su dung orcad full

Nguyn Ngc H---------*****---------

Tp. H Ch Minh - 11/2011

M uORCAD l mt cng c thit k mch in t n gin v ph bin. Cng c rt nhiu phn mm thit k mch in t khc, tuy nhin, ti chn s dng phn mm ny, v b cng c ny c nh gi l kh mnh. Cc th vin linh kin ca ORCAD c th coi l mnh nht cho n nay, v hu ht cc nh sn xut linh kin in t u cung cp cc add-in th vin linh kin cho ORCAD. c rt nhiu sch hng dn s dng ORCAD bng hnh, tuy nhin gi sch kh cao v thc cht ORCAD khng c g l phc tp, v vy, ti mun thc hin ti liu hng dn ny mt cch n gin, cung cp min ph cho sinh vin. Thnh thc m ni, cc sch d c hng dn t m ti u, th cng khng th gip cc bn sinh vin nm bt ton b cc chc nng ca ORCAD, m ch yu, cc bn thc hnh nhiu, my m nhiu, v hi han nhiu, cc bn s tm hiu v nm bt v ORCAD rt d dng. Trong ti liu hng dn ny, chng ti s i tng bc n gin, cc bn c th thc hin mt mch nguyn l bng ORCAD, sau hng dn cc bn tng bc xut ra thnh mch in, chy mch in, iu chnh mch in, cui cng l vic lm mt mch in in t ti nh nh th no. Ti liu ny c chia lm 5 phn: -Phn 1. Ci t OrCAD 9.2 -Phn 2. Mt s thao tc v mt mch nguyn l vi ORCAD dng CAPTURE -Phn 3. Cch chuyn t mch nguyn l sang mch in v cc thao tc trn LAYOUT PLUS -Phn 4. S dung cng c Pspice A/D tch hp trong OrCAD m phng mch in -Phn5. Mt s mch in t l th cc bn nng cao kh nng v mch ca mnh -Phn 5. Lm mch in 1 lp th cng y ti chn s dng OrCAD 9.2 v tnh ph bin ca n, th vin kh y , chim t ti nguyn, t li, s dng rt n nh. Hin ti c bn 16.5 nhng rt nng (10G tt c sau khi ci t ), vi li vic ci t cng rt kh khn. K t bn 16.3 tr i Cadene b phn Layout m thay vo l PCB Editor, v vy ti liu ca phn ny rt t ch yu l ti liu ting anh. Nhng nu mun tr thnh nh Design PCB chuyn nghip th nn s dng ci ny. Cng phi ni thm rng y l ti liu ti bin son da trn nhng kin thc ca mnh v trch dn tham kho thm mt s ti liu trn mng nn c mt s on c th trng vi ti liu ca cc tc gi khc, ti c gng hng dn rt chi tit v tng hp mt s ti liu cc bn c th tip cn vi phn mm OrCAD mt cch nhanh chng. Cc bn c tham kho v cho kin cun ebook ny c hon thin hn.Xin chn thnh cm n!

3

Link dowload: OrCAD 9.2 part1: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?cpp7hztxpquc094 OrCAD 9.2 part2: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?s5h0e49kv6orr87 Dng phn mm FFSJ ni file: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?blnyug2582ebiqb OrCAD 9.2 Protable : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?o0z6sxoj672e11b

Hoc c th lin h vi ti ly ti liu, link dowload cc phn mm v ebook v in t cp nht link mi, d liu trn my nn khi lo die link:

https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9L4j2AHMDIQRTlWUHJUN TJJdGM/edit?usp=sharing&pli=1#Nguyn Ngc HLp: D10CQDT01-N. Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM Tel: 0982.969.872 Mail: [email protected] YH: ah25.ah25 Skype: hanguyen92205

4

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Mc lc

Mc lcM u ............................................................................................................................. 03

Chng 1 . Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ............................................................................. 10 Chng 2. V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture Cis 2.1 Tng quan v OrCAD Capture .................................................................................................. 17 2.2 V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture ................................................................................ 17 2.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Capture ......................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 To mt project mi .................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2.1 To Project mi ........................................................................................ 18 2.2.2.2 Thit lp kch thc v ci t ban u cho bn v ................................ 20 2.2.2.3 Cc i tng lm vic ............................................................................ 24 2.2.3 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture ......................................................... 24 2.2.3.1 Phm tt.................................................................................................... 24 2.2.3.3 T kha tm kim nhanh linh kin ........................................................... 25 2.2.4 V s nguyn l .................................................................................................... 25 2.2.4.1 Tm kim v chn linh kin ...................................................................... 25 2.2.4.2 V mch c th ........................................................................................ 29 2.2.4.3 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 34 2.2.5 Kim tra li s nguyn l ...................................................................................... 37 2.2.6 To file netlist ............................................................................................................ 39 2.3 To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture .................................................................... 40 2.3.1 Gii thiu ................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi ........................................................................................ 40 2.3.2.1 Tm datasheet .......................................................................................... 40 2.3.2.2 Tin hnh to linh kin ............................................................................ 41 Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM

5


Mc lc

2.3.2 V ng bao v lu linh kin .................................................................................. 43 2.4 Chnh sa linh kin ................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.1 t vn .................................................................................................................. 43 2.4.2 Tin hnh chnh sa .................................................................................................. 44 2.4.3 Lu linh kin va chnh sa ....................................................................................... 45 Chng 3. V mch in vi OrCAD Layout 3.1 Tng quan v phn mm OrCAD Layout .................................................................................. 47 3.2 V mch in vi OrCAD Layout .................................................................................................. 47 3.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Layout ........................................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Mt s lnh c bn .................................................................................................... 48 3.2.2.1 File ............................................................................................................ 48 3.2.2.1.1 Open .......................................................................................... 48 3.2.2.1.2 Import ........................................................................................ 48 3.2.2.1.3 Export ........................................................................................ 48 3.2.2.2 Tools ......................................................................................................... 48 3.2.2.2.1 Library Manager ........................................................................ 48 3.2.2.2.2 OrCAD Capture .......................................................................... 48 3.2.3 To bn thit k mi.................................................................................................. 48 3.2.3.1 Lin kt Footprint..................................................................................... 51 3.2.3.1.1 Mt s footprint thng dng .................................................... 51 3.2.3.1.2 Lin kt n footprint ............................................................... 51 3.2.4 Footprint trn board mch ........................................................................................ 54 3.2.4.1 Chnh sa footprint .................................................................................. 54 3.2.4.2 To mi chn linh kin ............................................................................. 56 3.2.4.3 Nhng ch khi to mi chn linh kin .................................................. 64

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM

6


Mc lc

3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout .......................................................... 65 3.2.6 Thit lp mi trng thit k .................................................................................... 65 3.2.6.1 Thit lp n v o v hin th ................................................................. 65 3.2.6.2 o kch thc board mch ...................................................................... 66 3.2.6.3 Layer Stack ............................................................................................... 66 3.2.6.4 Thit lp khong cch gia cc ng mch .......................................... 67 3.2.6.5 Thit lp rng ng mch in ............................................................ 68 3.2.6.6 V ng bao .......................................................................................... 69 3.2.7 Sp xp linh kin trn board...................................................................................... 70 3.2.7.1 Sp xp linh kin bng tay ....................................................................... 70 3.2.7.2 Sp xp linh kin t ng ........................................................................ 71 3.2.8 V mch .................................................................................................................. 71 3.2.8.1 V t ng ............................................................................................... 72 3.2.8.2 V bng tay .............................................................................................. 72 3.2.9 Hon thin bn mch ................................................................................................ 73 3.2.9.1 Chn mt on text vo mch in............................................................. 73 3.2.9.2 Ph mass cho mch in.............................................................................. 74 3.2.10 In mch Layout ........................................................................................................ 75 Chng 4. M phng vi Pspice A/D 4.1 Tng quan v phn mm m phng Pspice ............................................................................. 77 4.1.1 Gii thiu v Pspice ................................................................................................... 77 4.1.2 Cc tnh nng ca Pspice ........................................................................................... 77 4.2 Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in .......................................................... 78 4.3 Thit k mch bng Capture .................................................................................................... 79 4.3.1 To 1 Project mi ...................................................................................................... 79


7


Mc lc

4.3.2 Hon thin bn v ..................................................................................................... 82 4.4 Phn tch v m phng ............................................................................................................ 83 4.4.1 Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng ....................................................................... 83 4.4.2 Thc hin m phng.................................................................................................. 84 Chng 5. Mt s bi tp 5.1 Mch ngun .................................................................................................................. 91

5.1.1 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 91 5.1.2 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 92 5.1.2.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 92 5.1.2.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 92 5.2 Mch np STK200/300 ............................................................................................................. 94 5.2.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 94 5.2.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 94 5.2.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 95 5.2.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 95 5.2.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 95 5.3 Mch np AVR USB 910 ........................................................................................................... 97 5.3.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 97 5.3.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 97 5.3.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 98 5.3.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 98 5.3.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 98 5.4 Mch LED rt ui ............................................................................................................... 100 5.4.1 Gii thiu ................................................................................................................ 100 5.4.2 S nguyn l ....................................................................................................... 100


