SPANISH 2

VOCABULARY LISTS

1. afeitarse—to shave

2. ducharse—to shower

3. lavarse los dientes—

to brush one’s teeth

4. maquillarse—to put on makeup

5. peinarse—to brush one’s hair

6. vestirse—to dress oneself

7. levantarse—to get up from bed

8. acostarse (o > ue)—to go to bed

9. asustarse—to get scared

10. preocuparse—to worry

11. llegar a tiempo—

to arrive on time

12. prestar atención—

to pay attention

LISTA DE VOCABULARIO 2.1 --ESCRÍBELA EN TUS APUNTES (NOTES). --HABRÁ UNA PRUEBA (QUIZ) EL VIERNES.

LISTA DE VOCABULARIO 2.2 --ESCRÍBELA EN TUS APUNTES (NOTES).

--HABRÁ UNA PRUEBA (QUIZ) EL __________.

1. tomar apuntes—to take notes

2. entregar la tarea—to turn in homework

3. repasar—to review

4. seguir las instrucciones—to follow

instructions

5. hacer preguntas—to ask questions

6. sacar buenas notas—to get good grades

7. la bandera—flag

8. la pizarra—chalkboard/whiteboard

9. la pantalla—screen

10. la tiza—chalk

11. el borrador—eraser

12. el lápiz—pencil

13. el bolígrafo—pen

NUMBERS:

STUDY THE NUMBERS FROM 0-99 AND HOW TO WRITE THEM IN SPANISH.

PRACTICE:

99______________________

56______________________

15______________________

16______________________

88______________________

30______________________

21______________________

72______________________

13______________________

NOUNS & ARTICLES

(EL,LA/LOS,LAS)

L

NOUNS (SUSTANTIVOS):

What is a noun?

Is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

In Spanish, every noun has a gender: masculine or

femenine.

Many Spanish nouns end in either –o or –a.

Almost all nouns that end in –o are masculine, and

almost all nouns that end in –a are femenine.

Examples:

casa libro

escuela niño

cama (bed) colegio

L

ARTICLES:

There are 2 types of articles:

Definite article the English word the: used to refer to a definite or specific person or thing.

the girl, the school, the book, the house.

Indefinite article the English word a: refers to any person or thing, not a specific one.

a girl, a school, a book, a house.

In Spanish, we also have definite and indefinite articles!

el & la definite articles The plural forms are: LOS/LAS

un & una indefinite articles The plural forms are: UNOS/UNAS

La casa El libro

Las escuelas Los niños

Las camas (beds) Los colegios

GENDER OF NOUNS:

Remember that all nouns are either MASCULINE OR FEMENINE!

Masculine Feminine

el chico—boy la chica—girl

el jardín—garden la universidad—university

el miedo—fear la libertad—liberty

Masculine Feminine

el gato—male cat la gata—female cat

el perro—male dog la perra—female dog

el chico—boy la chica—girl

el abuelo—grandfather la abuela—grandmother

REMEMBER ALSO THAT…

“El” and “la” both mean “the”.

GENDER OF NOUNS:

Nouns for people have natural gender.

Other nouns have gender based on their endings: Nouns that end in –o are usually __________: libro, chico, carro. Nouns that end in –a are usually ________: casa, chica, computadora.

There is no telling whether an inanimate object is masculine or feminine! For this reason, it is important to learn the definite article (“el” or “la”) whenever you learn a new noun. You can do this by finding the word’s gender in a dictionary.

Many nouns have gender that must be memorized.

__el_ corazón (heart), _la_ canción, _la_ nación, _el_ pulmón (lung).

_el_ ataud(coffin), _la_ salud,

__el_ agua, __el_ águila.

ADJECTIVES

¡LOS ADJETIVOS!

Adjectives are frequently descriptive. That is, most often adjectives are used to describe a noun, or distinguish the noun from a group of similar objects. For example, an adjective might describe the color of an object.

