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Home Page > 2D Graphics > Advanced Topics in Java2D Advanced Topics in Java2D

Transforming Shapes,

Text, and Images

Clipping the Drawing

Region

Compositing Graphics

Controlling Rendering

Quality

Constructing Complex

Shapes from Geometry

Primitives

Supporting User 

Interaction

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Supporting User Interaction

To enable the user to interact with the graphics you display, you need to be able to determine when the user clicks on one of them. The hit method of 

the Graphics2D class provides a way to easily determine whether a mouse click occurred over a particular Shape object. Alternatively you can get

the location of the mouse click and call contains on the Shape to determine whether the click was within the bounds of the Shape.

If you are using primitive text, you can perform simple hit testing by getting the outline Shape that corresponds to the text and then calling hit or 

contains with that Shape. Supporting text editing requires much more sophisticated hit testing. If you want to allow the user to edit text, you should

generally use one of the Swing editable text components. If you are working with primitive text and are using the TextLayout class to manage the

shaping and positioning of the text, you can also use TextLayout to perform hit testing for text editing. For more information see the chapter Text and

Fonts in the Java 2D Programmer's Guide or see the HitTestSample example below, which uses a TextLayout to perform simple hit-testing.

Example: ShapeMover 

This applet allows the user to drag a Shape around within the applet window. The Shape is redrawn at every mouse location to provide feedback as the

user drags it.

Note:  If you don't see the applet running, you need to install at least the Java SE Development Kit (JDK) 7 release.

ShapeMover.java contains the complete code for this applet.

The contains method is called to determine whether the cursor is within the bounds of the rectangle when the mouse is pressed. If it is, the location

of the rectangle is updated.

public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){

  last_x = rect.x - e.getX();

  last_y = rect.y - e.getY();

  if(rect.contains(e.getX(),

  e.getY())) updateLocation(e);

  ...

public void updateLocation(MouseEvent e){

  rect.setLocation(last_x + e.getX(),

  last_y + e.getY());

  ...

  repaint();

You might notice that redrawing the Shape at every mouse location is slow, because the filled rectangle is rerendered every time it is moved. Using

double buffering can eliminate this problem. If you use Swing, the drawing will be double buffered automatically; you don't have to change the rendering

code at all. The code for a Swing version of this program is SwingShapeMover.java.

Example: HitTestSample

This application illustrates hit testing by drawing the default caret wherever the user clicks on the TextLayout, as shown in the following figure.

Note:  If you don't see the applet running, you need to install at least the Java SE Development Kit (JDK) 7 release.

HitTestSample.java contains the complete code for this applet.

The mouseClicked method uses TextLayout.hitTestChar to return a java.awt.font.TextHitInfo object that contains the mouse click

location (the insertion index) in the TextLayout object.

Information returned by the TextLayout getAscent, getDescent, and getAdvance methods is used to compute the location of the origin for the

TextLayout object so it is horizontally and vertically centered.

...

private Point2D computeLayoutOrigin() {

  Dimension size = getPreferredSize();

  Point2D.Float origin = new Point2D.Float();

 

origin.x = (float) (size.width -

  textLayout.getAdvance()) / 2;

origin.y =

(float) (size.height -

  textLayout.getDescent() +

  textLayout.getAscent())/2;

  return origin;

}

...

public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {

  super.paintComponent(g);

  setBackground(Color.white);

  Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) g;

Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin();

  graphics2D.translate(origin.getX(),

  origin.getY()); 

// Draw textLayout.

  textLayout.draw(graphics2D, 0, 0);

 

// Retrieve caret Shapes for insertionIndex.

  Shape[] carets =

  textLayout.getCaretShapes(insertionIndex);

 

// Draw the carets. carets[0] is the strong

  // caret and carets[1] is the weak caret.

graphics2D.setColor(STRONG_CARET_COLOR);

  graphics2D.draw(carets[0]);

if (carets[1] != null) {

  graphics2D.setColor(WEAK_CARET_COLOR);

  graphics2D.draw(carets[1]);

  }

}

...

private class HitTestMouseListener

  extends MouseAdapter {

 

/**

  * Compute the character position of the

  * mouse click.

  */

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {

 

Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin();

 // Compute the mouse click location

  // relative to textLayout's origin.

  float clickX =

  (float) (e.getX() - origin.getX());

  float clickY =

  (float) (e.getY() - origin.getY());

 

// Get the character position of the

  // mouse click.

  TextHitInfo currentHit =

  textLayout.hitTestChar(clickX, clickY);

  insertionIndex =

  currentHit.getInsertionIndex();

 

// Repaint the Component so the new

  // caret(s) will be displayed.

  hitPane.repaint();

  }

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