8


Mc lc

5.4.3 S mch in .......................................................................................................... 100 5.4.3.1 Sp xp linh kin .................................................................................... 100 5.4.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................. 101 5.5 Mch ng h s n gin .................................................................................................... 104 5.5.1 Gii thiu ................................................................................................................ 104 5.5.2 S nguyn l ....................................................................................................... 104 5.5.3 S mch in .......................................................................................................... 104 5.5.3.1 Sp xp linh kin .................................................................................... 104 5.5.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................. 105 5.6 Mt s mch in t hay ....................................................................................................... 107 5.6.1 Mch iu khin ti bng m thanh ........................................................................ 107 5.6.2 Mch n ging sinh ................................................................................. 107 5.6.3 Mch to xung 1kHz.................................................................................. 108 5.6.4 Mch bo v qu p.................................................................................. 108 5.6.5 Mch kha s in t ............................................................................... 108 5.6.6 Mc relay bo v dng 1 pha .................................................................... 109 5.6.7 Mch relay bo v dng 3 pha .................................................................. 109 5.6.8 Mch ng h vn nin ............................................................................ 109 Chng 6. Lm mch in th cng 6.1 Dng c cn thit ................................................................................................................ 114 6.2 Chun b bn in ..... ................................................................................................................ 115 6.3 i mch ................ ................................................................................................................ 114 6.4 Ngm mch ........... ................................................................................................................ 114 6.5 Khoan board.......... ................................................................................................................ 115 6.6 Bo v mch.......... ................................................................................................................ 115


9


Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

Chng 1: Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ci t OrCAD 9.2 bn thc hin cc bc sau: Cho a CD ci t OrCAD vo my hoc c th chy trc tip trn cng: Nhp chut phi vo file setup.exe , chn Run as administrator nh hnh di

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp.HCM

10

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD-

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

i vi giy chng ta s thy hp thoi xut hin nh hnh di v yu cu chng ta nn tt ht cc chng trnh dit virut , nu khng th trong qu trnh ci t c th xy ra vi li khng mong mun. Click vo OK tip tc thc hin cng vic ci t.

-

Mt hp thoi mi hin ra, chn Next tip tc:


11

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADChn Yes trong hp thoi Software License Agreement:

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

-

Chn Next tip tc trong hp thoi tip theo:

-

hp thoi tip theo yu bn nhp key codec l A B E F G H I J K ( Enter xung dng sau mi k t) chn Next v nhp 17 ch s 1 hp thoi tip theo nh hnh di. Next tip tc


12


Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

-

Nhp thng tin ca bn vo phn Name v Company. Next tip tc. Chn Yes ca s tip theo:

-

hp thoi tip theo, c 2 ty chn: Typical nu ci t cc thnh phn chung ca OrCAD, Custom setup cc ng dng cn dng. Chn Next tip tc


13

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADQu trnh ci t bt u,

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

-

Chn Yes 2 hp thoi tip theo

-

V cui cng nhn Finish hon tt .


14

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADQu trnh ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 xong. Nhng ng vi m phn mm ln, n vn cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh Crack : Tm n file PDXOrCAD.exe trong th mc Crack ca CD Click chut phi v chn th Properties, chuyn qua Tab Compatibility v chn nh hnh di ( nu l win 7, cn win XP th b qua bc ny ). Click Appy hon xc nhn

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

-

Xut hin hp thoi ca phn mm Crack PDXOrCAD Chn ng dn n th mc ci t OrCAD , y ti ci ln C c ng dn l C:\Programm Files\Orcad\. Nhp chn Apply thc hin. Nu xut hin dng thng bo Fixed Patch Success: All patches applied nh hnh th qu trnh ci Crack thnh cng, nu xut hin thng bo li th hy kim tra li cc bc trn xem ng cha.


15


Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD

Vy l ci hon tt ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ( Lu : Mi phin bn c mt cch ci t v Crack khc nhau ). Khi ng chng trnh OrCAD ln v khm ph.


16


Chng 2. OrCAD Capture

Chng 2: V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture2.1 Tng quan v OrCAD Capture OrCAD Capture l phn mm v mch nguyn l rt mnh , vi th vin phong ph, thao tc n gin, d chnh sa v tm kim. Trong phn ny ti s hng dn khi qut mi ngi c th tip cn v s dng phn mm ny. T khi ng , to mt bn thit k, ly linh kin, thay i thng s linh kin, i dy, hon thnh mch nguyn l n vic to th vin linh kin c nhn tin cho vic s dng v sau. 2.2 V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture 2.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Capture Khi ng OrCAD vi chng trnh Capture( hoc Capture Cis ): C1. Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Capture ( Capture Cis ) C2. Click vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop

Mn hnh lm vic ca Capture nh sau:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT Tp.HCM

17



2.2.2 To mt Project mi 2.2.2.1 To Project mi: to mt project bn c th lm nh sau: Chn menu File -> New -> Project.

Hoc chn nt lnh Create document

Hp thoi New project hin ra, nhp tn project trong phn Name ( Theo ti mi 1 Project bn nn lu vo 1 th mc ring v trong orcad 1 project c th to ra rt nhiu file )v ng dn n v tr lu project trong phn Location


18



Click vo nt Browse chn ng dn cho project Nu mun to mt th mc con cha cc file trong project ca bn, nhp chut vo Create Dir...

Nhp tn th mc mun to vo phn Name trong hp thoi Create Directory. OK xc nhn

Mn hnh ca OrCAD Capture nh sau:


19



2.2.2.2 Thit lp kch thc v ci t ban u cho bn v: Khi bt u v mt Schematic chng ta nn chn menu Options -> Preference t cc thuc tnh ty chn ring chi ngi thit k v mu sc hin th ca Wire, Pin ta li v trong trang thit k. Hp thoi Preferences nh sau:

-Chn lp Color/Print: hin cc gam mu gn cho tng i tng trong trang s mch nguyn l nh: mu nn ca background, pin linh kin, tn linh kin, bus, ng kt ni cc thnh phn, li v, gi tr linh kin, text,


20



-Chn lp Grid Display: Hin/ khng hin li c th hin bng nhng du chm trong cc trang thit k hoc sa i linh kin. Mc ch ca li l gip chng ta t linh kin & sp xp so cho hp l & chnh xc nht

-Chn lp Pan and Zoom: hin khung thoi cha cc gi tr thay i t l thu phng hay thu nh cc i tng trong trang thit k s mch.


21



-Chn lp Select: hin th khung thoi lin quan n vic la chn cc thnh phn trong trang s nguyn l.

-Lp Miscellaneous: cha nhng thnh phn h tr cho vic gn cc thuc tnh cc i tng trong trang thit k. Ngoi ra n cn c chc nng rt quan trng l t ng hin th s th t ca loi linh kin c ly ra ( Automatic reference placed part ) & bt tay cho vi Layout ( th Intertool Communication ) rt hu dng trong vic sp t cc footprint linh kin ty thch ca ngi thit k nhm trnh trng hp cc linh kin sp xp khng theo mun. Chc nng ny ch c tc dng khi m c Capture & Layout v x l cng chung thit k.


22



Chn menu Options > Design Templace gn cc tham s mc nh cho bn thit k & cc trang s nguyn l mi. Nhng gi tr c gn theo khung tham s ny khng nh hng n nhng thit k ca mch in c. Ti hp thoi Design Template ta c th ty chnh thin th kiu k t, size ca cc k t hin th tn, gi tr , ca linh kin. Ngoi ra chng ta c th t tnca thit k, size ca thit k, n v o,

Chn font hin th kiu k t

thit lp kch thc bn v


23



2.2.2.3 Cc i tng lm vic

Thanh cng c Chn i tng Th vin linh kin Chy dy t nhn ng mch V ng ni bus t im ni Ni vi ng bus Ngun Mass im khng ni 2.2.3 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture 2.2.3.1 Phm tt: Vic s dng cc phm tt s gip cho thao tc ca chng ta c nhanh hn, v trong ti liu ny ti ch yu hng dn bng cc phm tt Phm R I P J T F Y Chc nng Xoay linh kin Phng to mn hnh Ly linh kin To im ni Thm vn bn cho bn v Ly cc khi ngun V khi ch nht Phm W O N B X G ESC Chc nng Ni cc ng mch Thu nh mn hnh nh nhn V ng bus nh du chn linh kin ko s dng Ly cc khi mass, ni t Thot ch ang chn


24



2.2.3.2 T kha tm kim nhanh linh kin thao tc c nhanh v ly linh kin chnh xc th bn phi nh tn ca cc linh kin, y ti ch nu mt s t kha c s dng nhiu Tn gi K hiu Tn gi K hiu Tn gi R in tr RESISTOR VAR Bin tr CAP T in CAP NP T khng phn cc RELAY R le LED n led FUSE Cu ch DIODE i t DIODE ZENER i t n p NPN Transistor ngc PNP Transistor thun CRYSTAL Thch anh BRIDGE Cu diode SW Nt nhn HEADR Chn cm Khi lm vic vi OrCAD cc bn ch l phi tt cc trnh g ting vit i th mi s dng c cc phm tt , v trnh li khi s dng cc phm tt, n gin l phn mm n khng bit ting Vit. 2.2.4 V s nguyn l Mun v c mch nguyn l th cc bn phi c s nguyn l{ 1 t giy hay trong u bn ri. Bn phi bit l s dng nhng linh kin no. 2.2.4.1 Tm kim v chn linh kin ly linh kin ra bn nhn phm P ( hoc Shift + P hoc chn Place Part ). 1 ca s hin ra nh sau : K hiu


25



khung Part cho php chng ta gi ra cc linh kin, vy linh kin c ly u? linh kin c ly Libraries. Nhng chng ta ang thy Libraries trng trn th kia th ly lm sao c linh kin? Vy ta phi Add library s hin ra 1 ca s nh sau :

