Sự Tiêu Hóa Và Hấp Thụ Carbonhydrate

8/19/2019 Sự Tiêu Hóa Và Hấp Thụ Carbonhydrate

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CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND ABSOPTION

Th.S NGUYỄN ĐẶNG MỸ DUYÊN

BM CNTP


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The Chemist’s e!ie"

C#$%h&'#tes #e m#'e %( )#$%*+h&'%,e* #*' %-&,e* #t%ms.

These #t%ms (%m )hemi)# $%*'s th#t(%%" the #"s %( *#t/e.


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The Sim0e C#$%h&'#tes

M%*% s#))h#i'es #e si*,e s/,#s G/)%se se!es #s the esse*ti# e*e,&

s%/)e+ #*' is )%mm%*& 1*%"* #s

$%%' s/,# % 'e-t%se. 2/)t%se is the s"eetest+ %))/s

*#t/#& i* h%*e& #*' (/its+ #*' is

#''e' t% m#*& (%%'s i* the (%m %(hi,h3(/)t%se )%* s&/0. G##)t%se #e& %))/s *#t/#& #s #

si*,e s/,#.


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M%*% s#))h#i'es


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The Sim0e C#$%h&'#tes

Dis#))h#i'es #e 0#is %( m%*%s#))h#i'es+ %*e %("hi)h is #"#&s ,/)%se C%*'e*s#ti%* e#)ti%*s i*1 m%*%s#))h#i'es

t%,ethe.

H&'%&sis e#)ti%*s s0it m%e)/es #*')%mm%*& %))/ '/i*, 'i,esti%*. M#t%se )%*sists %( t"% ,/)%se /*its. It is

0%'/)e' '/i*, the ,emi*#ti%* %( see's #*'(eme*t#ti%*.

S/)%se is (/)t%se #*' ,/)%se )%m$i*e'. It ise(i*e' (%m s/,#)#*e #*' s/,# $eets+ t#stess"eet+ #*' is e#'i& #!#i#$e.

4#)t%se is ,##)t%se #*' ,/)%se )%m$i*e'. It is

(%/*' i* mi1 #*' mi1 0%'/)ts.


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© 2008 Thomson -Wadsworth


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The C%m0e- C#$%h&'#tes

G&)%,e* St%#,e (%m %( ,/)%se i* the $%'& P%!i'es # #0i' ee#se %( e*e,& "he*

*ee'e' St#)hes St%#,e (%m %( ,/)%se i* 0#*ts 2%/*' i* ,#i*s+ t/$es+ #*' e,/mes


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Diet#& (i$es 0%!i'e st/)t/e i* 0#*ts+ #e !e&'i!ese+ #*' )#**%t $e $%1e* '%"* $& h/m#*e*5&mes.S%/$e (i$es #e !is)%/s #*' )#* $e

'i,este' $& i*testi*# $#)tei# 6this 0%0et& is#s% 1*%"* #s (eme*t#$iit&7. These (i$es#e (%/*' i* (/its #*' !e,et#$es.

I*s%/$e (i$es #e *%*!is)%/s #*' #e *%t'i,este' $& i*testi*# $#)tei#. These (i$es#e (%/*' i* ,#i*s #*' !e,et#$es.


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• MOUTH 3 #m&#se• STOMACH• SMA44 INTESTINE 8 0#*)e#ti)

#m&#se+ 'is#))h#i'#ses+m#t#se+ s/)#se+ #)t#se

C#$%h&'#te 'i,esti%*


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I* the m%/th+ the s#i!#& e*5&me#m&#se $e,i*s t% h&'%&5e st#)h i*t%

sh%t 0%&s#))h#i'es #*' m#t%se. I* the st%m#)h+ #)i' )%*ti*/es t%

h&'%&5e st#)h "hie (i$e 'e#&s ,#sti)

em0t&i*, #*' 0%!i'es # (eei*, %((/*ess 6s#tiet&7.


