STUDY COMMITTEE B5 Tutorial IEC 61850 Moving towards edition 2smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/elen679/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ECEN... · Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition

CIGRE Study Committee B5 – Colloquium 2011 Lausanne Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition 2 Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850

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CIGRE STUDY COMMITTEE B5 Colloquium SC B5 2011

Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards edition 2

Part 1 – Refreshing the basics of IEC 61850

K.P. Brand –ABB / Switzerland

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The need of a standard for SA

After general acceptance of proprietary Substation Automation Systems… … the market needed a global standard (common for IEC and ANSI world) allowing the mixing of IEDs from different suppliers at least as easy as with copper cables supporting all design & operation philosophies … supporting cost reduction by competition but also more intelligent functions for investments, operation and maintenance … being open and future-proof for safe-guarding of investments for improving technologies for future extensions both by bays and functions

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Semi-logical architecture

Station bus

Station gateway

Station computer

HMI

Control Protection Protection & Control

Control Protection

Process Interface Process Interface

Station level

Bay level

level Switchgear/Switchyard

Cu wires Process Interface

IEC 61850

Process bus

IEC 61850 Process

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Some of the many proprietary protocols in SA

60870-5 -103 PROFIBUS

Protection 1

Protection 1

Protection 2

Protection 2

Station Gateway 60870-5 -101/4

Central Functions

LON

HM I DNP

Process Interface

MVB,CAN Process Interface

others Process Interface

Protection & Control

… before the advent of IEC 61850

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The basic requirements

Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for their own functions.

Free configuration Support for different operating philosophies

and arbitrary allocation of functions, e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.

Long term stability Future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the

progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements without application configuration changes.

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Free configuration

Supporting future Substation Automation system optimization §  Decoupling of application functions (SW) from HW

e.g. some few HW platforms with different processing power where the application functions are added at engineering stage

Facilitating the use of IEC 61850 in domains outside substation §  Same communication model and function model can be reused for other applications and with

other function allocation Allowing the use of IEC 61850 as backbone for Smart Grids

§  High-level interactions between many components e.g. for self-healing of networks and micro grids controllers e.g. for management of very large systems (thousands of distribution IEDs)

Com

mun

icat

ion

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The approach of IEC 61850

Domain Substation : What data have to be communicated ? Communication Technology: How are the data communicated ?

Slow changes Fast changes

Data Model ISO/OSI Stack

DEFINITION Data and Services according to the Domain Substation MAPPING Data Model to the Communication Stack SELECTION ISO/OSI Stack from the Main Stream

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Semantic Definition of the Data Model

The sent information must be understandable for the receiver This understandability is provided by

§  Standardized data model (IEC 61850-7-x) §  Standardized mapping (IEC 61850-8-1 and IEC 61850-9-2) §  Standardized substation (plant) description (IEC 81346) §  Standardized formal description by SCL (IEC 61850-6)

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Main stream communication ISO/OSI stack

TCP/IP Ethernet

Full 7 Layer

Stack

needed for

Networks (LAN)

Application Process (Function) Application L. Presentation L. Session Layer

Transport Layer Network Layer Link Layer Physical Layer

Office, Home, Industry

MMS Manufacturing Message Specification TCP Transport Control Protocol - IP Internet Protocol

Stack = Hierarchical Set of Rules For Coding and Decoding X11, MMS, http, etc.

Internet


Data Model from domain Substation

Secondary Technology (Substation Automation)

XSWI XSWI

PTRC PTOC

CSWI

CSWI CSWI

SIMG

TVTR

TCTR XCBR

Primary Technology (Switchgear)

Every days objects for the Substation Engineer SIMG

SIMG

Example : Object Circuit Breaker XCBR What data belong to this object ?

These Objects are called Logical Nodes

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Hierarchy of Data Model

Physical Device (IED) defined as Server

Implementation Logical Device (LD)

Grouping

Logical Node (LN)

Data

Data (Object)

Properties

Attribute

Value

Bay IED Bay Controller CSWI Switch Control Pos Position

stVal Status value INTERM./OFF/ON/BAD 11

Transfertime class*

Transfer time[ms]

Applicationexamples: Transferof

TT0 >1000 Files,events,logcontents

TT1 1000 Events,alarms

TT2 500 Operatorcommands

TT3 100 Slowautomaticinteractions

TT4 20 Fastautomaticinteractions

TT5 10 Releases,Statuschanges

TT6 3 Trips,Blockings 12

Communi- cation processor

Appli- cation function

Appli- cation function

f1 Physical device PD1

f2 Physical device PD2


Some performance requirements Transfer time t = ta + tb + tc

ta t b

tc

Communi- cation processor

*) Classes according to IEC 61850-5 Ed2

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Connecting IEDs

Logical Device Logical Device

LN DO

LN DO

LN DO

LN DO DO

I/O

Process bus access point (can be same as above)

Client associations

Inter bay bus Access point 1 logical, several physical

Client association IED

Server


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Services (1)

§  Read service a value / attribute

§  Write service configuration attributes

§  Control service a device (direct operate / select before operate)

§  Report service with event triggered reports

§  Log service for local storage of time-stamped events

§  Directory service (get directory information = data model)

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Services (2)

§  File transfer service for e.g. – parameter and software download – upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas density values – upload for disturbance recorder files

§  Generic object oriented system events (GOOSE) transfer service – Event driven trips, releases, blocks, etc.