Theo ti th nn Add tt c cc th vin vo. V mi 1 th vin cha cc linh kin khc nhau m ta khng

th nh c linh kin no nm trong th vin no. Th l Add th vin xong


26



T hp thoi Libraries, cc bn ch chut vo bt kz mt trong cc th vin c add ( hoc Ctrl + A chn tt c th vin ) th danh sch cc linh kin trn ca s Part List s xut hin Bn nh tn linh kin vo khung Part chn linh kin ph hp vi mch nguyn l Nhp OK chn linh kin, lc ca s ny s mt i v linh kin dnh vo chut ca bn Chn v tr thch hp v nhp chut tri t linh kin


27



Nhp chut tri tip tc t linh kin vo cc v tr khc, nhn ESC trn bn phm ngng vic t linh kin Chn v t y linh kin vo trang v trc ri tin hnh i dy ni mch ni dy bn nhp vo bn thanh cng c phi hoc s dng phm W

Nhp chut vo linh kin v ko n v tr khc nu mun di chuyn chng Cc thao tc Rotate ( R ) xoay linh kin, Vertical ( V ) lt linh kin theo chiu dc hoc Horizontal ( H ) lt theo chiu ngang 2.2.4.2 V mch c th cc bn d hiu th chng ta s i vo v mch c th, y ti chn mch iu chnh v n nh tc ng c. Mach nguyn l{ nh hnh di:

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: Khi ng c c ni n J1 quay s cho ra in p cm ng t vo chn s 1 ca Triac. Nu ng c b gim tc ( c th do ti tng ln) lm V1 gim, D2 s dn in to dng kch cho Triac. Dng in qua triac tng ln s lm tng tc ng c tng ln nh c. Nu ng c b tng tc ( c th do ti gim xung ) lm V1 tng, D2 b phn cc ngc s ngng dn, gim dng in cp cho ng c, tc ng c gim xung nh c.


28



Cc linh kin trong mch: 5 in tr, 1 bin tr, 2 t khng phn cc, 3 diode chnh lu, 2 transistor ngc , 1 triac, 2 chn cm, cng tc 3 cc 1

By gi quay tr li ca s Place Part ( Shift + P hoc P ). Ly ra 1 con tr no khung Part ta g vo R s c hnh nh nh sau

Enter ly R. sau R s i theo chut ca ta, nhp chut vo 5 v tr ly 5 in tr. Mun thot ly linh kin khc th n ESC,hoc nhp chut vo biu tng Select trn thanh cng c kt thc.

chn chn cm cho linh kin ta cng lm tng t, khung Part cc bn g CON2, sau nhp OK tr v mn hnh lm vic.


29



G RESISTOR VAR khung Part ly bin tr:

ly t in khng phn cc chn CAP NP ti khung Part ca th vin sau OK tr v mn hnh lm vic


30



Tip theo, bn chn DIODE ti khung Part ly i t, nhp OK tr v mn hnh lm vic. Nhp chut tri vo 3 v tr khc nhau ly 3 diode

Chn cng tc 3 chu bng cch g SW MAG-SPDT trong khung Part, sau nhp OK tr v mn hnh lm vic. Ti trang v nhp chut tri vo mt v tr bt k chn cng tc


31



ly Triac, ti khung Part ca hp thoi Place Part g TRIAC, sau nhp OK v nhp chut tri vo v tr bts k chn Triac

Chn cun dy bng cch ti khung Part g INDUCTOR FERITE. OK tr v mn hnh lm vic


32



Tip theo chn transistor NPN bng cch g NPN vo khung Part. OK

Cui cng, chn chn Mass bng cch nhp vo biu tng Place Ground bn thanh cng c. Ti khung Libraries chon SOURCE, ti khung Symbol chn 0, sau nhp OK tr v mn hnh lm vic


33



Kt thc vic ly linh kin, ta c hnh sau :

2.2.4.3 Sp xp linh kin


34



Cc linh kin vn nm ngn ngang th, c th xoay c cc linh kin dc, ngang, quay ngc xui cc bn chn vo linh kin cn xoay ri n phm R, hoc phm H, hoc V( c th chn vo linh kin kch phi chut chn Rotate = R, Mirror Horizontally = H, Mirror Vertically = V ) v sp xp linh kin sao cho gn chun b ni dy.

ni dy cc bn n phm W ( Place Wire ), con tr chut s thnh du cng v chng ta bt u ni dy. Xong ta c hnh sau:


35



Mun thay i gi tr cho linh kin, hy nhp p chut vo linh kin, khi hp thoi Display Properties xut hin. Ti khung Value ca hp thoi nhp vo gi tr ca linh kin mun thay i, sau nhn OK hon tt thay i.


36



y l mch hon chnh

2.2.5 Kim tra li s nguyn l Nhp vo biu tng minimize trn gc phi hoc biu tng page 1 , xut hin mn hnh nh sau. Chn


37



Nhp vo biu tng design rules check Hp thoi Design Rules Check xut hin, check vo Scope, Action & Report nh hnh bn v nhp Ok kim tra. Nu c thng bo li bn hy kim tra v tr c khoanh trn nh mu xanh v tin hnh sa li ri tip tc.


38



2.2.6 To file netlist Sau khi kim tra khng thy li , chng ta tin hnh to file .mnl chuyn sang Layout , chn Netlist trn thanh cng c, hoc chn Tool=> Create

Ca s Create Netlist xut hin, chn Layout, trong th Options chn User Properties are in inchers t chn chn linh kin footprint, Browse duyt n ni cha file, nhp chn OK

Chon OK trong hp thoi xut hin tip theo hon tt qu trnh to file netlist


39



Vy l hon tt qu trnh v mch bng Capture, bn hy dng file .MNL va to v mch in bng OrCAD Layout Plus 2.3 To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture 2.3.1 Gii thiu Vic to ra linh kin mi trrong Capture rt quan trng, cc linh kin in t u c sn xut theo mt s tiu chun nht nh. Trong Layout th mt s chn linh kin nu khng bit th c th tm mt linh kin khc c chn tng t, cn trong Capture th cng vic khng th thc hin c. Hn na vic to ra mt th vin mi ca ring bn s gip bn qun l{, cng nh thao tc nhanh hn trong vic tm kim linh kin 2.3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi Mt project bao gm vic to ra linh kin mi , to ra bn v nguyn l hoc xut ra mch in,...Khi vic to ra linh kin mi l vic lm phc v cho schematic no . to thm linh kin mi, cc bn phi nhn din c linh kin l g, hot ng nh th no. Phi tra datasheet ca linh kin . Sau khi bit r v linh kin, hy hnh dung trong u s b tr cc chn linh kin sao cho vic v mch nguyn l c d dng v p nht. Tip theo l to ra mt th vin linh kin cha linh kin m cc bn s to ra. V c tnh cc ti l khc nhau v nhng ngi lm vic vi mch in t cng khc nhau nn vic t tn cng c nhng c th khc nhau. Cui cng l vic to ra linh kin bn, t vo cc th vin ph hp. C th ti s hng dn cc bn to ra con MAX232. 2.3.2.1 Tm datasheet Vic u tin l phi tra cu datasheet ca con MAX232. tra datasheet bn c th search trn mng http://google.com hoc tm trc tip t cc trang web v datasheet: www.alldatasheet.com www.datasheetcatalog.com


40



y l hnh nh ca con MAX232 trong datasheet

2.3.2.2 Tin hnh to linh kin Trong mn hnh lm vic ca Capture. Chn File > New > Library

T rong ca s qun l, nhp chut phi vo library.olb ti th mc Library, chn New Part to linh kin mi

Nhp tn linh kin vo khung Name ( tn ny s c hin th khi bn chn linh kin). Chn kiu linh kin trong Part Reference Prefix. y chn l U Nhp OK vo trang thit k


41



Ca s lm vic nh sau:

Trc ht chng ta cn to ra nhm chn, sau sa cha thng s, nhng nhm chn c cng chc nng ta ta thit k chung.

Chn Place Pin Array trn thanh cng c to nhm chn cho linh kin Starting Name ( tn chn) : 1

Starting Number ( Chn bt u): 1 Number of Pins ( s chn c to ra trong cng nhm chn): 8 Increment ( s n v tng ln) : 1 OrCAD h tr vic to ra cc nhm chn bng cch t ng tng th t tn chn Starting Name, Starting Number ln Incrment n v, nu nh chn tn cng l 1 s.


42



Khi nhn OK, con chut s to thnh 1 dy 8 chn linh kin. Trn khi U vung, cc bn t n cnh no, n s nm cnh .Nhp chut hon tt.

T ip tc to cc chn cn li. Chn Place pin array Starting Name : 16 Starting Number: 16 Number of Pins : 8 Increment: -1 OK v chn v tr t chn

Nhp p chut vo chn linh kin sa i cc thng s: tn, s chn linh kin

Tip tc cho cc chn cn li. Nhp chut tri v ko gi chut sp xp li v tr cc chn linh kin cho hp l & thm m.