14/51


I* the sm# i*testi*e+ 0#*)e#ti) #m&#se#m%*, %the e*5&mes 6m#t#se+ s/)#se+ #*'

#)t#se7 h&'%&5es st#)hes t% 'is#))h#i'es#*' m%*%s#))h#i'es. I* the #,e i*testi*e+ (i$es em#i* #*' #tt#)t

"#te+ s%(te* st%%s #*' (eme*t.


15/51


Khuvực Dịch tiết Enzyme Cơ chất Sản phẩm cuối

Mi9*,N:;) $*, 1% *, 1

R/>t*%*

D)h tF& Am& tF& P%&s#))h#i'es Dis#))h#i'es+ 'e-ti*+m#t%se+ m#ti%se

D)h />t6S/))/s

e*tei)/s7

S/)#se S/)%se G/)%se+ (/)t%se

M#t#se M#t%se #*'

m#ti%s

G/)%se

4#)t#se 4#)t%se G/)%se #*' ,##)t%se

De-ti*#se De-ti*+ m#t%se!= m#ti%s

G/)%se

Teh##se Teh#%se G/)%se6Am& #m&#se7 6s%/)e .Sem$/i*,#m+ Ese*ti#s %( Me'i)# Ph&si%%,&+ JKLJ7


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N/tie*t A$s%0ti%*

Pim#i& t#1es 0#)e i* the sm#i*testi*e

G/)%se #*' ,##)t%se #e#$s%$e' $& #)ti!e t#*s0%t.

2/)t%se is #$s%$e' $& (#)iit#te''i((/si%*.


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N/tie*t A$s%0ti%*

M>t s )ht 'i*h ':*, 6*:;)+ )) i0i' *h7 :Q)h0 th/ $*, ))h 1h/)h t* * ,i*. Ch*, i !=%

)) t $=% m>t ))h tV '%.

h/)h t*thF >*, *,i*

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/Membrane%20Transport%20Animation.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/Membrane%20Transport%20Animation.mp4


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N/tie*t A$s%0ti%*

M>t s )ht 'i*h ':*, 6)) !it#mi* t#* t%*, *:;)+(/)t%se7:Q) h0 th/ $*, ))h !W* )h/&* thF >*,+ 1h/)h t* )X)ht m#*, != m=*, t )ht m#*, Z) hi9/ !W* )h/&* t[ t[ $\* *,%=i !=% $\* t%*, t $=%.

h/)h t* )h] >*, )X th -& # 1hi )ht m#*, =m th#& ^i

m=*, t $=% )ht 'i*h ':*, )X th i _/#.

h/)h t*thF >*, )X)ht m#*, !=

m=*,


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N/tie*t A$s%0ti%*

M>t s )ht 'i*h ':*, 6,/)%se+ #mi*% #)i'7 0hi :Q)h0 th/ )h] >*,. C) )ht 'i*h ':*, *=& 'i )h/&*

*,:Q) !;i )h\*h 9)h *`*, >+ != )* 0hi )X *a*, :Q*,.

Vận chuyểntích cực


20/51Fig. 4-! p. "

#$n$%&cch&'i(e%! the en( p'$(uct% $) c&'*$hy('&te(ige%ti$n! ente' the c&pi++&'ie% $) the inte%tin&+ vi++i.

,n the +ive'!g&+&ct$%e&n( )'uct$%e&'e c$nve'te(t$ g+uc$%e.

Sm&++ inte%tine

#$n$%&cch&'i(e% t'&ve+ t$the +ive' vi& the p$'t&+ vein.

Steppe( 't


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M%*%s#))h#i'e #$s%0ti%*

216S%/)e bhit*e&3R%(es, Understand nutrition, 11th Ed)

R/>t *%*


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M%*%s#))h#i'e #$s%0ti%*

G/)%se != ,##)t%se :Q) h0 th/ t[ c*, />t !=% t $=% the% ) )h !W*)h/&* t?)h )V) thd 0ht 6se)%*'#& #)ti!e t#*s0%t7 )*, !;i i%* *#ti

2/)t%se :Q) h0 th/ t[ c*, />t !=% t $=% != t[ t $=% !=% m@)hm/ f/ the% ) )h 1h)h t* )X )ht m#*,.