Ejemplo:

-The red pen

- The blue book

oIn Spanish, most adjectives

change form, depending upon

whether the word they modify

is masculine or feminine.

Notice the difference between

"the tall boy" and "the tall

girl."

Ejemplo:

-El muchacho alto.

-La muchacha alta.

oAdjectives also change

form depending upon

whether the word they

modify is singular or

plural. Notice the

difference between "the

tall boy" and "the tall

boys" ; "the tall girl" and

"the tall girls."

Ejemplo: el chico alto

los chicos altos

la chica alta

las chicas altas

oThe correct form of the

adjective depends upon the

noun it modifies. Is the noun

masculine or feminine?

Singular or plural?

Ejemplo: libro rojo

red book

pluma roja

red pen

libros rojos

red books

plumas rojas

red pens

1. Describe yourself:

Yo soy… (I am…)

1. _alto_______

2. _____________

3. _____________

4. _____________

1. Describe a family member mentioning 3 physical descriptions and 2 personality traits:

Mi papa es… (My dad is…)

Mi mama es… (My mom is…)

Mi hermano es… (My brother is…)

ACTIVITY : DESCRIBING YOURSELF AND

SOMEONE ELSE

VERBS: PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION:

Before learning how to conjugate, you need to learn the

Personal Pronouns in Spanish:

In Spanish there are 3 types of verbs:

Verbs that end in –ar

Verbs that end in –er

Verbs that end in –ir

I We

You You all

He They

She

It

Yo Nosotros

Tú Ustedes

Él Ellos

Ella

Eso

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION:

VERBOS –AR (PRESENT TENSE)

LESSON—EN APUNTES (IN NOTES…)

1.INFINITIVE: A verb—or action word—as it appears in a dictionary.

Ex. To speak To sing

In Spanish, they end in –R-, which means to do something.

Ex. Hablar cantar

2. ACTIONS IN THE PRESENT TENSE:

In English—Not a lot of change

I speak We speak

You speak You all speak

He/She/It speaks They speak

In Spanish—AR dropped and changed for each person

Yo hablo Nosotros hablamos

Tú hablas Ustedes hablan

Ellos hablan

Él/Ella habla

Conjugando verbos (-AR)

Yo hablo

Tú hablas

Él habla

Ella

Usted

Nosotros

hablamos

Ustedes

Ellos

Ellas

hablan

hablar Make a similar chart

for 7 of the verbs:

cantar—to sing

trabajar –to work

tomar –to take

comprar –to buy

mirar—to see, watch

contestar –to answer

estudiar –to study

L

Yo hablo

Tú hablas

Él habla

Ella

Nosotros

hablamos

Ustedes

Ellos

Ellas

hablan

Conjugando verbos (-ER)

Yo como

Tú comes

Él come

Ella

Nosotros

comemos

Ustedes

Ellos

Ellas

comen

comer Make a similar chart

for 3 of the verbs:

meter—to insert

creer–to believe

correr–to run

aprender –to learn

beber—to drink

depender –to depend

leer –to read

prender –to turn on

toser –to cough

*ver –to watch

IN NOTES.

Conjugando verbos (-IR)

Yo escribo

Tú escribes

Él escribe

Ella

Nosotros

escribimos

Ustedes

Ellos

Ellas

escriben

escribir Make a similar chart

for 2 of the verbs:

aburrir—to bore

abrir–to open

admitir–to admit

aplaudir –to clap

confundir—to confuse

decidir–to decide

discutir–to argue

interrumpir–to interrupt

ocurrir–to occur

recibir–to receive

vivir—to live

IN NOTES.

ACTIVITY: VERB CONJUGATION-PRESENT

INSTRUCTIONS: FORM THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS:

EXAMPLE: Tú ___ hablas _____ (hablar) por celular.

