®≥
sIm´mc `nØn-bn¬ ]Xn-®n-cn-°p∂ ss_-km‚n-b≥ ssS-ep-Iƒ
tXm-]v-Im-]n- sIm´mcw
88 Imc-‰ns‚ hPwFa-dmƒUns‚ hmƒ