Strict-

Loose-

Pres more power =

State or federal gov’t?

2. Political Party!

Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech

• Video

Washington’s Farwell Address

• 1796• Washington, A. Hamilton, J. Madison• Tired of public life• “I anticipate…the sweet enjoyment…of

good laws under a free government, the ever favorite object of my heart.”

WARPolitical differences

will weaken the nation/unity

1

3

2

Alexander Hamilton

• Economist/Lawyer• Secretary of Treasury• Federalist

2. 20 yr. charter

Loose interpretationU.S. Constitution

1

Political Parties

• 1796• More than one candidate ran for president• Elect people and shape politics• Divisions in political views developed during Washington’s presidency

Political differences existed in part based on where and how people

lived

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

Summarize what this cartoon is saying

USA Patriot Act-after 9/11

• Americans were feeling ____________ after 9/11

• New powers to Pres (________ branch)-Ex. Increased surveillance of ordinary citizens,

surveillance of library records, people jailed without charges, and spying on religious and political organizations without evidence of wrongdoing

• Violation of people’s civil liberties?

USA Patriot Act

First Amendment

Freedoms Protected by First Amendment

• Speech, press, religion

OPINION POLLQuestions:1. American citizens should have the right to criticize

their government in time of war.

2. Foreign residents of the United States should have the right to criticize the American government at any time.

3. The American government should have the right to expel or jail foreign residents who criticize it during war time.

Agree Disagree

Alien and Sedition Acts• 1798• Congress (Adams)• “Protect the United States” during the

undeclared naval war with France (“Quasi-War”)

• Does this violate our first amendment rights?

1.resident

power to

deport

if or

2.

2

Blah, blah, blah, blah,

blah

• If the Sedition Act of 1798 were still in effect, what actions and forms of speech would be prohibited?

• How would our society be different?

XYZ Affair• 1798• John Adams• Attempt to create improved relations between United

States and France• Protect U.S. shipping

Will you help protect our

shipping industry?

Sure, for $250,000 and a

loan of $12 million

X

Y

Z

Heck, NO!

Results:Standing And

eventually…

SUCCESS!

Thomas Jefferson

• 1801-1809• Democratic-Republican Party• Believed in the limited power of federal government (opposed

National Bank)• Strict interpretation of the Constitution (once he became

President he practiced a loose interpretation of the Constitution)• Dreamt of national unity

First Term:Enjoyed prosperity, lower taxes, reduced national debtEnded Presidency with bigger government, expanded military

Marbury v. Madison

12

3

45

Did he have the authority to buy foreign lands? Constitution doesn’t say, but he did = _________ interpretation

Supreme Court=#1 decisions by other branches

Louisiana Purchase

• Once Spanish territory, a secret treaty passes ownership to France• Territory includes New Orleans (mouth of Mississippi River – significant trade route)

west to the Rocky Mountains• October 20, 1803• $15 million• Thomas Jefferson (sends Robert Livingston and James Monroe)

2x

Montana ColoradoNorth Dakota KansasSouth Dakota OklahomaMinnesota MissouriWyoming ArkansasNebraska LouisianaIowa TexasNew Mexico

1.

4.

3.

2.

to Pacific Ocean

SHR-Elbow Room

Marbury v Madison

• William Marbury• James Madison (secretary of state)• Strengthened the role of the judicial branch• 1803

1.

2. judicial review: power of the Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

• Country A-Ryan, Abby, Tyler• Country B-Joe, Courtney, Rebecca

Producing & Postcards

• Country A- pencils, papers clips, and paper with printed and decorated rectangles

• Country B- papers with printed triangular postcards, single-hole punches, rulers, and yarn

• Both-markers, scissors, pencils, and sheets of plain paper

*Specialization- occurs when people concentrate their production on fewer kinds of goods and services than they consume

5 min timerGood quality!!!

What do you think would happen if…

• Quality of each product if produced another round? Why?

• # of products produced for another round?• Each country wanted both postcards?• Each trades 1 quarter of postcards, how many

of each type will Country A have? B?

Count # of products produced

5 min timer

Trade prohibited!

• What happened to worldwide productions? Why?• Quality of triangular in Country A vs rectangular

in B?• Why couldn’t countries produce second good so

it would be exactly like the one imported?• In first round, free trade. How did individuals in

both countries benefit?• How did restricting trade affect production of

goods in each country and worldwide output?

• What happened to the price of a good when trade was restricted? Why?

Protective tariff

• Alexander Hamilton• Meant to protect US goods• Promote domestic manufacturing and business (northeast)• * Higher tariffs (taxes) to raise prices of foreign goods in the United States

What group of people didn’t like this?

What did they do?

Foreign or domestic?

Embargo Act• embargo – banning of trade• 1807 – banned trade with all foreign countries• Passed to punish British and French;

to protect American merchant ships from attack• Thomas Jefferson

vs1. 2.

Results: What region of the United

States do you think was

impacted most by suspended

trade?Limit trade

Embargo or Tariff?

1. The US taxes all softwood coming into the US from Canada.

2. In 1963, President Kennedy issued sanctions, which prohibited trade with Cuba.

Tariff

Embargo

War of 1812

• James Madison• United States vs. Great Britain• 1812-1814 (1815)• Andrew Jackson war hero• Second War of Independence

1.

2.

Border disputes

3.

4.

NATIONALISm

5. NATIVE

AM

Monroe Doctrine

• Attempt to restrain the influence of European nations in newly independent Latin American countries

• Protects American interests• Policy warning European powers not to interfere with the Americas• James Monroe (John Q. Adams – Sec. of State)• December 2, 1823

INFLUENCE

US

1.

2.EUROPE

American System

• Ideas to make the United States economically independent from other nations (no need for foreign trade)

• Promote national unity• Henry Clay (J.Q. Adams/Jackson) – 1820’s

1. 2. 3.

Midterm Review till 8:40

PlayersFederalists

Antifederalists

George Mason

James MadisonPatrick Henry

Benjamin Franklin George Washington

Roger ShermanAlexander Hamilton

U.S. ConstitutionWhat concerns (from the A of C) did it address?

What are its strengths?

• Most power held by national government• Three branches of government• Legislative branch (make laws)• Executive branch (enforce laws)• Judicial branch (interpret laws)• System of checks and balances