1. Yo __________(ayudar) a mi profesor.

2. Ustedes ______________ (correr) en un maraton de 5k.

3. Mariana ______________ (discutir) con su novio (boyfriend).

4. Carlos y yo ____________ (bailar) en la fiesta de “Homecoming”.

5. Tú _________ (amar) la lasagna y los tacos.

6. Mis papas ____________(comer) mucho (a lot) en los Buffets.

7. Cole y sus amigos ________________ (escribir) en la clase de literatura.

Irregular verbs:

1. *estar

2. *ser

soy somos

eres son

es son

estoy estamos

estás están

está están

IRREGULAR VERBS:

soy somos

eres son

es son

tengo tenemos

tienes tiene

tiene tienen

estoy estamos

estás están

está están

This form of

the verb is for

singular nouns

such as

animals and

objects.

This form of

the verb is for

plural nouns

such as

animals and

objects.

DESCRIPTIONS WITH VERB

TO BE (SER): Structure with verb TO BE:

Noun + verb SER + adjective

La casa + es + bonita. The house is pretty.

Las casas + son + bonitas. The houses are pretty.

The school is ugly. La escuela es fea.

The girl is. La chica es baja.

The guys are tall. Los chicos son altos.

The students are intelligent. Los estudiantes son inteligentes.

Example of sentences using verb SER to describe:

Anita es alta. Anita is tall.

Jorge es rubio. Jorge is blonde.

Carlos es inteligente. Carlos is intelligent.

Rosario es graciosa. Rosario is funny.

VERB “SER” TO DESCRIBE

PEOPLE, PLACES OR THINGS

BOOT VERBS AND

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION:

Before learning how to conjugate, you need to learn the

Personal Pronouns in Spanish:

I We

You You all

He They

She

It

Yo Nosotros

Tú Ustedes

Él Ellos

Ella

Eso

STEM-CHANGING & IRREGULAR

VERBS, YO IRREGULAR VERBS

VERB “HACER” VERB “PONER”

VERB “CONOCER”

Hago

Haces

Hace

Haemos

Hacen

Hacen

Pongo

Pones

Pone

Poemos

Ponen

Ponen

Conozco

Conoces

Conoce

Conocemos

Conocen

Conocen

These verbs are

irregular only in

the YO form which

is the first box in

the left side.

STEM-CHANGING & IRREGULAR

VERBS, YO IRREGULAR VERBS

Stem-changing (boot verbs) are conjugated with the same endings as regular

verbs depending on the last two letters –ar, -er, -ir but also a letter is substituted

by another one in all of the forms except in the WE (Nosotros) form.

Example: dormir (oue)

duermo dormimos

duermes duermen

duerme duermen

Conjugate the following verbs:

poder (oue):

pensar (eie):

querer (eie):

ser*:

hacer**:

tener**(eie):

( ) means is a boot verb

** means is an irregular

verb in the YO form.

* means is an irregular

verb

** ( ) means irregular in

the YO form and boot verb

(REVIEW OF PODER, PENSAR, SER, HACER, QUERER, TENER)

Fill in the blanks with the correct present tense

form of each verb in parenthesis based on the

person/subject found before or after the parenthesis.

EJEMPLO:

Yo (querer) quiero

1. Yo (poder) ___________ volar.

(I can fly.)

2. Tú (pensar) ___________ demasiado.

(You think too much.)

3. Ella (hacer) ___________ su tarea.

(She does her homework.)

4. Nosotros (ser) ___________ estudiantes.

(We are students.)

5. Ellos (querer) __________ tener un gato.

(They want to have a cat.)

6. Ustedes (tener) __________ mucho dinero.

(You all have a lot of money.)

7. Yo (pensar) __________ que él es inteligente.

(I think that he is intelligent.)

8. Tú (ser) __________ insoportable.

(You are unbearable.)

9. Él (querer) __________ un buen trabajo.

(He wants a good job.)

10. Nosotras (tener) __________ compasión.

(We have compassion.)

11. Ellas (poder) __________ cantar bien.

(They can sing well.)