2.3.3 V ng bao v lu linh kin

Chn Place rectangle trn thanh cng c to ng bao, v hnh vung va kht trn hnh.Chn Place Text nhp tn cho linh kin.Nh vy l lm xong 1 linh kin mi, nhn Save lu li linh kin. 2.4 Chnh sa linh kin 2.4.1 t vn


43



Khi ly linh kin trong th vin, c mt vn l a s vi con IC th b n chn VCC v GND, nhng cc bn yn tm khi xut ra mch in chn VCC mc nhin ni vi Power v chn GND th ni t. Ti s ch cho cch lm cho n hin ln 2.4.2 Tin hnh chnh sa y ti chn con IC nh thi 555 Bn nhp phi chut vo linh kin, chn Edit Part

Xut hin ca s lm vic mi gip bn chnh sa cc thng s ca linh kin:

Phn 2 du cng trong vng trn mu l 2 chn VCC v GND, bn nhp p chut vo n chnh kiu chn


44



Hnh dng chn ca n trong ca s Shape, trong ca s ny chn c la chn l zero length chnh v vy m bn khng nhn thy n, bn c th chn Line hoc Short hin th chn. Tick vo Pin Visible hin th tn ca chn linh kin Tng t nh trn hin th chn GND. B tr li s chn cho hp l v thm m, Sau khi chnh sa ta c hnh bn

Trong ca s ny bn cng c th thc hin chnh sa, thm bt chn, thay i kch thc hnh dng ca linh kin. 2.4.3 Lu linh kin va chnh sa Nhp chut vo nt Close trong ca s lm vic hoc nhn Ctrl + W, xut hin hp thoi

Chn Update Current lu thay i, Update All thay i tt c linh kin c trong Project, Discard hy b thay i, Cancel quay li hy b thao tc, Help c tr gip.


45



Vy l hon tt c bn phn Capture, tip theo ta chuyn sang phn Layout thit k mch in. ( lun Ctrl + S lu bn project , phng s c xy ra ngoi mun )


46


Chng 3. OrCAD Layout

Chng 3: V mch in vi OrCAD Layout3.1 Tng quan v phn mm v mch in OrCAD Layout thi cng board mch thc t cn phi xut mch nguyn l trong Capture sang file mch in c h tr bi Layout. Phn ny s hng dn cc bn xut file .mnl trong mch nguyn l sang Layout v mch in hon chnh, cch chn chn linh kin footprint, to th vin chn linh kin mi,... 3.2 V mch in vi OrCAD Layout 3.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Layout Khi ng OrCAD vi chng trnh Layout Plus Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Layout Click vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop

Mn hnh lm vic ca Layout Plus nh sau

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

47

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.2 Mt s lnh c bn 3.2.2.1 File


Cha cc lnh lin quan n vic to mi, m, nhp v xut ra cc tp tin i tng va Layout hay sang cc thnh phn khc ( s dng trong mt s phn mm thit k mch khc nh Protel, PCAD PCB, ...) 3.2.2.1.1 Open Lit k tt c cc tp tin .MAX ang nm trong th mc hin hnh. 3.2.2.1.2 Import Cho php m hay nhn mt file c to t cc phn mm khc nh Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,... 3.2.2.1.3 Export Cho php xut file .MAX c to t OrCAD Layout sang cc phn mm thit k mch in khc nh Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,... 3.2.2.2 Tools 3.2.2.2.1 Library Manager Cho php bn chnh sa hay to mi mt footprint ca linh kin no . T y bn c th to hay su tp mt th vin footprint linh kin m bn hay s dng cho cc thit k v sau. 3.2.2.2.2 OrCAD Capture Cho php m chng trnh thit k mch nguyn l OrCAD Capture t chng trnh v board mch OrCAD Layout Ngoi ra trong Tools cn cc chc nng khc nh SmartRout cho php bn v mch thng minh, Edit App Settings, Reload App Settings,... 3.2.3 To bn thit k mi to mt bn thit k mi, vo menu File -> New hoc t biu tng trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi Load Template File, ta nhp vo file Template theo ng dn mc nh: C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Data File template l file nh dng mt s thng s mc nh cho board mch, nh s lp board mch, khong cch i dy, kch thc ng mch, quy nh thit k,... c s dng xuyn sut trong qu trnh v mch vi Layout. Nu l mt board bnh thng th bn chn file default.tch ( hoc jump6238.tch s gip qu trnh chy mch hiu qu hn , cc jumper s khng ct ngang IC,). Cn nu


48



bn mun thit k board mch ring theo hnh dng c th, nh Sound Card, Lan card,... th load cc file template khc. Nhn Open thc hin load file .TCH

Xut hin hp thoi Load Netlist Source yu cu bn chn file netlist c ui .MNL c to trong OrCAD Capture. Nhp Open chn m file Netlist


49



Ti hp thoi Save File As bn nhp vo ng dn v tn file m bn mun lu thit k ca mnh. Mc nh Layout Plus s t tn file mc nh trng vi file netlist v lu trong th mc cha project .

Nhp Save tin hnh lu.


50



Nu cc linh kin trong mch thit k l cc linh kin mi v cha tng c lin kt n th vin footprint ca Layout Plus ln no th s xut hin hp thoi yu cu bn phi lin kt n footprint. y l bc kh khn i hi bn phi cn thn, nu nh chn sai chn th mch coi nh b i, ttos nht bn hy xem k hnh nh thc t ca linh kin vic chn hnh dng v kch thc ca footprint c chnh xc. Kinh nghim cho thy s tt hn nu bn tc hin vic gn footprint cho tt c cc linh kin trong sut qu trinh v mch bng Capture. 3.2.3.1 Lin kt Footprint lm tt phn ny bn phi thng xuyn lm mch, c kinh nghim th vic tm kim cc footprint c nhanh hn. 3.2.3.1.1 Mt s footprint thng dng - Th vin TO : TO92 ( transistor: C828, C1815, C535,...), TO202 ( Transistor: H1061, IC n p h 78xxx, 79xxx,... ) - Th vin DIP100T: /W.300 ( cc IC cm t 14-20 chn ) /W.600 ( cc IC cm t 24-40 chn ) - Th vin TM_CAP_P l footprint ca cc loi t in - Th vin JUMPER l footprint ca cc loi in tr, quang tr, bin tr,.. - Th vin TM_DIODE l footprint ca cc loi diode hay led 3.2.3.1.2 Lin kt n footprint Quay li mn hnh lm vic ca Layout s xut hin hp thoi sau:

Trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng tm thy chn ca D1 c tn l DIODE. V th nn tm chn cho linh kin ny bng cch nhp chut vo lin kt Link existing fooprint to component... Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm 51



Hp thoi Footprint for DIODE xut hin , nu l ln u tin s dng th bn phi add th vin vo bng cch nhp chut tri vo nt Add...

Bn chn ng dn n th vin Layout mc nh l C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Library. Bn nn add tt c vo tin cho qu trnh s dng


52



Ti khung Libraries nhp chn mc JUMPER. Ti khung Footprints nhp chn mc JUMPER200 ( khong cch gia 2 chn l 200 mils = 5 mm ) chn chn diode. OK thc hin Tip theo trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn ca chn cm J1 c tn CON2. Nhp chut vo Link existing fooprint to component...

Trong hp thoi Footprint for CON2, ti khung Libraries chn JUMPER, ti khung Footprints chn JUMPER100. Xong nhp chn OK. Trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn linh kin Q3 c tn T2801


53



Nhp vo Link existing fooprint to component...Trong hp thoi Footprint for T2801, ti khung Libraries chn TO, khung Footprints chn TO202AB chn chn cho Triac Tip tc chn lin kt chn linh kin cho cc chn cn li ( transistor Q1, Q2 tng ng l TO - > TO126, cun dy L1 l th vin JUMPER chn JUMPER100, cng tc 3 chu v bin tr chn ln lt l TO-> TO202AB v TO-> T126, t in chn JUMPER - > JUMPER100,...) cho n khi no khng cn xut hin hp thoi Link Footprint to Component na. Khi hon thnh lin kt n cc footprint vi linh kin, OrCAD Layout t ng load cc footprint nh hnh v:

3.2.4 Footprint trn board mch Khi cc fooprint c load, nu khng ng vi yu cu thit k th phi chnh sa hoc to mi chn linh kin cho ph hp 3.2.4.1 Chnh sa fooprint Chn linh kin cn thay i trn board mch va load, sau nhp chut phi chn Properties hoc nhp i chut vo linh kin Hp thoi Edit Component xut hin, y bn c th sa li tn v gi tr linh kin, Nhp chut vo Footprint... thay i footprint Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm 54



T hp thoi Select Footprint ta c th la chn cc footprint thch hp. Tuy nhin nu khng tm thy footprint ph hp th ta phi to mi fooprint cho ph gip vi linh kin


55

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.4.2 To mi chn linh kin


Ta c th to mi chn linh kin bng cch trong chng trnh Layout Plus, vo menu Tools -> Library menager

to mt footprint mi hon ton bn bm Create New Footprint V d: To footprint cho mt pushbutton (Panasonic part EVQ-PAG04M) bn cn mt s thng tin v kch thc ca n:


56

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD hp thoi Create New Footprint Nhp tn linh kin mi mc Name of footprint, v d l PB Bm chn English. Mc d kch c cc b phn ca linh kin c cho h mt nhng hu ht kch thc ch to PCB vn bng n v inches ( hay mils = 1/1000 inch).


dng theo h mt bn phi thay i systems settings. (vo Options -> System Settings) xut hin hp thoi bn. Nhp OK. By gi bn ang lm vic theo h mt.

Switch c tt c 4 chn nhng ta ch cn nh dng cho 1 padstack v cc chn du c c im ging nhau. u tin vo View -> Spreadsheet ->Padstacks. Ta thy xut hin hp thoi padstacks, ta double click vo padstack c tn T1 s xut hin hp thoi Edit Padstack cho tt c cc lp ca T1.


