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St Augustine of Hippo
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I.INTORDU CTION
Our knowledge, understanding andappreciation of St. Augustine isimmeasurably enhance if we knowsomething of the age in which is lived. Itis often said that he was a man living onthe frontiers of two worlds, the ancientworld which was passing away and
medieval world which was coming intobeing.
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Today the contemporary pilgrim who
seeks to trace Augustines footsteps willprobably have to fly to the port of
Annaba formerly call Hippo, then drive (
or take the train) sixty miles to Soak-Ahras, Algeria known in the days of the
Roman empire as Thagaste.
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II. IMPORTANTPERSONS IN HIS LIFE
A. His Family
Monica - his mother
Patricius - his father
Navigius - his brother Perpetua - his sister who
became Superior of a religious
community for women.
Melania (?) - mother of his son
Adeodatus - his son
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B. His Friends
Alypius - the brother of my heart
Evodius - member of his Cassiciacum group
Severus - a part of his first community
Possidius - his biographer
Nebridius - his disciple in Italy
C. His Inspirers
Romanianus - Bishop ofMila
Victorinus - famous philosopher of the 4th
century.
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III. HIS LIFE
A.F
rom birth to conversionAugustine was born on Novermber 13, 354
at Thagaste. His mother, Monica, was a ferventChristian. Patricius, his father was a pagan who
was a small landholder and town councilor.Despite the familys limited resources, heprovided his son with all that was needed for hisgood education. He studied at Thagaste,
Madaura and Carthage. He taught rhetoric atCarthage, then at Rome and Milan. He was amaster of the Latin language and c.ultures yetnot in Greek
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At 19, reading Ciceros Hortensius, he wasconverte to the love of wisdom, which
disappointed by his reading of Scripture, hesought amon the Manichees, to whom headhered for 9 years. Having been disillusioned bythe weakness of the Manichean system, he
turned to skepticism. When in Milan, aged 32, hebegan the return-journey through St. Ambrosespreaching on the catholic interpretation of Scripture. He overcomes skepticism by
discovering by accepting the authority of thechurch. He overcome his materialism bydiscovering with the help ofPlatonism
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The true notion of evil. He overcome his
naturalism and problem of mediation by
reading St.Paul and recognizing Jesus Christ
as mediator of grace and Redeemer.
thus his return to the catholic faith was
complete. Yet his problem was how to live
the Chritisn ideals. After struggles, he chose
to abandon all worldly aspirations, including
marriage, and consecrated himself totally tothat ideal (Confess, 8, 6, 13-20, 30)
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B.From Conversion to priesthood (386-391).
Augustine withdrew to Cassisiacum (probably modern day Cassage Brianza), returned
to Milan the following March, followed
Ambroses catechism and was baptized by him
on the night of Holy Saturday, April 24-25. 387.
while planning to return to Aprica with his
family to carry out the holy aim of living
together in Gods service,M
onica died atO
stia.
Thus he returned to Rome and spent 8-10
months interesting himself in monastic life
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Returning to Africa, he settler at Thagastewhere together with those who were unitedto him he lived for God and instructed thosepresent and absent through discourses andbooks (Possidius).
C.From priesthood to episcopate (391-396)
Augustine went to Hippo to look for a placeto found a monastery and live iwht his brothers(Sermon 355, 2). There he was surprised by thepriesthood, which he reluctantly accepted as
Gods wish. As he had planned, he founded amonastery where he lived as priest and monk,following the way and rule established at thetime of the Apostles (Possidius)
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In 395, he was consecrated assistant bishop.Leaving the lay monastery, which would
become a seminary of priests and monksfor the whole of Afriaca (Possidius 11). Herwithdrew to a clerical monastery of Hippo(Sermon 355 and 356)
D.From episcopate to death (396-430)
Augustines pastoral activity:the church ofHippio: 1. preaching (2X a week Sat & Sun.
often on several consecutive says or even 2Xa day,) audientia episcopalls. Care for thepoor and orphan, training of the clergy,organization of mal e and femalemonasteries,
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Augustine died on August 28, 430.
History tells that a group of Africanbishops took the body of Augustine withthem while fleeing from the Vandals. Itwas deposited in Sardinia on payment
of gold equaling the weight ofAugustines body. A king of Lombardybrought it to Pavia where it was buriedin the church of Clel Doro. A relic of hisright forearm is retained in the Catheralof Hippo, pressent-day Annaba.
