: Non-CO2

1)*****

I.

II.

1.

2.

3.

III.

1.

2.

IV.

1.

2.

.

I.

, 1970 2004 70%

. , 21

6.4 (IPCC 4 , 2007).

.

1992 UN

(UNFCCC, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) , 1997

3 (Conference of the Parties)

(Kyoto Protocol) . 2009 15

* **

144 49(2010)

.

2008 60

Low Carbon, Green Growth .

2009 12 2010 4

. 2020

BAU 30% ,

Non-Annex1 .

,

(, 2005).

, ,

, , (,

2005).

,

. (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

IPCC) ,

. ,

(Country-specific emission factor)

. , Non-CO2 ,

,

.

Non-CO2

, .

.

1.

, ,

4 .

1, 2, 3 ,

(, , , , , ,

) Raw Mill .

145

(Separator) , Raw Mill .

(Silo) .

1,250~1,450

. ( )

,

.

. , ,

.

_ ..

,." ~ m ll 1!:\! 1I:I !lI 2.3ll!ll n fJ ~!I!l1I!!!ll !l '!UI/. Rn.'1I !"

a ~~

1)1 ~ !lf! rl .)) rj 3111 .11 11 CIU:I/II JJ!!!! !ltl JJ!!!!JI!I ; ~

146 49(2010)

Source and Sink Categories to be Assessed in Key Category Analysis Gases to be

AssessedCategory Code Category Title

Energy

1A2Fuel Combustion Activities - Manufacturing Industries and

ConstructionCO2, N2O, CH4

Industrial Processes and Product Use

2A1 Mineral Industry - Cement Industry CO2

* 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories

Suggested Aggregation level of analysis for Approach

2.

,

(, 2005). CO2

(CaCO3) . Non-CO2

, CH4 N2O , PFCs, HFCs, SF6

(CO2 Accournting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry; WBCSD, 2005).

2005 3,854

,

90% . , NSP SP

,

E

]{@ (? J.r CaSC ~~ ----------------------~

~

147

Lung Sampler

2003 2004 2005

(-CO2)

Gross 43,943 41,201 38,539

Net 43,089 40,001 37,420

: : Gross CO2 , Net .

(, 2008).

.

1.

. CO2 , CO2 .

CO2 Non-CO2(CH4, N2O) , Non-CO2

, .

CO2 (, ) ,

, Non-CO2 .

Non-CO2 2006 IPCC G/L ISO

11564:1998 ASTM D5835-95(Reapproved 2007) EPA Method

. ,

. Sample Conditioner

Tedlar Bag .

E

* 11: ; v

;;

148 49(2010)

Step 1 (concentration)

Item Volume concentration Mass concentration Flow rate

Sub-Item A B C

Unit ppm kg CO2/m3 m3/hr

Calculation A(16 or 44/22.4)106

Step 2 (Raw Data)

Item Net heating value Fuel consumption Heating Output

Sub-Item D E F

Unit TJ/Gg ton/hr TJ/hr

Calculation EF103

Step 3 (Emission)

Item Non-CO2 Emission

Sub-Item G

Unit kg Non-CO2/hr

Calculation BC

Step 4 (Emission Factor)

Item Non-CO2 Emission factor

Sub-Item H

Unit kg Non-CO2/TJ

Calculation G/F

Non-CO2

Conditioner Lung Sampler

.

Non-CO2 (Flame Ionization Dectector; FID) GC-FID

(Electron Capture Detector; ECD) GC-ECD CH4 N2O

. Non-CO2 4

. , 1 Non-CO2 ,

2 , 3 Non-CO2

4 Non-CO2 .

149

2.

(

, 2007) ( (CO2)

, 2007), ( , 2009),

( , 2009) .

Non-CO2 .

1)

2006 3

. 5

, Kiln Stack .

Non-CO2 30 8 .

1000 TOE

. 5 , 4 , 3 , 3

, . 1~2

.

2)

GC-FID(Model CP-3800, Varian, USA) CH4

, GC-ECD(Model CP-3800, Varian, USA) N2O .

(IKA-C2000, Germany) (Thermo

Finnigan-Flash EA 1112, USA) . TMS

, Non-CO2 .

CH4 N2O (Micro gas

chromatograph, TCD/FID) 3 .

, TMS

Non-CO2 .

3) Non-CO2

CH4 2.65 Kg/TJ(1.53 ~ 4.87

Kg/TJ), N2O 1.14 Kg/TJ(0.34 ~ 2.53 Kg/TJ) .

, .

150 49(2010)

(Kg/TJ)

CH4 N2O

2.65 1.14

2.83 1.37

Non-CO2 ( )

CH4(Kg/TJ) N2O(Kg/TJ)

24.8 0.9 9

+ 18.9 0.47

(10~20%)

Non-CO2 ( )

,

. CH4 2.83

Kg/TJ , N2O 1.37 Kg/TJ .

CH4 N2O .

CH4 24.8 Kg/TJ, N2O 0.9 Kg/TJ .

, CH4 23.8% 18.9 Kg/TJ

, N2O 47.8 % 0.47 Kg/TJ .

