Social Issues in Brazil

Team EmbraerNatalie Fowler

Venda Yuniarti

Surapan Laosettanun

Rikiya Toyofuku

Deepa Jakkamsetti

• Poverty• Health• Education• Unemployment• Violence/Crime

Poverty

Favela da Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro

• Top 10% earn 50% of the national income• 8% living below the poverty line• Favelas – slums in city areas where poor people live– Grew in 1970’s when people moved from rural areas to the cities– Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition, pollution,

disease, drug use, gangs – drug trafficking

Income Disparity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient

2009: GI 53.9

Government Creates Positive Changes

• Since 2003, more than 20 million Brazilians have been brought out of poverty

• Currently, approx. 16 million people live in extreme poverty

• Government Programs:– Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) plan started in

2003: goal to eliminate hunger and extreme poverty

– Bolsa Família (Family Allowance) program in 2003: Gives monthly stipend ($12 per child) to families as long as children attend school and receive vaccinations. 12 million families participate

– Brasil sem Miséria (Brazil without Misery) in 2011: expand Bolsa Familia program

http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/j0083e/j0083e05.htm

Brasil sem Miséria (Brazil without Misery)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU40xWflC7c

Health

Health – Current Situation• Healthcare system reform in 1989 provides free services to

all Brazilian citizens• Several reforms have occurred later to improve health of

Brazilians

Health - Challenges• Brazil Health Care System ‘s inefficient

– insufficient budget (Huge population)– poor budget spending management

• Public health care can support only 50% of population

• 25% of population use private-health insurance

• Poor people in rural area (about 25% of population) who cannot afford private health insurance have to bear with over-crowded hospital

Health – Quick Facts• Health expenditures: 9 % of GDP (rank 44th/196

countries)– Government spending 3% of GDP

• Physicians density: 17.2 physicians/10,000 population (rank 75th /196 countries)

• Hospital bed density: 24 beds/10,000 population (rank 91st /196 countries)– over 6,800 hospitals, » 41 % public» 34 % private» 25 % Non-profit organization owned

Education

Education

• Many children don’t attend school because their parent can’t afford the education cost or they have to work to support their families.

• Education level is considered low compared with developed countries

Efforts to improve Education

• Efforts to improve education systems: • 2001: Bolsa Escola provided income subsidies to those parents who sent their

children to school and got them essential medical checkups (Limited to 7-14 years children);

• 2004: Bolsa Família added stipends for children aged between 15 and 17, which encouraged higher enrolment and attendance in high schools, where attendance is lowest;

• 2006: all teachers should have a university qualification and made both pre-service and in-service teacher training free

• Free education for every child from 7 to 15 years of age, establishing 8 years of mandatory education

• Government fixed the minimum to be spent on education as 25% of state and municipal revenues and 18% at the federal level

Source: http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/oecd/downloads/Brazil_strong_performers_US.pdf

Showing Improvement

Based on data published by Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)

Unemployment

UnemploymentUnemployment rate (%)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Brazil“Seasonal

effect”(IBGE)

Unemployment in Sao Paolo metropolitan area reached

20 %

Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.htmlBrazileconomy http://brazileconomy.over-blog.es/pages/unemployment-rate-4776306.htmlMercopress http://en.mercopress.com/2010/10/22/brazil-set-to-grow-7.5-this-year-and-5.9-in-2011-inflation-5.1-and-5

Lowest since 2002 !

6%

13%

UnemploymentUnemployment rate (%)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Brazil

Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.html

Why decline?Service sector growth

(which 65% of Brazilian work for)

Unemployment rate (%) : other countries

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

BrazilUnited StatesJapanIndiaIndonesiaThailand

Unemployment

Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)

Crime

Law enforcement institutions

Simpsons no Brasil

Countries by Homicide rates

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homicide_rate

US – 4.8; Brazil – 25

Brazil – World Rank 12th

Top 20

Brazil - Homicide rate trend

Source: http://www.sangari.com/mapadaviolencia/pdf2012/mapa2012_web.pdf

Efforts to Combat CrimeNPSF – National Public Security Force

BOPE - Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, or Special Police Operations Battalion

Robocop facial profiling!

Thank you!

Any Questions?

Appendix

Health – Current Situation

Health – Travel Concerns

• Food- and water-borne diseases: – Hepatitis A, Diarrhea, and Typhoid fever – Unsanitary food handling procedures and

contaminated water.

• Insect-borne diseases:– Dengue fever and Leishmaniasis – Insect protection measures are essential