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Sistem Imun Alamiah dan DIdapat

Terdiri dari :

sistem imun alamiah/ innate immune system

- non-spesifk

- sudah ada saat lahir

- perlindungan non-spesifk terhadap mikroba

2) sistem imun didapat/ adaptive immune system

- spesifk

- memberikan perlindungan spesifk terhadap mikroba

! Sistem imun alamiah

Imunitas alami yang merupakan kekebalan non spesifk sudah ditemukan se"aklahir!

Imunitas alami akan memberi respon nonspesifk thdp penyerang asing tanpamemperhatikan komposisi penyerang tsb! Dasar pertahanan alaminya berupakemampuan untuk membedakan antara sahabat dan musuh atau antara #dirisendiri$ dan #bukan diri sendiri$!

Sistem imun alamiah memiliki % komponen yaitu:

!&roteksi melalui barrier fsik' mekanik' biokimia

(isik' mekanik:

• ulit

• Selaput lender

• Silia

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• *atuk

• *ersin

*iokimia:

• +iso,im

• Sekresi sebasea

• Asam lambung

• +akto erin

• Asam neuraminik

2! &roteksi melalui barrier humoral

• omplemen

• A&&

• .ediator asal lipid

• Sitokin

%! &roteksi melalui selular

• (agosit

− .ononuklear

− &olimor onuklear

• Sel

• Sel .ast

8/9/2019 Sistem Imun Alamiah Dan DIdapat

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• *asofl

• 0osinofl

• SD

2! Sistem imun didapat

Imunitas didapat atau spesifk terbentuk sesudah lahir!

Imunitas ini biasanya ter"adi setelah seseorang ter"angkit penyakit ataumendapatkan imunisasi yang menghasilkan respon imun yang bersi atprotekti !*eberapa minggu atau bulan sesudah seseorang ter"angkit penyakit

atau mendapat imunisasi akan timbul respon yang 1ukup kuat untuk men1egahter"adinya penyakit atau "angkitan ulang!

Ada dua tipe imunitas

a.Imunitas didapat aktif

&ertahanan imunologi akan dibentuk oleh tubuh orang yang dilindungi oleh

imunitas tsb!

Imunitas ini umumnya berlangsung bertahun-tahun atau bahkan seumur hidup!

b. Imunitas didapat pasif

Imunitast temporer yang ditransmisikan dari sumber lain yang sudah memilikikekebalan setelah menderita sakit atau men"alani imunisasi!

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immune systemConsists of:1. natural immune system/innate immune system-non-specific-already exists at birth-non-specific protection against microbes2. acquired immune system)/adaptive immune system-specific-provide specific protection against microbes

1. the natural immune systematural immunity is a non-specific immunity have been found since birth.atural immunity !ould give non response against antigens regardless of the composition of the attac"er. #asic

natural defense in the form of the ability to distinguish bet!een $self$ and $non-self$.

atural immune system has three components% namely:1. &rotection through the barrier of physical% mechanical% biochemical

&hysical% mechanical:' ("in' enders *embranes' Cilia' Cough' (nee+ing

#iochemistry:' yso+yme' (ebaceous (ecretion' ,astric acid' actoferrin' euramini" cid

2. &rotection through the barrier of humoral' Complement' &&' rigin of lipid *ediators' Cyto"ine

. &rotection via mobile' &hagocytes− *ononu"lear − &olimorfonu"lear ' 0 Cells' *ast Cell' #asophils' osinophils' (

2. acquired immune system cquired immunity or specific formed after the birth.3his immunity is usually occurs after a person contracted the disease or get immuni+ations that produce a protectiveimmune response. fe! !ee"s or months after someone contracted the disease or !ill develop immuni+ation ,etsthe response is strong enough to prevent the occurrence of disease or infections.

3here are t!o types of immunitya. active acquired 4mmunity

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4mmunological defence !ill be formed by the body of the person !ho is protected by the immunity they !ill be.3his immunity generally lasts for many years or even a lifetime.b. 4mmunity acquired passive3emporary 4munitast transmitted from other sources that already have immunity after suffering pain or undergoimmuni+ation.