SPAIN

King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I

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FERDINAND II

F

erdinand was born in 1452, and died in 1516

K

ing of Aragon and Castile in joint rule with Isabella I

F

erdinand’s father, John II of Aragon ensured that Ferdinand

had a good education based on learning from experience

F

erdinand’s personality consisted of integrity, sagacity, courage

F

ormed the Holy League

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ISABELLA I

“

One king, one law, one faith.”

P

rincess of Castile

M

arried Ferdinand II in Valladolid in 1469

L

ed the last battle of the crusades to capture Granada

T

he crusading spirit linked religion to Spanish nationalism

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GOVERNMENT

F

erdinand became king of Sicily in 1468

P

olitical marriage between Ferdinand and

Isabella of Castile in 1469, Valladolid

E

nemy was France

S

igned treaties with English monarchs, Holy

Roman Emperor Maximilan I, and the

Hapsburg family powerful Europeans, to

bolster forces

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RELIGION

M

uslims on Iberian Peninsula for 700+ years

T

he crown pursued Muslim Spain in a 10 year war

D

estroyed the last Muslim stronghold 1492

C

hristianity was the official religion of Spain, and anyone else

would be exiled

1

478, Spanish inquisition, they enforced religious uniformity

and exiled or forced conversion of non-Catholics.

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ECONOMICS AND TRADE

A

fter Christianity became the official and enforced

religion of Spain, Muslims and Jews left

B

anishing Jews and Muslims, who were leaders in

trade hurt the economy

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TECHNOLOGY

E

xploration Pioneers

C

laimed the three biggest Canary

Islands forcing out natives

I

sabella sponsored Columbus’s voyages

V

isited Caribbean and various areas of

the Americas

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IMPORTANT EVENTS

1

469, Ferdinand and Isabella were married

1

482, set out to conquer Granada

1

492, Granada fell

1

492, first Columbus voyage

1

496, Pope Alexander the 6th gave him the title of The Catholic

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NOTABLE PEOPLE

C

hristopher Columbus – famous explorer

H

oly Roman Emperor Maximilan I

G

ermaine de Foix – Ferdinand’s 2nd wife

H

enry VIII – Married daughter Catherine of Aragon

C

harles V – Ferdinand’s heir

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Christopher Columbus

Charles V

COUNTRY BORDERS AND GEOGRAPHY

F

erdinand seized Navarre in 1516

M

odern borders

I

berian Peninsula by the Atlantic

Ocean

C

astile and Aragon made up the neck

and midsection of the peninsula

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DECLINE OF RULE

A

t age 50 his heir as well as eldest daughter died, and

the early signs of insanity appeared in one of his

other daughters.

I

n 1504, Isabella died, and Ferdinand remarried to

secure his Castilian position.

I

n 1513 Ferdinand’s health began to decline, however

he was still able to direct international policy. He

later died in 1516 on a trip to Granada.

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A few of Ferdinand’s children, from left to right: Joanna, Catherine, John

LEGACIES

T

he Spanish conquest of Granada allowed

support for Christopher Columbus’ voyages,

and Ferdinand was present during planning of

colonies

F

erdinand united Spanish kingdoms into a nation

which would act as a basis for modern Spain

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VOCAB

H

oly League – An alliance formed against the French after Ferdinand became suspicious of them

after a series of battles in Italy

S

panish Inquisition – Roman Catholicism became the official religion of Spain, and non-Catholics

were given the choice to convert or be exiled.

N

ationalism – A successful political system common through the 19th century, however dating back

earlier. It is based on what would overall benefit a nation, and also included ideas of patriotism

and loyalty.

R

econquista – Effort by the Christians to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasted through 1100’s to

1492.

M

oors – Muslims who invaded and settled in Spain during the 8th century, however were later

driven away in the late 15th century.

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SPANISH MONARCHYCOLLAPSE

The scandals revolving the

once renowned monarchy

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CURRENT EVENT

The Spanish monarchy is losing great power and support from public and media. Princess Cristina was charged with involvement with fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, and embezzlement. She is the first monarch to be charged with a serious crime in centuries. She has shamed the monarchy. She was working with her husband, Duke of Palma Iñaki Urdangarin who was charged with the same horrible crimes. There conduct has embarrassed the prestige that comes with calling yourself a Spanish princess and embarrassed the hard work founding the monarchy done by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.

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CURRENT EVENT

Spain has been left baffled about how to handle the princess's behavior. As the princess is being tried Spain's unemployment is rising and their economy is shrinking. The culmination of this has led to the worst political crisis in Spain since 1978. Spanish citizens are beginning to doubt the once loved royal family. Just last year the King of Spain was seen on a elephant hunting trip. The secret event was made public when the king broke his hip, he was forced to make a public apology. According to a poll by the Center for Sociological Research says: “41% of Spaniards no longer support the monarchy.”

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CURRENT EVENT

The Spanish monarchy is full of holes, it seems that it is going from scandal to scandal to scandal. The once revered family has become a disaster in a few short years, they have gone from heroes to villains. The system that has worked for Spain for centuries has been brought to shambles. Most recently, Princess Christina and her husband’s crimes have caused Spaniards to question the royal family but past incident and a crashing economy have left people want a solution. Julian Casanova, professor of contemporary history at the University of Zaragoza says, “With a dying system and the lack of an alternative, there will only be one crisis after another.”

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THEME

Peace and Security

Politics

The works of Isabella and Ferdinand being

disgraces

Could reshape the Spanish government

Corruption led to a vulnerable state

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CURRENT EVENT

C

orruption in Rome

G

reed and crime in the government

L

ead to Rome’s demise

A

ngered the Equestrian class

T

oday angers Spanish citizens

H

urt both economies

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WORKS CITED

w

ww.wga.hu/tours/spain/ferdina2.html

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ww.pbs.org/kcet/when-worlds-collide/people/queen-

isabella-and-king-ferdinand-i.html

w

ww.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/05/08/spanish-

monarchy/2145149

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