SOLAR IS HERE AND HERE AFTER

Presented by

Shaik.Amanulla

CONTENTS Introduction

What is Solar Energy?

Why it is preferable than other RES?

Central and State polices in India

Different types of Solar Technologies

Grid Tie(On-Grid) Solar PV System

Stand Alone(Off-Grid) Solar PV System

Solar Hybrid System

Major Hot Water demand segments and Solar Water Heaters

Role of Solar Energy in Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency

Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Conclusion

Introduction

The most important issue of all is probably why solar energy is important to you, personally.

The energy from the sun is virtually an inexhaustible source of energy, which offers an eco-friendly viable alternative power source to be the fossil fuel-fed world.

Though the non-renewable fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which have been sustaining the world industrial-urban-infrastructure of the contemporary civilization so far, it has also been causing immense pollution of the earth atmosphere by emission of CO² and green house gases.

Secondly the stock of the fossile fuel is dwindling as these are non-renewable unlike the solar energy which is inexhaustible.

Solar energy is an important part of life and has been since the beginning of time. Increasingly, man is learning how to harness this important resource and use it to replace traditional energy sources.

What Is Solar Energy?

Before you can understand why solar energy is important you should

have a good idea of what solar energy is. Solar energy is produced by the sun. It can be harnessed like any other type of energy and used to create electricity to run homes and businesses. Buildings can also be heated by the thermal energy produced by the sun. Best of all, solar energy is free and does not compromise the environment.

If you have ever gotten in a warm car on a sunny winter day, you have experienced the thermal energy of the sun. The sun's rays move through the glass of the car and warm the interior.

In order to harness the energy from the sun and turn it into electricity, it is necessary to have solar cells to collect and transform solar energy into useable electricity. These cells are typically in the form of panels that face the direction of the sun to capture the most rays possible.

Why Solar is Preferable than other RES?

Of all Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), Solar energy is the most abundant and generously distributed over all regions of the earth.

Solar PV cells and Modules cost is drastically decreases with increased installations from last one decade.

India is having 300 sunny days available over a year along with USA, which is gift for India to generate solar power in bulk amount.

Solar Energy is suitable for Decentralized power generation, which is suitable for remote areas.

Solar Energy is suitable for quick power generation rather than conventional energy sources.

It is pollution free and reduce the emission of GHGs of 6kgs/unit generation of solar power.

Solar Radiation potential in India

Central and State Solar Initiatives in India

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched on the 11th January, 2010 by the Prime

Minister. The Mission has set the ambitious target of deploying 1,00,000 MW of grid connected solar power by 2022 is aimed at reducing the cost of solar power generation in the country through

(i) long term policy;

(ii) large scale deployment goals;

(iii) aggressive R&D; and

(iv) domestic production of critical raw materials, components and products, as a result to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022. Mission will create an enabling policy framework to achieve this objective and make India a global leader in solar energy.

The Government of Karnataka has announced a programme for installation of Grid connected Solar Rooftop PV System on the Rooftop of the Residential/ Commercial/ Educational/ Industrial organisations.

On 10.10.2013, Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission has fixed a tariff of Rs.9.56 per unit (without subsidy) & Rs.7.20/unit (with subsidy) to the Rooftop and Small Solar P.V. plants for the energy generated exceeding the energy consumed during a billing period.

The Government of Karnataka has announced the Solar policy 2014-21 on 22.5.2014, for Solar P.V. and Solar thermal Power plants including grid connected solar rooftop P.V. systems (under net-metering basis).It is proposed to achieve a minimum of 400 MWs of grid connected Roof Top Solar P.V. Generation projects in the Karnataka State by 2018.

On 22nd march 2016, Government of Karnataka announced that they will only give permission according to their present sanctioned for Solar Rooftop under the Net Metering scheme.

Different Types of Solar Technologies

There are three primary technologies by which solar energy is

commonly harnessed. They are:

A. Photovoltaics

B. Concentrating Solar Power

C. Heating & Cooling Systems

Photovoltaics: It is directly converts solar light into electricity.

Concentrating Solar Power: The technology, which uses heat from

the sun (Thermal Energy) to drive Utility-Scale, Electric Turbines.

Heating & Cooling System: In this, we collect thermal energy to

provide hot water and air conditioning.

Photovoltaics is further divided into three types. They are:

I. On-Grid Solar PV System: In this type of Solar Power generation, there is

connection between utility (Grid) and consumer load with out Battery

backup.

II. Off-Grid Solar PV System: In this type of SPG, there is no connection between

Utility and consumer load with Battery backup. So, it is called as stand-alone

system.

III. Hybrid Solar PV System: In this type of SPG, there is a connection between Utility and consumer load with Battery backup. The other energy resource

may be wind or Bio-mass.

CSP is not discussed, which is only suitable for Utility power generation.

Solar Heating(Thermal) Systems are further divided into two types. They are:

I. Flat Plate Collector (FPC)

II. Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC)

Grid Tie(On-Grid) Solar PV System

In On Grid ( Grid-Tie) system, battery backup will not be there. The excess power will sent to Grid after self consumption.

In On-Grid Solar PV System, there is a Grid connection to the consumer load.

The main parts of this system are Solar PV Modules, Inverter and Module structure depending upon the sheet type of the roof.

The surplus energy generated by the Solar can sent it to Grid under Net Metering Scheme.