57

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADBn thay i tn ca padstack ny, thng th t tn theo tn footprint. iu ny lm cho vic tm kim n d dng hn trong Layout khi c nhiu padstack. Tip nhp chn Undefined trong mc Pad Shape Nhp OK. Xut hin hp thoi padstacks. Bn thy padstack tn PB vi tt c cc lp ca n khng c nh dng


Da vo Datasheet bn nh dng cho cc lp ca padstack PB. Nu chn nhiu lp cng mt lc th nhn chn tn cc lp ng thi gi phm Ctrl. Bn ch cn nh dng cho nhng lp cn thit . u tin bn cn nh dng kch thc cho chn l khoan, theo datasheet ng knh chn l khoan l 1 mm. Ta chn 2 lp DRLDWG, DRILL. Click phi chut chn Properties , xut hin hp thoi Edit Padstack Layer , nhp chn Round, sau nhp gi tr 1(=40 mils) vo Height v Width. Nhp OK


58



Bn thy trong hp thoi padstacks lp DRLDWG, DRILL c nh dng:

Tng t bn nh dng cho cc lp TOP, BOTTOM, INNER. Thng th kch thc ca vng xuyn bao quanh l chn khoan ln hn l khoan khong 20 mils(=0.5 mm). Do nhp gi tr 1.5mm vo Height v Width. V lp gia ca mch l ming ng dnh cho power v ground, trnh hin tng ngn mch ngi ta thng to ra xung quanh cc l khoan mt khong trng, ln hn kch thc l khoan l 35 mils(=1.75 mm). Bn nhp gi tr 2 mm vo Height v Width v chn pad dng round cho lp PLANE. Cui cng bn cn nh dng cho mt hn chn linh kin, thng th n ln hn vng xuyn bao quanh chn l khoan khong 5 mils(=0.125 mm). Do bn chn pad hnh round v nhp gi tr 1.625mm vo Height v Width cho lp SMTOP and SMBOT.


59



Sau khi nh dng xong cho cc lp ca padstack ny, ta s lu tn ca footprint mi to vo th vin, ta nn to th vin mi d dng tm kim sau ny. Bng cch click Save As trong hp thoi Library manager. in tn footprint mi to, sau click vo Create New Library to th vin mi.

Nhp OK th footprint mi to s c lu vo th vin.


60



Sau chn Text tool xa bt cc ch khng cn thit i, ch li &Comp v &Value. Nhp vo text cn xa v bm phm Delete (trn bn phm). Thm cc chn linh kin vo bng cch chn cng c Pin Tool .

Click chut phi vo nn en, chn New t chn mi v tr thch hp

Chn thuc tnh cho 2 text cn li bng ko chut bi n, xong click chut phi, chn Properties (phm tt Ctrl+E). Chn Layer l SSTOP. Chn OK.


61



Sau bn sp xp li v tr cho cc chn, bn lun lun t v tr ca pad1 ti (x,y) = (0, 0) > double click vo pad1 xut hin hp thoi EDIT PAD.

Bn da vo Datasheet bit khong cch gia cc chn xc nh v tr cho cc chn cn li. Pad2 = (0, 6.5)


62

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADCc chn khc tng t: Pad4 = (4.5, 0), Pad3 = (6.5, 4.5)


Bn c th dng cc cng c o c nh: Dimension, Measurement trong menu Tool c th to khong cch chnh xc gia cc chn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th v thm cc ng bao (Obstacle) cho linh kin, y l ng ranh gii gia cc footprint khi sp xp chng khng b chng cho nhau. v ng bao bn click vo biu tng Obstacle Tool , sau click phi chut chn New, gi chut tri ng thi ko n cc gc chn pad, ng bao bao quanh cc chn pad.


63



u tin bn t tn cho ng bao, sau chn Place Outline ti Obstacle Type. dy width ty .

Thng bn chn ng bao ny nm lp Global Layer, tc thuc tnh Obstacle Layer l Global Layer. Cui cng click OK lu li cc nh dng cho footprint mi to. Bn hon thnh vic to 1 footprint mi khng c sn trong th vin ca layout. nhanh hn bn c th lt qua th vin ca layout tm nhng footprint tng t footprint m bn cn to sa cha cho ph hp vi thc t ri Save As n li, lu li trong th vin mi m bn to cho d tm kim. 3.2.4.3 Nhng ch khi to mi chn linh kin Khi thit k footprint, ngoi vic bn cn bit chnh xc kch thc thc gia cc chn linh kin thit k k ng, cn phi bit kch thc ca c linh kin c th b tr khong cch gia cc linh kin cho hp l. Mt s kinh nghim chn kch thc cho chn linh kin: Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

64

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD-


Vi cc linh kin thng nh in tr, t, diode bn chn chn hnh trn (Round), ng knh l 1.8 n 2.1, ty loi linh kin - Chn 1 ca IC hay cc linh kin c cc tnh nh t hoc diode bn nn chn kiu chn l hnh vung hoc hnh ch nht - Vi IC ta nn chn chn hnh Oval (vi cc chn 2 tr ln) v hnh ch nht (i vi chn 1). Kch thc thng l 1.7mm Width v 2.2 mm Height. - Vi cc chn linh kin to nh chn ca cc JACK cm, chn ca IC c cn th nn chn b Width(b ngang) to ra mt t, c 1.8mm. Thc t vic to ra linh kin trong Capture quan trng hn rt nhiu ln so vi vic to ra linh kin trong Layout (hay Layout Plus). bn ch cn s dng cc chn layout c nh dng ging vy s dng, khng nht thit phi to ra cc nh dng chn cho tng linh kin ring bit. 3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout u tin, bn s tt DRC (Design Rule Check), bn s cn dng chng sau, nhng khng phi by gi. Sau khi tt, khung ch nht nt t s bin mt. Nhng k hiu xut hin bn cnh cc linh kin c th khng cn thit nhng chng s lm cho mn hnh ca chng ta ri hn. C 2 cch xa chng i: Chn Text Tool trn thanh cng c, click chut vo on k hiu m bn mun xa i, sau click chut phi v chn delete. Hoc nu bn mun xa hon ton cc k hiu i km, bn lm nh sau: Chn lp 23 AST nh hnh v, sau tt n i.(s dng phm -)

3.2.6 Thit lp mi trng thit k 3.2.6.1 Thit lp n v o v hin th. y cng l n v th hin rng ca ng mch in trong board mch. Mc ch ca vn ny l gip cho ngi thit k qun l c kch thc ca cc nets trong board mch cng nh kch thc ca board outline. Cch lm nh sau: Vo Options -> System settings. Bn s thy hp thoi sau xut hin: y bn nn chn n v l Millimeters(mm). Ngoi ra ta cn c th thit lp li v, t li nu cn thit khung Grids. Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

65

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.6.2. o kch thc board mch Vo Tool -> Dimension -> Select Tool.


Sau o di v rng ca ng bao. Mc ch ca cch lm ny l cho ngi thit k bit c board mch mnh thit k c kch thc tht bao nhiu, t c nhng iu chnh hp l trong vic sp xp cc linh kin trong ng bao cho ph hp vi board mch in m mnh ang c.

3.2.6.3 Layer Stack

nh ngha Layer Stack, bn chn View Spreedsheet t Toolbar


66



Nhp Layers chn lp v, y bn chn lp BOTTOM, click chut phi chn Properties.

Chn nh sau v OK

3.2.6.4. Thit lp khong cch gia cc ng mch thit lp nhng lut v khong cch cho pads, tracks v vias. Bn chn View Spreedsheet t Toolbar. Chn Strategy -> Route Spacing.


67

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADT menu pop up chn Properties:


Xut hin hp thoi: Edit Spacing

y bn c th iu chnh cc thng s cho ph hp. Cn ch n v o m bn thit lp trn. Chn OK.

3.2.6.5 Thit lp rng ng mch in Bn lm iu ny iu chnh rng ca cc nets trong mch khc nhau ty theo chc nng ca chng. Thng th: cc ng ngun, mass phi ln hn cc ngun tn hiu, hay cc ng ng vi mch cng sut th b rng cng phi ln hn bnh thngMun iu chnh cc thng s ny bn c th lm nh sau: Vo View Spreedsheet Nets. Bi en tt c, chn Properties Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm 68



Hp thoi Edit Net cho php ta chnh cc thng s ca Nets

Min Width, Conn Width, Max Width l rng ca nets mch in. Khng nn 3 gi tr ny bng nhau, v khi i mch my s t ng iu chnh rng ca nets. Khi t t th n chn Min, khi nhiu s chn Max, nh vy s linh hot hn. 3.2.6.6 V ng bao l ng bao ngoi cho tt c cc linh kin v cc ng mch trong mch in. v bn tin hnh nh sau: Click chut vo Obstacle Tool, sau click vo mt gc m bn mun v Outline, con chut chuyn thnh du cng nh, click phi, chn Properties s hin ra hp thoi sau: Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

69



Bn chn nh hnh v. Sau chn OK. Click vo 4 gc ca khung m bn mun v, sau nhn ESC.

3.2.7. Sp xp linh kin ln board mch Vic b tr linh kin ln board mch l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng quyt nh n n nh, d v v thm m,v.vca board mch. Bn c th sp xp linh kin bng tay hoc s dng chc nng t ng sp xp ca Layout Plus.3.2.7.1. Sp xp linh kin bng tay Nhp chut vo biu tng Component Tool trn thanh cng c. di chuyn linh kin no ta nhp chut vo linh kin , sau , khi nh chut ra v di chuyn th linh kin cng s di chuyn theo. n v tr cn t linh kin th nhp chut mt ln na, v linh kin s c c inh.