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M%*%s#))h#i'e #$s%0ti%*

23

M/

T $=% $i/ mg


24/51

4#)t%se I*t%e#*)e

S&m0t%ms i*)/'e $%#ti*,+ #$'%mi*#'is)%m(%t+ #*' 'i#he#.

C#/ses i*)/'e #)t#se 'e(i)ie*)& '/e t% #

*#t/# 'e)e#se th#t %))/s "ith #,i*, %'#m#,e' i*testi*# !ii.

Pe!#e*)e

4%"est i* S)#*'i*#!i#*s #*' *%the*E/%0e#*s

Hi,hest i* S%/the#st Asi#*s #*' *#ti!e

N%th Amei)#*s


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4#)t%se I*t%e#*)e 3 Diet#& Ch#*,es

I*)e#se )%*s/m0ti%* %( mi1 0%'/)ts,#'/#&. Mi- '#i& "ith %the (%%'s.

S0e#' '#i& i*t#1e th%/,h%/t the '#&. Use %( #)i'%0hi/s mi1+ &%,/t+ #*'1e(i 6(eme*te' 0%'/)ts7

Use %( e*5&mes I*'i!i'/#i5#ti%* %( 'iets M/st $e )#e(/ th#t !it#mi* #*' mi*e#

'e(i)ie*)ies '% *%t 'e!e%0


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G/)%se met#$%ism

L. G/)%se 'V t '@*, ,&)%,e*

J. Sj 'F*, ,/)%se si*h *a*, :Q*,k. T@% # 0%tei*

l. T@% # 1et%* $%'iesn t[ ,/)%seo. T@% m t[ ,/)%se


27/51

G/)%se met#$%ism

The $%'& st%es ,/)%se #s ,&)%,e* i* i!e#*' m/s)e )es.

The $%'& /ses ,/)%se (% e*e,& i( ,&)%,e*

st%es #e #!#i#$e. I( ,&)%,e* st%es #e 'e0ete'+ the $%'&m#1es ,/)%se (%m 0%tei*.

G/)%*e%,e*esis is the )%*!esi%* %( 0%tei*

t% ,/)%se. P%tei*3s0#i*, #)ti%* is h#!i*, #'e_/#te

)#$%h&'#te i* the 'iet t% 0e!e*t the$e#1'%"* %( 0%tei* (% e*e,&.


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G/)%se met#$%ism

M#1i*, 1et%*e $%'ies (%m (#t(#,me*ts

The #))/m/#ti%* %( 1et%*e $%'ies i*the $%%' is )#e' 1et%sis.

et%sis /0sets the #)i'3$#se $##*)e i*the $%'&.

The $%'& )#* /se ,/)%se t% m#1e$%'& (#t "he* )#$%h&'#tes #e)%*s/me' e-)essi!e&.


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

M#i*t#i*i*, G/)%se H%me%st#sis 4%" $%%' ,/)%se m#& )#/se

'i55i*ess #*' "e#1*ess. Hi,h $%%' ,/)%se m#& )#/se

(#ti,/e. E-teme (/)t/#ti%*s )#* $e (#t#.


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

The Re,/#ti*, H%m%*esI*s/i* m%!es ,/)%se i*t% the)es #*' he0s t% %"e $%%'s/,# e!es.

G/)#,%* $i*,s ,/)%se %/t %(st%#,e #*' #ises $%%' s/,#e!es.


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

I*s/i* $i*'s t% its e)e0t% 6L7+ "hi)h+ i* t/*+st#ts m#*& 0%tei* #)ti!#ti%* )#s)#'es 6J7.These i*)/'e t#*s%)#ti%* %( G/t3l t#*s0%tet% the 0#sm# mem$#*e #*' i*(/- %( ,/)%se6k7+ ,&)%,e* s&*thesis 6l7+ ,&)%&sis 6o7+ #*'

(#tt& #)i' s&*thesis 6p7.


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

B##*)e ,/)%se "ithi* the *%m# #*,e $& e#ti*,$##*)e' me#s e,/#& "ith #'e_/#te )%m0e-)#$%h&'#tes.