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THE WORKS OF AUGUSTINE
I. BOOKS
A. Autobiographical Works Confessions
Revisions
B. PHILOSOPHICAL DOGMATIC WORKS Dialogues
The Trinity
The City of God
On Christian BeliefC. PASTORAL WORKS
On Marriage and Virginity
On Morality and Christian Asceticism
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D. EXEGETICAL WORKS
Christian Instruction On Genesis
On the New Testament
On the OldT
estamentE. POLEMICAL WORKS
The Arian Debate
The Manichean Debate
The Donatist controversy
Answer to the Pelagians
Answer to the Sampelagians
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BIBLE
OBJECTIVES:
1.To define the nature of the Bible.
2.To memorize the books of the
Bible
.
3.To stir ones desire in reading the
Bible.
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I. THEMAIN SOURCES OFTHE CATHOLIC FAITH
Sacred Scripture and Sacred TraditionTogether they form one sacred deposit of the
word of God.
The churchs doctrines, morals and liturgy andworship are derived from these sources.
Sacred Scripture is the fundamental source in
proclaiming and educating in the faith because
it is a record of the divinely inspired word of
God
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II.The Bible: Basic Questions
A. Ta Biblia
The Bible comes from the Greek Word ta
biblia, The Books
A name well-chosen since the Bible is a
collection of many individual works, and not a
product of a single person. It is really a library.
The NT has 27 books. The OT has 39 books(in
Protestant and Jewish editions) or 46 ( inCatholic edition)
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B. The Bible as Scripture
What makes the Bible not simply a literaturebut a Scripture?
In FAITH, we hold it that the Bible contains
The Word of God. It is a source and record of
Gods revelation, ofHis Self-communication to
the world He created and His divine will.
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C. Nature of Sacred Scripture
Sacred Scripture is fundamentally differentfrom all other books ever written in human
history.
1.It is the inspired word of God.
2. Scripture is the living and active Word of God.
3.It is a story of Gods work in the world and the
human person gifted with intellect and will.
4. Sacred Scripture is Gods word in human
words.
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1.It is the inspired word of God
1.1T
his means that God guided thehuman authors to compose the written
accounts of his revelation to his people
1.2.He gave them a special grace calledDivine Inspiration.
D
ivine inspiration was not:a. as dictation from God to some human
secretary.
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b. a division of labor between God and the
writer where God wrote some parts of the
work and other parts were left to the human
author.
c. means of forcing writers against their will to
record what god wanted them to record.
Divine inspiration was the:
a. directing influence and guidance of the Holy
Spirit under which the sacred writers wrote all
that God wanted them to write (DV 11, CFC 85).
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1.3.Being a divinely book, Scripture enjoys
inerrancy.
a. This means that Scripture, teaches firmly,
faithfully and without error that truth, which
God wants, put into the Sacred writings for the
sake of the salvation of all.
Details about age, dates and order of events
and the like are not necessarily accurate. They
are not the salvific truth, which God is makingknown (DV 11, CFC 89).
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The religious message in Scripture is inerrant.
This message communicates the truth thatGod invites all to share in His divine life
through Jesus Christ in the Holy Spirit.
1.4.Scripture is inspiring because the word of
God uplifts and rouses faith in the lives of
people today. It talks about encounters of faith
to bring others to faith in God through the Spirit
of the Risen Crucified Lord.
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2. Scripture is the living and active Word of
God. - The word of God is the food of salvationand fountain of life of all people. God speaks to thereader of old. As the psalmist says, that today youwould hear his voice, don not harden your hearts
(Ps 95:7-8).3.It is a story of Gods work in the world
and the human person gifted with intellect
and will it continues through the story of
alienation from God through sin, Gods call of aparticular people to be the vehicle of his revelationand blessing and the climax of this saving,
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Reconciling, in the person, teaching, actions,
passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
4. Scripture is Gods word in human words.
the written words in Scripture are Gods words
through e words of the human authors. God
speaks in Sacred Scripture in human fashion. He
chose to be part of the human history byentering history long before the incarnation of
the Word in Jesus Christ. Instead of abandoning
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Humanity after the fall of Adam and
Eve, God patiently guided Adamsdescendants back to himself. He
chose to show and communicate
himself and his will that all people
may come to salvation. God
communicates in Scripture throughtangible signs of images, parables,
allegory, poetry, etc.
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Biblical Interpretation
St.Paul assert all scripture isinspired by God and is useful for
teaching, for refutation
, for correction, and for training
righteousness so that everyone who
belongs to God may be competent,
equipped for very good work (2 Tim.
3:16-17)
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1. Literal Sense teaches what happen
- establishes the historical event and
characters in the narrative of aparticular Scripture text.
Scripture - stories written from an experience
of faith.
- seek to instruct and bring others to
faith
- demand a fruitful and meaningful
interpretation that goes beyond thenarration of past events.