§  Sampled value (SV) transfer service - current, voltages, etc. (data stream)

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t

Tmin

2 ms Tmax

1024 ms

t

Tmax

1024 ms Without any changes, the GOOSE-message is repeated with Tmax until the next event / change.


GOOSE Service

Change of information = event

x16

In case of a information-change, the GOOSE-message will be repeated within Tmin. The repetition frequency is lowered until Tmaxis reached.

Tmax

1024 ms

x16

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Spontaneous Data Exchange

Services §  Report service with event triggered reports §  Generic object oriented system events transfer service (GOOSE) §  Sampled value (SV) transfer service (data stream)

Definition/Configuration steps 1. 2.

Define Data Set (what data are supervised on change?) Define Data Control Block (when and to whom data are transmitted)

Timecritical Communication

SNTP

MMS

TCP UDP

IP IP

EthernetLinkLayerwithPrioritytagging

EthernetPhysicalLayer(100Mbit/s)

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The selected ISO/OSI Stack

Client Server Communication

Sampled Values

Data Model (Objects,Services)

GOOSE*

Application specific data model

Abstract Communication Services Interface (ACSI) Stack Interface ISO/OSI – Stack Hierarchical set of rules how exchanged information is coded or decoded in to or from the bit telegrams running over the serial link * Generic Object Oriented Substation Events

Mapping **) Time Synchronization with 1 ms accuracy for event tagging

Clock **


Physical communication architecture

Bay 1 Bay 3

NCC Interface Architecture depends on the requested availability and performance Details influenced by cost constraints 19

Station Level

Most common Architecture for IEC 61850 based „Edition 1 Systems“ (switched Ethernet ring) Ring recovery by RSTP (Rapid spanning tree protocol)

Bay Level

HMI GPS Time

Station Bus Bay 2

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A/D Conversion

AI

B/D Conversion

D/B Conversion

AI AI BI BI BI BO BO BO

Serial Communication (Station Bus) Protection Function

Serial Communication (Station Bus) Protection Function

Serial Communication

D/B Conversion

B/D Conversion

BI BI BI BO BO BO

Serial process links

Serial Communiation

A/D Conversion

AI AI AI

Serial Comm. MU BIED SIED

Protection IED

I/O Galvanic separation


Process bus (physical view)

Station bus

hard-wired

Protection IED

Source : Electra 255 (2011)

TVTR

TCTR

TVTR

TCTR

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Process bus (IEC 61850 view)

Source : Electra 255 (2011)

MU BIED SIED

IED

XCBR XSWI

PTOC PDIS PDIS PDIS

PTRC

PTOC PDIS PDIS PDIS

PTRC

XCBR XSWI XSWI

XSWI

TVTR TVTR

TCTR TCTR

TVTR TVTR

TCTR TCTR

IED

IEC 61850 Protection

Station bus Protection

IEC 61850

XSWI XSWI hard-wired

Process bus

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System Engineering

=E1 Voltage level 110kV

=WB1 Busbar 1

=WB2

=Q2 line bay / feeder

=QB1 =QB2

=QA1 =QC1

IED -SB1

=S1CSWI1 =QE1

and single line

=Q1 line bay / feeder

=QB1 =QB2

=QA1 =QC1

IED -SB1

=S1CSWI1 =QE1

IED Configuration Single line

=XW1

Communication Subnetwork

Relation between LN


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System Integration and System Integrator

Cigre Brochure 326 THE INTRODUCTION OF IEC 61850AND ITS IMPACT ON PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION WITHIN SUBSTATIONS August 2007

IEC 61850 - allows for multi-vendor systems (“interoperability”) - does not provide “interchangeability” - does not provide „plug-and-play“ for system integration - guarantees interoperability by compliance certificated IEDs

IED integration to a system has to be engineered - that all data needed by one IED are supplied by one of the other IEDs

(the only killing criterion which cannot be worked around by tools) - that the specified overall functionality and performance is fulfilled

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System Integration and System Integrator

The System Integrator - is a dedicated role in the project which has to be agreed and budgeted from the beginning - may be performed by a supplier, the user (utility) or a dedicated third party - has the full responsibility that the specified overall functionality and performance is provided

The System Integrator needs for his role - adequate knowhow about IEC 61850, the application domain, the specified functions, the IEDs and IED tools to be applied - adequate system integration tool - financial base for potential claims

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Data Model extension to other domains

Wind power plants IEC 61400 Wind Turbines – Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants

Hydro power plants IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-410 Hydroelectric power plants Communication for monitoring and control

Distributed energy resources Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 7-420: Basic communication structure – Distributed energy resources logical nodes

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IEC 61850 references in Smart Grid USA NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology U.S. Department of Commerce Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid NIST Special Publication 1108 „NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards“ Release 1.0, January 2010 Europe CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group „Report on standards for smart grids” V1.0, December 2010


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Thanks for your attention ! Questions ?

Documents

STUDY COMMITTEE B5 Tutorial IEC 61850 Moving towards edition 2smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/elen679/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ECEN... · Tutorial IEC 61850 – Moving towards Edition