Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
This is the declassified report from France on use of Chemical Weapons in Syria. No English version could be found, so this was translated with the assistance of Google. Clearly there will be some errors of translation.
Citation preview
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
1
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
Synthesis of declassified National Intelligence
Syrian chemical program
Use of chemical agents by the regime
August 21, 2013
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
2
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
National Synthesis declassified intelligence
Syrian chemical program
Use of chemical agents by the regime
August 21, 2013
This document consists of declassified information from the French own sources. It is also based on a detailed technical analysis of open sources made by us. He finally gets some additional information obtained in the framework of cooperation with our key partners.
Syria has one larger operational stocks of chemical weapons in the world, as part of an ancient and diverse program that has long monitored the French services and our key partners. This program is a major threat in terms of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, whose reduction is a major goal of our defense, reaffirmed in the recent White Paper on defense and national security.
In fighting against committed opposition to the regime of President Assad, Damascus has used such weapons, including sarin, in limited attacks against its own people, particularly in April 2013. The analysis of the information we have now led to believe that, on 21 August 2013, the Syrian regime has launched an attack on some areas of the Damascus suburb of units held by the opposition, combining conventional means and use massive chemicals.
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
3
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
1. - Syrian chemical program
Syria has a longstanding therefore chemical arsenal, and many associated vectors. The Syrian regime has recognized 23 July 2012 by the voice of the spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has confirmed that "these weapons [chemical or unconventional] are stored and secured under the supervision of the armed forces”. Syria is not a party to the Convention for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (CWC) in 1993, as opposed to 189 countries in the world.
The program Syrian chemical began in the 1970s with the importation of chemical munitions. Since the 1980s, Damascus has undertaken to procure the materials, products and know-how necessary for the establishment of an autonomous capacity and massive domestic production in this area.
The nature of the Syrian chemical arsenal
More thousand tons of chemical warfare agents and precursors, Damascus has one of the world's largest operational stocks, with no prospect of planned destruction in the absence of desire to join Damascus to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
The arsenal Syrian chemical is particularly massive and diverse. It includes:
Several hundreds of tons of mustard gas stored in final form.
Tens of tons of VX. VX is the most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents.
Several hundreds of tons of sarin, which constitute the bulk of the stock.
Sarin and VX nerve organophosphates, are partly stored binary form, that is to say, preserved in the form of two chemicals, called precursors, which are mixed just before use. This technique and the associated procedures show a mastery of the technology of chemical weapons by the Syrian regime.
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
4
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
Syrian scientists also worked on the nitrogen mustard, vesicant first generation and an organophosphate nerve whose toxicity is greater than sarin.
The vectors
Damascus is able to implement its chemical weapons by a wide range of thousands of vectors:
SCUD missiles C, whose scope is 500 kilometers away. They are capable of carrying mustard gas, sarin or VX.
Of Scud B missiles, carrying sarin or VX 300 kilometers.
M600 missiles with a range of 250 300 kilometers. They may be responsible for each of the three aforementioned toxic.
SS21 missiles, suitable for the implementation of the three toxic agents war mentioned, but a smaller range (70 km).
Bombs Airlines, for transporting sarin. Depending on the model, they deliver between 100 and 300 liters of toxic agent.
Of artillery, including 302 and 320 mm rockets, designed to deliver mustard gas, sarin or VX at a shorter distance (50 km or less).
Some missiles can take up to several hundred liters of toxic agent.
Of observed for several years on Syrian test sites activities reflect that new modes of dispersion are being studied. In particular, since the beginning of the conflict, use our information confirms the regime ammunition carrying smaller volumes of chemical agents, adapted to a more targeted and localized tactical use. Goo
gle Tran
slated
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
5
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
Proven ability of carrying chemical weapons by Syrian vectors
VX Sarin Mustard Reach
SCUD C
500 km
SCUD B
300 km
M 600
250-300 km
SS21
70 km
Bomb
Rockets
50 km
Other tactical ammunition
Less than 50 km
It cannot be excluded that these tests have also been conducted with other types of chemicals diverted from their employees and civilian use lethal dose.
The chain of command and responsibilities
The program Syrian chemical revolves around the Center of Studies and Scientific Research (CERS). He is primarily responsible for the production of toxic warfare agents.
Its Branch 450 is responsible for filling operations of chemical munitions, but also the security of the sites and chemical stocks. Composed solely of Alawite military, this unit is characterized by a high loyalty to the regime.
Bashar al-Assad and some of the most influential members of his clan are only authorized to give the order to use chemical weapons. The order is then sent to the heads of the relevant branches of the ESRB. In parallel, the staff of the armed receives the order and decide targets, weapons and toxic to implement.
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
6
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
2. - Chemical attacks already carried out by the Syrian regime
Of case of use of chemical agents by the Syrian regime in attacks against areas held by the opposition for the purpose of reclamation of land or terror, were observed in recent months. The regime has violated its commitments since 1968 under the 1925 Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and of bacteriological methods of warfare.