12. Ustedes (ser) ___________ tacaños.

(You all are stingy.)

13. Yo (ser) ____________ muy guapo.

(I am very handsome.)

14. Tú (querer) ___________ dormir.

(You want to sleep.)

VERBS SER VS. ESTAR

VERBO “SER” – TO BE (SEE IT AS THE PERMANENT VERB)

SER to describe unchanging characteristics of a person, place, or thing. For example:

Origin and nationality: She is from Spain. She is Spanish.

Events: When an event takes place. The concert is in SLC

Date and time: Today is September 28th

Relationships: Rafael is my best friend.

The four P’s:

Personality: He is fun

Physical Attributes: Susana is short.

Profession: My father is a doctor.

Possession: The blue car is mine.

VERBO “ESTAR” – TO BE (SEE IT AS THE TEMPORARY VERB)

ESTAR We use it to tell the physical location of a

person, place or thing and temporary condition

(physical or emotional.)

The book is on (en) the desk. El libro está en el escritorio.

Medellin city is in Colombia. Medellín está en Colombia.

I am happy today! ¡Estoy feliz hoy!

The book is wet. El libro está mojado.

Present Conjugations

Yo estoy

Tú estás

Él/Ella está

Nosotros estamos

Ellos/ están

Ustedes

ESTAR (TO BE): CONDITION & LOCATION

1. Location of subject

Lima está en Perú. Lima is in Peru.

2. To describe a state or condition that will change (including

emotion)

Yo estoy triste. I am sad (but will feel better later).

Yo estoy herido. I am wounded (but will recooperate).

Discuss with a partner…

What do you think is the difference between the followng sentences?

Yo soy triste Yo estoy triste

Yo soy feliz Yo estoy feliz

SER VS. ESTAR:

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb.

VERB “IR” (TO GO)

SPANISH VERB “IR” (TO GO)

The Spanish verb “IR” is one of the mot commonly used verbs.

Used to express where you are going.

I am going to the beach. Voy a la playa.

Structure: conjugated verb IR + a + destination point

Used to express what you are going to do (future plans).

I am going to study. Voy a estudiar.

Structure: conjugated verb IR + a + Infinitive Verb

It is irregular in its conjugation:

voy

vas

va

vamos

van

van

SPANISH VERB “IR” (TO GO)

Just like in English, the verb to go is followed by “to”, in

Spanish the verb “ir” is followed by “a”.

If the noun that follows the “a” is masculine singular, as in “el

supermercado”, you must combine the two sounds of “a” and

“el” into a single sound: “al”.

a + el = al

For example:

Voy al mercado. I am going to the Supermarket.

COGNATES

PALABRAS COGNADAS (COGNATES): When you find words that are the

same in both languages they are

referred to English-Spanish

cognates.

Definition: Cognates are words

that exist in two different

languages and have the same

root or origin.

Since Spanish and English both

have Latin roots there are heaps of

words that are the same or very

close in both languages.

Ex

am

ple

:

There are 3 categories of Cognates:

1. Perfect Cognates:

auto = auto

actor = actor

agenda = agenda

admirable = admirable

animal = animal

artificial = artificial

2. Near Perfect Cognates:

abstracción = abstraction

acción = action

adaptación = adaptation

acusación = accusation

civilización = civilization

exposición = exposition

ficción = fiction

2. False Cognates (false friends):

el nudo (knot, joint) = sounds like “nude”

la advertencia (warning, advice) = sounds like “advertisement”

PALABRAS COGNADAS (COGNATES):

NAME OF ACTIVITY: COGNADAS

Write the word in English for the cognates below:

1. celebración = ____________ 10. diario = _________

2. condición = ______________ 11. glossario = ________

3. autorización = ___________ 12. primario = _______

4. exposición = _____________ 13. salario = _________

5. formación = _____________ 14. secretario = _______

6. nación = _________________ 15. vocabulario = _______

7. simplificación = ___________

8. adversario = ______________

9. arbitrario = _______________

COGNATES:

Find as many cognates in the reading as you can:

Simón Bolivar es un héroe famoso de Latinoamérica. Él es de una

familia noble y rica. Simón Bolivar vive en una región rural y no vive

en una ciudad.