B%%' ,/)%se )#* (# %/tsi'e the *%m# #*,e "ith

h&0%,&)emi# % 'i#$etes.


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

Phq* ,ii,&)%,e*

T^*, hQ0 ,/)%se

Phq* ,ii )ht $r%

Th]& 0hq* :*,

Tổng hợp glycogen

Tổng hợp acid béo

Tổng hợp triglycerideThủy phân đường


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(Whitney-Rolfes, Understand nutrition, 2008)


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(Whitney-Rolfes, Understand nutrition, 2008)


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Di#$etesT&0e L 'i#$etes is the ess )%mm%* t&0e

"ith *% i*s/i* 0%'/)e' $& the $%'&.T&0e J 'i#$etes is the m%e )%mm%*

t&0e "hee (#t )es esist i*s/i*.Pe'i#$etes is $%%' ,/)%se th#t is

hi,he th#* *%m# $/t $e%" the

'i#,*%sis %( 'i#$etes. H&0%,&)emi# is %" $%%' ,/)%se #*'

)#* %(te* $e )%*t%e' $& 'iet#& )h#*,es.

The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se


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The C%*st#*)& %( B%%' G/)%se

G&)emi) es0%*se is h%" _/i)1& the$%%' ,/)%se ises #*' ei)its #* i*s/i*es0%*se.

G&)emi) i*'e- )#ssi(ies (%%'s#))%'i*, t% thei 0%te*ti# (% #isi*,$%%' ,/)%se.

G&)emi) %#' e(es t% # (%%'’s ,&)emi)i*'e- #*' the #m%/*t %( )#$%h&'#tethe (%%' )%*t#i*s.

The $e*e(it %( the ,&)emi) i*'e- is


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He#th E((e)ts #*' Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %( S/,#s

S/,# 0%ses *% m#% he#th 0%$eme-)e0t 'e*t# )#ies.

E-)essi!e i*t#1es m#& 'is0#)e */tie*ts#*' )%*ti$/te t% %$esit&.

C%*s/mi*, (%%'s "ith #''e' s/,#ssh%/' $e imite'.

N#t/#& %))/i*, s/,#s (%m (/its+!e,et#$es #*' mi1 #e #))e0t#$es%/)es.


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2%%'s "ith #''e' s/,#s h#!e s/,#siste' #s # (ist i*,e'ie*t.

N/tie*t 'e(i)ie*)ies m#& 'e!e%0 (%m

the i*t#1e %( em0t& 1)#%ies. u/st $e)#/se # s/$st#*)e is *#t/# '%es

*%t me#* it is */titi%/s. 6E-#m0e h%*e&7

De*t# )#ies m#& $e )#/se' $& $#)tei#esi'i*, i* 'e*t# 0#_/e #*' the e*,th %(time s/,#s h#!e )%*t#)t "ith the teeth.



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Fig. 4-4! p.

En&me+

C&'ie%

/um

0u+p1*+$$(ve%%e+%!ne've%2

3$ne

$$tc&n&+

5e've

3+$$( ve%%e+

C'$6n

Steppe( 't

Dentin


44/51


E-)essi!e s/,# i*t#1e )#* )%*ti$/te t%the 'e!e%0me*t %( $%'& (#t.

S/,# m#& $e #$e t% #te $%%' i0i'

e!es #*' )%*ti$/te t% he#t 'ise#se i*s%me. Thee is *% s)ie*ti(i) e!i'e*)e th#t

s/,# )#/ses mis$eh#!i% i* )hi'e*

#*' )imi*# $eh#!i% i* #'/ts. Thee is # the%& th#t s/,# i*)e#ses

se%t%*i* e!es+ "hi)h )#* e#' t%

)#!i*,s #*' #''i)ti%*s.


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Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %( S/,#s The USDA 2%%' G/i'e st#tes th#t #''e'

s/,#s )#* $e i*)/'e' i* the 'iet #s 0#t %('is)eti%*#& 1)#%ies.

Dietary Guidelines st#te t% imit i*t#1e %((%%'s #*' $e!e#,es th#t #e hi,h i* #''e's/,#s.

