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Study

de Lange de Klerk (1994)Jacobs (1994)Whitmarsh (1997)Chapman (1999)Rastogi(a) (1999)Rastogi(b) (1999)Straumsheim (2000)Yakir (2001)Bonne (2003)Bell (2004)Jacobs(a) (2005)Jacobs(b) (2005)Thompson (2005)Fisher (2006)Sajedi (2008)Siebenwirth (2009)

Kainz (1996)Jacobs (2001)Cavalcanti (2003)WeatherleyJones (2004)Frass (2005)Brien (2010)

0.1 0.5 1 2 10

Odds Ratio OR

1.53

1.45

1.80

1.672.221.721.981.360.530.805.500.871.770.803.841.941.330.550.49

1.411.843.501.473.130.86

95%CI

[1.22; 1.91]

[1.12; 1.89]

[1.12; 2.87]

[0.96; 2.89] [1.00; 4.94] [0.69; 4.34] [0.72; 5.49] [0.45; 4.10] [0.17; 1.69] [0.34; 1.90]

[0.96; 31.62] [0.28; 2.73] [0.66; 4.72] [0.25; 2.57]

[1.06; 13.90] [0.66; 5.64] [0.34; 5.30] [0.09; 3.34] [0.07; 3.65]

[0.45; 4.45] [0.63; 5.36]

[0.55; 22.30] [0.62; 3.47] [1.10; 8.86] [0.16; 4.47]

Continuous Outcomes

RE Model

Dichotomous Outcomes

RE Model

RE Model

Favours placebo Favours homeopathyFigure 1

Figu

re 2

Studya

b

de Lange de Klerk (1994)Jacobs (1994)Kainz (1996)Chapman (1999)Straumsheim (2000)Jacobs (2001)Yakir (2001)Bonne (2003)Bell (2004)Frass (2005)Jacobs(a) (2005)Thompson (2005)

Whitmarsh (1997)Rastogi(a) (1999)Rastogi(b) (1999)Cavalcanti (2003)WeatherleyJones (2004)Jacobs(b) (2005)Fisher (2006)Sajedi (2008)Siebenwirth (2009)Brien (2010)

0.1 0.5 1 2 10

Odds Ratio OR

1.53

1.63

1.33

1.672.221.411.980.801.845.500.871.773.130.801.94

1.721.360.533.501.473.841.330.550.490.86

95%CI

[1.22; 1.91]

[1.24; 2.14]

[0.90; 1.98]

[0.96; 2.89] [1.00; 4.94] [0.45; 4.45] [0.72; 5.49] [0.34; 1.90] [0.63; 5.36]

[0.96; 31.62] [0.28; 2.73] [0.66; 4.72] [1.10; 8.86] [0.25; 2.57] [0.66; 5.64]

[0.69; 4.34] [0.45; 4.10] [0.17; 1.69]

[0.55; 22.30] [0.62; 3.47]

[1.06; 13.90] [0.34; 5.30] [0.09; 3.34] [0.07; 3.65] [0.16; 4.47]

Unclear RoB

RE Model

High RoB

RE Model

RE Model

Favours placebo Favours homeopathy

Study

de Lange de Klerk (1994)Kainz (1996)Chapman (1999)Straumsheim (2000)Yakir (2001)Bonne (2003)Frass (2005)Jacobs(a) (2005)Thompson (2005)

Jacobs (1994)Jacobs (2001)Bell (2004)

0.1 0.5 1 2 10

Odds Ratio OR

1.63

1.53

1.98

1.671.411.980.805.500.873.130.801.94

2.221.841.77

95%CI

[1.24; 2.14]

[1.09; 2.14]

[1.16; 3.38]

[0.96; 2.89] [0.45; 4.45] [0.72; 5.49] [0.34; 1.90] [0.96; 31.62] [0.28; 2.73] [1.10; 8.86] [0.25; 2.57] [0.66; 5.64]

[1.00; 4.94] [0.63; 5.36] [0.66; 4.72]

Nonreliable evidence

RE Model

Reliable evidence

RE Model

RE Model

Favours placebo Favours homeopathyFigure 3

All s

tudi

esR

emov

e C

2.5

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

2.1

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

1.4

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

1.3

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

1.2

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

1.1

stud

ies

Rem

ove C

1.0

stud

ies

Rem

ove B

6 st

udie

sR

emov

e B

4 st

udie

sR

emov

e B

3 st

udie

sR

emov

e B

2 st

udie

sB1

Rel

iabl

e st

udie

s on

ly

0.5

12

Odd

s Ra

tioO

R

1.53

1.60

1.63

1.66

1.64

1.65

1.66

1.63

1.65

1.64

1.66

1.77

1.98

95%

CI

[1.

22; 1

.91]

[1.

27; 2

.03]

[1.

29; 2

.06]

[1.

30; 2

.12]

[1.

28; 2

.09]

[1.

28; 2

.12]

[1.

28; 2

.17]

[1.

24; 2

.14]

[1.

24; 2

.18]

[1.

17; 2

.29]

[1.

17; 2

.34]

[1.

18; 2

.66]

[1.

16; 3

.38]

Favo

urs

pla

cebo

Favo

urs

hom

eopa

thy

Figu

re 4

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Included in previous global meta-analysis?

Yes

a

b

No

Pilot (feasibility)study?

Yes

No

Sample size > median for N= 22 trials?

Yes

No

Potency/potencies ofhomeopathic medicines 12C?

Yes

No

Data for meta-analysis were imputed?

Yes

No

Free of vested interest?

Yes

No

P = 0.42

P = 0.25

P = 0.20

P = 0.071

P = 0.95

P = 0.87

Odds Ratio: Homeopathy vs. Placebo (95% Confidence Interval)Favours HomeopathyFavours Placebo

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Included in previousglobal meta-analysis?

Yes

No

Pilot (feasibility)study?

Yes

No

Sample size > median for N= 22 trials?

Yes

No

Potency/potencies of homeopathic medicines 12C?

Yes

No

Data for meta-analysiswere imputed?

Yes

No

Free of vested interest?

Yes

No

P = 0.84

P = 065

P = 0.83

P = 0.12

P = 0.43

P = 0.86

Odds Ratio: Homeopathy vs. Placebo (95% Confidence Interval)Favours HomeopathyFavours Placebo

Figure 5

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Individual Homeopathy