En la época de Simón Bolivar, Venezuela es una colonia que es parte

de España. Venezuela no es un país independiente. La mayoría de

Latinoamérica es parte de España. Las ideas de Simón Bolivar son

muy liberales. Él piensa que Venezuela no debe (should)ser parte de

España. Él quiere (wants) que Venezuela sea un país independiente.

What is the reading about?

SPEAKING PORTION

I. SPEAKING PORTION:

1) You just met Elena Bayón, a high school student from Spain through the school’s

chat room. You need to introduce yourself:

- Say Hi - Tell her your name and where you are from - Tell her that you are a student in a high school - Describe yourself: mention 3 physical characteristics - Describe your personality: mention 3 personality traits. - Say good bye

Make sure you user verbs SER (to be) & TENER (to have)!

2) Then share with Elena Bayon at least 3 of your plans for this coming weekend using verb “IR” + a + verb in the infinitive.

GRADING SCALE (OUT OF 15) NOT APPROACHING STANDARD (0-5) [Not prepared.] APPROACHING STANDARD (6-9) [Uses infinitives.] MEETING STANDARD (10-15) [Uses present tense.] EXCEEDING STANDARD (Bonus: 1-3 points) [Goes beyond…] SCORE _____ / 15

CULTURE: COLOMBIA

FERNANDO

BOTERO Was born on April 19th of 1932.

One of the most famous painters in Colombia.

Figurative Artist that focuses on topics such as Historical Facts and Daily Life..

Su estilo (style) es único (unique).

Became famous at the age of 16 years old.

JUANES Singer, composer and colombian activist.

Sings pop and rock n’ roll in Spanish.

Was born in Medellín, Colombia in 1972.

His full name is Juan Esteban

Aristizábal Vásquez. “Juanes” is his nickname.

Has sold more than 15 million albums.

Has won Latin Grammys and Grammys.

Was born in 1977 in Barranquilla.

Singer, dancer, actress and philanthropist.

Speaks Spanish, English, Arabic, Portuguese,

and Italian.

Sings since 1992; became famous in the U.S. in

2001 with her song “Whenever, Wherever.”

Plays the guitar, harmonic and drums.

Has won Grammys, Latin

Grammys and has been nominated for

a Golden Globe.

Has sold more than 50 million albums world-wide.

She is consider the 2nd most successful Latin singer

after Cuban singer Gloria Estefan.

Shakira

GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ a. Novelista y escritor colombiano.

b. Nació en 1927 en Aracataca, Colombia.

c. Murió (died) en Abril del 2014.

d. Él fue (he was) el mayor (oldest) de 11 hermanos.

e. Considerado uno de los más importantes autores del siglo (century) veinte.

f. En 1982 ganó el Premio Nobel en literatura. También (also), y muchos otros (other) premios internacionales muy importantes.

g. Se casó con Mercedes Barcha y tuvo (had) 2 hijos.

h. Sus novelas más famosas: - Cien años de soledad [1967]

(One Hundred Years of Solitude)

- El amor en tiempos de colera [1985]

(Love in the time of Cholera)

- The Autumn of the Patriarch [1975]

MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA

Founded in 1616 by the Spanish Francisco

Herrera Campuzano.

2nd largest city in Colombia.

Has a population of 2.7 million people.

The popular Festival of Flowers is celebrated at

the end of July.

Panamá

Ecuador

Perú

COLOMBIA

BARRANQUILLA,

COLOMBIA

Founded in 1629.

Is located next to the Caribbean Sea.

Is a very touristic place with beautiful

beaches and five-star hotels.

Very famous for its Carnival which is

celebrated between the months of

February and March. Traditional

dances and parades take place during

the festivities.