70

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADSau khi sp xp mt lc ta c nh sau: nhp chut vo Reconnect Mode

Chng 3. OrCAD Layout n /hin dy ni

3.2.7.2. Sp xp linh kin t ng u tin bn cn phi c nh mt s linh kin m bn mun n c t mt v tr xc nh, trnh b thay i v tr trong qu trnh auto. Di chuyn linh kin n v tr xc nh, nhp chut phi chn Lock. Sau khi c nh c cc linh kin theo yu cu, chn Auto -> Place -> Board. 3.2.8 V mch Layout Plus h tr c 2 chc nng v t ng v v bng tay. Thng thng nn kt hp c 2 chc nng ny, v khi v t ng i khi s c nhng ng mch rt phc tp, lc ta nn iu chnh li bng tay. Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

71

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.8.1. V t ng Vo Auto -> Auto Route -> Board, Layout Plus s t ng v mch. 3.2.8.2. V bng tay


Chn Edit Segment Mode . Kch vo dy mun v, lc dy s gn vi con tr, r chut to ng mch, kch tri chut c nh ng mch. i hng ng i ca mch: kch vo cui on dy, sau i theo hng m bn mun v. Sau khi v xong, nhn ESC kt thc. Nhp F5 refresh bn mch. Sau khi v, bn s c nh sau:


72

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.9. Hon thin bn mch


V c bn, chng ta hon thnh vic v mch in. Trong phn ny bn s tin hnh mt s thao tc cui cng trc khi xut mch in

3.2.9.1. Chn mt on text vo mch in

Chn Text Tool t thanh cng c. New.

Click phi vo mn hnh chn

Hp thoi Text Edit hin ra, trong khung Text String g ni dung cn chn. Lu : nu bn lm mch in th cng th click chn Mirrored khi i khng b ngc. Chn lp hin th trong khung Layer ( thng th chnTOP v BOTTOM ), v kch thc ch . chn OK hon tt

Di chuyn on text n v tr cn chn, click chut. Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm

73

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD3.2.9.2. Ph mass cho mch in Mc ch ca vn ny l chng nhiu cho mch in. Cch lm nh sau:


Chn Obstacle Tool. thnh du cng nh th click phi, chn Property. Mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Edit Obstacle.

Nhp chut vo khung mch, con chut co

-

Trong khung Obstacle Type chn: Copper Pour. Trong khung Obstacle Layer chn lp cn ph Copper Pour: c th l TOP hay BOTTOM. Trong khung Net Attachment th chn l GND hoc POWER, ty theo bn mun ph theo GND hay POWER. Nu khng th ta du Nhn OK.


74

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADBn mch hon chnh:


Nu v mch nhiu lp th trong lc v, nhn phm Backspace v cc phm s hin th mt s lp nht nh,1: TOP, 2: BOTTOM, ... 3.2.10. In mch Layout in mch va v, bn thc hin cc bc sau: Chn Option -> Post Process Settings Nhp chut phi vo lp mun in (vd: lp BOTTOM), chn Preview

-


75



-

Vo menu File, chn Print/Plot ( Ctrl + P ) Chn nh hnh di ri nhp OK

Kt qu:

Vy l hon chnh 1 board PCB , ti s hng dn cc bn lm mch in th cng ti nh phn sau.


76


Chng 4. M phng PSPICE

Chng 4: M phng bng PSPICE4.1 Tng quan v phn mm m phng Pspice 4.1.1 Gii thiu v Pspice K thut in l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu nhng ng dng ca cc hin tng in, t nhm bin i nng lng v tn hiu, bao gm vic thu hp , gia cng, x l, truyn ti tn hiu thun tin cho vic tnh ton, thit k cc thit b in t, ngi ta thng thay th cc mch in thc t bng cc m hnh thay th v cc s mch in tng ng. Vic phn tch cc mch in nhm d on v kim tra kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b in t hoc nhm a ra cc sn phm ph hp vi yu cu t ra. Phng php thc t kim tra mt mch in l xy dng chng. Tuy nhin hin nay, khi m cc thnh phn ca mt mch tch hp c kch thc ngy cng nh b th vic xy dng cc vi mch ny tr nn rt kh khn, Bn cnh , nhng tc ng vt l, m thanh, nh sng,...khng nh hng n mch in thng thng nhng li gy nhiu rt ln i vi cc vi mch. V vy, vic lp rp cc vi mch t cc thnh phn trong phng th nghim i hi nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tin bc S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin cho php xy dng cc phn mm m phng v phn tch qu trnh lm vic ca mch in t. Khi ta c th xy dng, th nghim, kho st hot ng ca mch ng vi cc trng hp cng nh vic thay i cc thng s k thuaaj cng nh kho st nh hng ca chng n qu trnh lm vic ca mch. Do tng tnh mm do v kh nng kho st nhiu trng hp, tnh hung khc nhau Vn kh khn khi s dng cc phn mm l tnh chnh xc ca m hnh. Nu cc m hnh khng c cc c tnh ging nh cc phn t thc th vic m phng l v ngha Spice ( Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ) l mt chng trnh tnh ton m phng v m hnh ha cc mch in t tng t c pht trin t nhng nm 1970 ti i hc California Berkeley Pspice ( Power Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ) c pht trin bi hng MicroSim, l mt trong nhng phin bn thng mi c pht trin t Spicevaf tr thnh phn mm m phng ph bin nht trn th gii. Pspice cho hp chng ta m phng cc thit k trc khi di vo xy dng phn cng. CHng trnh m phng cho php chng ta quan st ha ng ca mch cng nh nhng thay i ca cc tn hiu u vo hoc cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn trong mch in. Do c th kim tra li cc thit k xem chng c chy ng trong thc t hay khng. Pspice ch m phng v tin hnh cc php o kim tra ch khng phi l phn thit k ca mch in 4.1.2 Cc tnh nng ca Pspice Pspice c a ra th trng nhiu phin bn khc nhau, mi phin bn cung cp cc tnh nng khc nhau ty thuc vo yu cu khch hng.


77



Trong phn ny, ti s hng dn dng phn mm Pspice A/D i km trong b phn mm OrCAD Pspice A/D l chng trnh dng m phng cc mch in tng t v s. Cc tnh nng chnh ca Pspice A/D: Phn tch xoay chiu, mt chiu, qu : Tnh nng ny cho php chng ta kim tra cc p ng cu mch in khi c cung cp u vo khc nhau. C th : + Phn tch mt chiu ( DC Analysis ): Cho php xc nh in p nh mc v tr s dng in cho tt c cc nt ca mch bng cch qut ton b gi tr ca in p trong mt khong do ngi dng nh ngha. iu ny c ngha khi mun xc nh ng c tnh ca cc mch in c cha cc phn t phi tuyn nh: diode, transistor,.. hoc mun xc nh in th nh mc ca cc mch khuch i + Phn tch qu ( Transient Analysis ) : nhm d on cc trng thi ca mch khi c cc s kin qu xy ra + Phn tch xoay chiu ( AC Analysis ) : m phng hi p tn s ca mch in, tc l ta c th quan st c cc trng thi ca mch in khi tn s ca ngun in thay i trong mt dy cho trc. Da vo ta c th tm thy tn s cng hng ca mch Phn tch tham s, nhy, gi tr gii hn : vi nhng tnh nng ny chng ta c th quan st nhng bin i ca mch in khi thay i cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn ca n Phn tch thi gian ca cc mch s cho php tm ra s c v thi gian xut hin khi kt ni cc tn hiu c tn s thp trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu

-

Pspice A/D cng cung cp cc m hnh ha v cc ng x ca cc thit b tng t v s, v vy chng ta c th m t cc hm chc nng ca mch in s dng cc biu thc v hm ton hc. Do c th xy dng v phn tch cc c tnh phc tp ca thit b thng qua m hnh ton hc. Cc m hnh ha c xy dng trong Pspice A/D khng ch l cc in tr, in cm, in dung m cn c cc m hnh sau : M hnh dy dn, bao gm tr, di, tn hao, tn x v tp m M hnh ca cun dy t phi tuyn, bao gm bo ha v t tr M hnh ca MOSFET M hnh ca transisitor trng c cc iu khin cch ly IGBT MOSFET M hnh ca cc phn s vi vo ra tng t

4.2 Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in kho st mt mch in ni chung cng nh mt mch in t cng sut ni ring ta tin hnh theo cc bc sau: Xc nh m hnh cc phn t cn thit xy dng mch in. a s cc phn t ny u c trong th vin m hnh ca chng trnh, tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp ta phi xy dng th vin mi. Vic xy dng m hnh mi i hi am hiu su sc v k thut in- in t bi v m hnh phi phn nh ng c im v tnh cht vt l ca thit b thc. M hnh cng gn vi thc t th kt qu phn tch cng ng tin cy. Mc d vy, trong mt s trng hp, khi kho


78



-

st mt s c tnh no th ta ch cn m hnh ha cc tham s, thng s lin quan n c tnh , trnh gy ra nhng phc tp khng cn thit Thit lp s nguyn l ca mch in cn nghin cu. Cn phi m bo chc chn rng s d nguyn l c xy dng l ng n Chuyn i t chng trnh nguyn l sang chng trnh m hnh ha theo ngn ng chuyn dng ca phn mm ( i vi phin bn hin ti ca Pspice th vic ny l hon ton t ng ). Thit lp cc thng s ca s v cc tham s kho st Tin hnh kho st: + Chy th chng trnh vi ch quen thuc m kt qu bit trc kim tra chnh xc ca m hnh + Khi m hnh hot ng t tin cy th ta tin hnh nghin cu vi cc ch cn kho st theo yu cu t ra

C th vi Pspice A/D trong OrCAD ta tin hnh theo 3 bc: B1: Thit k mch bng CAPTURE + To mt d n Analog Or Mixed A/D + a vo cc phn t + Ni dy v hon chnh s mch B2: Xc nh kiu m phng + To tp tin m t + Xc nh kiu phn tch: 1 chiu, xoay chiu, qu , thi gian, tn s + Chy PSPICE B3: Quan st kt qu: + Thm cc ng th + Phn tch dng sng Kim tra tp tin u ra nu cn + Lu v in kt qu