Under this scheme, the tariff is Rs. 9.56 is given to the customer without subsidy and Rs. 7.20 with subsidy.

The PPA, single part tariff for a period of 25 years.

Battery backup is not provided in this system.

If the Grid failure is occurred, then we cannot sent the solar generated power to Grid.

So this is only useful for consumers, who are having the continuous power supply.

Return On Investment Analysis for On-Grid

Stand-Alone(Off-Grid) Solar PV System

In Off-Grid Solar PV System, there is no Grid connection to the consumer load.

The main parts of this system are Solar PV Modules, Inverter, Batteries and Module structure depending upon the sheet type of the roof.

Solar Module converts sun light into electricity and sent it to inverter or it will charge the Batteries.

Inverter converts DC from Solar Module to AC power, which is utilized in home.

The surplus energy generated by the Solar cannot be sent back to the Grid.

This system is called as Stand-Alone system, Because it is depending upon the Grid power and is generated by its own.

This type of Systems are suitable for remote areas, which are not having Grid power.

Solar Street lights and Solar home lighting systems are also come under this.

Solar Street Lighting and Home lighting

Comparison of Power Consumption

HYBRID SYSTEM

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The main parts of the Hybrid solar Rooftop system is given below as

a) Solar panel

b) Charge controller

c) Battery

d) Inverter/ UPS

e) Load

f) Grid

Solar panels, charge controller, Battery and Inverter capacities are decided by the load consumption of the

customer.

Solar panel converts the sunlight into Electricity (DC) and it is connected to the Battery bank through charge

controller.

Charge Controller controls the over charging and under charging of the Battery (DC).

The output of the Battery Bank is connected to the Inverter/UPS, which converts the DC input to AC output.

The output of the Inverter is connected to the Residential or Commercial Load, where AC power is utilized.

In Hybrid Solar System, we can sent the excess power to the Grid and also we will have Battery Back-up.

It is expensive than OFF-Grid and ON-Grid system. But we can have the battery back up as Off grid and we

can sent the excess power to the grid.

It is the combination of ON-Grid and OFF-Grid Solar Rooftop System.

Major Hot Water Segments

SWH: Flat Plate Collector

In Flat plate Solar Water Heater (SWH), Sunlight is converted into heat by copper fin and tube.

Cold water is pumped into the Flat plate collector, the converted heat boils the water and hot water is sent into the storage tank.

Cold water particles are heavy, so they will be at bottom the tank.

Hot water particles are weak, so they will be at the top of the storage tank.

Tank will be insulated with Nitrile sheet to stop the heat dissipation into the environment.

Old technology at higher prices.

Hot water availability for 300 days in a year claimed.

System life above 15 years.

Quick heat generation.

Collector efficiency on higher temperature is high.

System life above 15 years.

Satisfactory performance even in extreme cold condition (-18 deg. C).

Negligible scaling of tubes which can be cleaned manually (inner tube

dia. Is 37mm). Loss of efficiency consequently is minimal.

The collector glass tube absorbers being cylindrical the incident sun’s rays on the tubes is at 90 degrees throughout the day. Hence peak

heat absorption always.

Advanced technology at competitive prices that is System Cost per unit water is low.

Hot water availability for 350 days in a year.

Role of Solar Energy in Energy

Conservation and Energy Efficiency

Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less of an

energy service. Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use, which refers to using less energy for a constant service.

For example, driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy efficiency. Energy conservation and efficiency are both energy reduction techniques.

Solar Energy is playing vital role in Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency with Solar Rooftops, Solar Street Lights, Solar water heaters and Solar Home Lighting System.

The above mentioned solar energy types will reduce the energy consumption and pollution free technologies.

Solar modules are working for 25 long years, which is intersting point to invest in solar based technologies.

Solar PV Technologies are reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, which makes pollution free environment.

Solar water heaters are very efficient than Greasers with low investment and work up to 15 years long period.

Advantages of Solar Energy

The power source of the sun is absolutely free.

The production of solar energy produces no pollution.

The technological advancement in solar energy systems have made them extremely cost effective.

Maintenance free compare to conventional energy sources.

Solar Energy can be utilized with various ways like solar street lights,

stand-alone systems and home lighting system.

There is no sound pollution with solar power generation.

No need to use water for Solar PV power generation rather than

conventional energy power generation methods.

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Sun light is not available for 24 hours for Solar power generation.

Initial cost is more. But with government is giving subsidy only for

encouraging the people to install small solar plants.

Location of the site must be shadow free area,

Since not all the light from the sun is absorbed by the solar panels have a 40% efficiency rate which means 60% of the

sunlight gets wasted and is not harnessed.

Conclusion

As the conventional fossil fuels are depleted day by day, Solar Energy is playing a vital role for full filling next generation power needs.

We have to improve our existing technology and reduce the cost of solar energy, which is affordable to all.

Since it is not polluting the environment, we should increase the solar energy installations for sustainable power utilization.

Government of India is having the target of 100 GW by 2020, which is ambitious project of India. To achieve this, Government should announce the policies to install solar power installation in MW ranges.

Many of Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telengana, Tamilnadu and Karnataka are announced the policies, which are encouraging the Solar power plants in MWs to GW range.

Every can be benefited by Solar, If they understand how solar energy is useful for their various applications.

Finally “ SOLAR IS HERE AND HERE AFTER” , Which means now and in future also Solar is having good potential to full fill the needs of whole world population.

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