DRI s/,,est #''e' s/,#s sh%/')%*ti$/te *% m%e th#* Jov %( # '#&’s t%t#e*e,& i*t#1e.

H th E(( t ' R ' ' I t 1 ( St h '


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He#th E((e)ts #*' Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %( St#)h #*'2i$es

M#& $e s%me 0%te)ti%* (%m he#t 'ise#se #*'st%1e S%/$e (i$es $i*' "ith $ie #*' thee$& %"e

$%%' )h%este% e!es.

2i$e m#& #s% 'is0#)e (#t i* the 'iet. Re'/)e the is1 %( t&0e J 'i#$etes $& 'e)e#si*,

,/)%se #$s%0ti%* E*h#*)e the he#th %( the GI t#)t "hi)h )#* the*

$%)1 the #$s%0ti%* %( /*"#*te' 0#ti)es M#& 0%te)t #,#i*st )%%* )#*)e $& em%!i*,

0%te*ti# )#*)e3)#/si*, #,e*ts (%m the $%'&

H th E(( t ' R ' ' I t 1 (


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P%m%te "ei,ht )%*t% $e)#/se)%m0e- )#$%h&'#tes 0%!i'e ess(#t #*' #''e' s/,#.

H#m(/ e((e)ts %( e-)essi!e (i$ei*t#1e

Dis0#)es e*e,& #*' */tie*t3'e*se

(%%'s A$'%mi*# 'is)%m(%t #*' 'iste*ti%* M#& i*te(ee "ith */tie*t #$s%0ti%*

He#th E((e)ts #*' Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %(St#)h #*' 2i$es


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Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %( St#)h #*' 2i$es

RDA (% )#$%h&'#te is LkK , 0e '#&+% lo3pov %( e*e,& i*t#1e.

D#i& w#/e is kKK ,#ms 0e '#&. Dietary Guidelines e*)%/#,e # !#iet&

%( "h%e ,#i*s+ !e,et#$es+ (/its #*'e,/mes '#i&.


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Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %( 2i$e

2DA e)%mme*'s Jo ,#ms (% # J+KKK31)#%ie 'iet. DRI #t Ll , 0e LKKK 1)#%ie i*t#1e 6Jx ,#ms (% #

J+KKK 1)#%ie 'iet7 Amei)#* Dieteti) Ass%)i#ti%* e)%mme*'s JK3ko ,

0e '#&. b%' He#th O,#*i5#ti%* s/,,ests *% m%e th#* lK

, 0e '#&.

H th E(( t ' R ' ' I t 1 (


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He#th E((e)ts #*' Re)%mme*'e' I*t#1es %(St#)h #*' 2i$es

2%m G/i'ei*es t% G%)eies /'&in% 8 e*)%/#,e "h%e ,#i*s 7eget&*+e% 8 st#)h& #*' *%*st#)h& !e,et#$es

'i((e i* )#$%h&'#te )%*te*t F'uit% 8 !#& i* "#te+ (i$e #*' s/,# )%*te*t #i+8% &n( #i+8 0'$(uct% 8 )%*t#i* )#$%h&'#te

)heese is %"

#e&t &n( #e&t +te'n&te% 8 me#ts #e %" $/t */ts#*' e,/mes h#!e s%me )#$%h&'#te 2%%' #$es ist ,#ms %( )#$%h&'#te+ (i$e #*'

s/,# st#)h ,#ms )#* $e )#)/#te'.


51/51

C#$%h&'#te i* (%%'s

STT T\* thV) 0hym C#$%h&'#tezLKK, thV)0hym a* :Q) 6,7

L Đ:*, 1?*h {{+k

J B>t s|* 'q& xl+k

k G@% t} ~p+Jl G@% *0 ~l+{

o N,g !=*, h@t 1hg p{+l

p ĐW/ e* 6h@t7 ok+k

~ C] s|* kp+lx H@t if/ Jx+~

{ h%#i #*, Jx+o

LK Ch/i ti\/ JJ+J

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Sự Tiêu Hóa Và Hấp Thụ Carbonhydrate