-

4.3 Thit k mch bng CAPTURE V phn Capture ti hng dn c th cho cc bn phn trn, nn phn ny ti ch hng dn nhng g lin quan ti Pspice. 4.3.1 To 1 project mi

Khi ng ca s lm vic ca Capture. Chn File -> New -> Project to project mi Ca s New project xut hin


79



Trong ca s ny, bn g vo tn tp tin trong phn Name, chn th mc lu tr tp tin trong phn Location. Trong th Create a New Project Using bn nh du vo trn th nht : Analog or Mixed A/D. Nhn Ok ng to Project mi Lc ny trnh Capture m ra mt ca s Create Pspice Project, bn hy chn mc Create a blank Project trnh Capture m ra trang v trng

OK hon tt v vo vng lm vic chnh ca Capture


80



Vi vic lin thng vi trnh Pspice A/D th thanh Capture c thm thanh cng c h tr cho vic lin thng vi Pspice

y ti s m phng mch dao ng s dung IC nh thi 555, loi IC ny c dng rng ri trong mch in t tng t. S nguyn l ca 1 mch to xung dng 555 nh sau:

Cc linh kin c trong mch: IC 555/ ANL-MISC.OLB R/analog C/analog VDC/source GND

Cc bn thc hin vic ly linh kin v i dy hon thin mch nh hnh trn Lu : Th vin s dng cho trnh m phng Pspice c ly trong th vin pspice theo ng dn mc nh l: \capture\library\pspice

Mt s th vin thng dng dng trong m phng Pspice bao gm:


81



Analog: cha cc phn t th ng ( R,L,C ), h cm, ng truyn v cc ngun dng, ngun p ph thuc( ngun p ph thuc in p E, ngun dng ph thuc dng in F, ngun dng ph thuc dng in G v ngun p ph thuc dng in H ) Source: bao gm cc loi ngun dng v ngun p c lp nh VDC, IDC, VAC , IAC , VSIN ,VEXP, xung,... V nhiu th vin khc cha cc thnh phn ca mch in nh cc linh kin in t cng sut: diode, transistor, thyristor, mosfet, cc cng logic, cc thit b giao tip Cc im ni ca mch c nh du bng cc s nguyn dng, trong bt buc phi c nt s 0 v lun c hiu l im t ( Ground ). im 0 ny rt quan trng v khi chy chng trnh my s tnh ton in p gia mi nt trong mch in vi im t ny trong tng bc tnh

ly im 0 ta kch chut vo biu tng bn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm G. Hp thoi Place Groud hin ra, ta chn th vin SOURCE v chn k hiu 0

-

-

4.3.2

Vic v mch bng Capture phc v cho trnh m phng Pspice phi tuyt i chnh xc t vic chn linh kin n ni dy v cc thng s linh kin, nh vy vic m phng mi m bo c Vi cc mch dao ng bn phi t vo mch mt iu kin khi u ( lnh IC: Initial Condition). Hy m ca s Place Part v chn th vin Special ri chn tn linh kin l IC1. Bn hy nhp chut ln ch IC ghi vo mc volr khi u ( vd : 0V ). Hon thin bn v

Sau khi hon tt vic ly linh kin v i dy, cn phi gn tn v gi tr cho cc phn t


82



Cc nt li: Danh sch cc nt li bao gm ton b cc phn t ca mch c lit k theo cu trc c quy nh. to ra cc nt li t s mch nguyn l, ta dng lnh Pspice -> Create netlist t thc n ca chng trnh. Danh sch ny c lu trong tp tin c ui .net v c qun l bng trnh trnh qun l d n, ta c th chn vo tp tin ny xem ni dung bn trong ca n. V y l ni dung ca tp tin ng vi mch ang xt:

nu c thng bo li , bn hy kim tra li s mch cho n khi no khng xut hin li na th chng ta tin hnh xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng 4.4 Phn tch v m phng 4.4.1 Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng

Trc ht hy nhp chut vo biu tng New Simulation xut hin:

m trang phn tch mch. Ca s

g vo Name tn ca trang phn tch. Nhn phm Create m ca s chn kiu dng phn tch. Giao din nh sau:


83



Trong th Analysis, mc Analysis type c 4 la chn kiu phn tch chnh: Bias poit: dng xc inhj iu kin phn cc DC ca mt mch in. Tnh ton xong, ta s c cc mc p DC trn cc ng mch v c dng in chy qua cc nhnh ca mch DC Sweep: dng qut thng s DC phn tch cc c tnh ca cc linh kin in t. Nh v cc ng cong c tnh ca diode, transistor, scr, triac, cc cng logic,..Kho st mch vi cc mc ngun nui DC khc nhau... Time Domain ( Transient ): dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc im ca mch in ly theo bin thi gian ( y trc X ly theo bin thi gian ). N c cng dng nh bn ang dng mt my hin sng nhiu tia xem cc tn hiu trn cc im ni ca mch in. AC Sweep/Noise: dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc ng ni ca mch in thoe bin tn s v gc pha ( trc X ly theo bin tn s hay bin gc pha ). N dng v ra ng cong p ng bin tn, pha tn ca mch. Thc hin m phng

-

-

4.4.2

Trong v d trn, ban u bn hy chn cch phn tch l Bias Point v nhn OK ng Chn Pspice -> Run ( hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c )

quan st kt qu ca qu trnh m phng phn tch 1 chiu, ta c th m tp u ra hoc quay tr li s mch v kch vo biu tng hoc ( cho php hin th in p dch )hoc ( dng in dch )

( cng sut tiu tn trn cc phn t )


84

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADKt qu ca qu trnh phn tch:


in p nh thin

Dng in nh thin

Cng sut tiu tn Tip theo chng ta chn cch phn tch Transient ( Trc X ly theo bin thi gian ). dng phn tch ny bn ch cn g s vo cc trng ( xem hnh ):


85

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADTrong Run to time : g vo khong thi gian phn tch Start saving data after: xc nh thi im bt u cho h tn hiu


Maximum step size: chn bc in ( bc in cng nh th tn hiu in ra s cng net, hnh cng p nhng tp tin d liu ghi li trn a s ln v thi gian phn tch s ko di hn ). Sau khi chn xong th nhn phm OK tr li trang v. Chn u d Volt chn ra OUTPUT s 3 ca IC 555. Nhn chn Run xem kt qu phn tch: v gn vo v tr ca

Trong trang th ny, chng ta thy tn hiu ra trn chn s 3 ca IC555 c dng xung vung. Lc ny mun xem tn hiu trn im no ca mch in th t ng d ngay trn im . Nu nh cng lc bn t ng d trn 2 chn s 6 v s 3. Chng ta s thy tn hiu trn chn 3 l dng xung vung, cn trn chn 2,6 l dng tn hiu rng ca, c hai cng hin trn 1 th


86



Kt qu m phng:


87



Bn c th thay i tr s ca cc linh kin trn mch in ri cho phn tch bn s thy kt qu khc. Trn vng lm vic ca Pspice, bn nhp chut vo 2 trc ca th thay i ta v li hin th sao cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca bn

Bn cng c th xem cc ng biu din khc. M ca s add trace bng lnh Trace -> add trace... hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c. Trong ca s Function or Macro, bn chn hm cn xem, trong thanh Trace Expression chn bin cn quan st, nhn OK xem:


88



Ngoi ra bn c th chn ch qut DC_Sweep phn tch cc c tnh ca linh kin.

trong th Name chn ngun cn o ( y l ngun V1) Start Value: gi tr khi u End value: gi tr kt thc


89



y l phn mm m phng mnh v c dng rt ph bin. V s dng c phn mm ny mt cch thu o i hi cc bn phi c mt kin thc chuyn su v k thut in t. Trong phn ny ti ch gii thiu khi qut v cng c m phng Pspice cc bn c th bit cch m phng mt s mch in t phc v cho vic hc tp ca mnh. Vic dng Pspice phn tch nhy, phn tch nhiu, phn tch Fourier, phn tch tham s, phn tch nhit , m phng s,...v nhiu vn khc ti s khng cp n trong ti liu ny. N s c hng dn chi tit, thu o trong mt ti liu khc chuyn bit c th gip bn c th i su vo khai thc phn mm m phng Pspice.