The competent French authorities have recovered biomedical samples (blood, urine), environmental (soil) and materials (ammunition), taken from victims or on the sites of attacks Saraqeb, April 29, 2013, and Jobar in mid- April 2013. The analyses carried out have confirmed the use of sarin.
The 29 April, we know that the Syrian regime has led an attack against the town of Saraqeb, 30 km south-east of Idleb. A helicopter flew high over the city and dropped on the western districts of small ammunition giving white smoke. About twenty people were poisoned and evacuated to hospitals, where medical staff were poisoned by contamination transfer. The analyses confirmed that the agent was used sarin.
In mid-April, forty people were poisoned and evacuated in the eastern suburbs of Damascus, in the town of Jobar. The analysis of biomedical samples under conditions checked by our services, the victims of this attack also confirmed the use of sarin.
The attacks and proved showed that the forces of the regime of Bashar Assad adjusted their tactics and their ammunition stock targets of terror against the civilian population.
Past events and the simultaneous and massive chemical agents involved in the night of 21 August 2013 on the outskirts of Damascus confirm employment
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
7
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
so that the Syrian regime has deliberately crossed a threshold. Our services include information from national sources, suggesting that other actions of this nature could still be conducted.
3. - A massive and coordinated use of chemical agents against the civilians on 21 August
Based on a systematic technical analysis of 47 original videos events of August 21, a first count, district by district, the number of victims has been achieved. In view of the single sample videos have been identified at least 281 deaths, located in the East Ghouta (districts Ain Tarma, Douma, Erbin of Jobar, Kfar Batna of Qas Alaa, of Zamalka) and West (neighborhood Mudamiyat Sham).
Our information which confirms that in the hospital Duma, half of the victims are women and children and in 50% of cases, death is immediate. Doctors deduced that a high concentration of toxic has been used.
Other independent evaluations, for example performed by Doctors Without Borders, have reported at least 355 deaths. Several techniques counts, according to various sources, assess the balance about 1500 dead. The work done by our experts of modeling the impact of a chemical attack on the people of the sites listed are consistent with this number.
Besides the that victims do not carry personal injury and rattle symptoms are essentially generalized, nausea, vomiting, miosis, convulsions, much saliva, dyspnea, choking, unconsciousness, clinical signs consistent with poisoning by chemicals. Confirmed cases of cross-contamination of health care workers have been reported from several sources.
The observation of many infants suffering from severe symptoms
Transla
ted
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
8
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
(Including convulsions), on eight different sites, leads to the conclusion that staging or manipulation on the part of the opposition are very unlikely. These findings, as well as multiple video sources and testimonies, exclude any possibility of falsification by it.
The massive influx of patients in a very time runs in different hospitals, the number of victims and from several different sites, reinforced by the analysis of all the information at our disposal, are characteristic of the effects of an attack using chemical high lethality they confirm that a massive and coordinated attack was carried out in the night of 21 August 2013.
4. - The attack of 21 August could not have been ordered and conducted by the government
The attack combined August 21 meets a classic tactical approach (artillery preparation and ground offensive) and the use of chemical agents is integrated into a coherent tactical maneuver, the military, with the doctrine of employment of forces Syrian. Reliable information more partners report specific preparations the previous day on August 21.
Bombing Conventional air and artillery took place between three and four o'clock in the morning on the East Ghouta. In parallel, communities Zamalka, Kafr Batna and Ain Tarma were affected by chemical attack. At six in the morning, plan a ground offensive was launched on these locations.
Several sources report the use of artillery rockets, different from the stock of the most famous (missiles and bombs) munitions. Our technical analyzes confirm that the remains of rockets observed on this occasion, as in some previous point, lend themselves to the use of chemical agents. Goo
gle Tran
slated
Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifiéProgramme chimique syrien Cas d’emploi passés d’agents chimiques par le régime Attaque chimique conduite par le régime le 21 août 2013
9
This is a Google Translated Document – there may be errors of translation
The regime then conducted major land and air strikes on areas of the attacks. It sought to delay the arrival of inspectors for several days. This confirms a clear intention of destroying evidence after the fact. In addition, soldiers started fires, which presumably were intended to purify the atmosphere through air movement generated.
Our information confirms that the regime feared an attack on the scale of opposition to Damascus during this period. Our assessment is that the regime sought by this attack to loosen the grip and secure strategic sites for control of the capital. For example, the district Moadamiyé is located near the military airport of mezzeh, control of intelligence services of the Air Force.
Moreover, it clearly, the study of the application of point attack, that no one but the regime could be lashing out at strategic positions for the opposition.
Finally, we believe that the Syrian opposition has not capacity to conduct an operation of such magnitude with chemical agents. No group belonging to the Syrian insurrection has, at this stage, the ability to store and use these agents, let alone in a manner similar to that used on the night of August 21, 2013 in Damascus proportion. These groups do not have the experience or know-how to implement them, in particular by vectors such as those used in the attack on 21 August.
Transla
ted