Non-CO2

.

, CH4 6.7 , N2O

0.66 .

. IPCC , CH4

IPCC 65 % . N2O IPCC

.

Non-CO2

.

.

151

/(Kg/TJ)

CH4 N2O

IPCC1)

2)

3)

4)

2.8318.91.01.51.01.5

1.370.47

--

0.83.0

1) IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories.2) Ministry of the Environment, Japan, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES, 2007,

National Inventory Report of Japan.3) Department of Environmental and Water Resources Australian Greenhouse Office, 2005, NATIONAL

GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 2003.4) Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, 2005, Denmark's National Inventory Report 2005.

Non-CO2

.

1.

Non-CO2

5 20 Non-CO2 . Non-CO2

.

A CH4

J

14.00

12.00

. c4

10.00 C 8.00. i c

6.00 c

U ------

-------------

4.00 ----

---- ----

----

----

-----

-----

2.00

0.00 Continuous Time

152 49(2010)

CH4

(Kg CH4/TJ)N2O

(Kg N2O/TJ)

2.83 1.37

1 4.87 2.53

1.53 0.34

1

A N2O

1 . 1

, CH4 1.7 ,

0.54 . N2O 1.8

0.25 .

Non-CO2 , ,

,

.

2.

(Uncertainty) ,

.

, , , , ,

1.80

1.60 . N20

1.40

. I .' ..... :'1 ---------- ---------- --0.

40 1 1 ......... .+. . ............ ----,.* ----- ---- -- -. . . . v

0.20

0.00

~onttiinnuuOL

153

(IPCC Guideline, 2006)

, .

IPCC G/L 5000 95 % lower, upper

. 95%

2.5~97.5% .

1 . 2.5% 0.7 97.5% 1.3

1.0 30% . 1

. 2.5% 0.5 97.5% 2 -50~

+100% .

Non-CO2 20 % -66~

+200 % , . Non-CO2

.

(IPCC Guideline, 2006)

Lack of completeness

Miss ing da ta I Model

\v lt" Misre porting or ~ / \ L - . . . I _ Lack of da ta misclass ifi ca tion """" r ulcertaintv l ~

" .... l Lack Measurement error . l - . ~ represenetativeness 01 da ta

Statistical random sampling error

-Em(] r-Em(

2 5 th

Percentile

o 2 E x ample E mission F actor

3

154 49(2010)

(IPCC Guideline, 2006)

95% 1) 2003 GHG

2)

3)

4)

CH4

50 Normal C, CS CS Winiwater and Rypdal, 2001

-75 to +10 T1, T2, CS CS, PS Monni et al, 2004

-50 to +100 Lognormal T2, CS D, CS, PS Rypdal, 1999

Order ofmagnitude - T1 D, CS EIA, 1999

N2O

20 Normal C, CS CS Winiwater and Rypdal, 2001

-75 to +10 Beta T1, T2, CS CS, PS Monni et al, 2004

-66 to +200 Beta T1, CS D, CS Rypdal, 1999

-55 to +200 - T1 D, CS EIA, 1999

1) 95% , 2) UNFCCC Annex 1 2003

.3) : T1(IPCC Tier 1), T2(IPCC Tier 2), T3(IPCC Tier 3), C

(CORINAIR), CS(Country-specific)4) : D(IPCC default), C(CORINAIR), CS(Country-specific), PS

(Plant-specific)

Non-CO2

-tm=-pmpga

3

Example Emission Factor

155

V.

Low Carbon, Green Growth ,

.

,

.

, .

CO2 Non-CO2 , CO2

. Non-CO2 , ,

. Non-CO2

CH4 6.7 , N2O

0.66 .

.

Non-CO2 ,

,

. ,

, Non-CO2

.

2010 (KETEP)

(No. 20100092).

, 2007, (CO2) , , 23(2): 158-168.

, 2009,

, .

156 49(2010)

, 2008, CO2

, , 24(2): 189-195., 2008, Good Practice ,

.

, 2008, 1 , .

, 2009, 2 , .

, 2005, Follow-up , .

, 2003, .

, 2007, , .

, 2010, , ., 2004, , .KS M 0031: 2002 .

KS E 3707: 2001 .

KS M 2057: 1997 - .

Center for Global Environmental Research, 2010, National Greenhouse Gas inventory Roport of

Japan, Center for Global Environmental Research.

IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories Volume 1, IPCC.

IPCC, 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories Volume 2, IPCC.

Martin Schneider, 2006, Climate Change - and CO2 reduction a Challenge for the cement industry,

VDZ, Dusseldorf, Germany.

US EPA, 2004 Environmental Technology verification report, Swine waste electric power and heat

porduction-martin machinery internal combustion engine, pp. s-5.

US EPA, 2000 Air-sampling method 1, 2, 3, 18.

Wight G.D., 1994 Fundamentals of Air sampling, Lewis Publishers, 135-184.

WBCSD, 2005, CO2 Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry, WBCSD.

WBCSD, 2009, Cement Technology Roadmap, WBCSD.

. . . . .