90


Chng 5. Bi tp

Chng 5: Mt s bi tp v dPhn ny s gii thiu cc bn mt s mch tham kho v bng OrCAD 9.2 5.1 Mch ngun 5.1.1 S nguyn l:

cho mch c gn khi i dy cc bn s dng chc nng t nhn ng mch bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Place net alias bn thanh cng c phi

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM

91


Chng 5. Bi tp

t tn cho nhn trong khung Alias, mu ch trong khung Color, v mun thay i nh dng ch th nhp vo nt Change... trong khung Font t nhn vo v tr i dy ph hp, lm tng t cho u dy cn li, cc ng mch c chung nhn s c t ng ni vi nhau khi chuyn qua Layout Plus Chc nng ny rt hu dng, nht l khi thit k mch phc tp, s dng nhiu IC,... To nhn ng mch s cho mch nguyn l gn hn v thm m hn 5.1.2 S mch in 5.1.2.1 Sp xp linh kin Cc bn c th sp xp linh kin theo hnh di

5.1.2.2 V mch ( y s dng ch Autoroute ) Cc thng s v rng ng mch ca mch trn c cho nh hnh:


92


Chng 5. Bi tp

Chn ch chy mch in mt lp ( BOTTOM ) vo Auto Autoroute, ta c nh hnh di

Kim tra cc ng mch v chnh sa li nu mun. Sau chn Text v ph mass cho mch S mch hon chnh


93

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.2 Mch np STK200/300 5.2.1 Gii thiu

Chng 5. Bi tp

Mch np loi ny s dng cho cc board STK200/300 ca Atmel nn thng c gi l STK200/300. Mch ny giao tip vi my tnh qua cng LPT (cng song song). C 2 phin bn ph bin ca mch STK200/300 l phin bn thu gn v phin bn s dng IC m dng 74xxx. y s dung mch c IC m 74HC245, mch ny np rt n nh v an ton. Mch ny c h tr bi rt nhiu chng trnh np v s dng c cho hu ht cc loi chip AVR. Mch ny c cc linh kin rt d kim v chi ph r nn c dng nhiu trong gii SV 5.2.2 S nguyn l Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh:


94


Chng 5. Bi tp

S dung chc nng place no connect

nh du vo cc chn khng i dy. Chc

nng

to ng bus

5.2.3 S mch in 5.2.3.1 Sp xp linh kin Linh kin trong mch c th c sp xp nh hnh di

5.2.3.2 V mch Cc thng s rng ng mch tham kho


95


Chng 5. Bi tp

Chy dy lp BOTTOM

Kim tra mch, chn Text v ph mass cho mch


96

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADMch hon chnh:

Chng 5. Bi tp

5.3 Mch np AVR USB 910 5.3.1 Gii thiu

Np c hu ht cc dng AVR v mt s chp 89S ca Atmel bng cng USB tin li Kim tra li sau khi np H tr kha chp v lp trnh fuse bit Header chun ISP cho kt ni thun tin Tc np cao, s dng c vi hu ht cc trnh bin dch Mch siu nh gn, bc cch in thun tin cho di chuyn, s dng Cc k n gin trong kt ni, ci t v s dng. Tng thch vi Windows XP, Vista, Windows7. 5.3.2 S nguyn l Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh


97


Chng 5. Bi tp

5.3.3 S mch in 5.3.3.1 Sp xp linh kin C th sp xp linh kin nh hnh:

5.3.3.2 V mch Bng thng s rng ng mch tham kho


98


Chng 5. Bi tp

Chy dy v hon thin

Kim tra mch v ph mass, ta c mch hon chnh nh sau:


99

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.4 Mch n LED rt ui 5.4.1 Gii thiu

Chng 5. Bi tp

y l mch n trang tr ng dng IC 555 v 4017 rt n gin nhng hiu ng kh p mt. IC 555 ng vai tr lm xung kch cho 4017 thc hin m. Tc chuyn ng ca n c quyt nh da vo tn s ca 555 5.4.2 S nguyn l Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh di

5.4.3 S mch in 5.4.3.1 Sp xp linh kin S b tr linh kin


100

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.4.3.2 v mch

Chng 5. Bi tp

Chn lp BOTTOM, thay i rng ng mch ph hp ri chn ch chy dy t ng

Sau khi chy dy t ng, vn cn mt s ng mch cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh v bng tay , to jumper cho ng mch cn li

Chn ch v tay Edit Segmaent Mode , nhp chut vo ng mch cn v, di chuyn n v tr ph hp, chy ht cc ng mch cn li nh l cc ng mch khng ct nhau

Tr v ch Component Tool thoi sau

, nhp chut phi, chn th New... Xut hin hp


101


Chng 5. Bi tp

Nhp chut vo khung Footprint... tm chn linh kin cho via


102

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADNhp chn OK

Chng 5. Bi tp

t vo v tr cn to VIA, cc jumper ny khi lm mch chng ta phi tin hnh hn dy Mch sau khi to cc jumper, v chnh sa ph hp nh hnh di

Tin hnh ph mass cho mch to bn mch hon chnh, chn text nu mun


103

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.5 Mch ng h s n gin 5.5.1 Gii thiu

Chng 5. Bi tp

Mch ng h s dng Led 7 on hin th gi pht giy, s dng VDK AT89C52 lp trnh iu khin v IC thi gian thc DS1307. Thch hp cho nhng ai mun t lm mch cho ring mnh hoc tng bn b 5.5.2 S nguyn l Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh di

5.5.3 S mch in 5.5.3.1 Sp xp linh kin S b tr linh kin


104


Chng 5. Bi tp

5.5.3.2 V mch Chn v mch 1 lp ( BOTTOM ), chnh kch thc rng ng mch ph hp Autoroute mch in ta c kt qu nh hnh


105


Chng 5. Bi tp

Kim tra mch, to via cho cc jumper, ph mass v ta c mch hon chnh nh sau

b tr linh kin trn board


106

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.6 Mt s mch in t hay

Chng 5. Bi tp

phn ny s gii thiu cho cc bn mt s mch in l th ( su tm ) cc bn c th nghin cu v v lm board tht. 5.6.1 Mch iu khin ti bng m thanh

5.6.2 Mch n ging sinh


107

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.6.3 Mch to xung 1kHz

Chng 5. Bi tp

5.6.4 Mch bo v qu p

5.6.5 Mch kha s


108

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD5.6.6 Mch relay bo v dng 1 pha

Chng 5. Bi tp

5.6.7 Mch relay bo v dng 3 pha

5.6.8 Mch ng h vn nin Mch ny gn v thm m th cc bn nn thit k board 2 lp ( TOP, BOTTOM ).


109

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADKhi iu khin

Chng 5. Bi tp

Khi hin th


110

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADy l s mch in tham kho Khi hin th

Chng 5. Bi tp

Cc jumper


111


Chng 5. Bi tp


112

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCADKhi iu khin

Chng 5. Bi tp

Cc jumper


113


Chng 6. Lm bord th cong

Chng 6: Lm mch in th cngPhn ny s gii thiu cc bn cch lm board 1 lp th cng ti nh t cc s mch in v trn OrCAD Layout Plus 6.1 Dng c cn thit - Panel: tm ng , ty theo board xc nh kch thc ( mua ch Nht To ). - Dung dch n mn: FeCL3 mua ch, hoc HCL, H2O2. - Ph kin: Km, khoan (cc mui thng dng 0.6mm 0.8mm 1mm 3mm), giy rp hoc r ra bt hoc c xoong 6.2 Chun b bn in Sau khi thit k bn chun b in, nu nh c my in th tt, khng c th phin y ! Nu bn ci Adobe Acrobat, MS Office 2003 hay FinePrint th c mt tin ch my in o, bn s in ra my in o ny ri em ra ngoi in v tp tin c cc my in to ra l pdf hoc file nh. Nh th ca hng bn em in khng c OrCAD cng khng sao. Vn y l bn phi thuyt phc ch tim cho bn in thi. Hin nay c mt s ca tim cho php bn in mch file .MAX, nhng hi mc. Khng th cc bn chp ci OrCAD protable trong USB v em ra tim m ci OrCAD chn m file cn in ln v in thi. Nu bn dng giy can th in ln mt bng (mt bng ca n ging nh mt sau ca ci nhn v dnh (phn b i)). Loi ny dc nh gi cao nht, n i c nhng ng mch 10mil. Cn giy hng h cng c, nhng bn nn ng mch phi c 15mil tr nn. i vi nhng my in mi HP1100 hay Canon LBP 800 tr nn, bn phi chn kiu giy nh nht nu khng mt giy rng chu. Khi chn giy nn chn loi giy mu vng, nh vy khi i th s thy r hn 6.3 i mch Trc tin bn nh sch b mt tm ng, cng sch cng tt, em ra sch ri lau kh, bn ct tm ng thnh tm c kch thc bng vi board bn thit k. Cn giy bn phi ct to hn khung l xong c ch m bc. nhit bn l ch max. Sau khi t bn in ln bo ng bn t bn l, l trong khong 5-10 pht, ch l k phn mp. ngui. Nu l giy can th c th bc, cn giy hng h th phi em ngm nc cho giy mc ra ri bc i. Khng nn i lu v nh vy s lm nhe ng mch, lm cong board,... Lm cng nhiu th bn s t rt ra kinh ngim cho ring mnh 6.4 Ngm mch Bn ly mt t FeCL3 pha vi nc tt nht l nc si. Pha n khi n bo ha. cho vo mt ci a. t tm ng vo a, nghing a nh ngi ta i vng nu bn pha vi nc si th khong 1 pht l

Nguyn Ngc H. Email : [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp.HCM

114


Chng 6. Lm bord th cong

xong. Cn nc ngui th khong 5 pht. Bn thy ng phn khng c ng mch bong ht ra l c. Sau dng c xoong nh sch. 6.5 Khoan board Mi 0.6 khoan chn c chn nh nh diode zener, mi 0.8 l tr, 1 l diode chnh lu. 3 l khoan l bt vt. Bn t mi khoan vung gc vi board, bm cng tc, cho khoan qua th tt, tip tc chuyn sang l khc. 6.6 Bo v mch trnh cho mch khi b oxi ha bn phi qut ln mch mt lp bo v. Sau khi hn xong, bn ph lp bo v. Dung dch bo v: RP7 (hng sa xe my, ch tri cng c), Sn bng , nha thng (c bn ch Nht To). Vi RP7 hoc sn bng bn phun trc tip vo phn c ng mch. Cn vi nha thng bn em p nh, em ha tan bng xng hoc axeton (hiu thuc hoc hng mnh), c mt dung dch dng keo, sau ly bt lng qut ln. Khi axeton hoc xng bay hi th lp nha thng s bo v mch.

Nguyn Ngc H. Email : [email protected] Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp.HCM

115

Documents

su dung orcad full