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Spiritual Sense:
a. allegorical what is to believed- points to Jesus Christ as the Lord
our Savior.
b. moral - What should be done- the moral sense of the Scripture
communicating a sense of urgency exhorts all to
respond immediately to Gods call to a covenantrelationship with him by following Jesus call to
discipleship (Mk.2:14)
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c. Anagogic - towards what we must hope for (CFC
94)
- directs the human person to be sharers in
the life of God in Jesus Christ through the
Spirit.
- brings hope in ones life today and in
anticipation of the eternal banquet.
- The renewed hope becomes an image that
becomes a pattern for Christian way of
thing and acting
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It is shared with others through story, by way of
living and in the celebration of the Churchs
prayers and sacraments especially the Eucharist.
The essential part of the
interpretation of Scripture is how
the Christian message is performed,
appropriated and lives out in onesdaily life.
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SACRED SCRIPTURE and SACREDTRADITION
Before the system of writing was developed,people has to depend on memorization for the
transmission of vital stories and facts that they
wanted later generations to know. This practice
of handling down stories, beliefs and customsby word of mouth is known as Oral Tradition.
With development of writing, such oral
traditions were put down in written form.
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The books of Scripture grew from tradition andthe list of canonical books came from theChurch. Guidance from the church id necessaryfor an authentic and meaningful interpretationof Sacred Scripture.
Division of Scripture
Sacred Scripture is divided into two parts: theOT and the NT.
Testament means a covenant that God mas withHis people.
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I. TWO PARTS OF THE BIBLE
A. Old TestamentB. New Testament
A. Old Testament Four Major Parts
1. Pentateuch/ 1st Five Books
2. History Books3. Wisdom & Poetry
4. Prophecy
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1. PENTATEUCH/ 1ST FIVE BOOKS
a. Genesis c. Leviticus d. Numbers
b.E
xodus d. Deuteronomy2. HISTORY BOOKS
a. Joshua b. Judges
c. Ruth d. 1 Samuel
e. 2 Samuel f. 1 Kingsg. 2 Kings h. 1 Chronicles
i. 2 Chronicles j. Ezra
k. Nehemiah l. Tobit
m. Judith n. Esther
o. 1 Maccabees p. 2 Maccabees
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n. Habakkuk o. Zephaniah
p. Haggai q. Zechariahr. Malachi
T
he OldT
estament- Is the story of the Israelites in the light of the
various covenants God made with them.
- It is largely a story of the infidelity of the
people, and of God unfailing love for
humanity.
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- is the collection of sacred of sacred
books of the Hebrews written over a
period of 9,000 years.
- it prepare and announces the coming of
a Messiah, The Redeemer.
Pentateuch
- refers to the first five books of Scripture.
- These books express Gods love for
humanity in creation, the fall and the
formation of Gods people.
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Historical Books
- not simply a historical events in ancient
times. These books describe how God
intervened in the history of his people.
- narrate all the difficulties and failures,and triumphs of the Israelites. These
books points to Gods steadfast love for
Israel amidst the peoples infidelity and
unrighteousness
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Wisdom
- wisdom books abound with proverbs and
simple saying full of wisdom. they also contain
the psalms or prayers of praise for the greatness
and goodness of God, of thanksgiving and love
for God, of trust in Gods power in times of fearand anxiety, and of lamentations for ones sins
and its effects on the person and other people.
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Prophetic Books
- the prophet appeared when the nation
became weak and eventually fell captive
to foreign nations.
- expressed Gods sense of justice, his
anger against deceit, and the oppression
of the poor and the weak
- Most importantly, prophetic books speak
of the coming messiah. These prophecies werefulfilled in Jesus Christ, the Son of God whobecame like us in all things but sin.
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B. The New Testament
1. Gospels2. History
3. Pauline and other letters
4. Catholic letters5. Apocalypse
I. Gospelsa. Matthew b. Mark
c. Luke d. John
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2. History
The Acts of the Apostles3. Pauline and Other Letters
a. Romans h. 1 Thessalonians
b. 1 Corinthians k. 2 Thessalonians
c. 2 Corinthians l. 1 Timothy
d. Galatians m. 2 Timothy
e. Ephesians n. Titus
f. Philippians o. Philemon
g. Colossians p. Hebrews
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4. Catholic Letters/Epistles
a. Jamesb. 1Peter 5. Apocalypse
c. 2 Peter a. Revelation
d. 1 John
e. 2 John
f. 3 John
g. Jude
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New Testaments
- presents how Gods plan for redemptionof all was achieved by sending his own divine
Son into the world. God made a final covenant
with his people sealed in the blood of Christ (1.
Cor. 11:25)
- the OT promise of God leads up to the
fulfillment of the promise in the NT. The OT can
be fully understood only in the light of itsfulfillment in the NT.
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- The NT contains twenty-seven bookswritten between 50-100 A.D. It was written in
Greek, and proclaims Jesus, the Messiah, theSon of God became man.
The Four Gospels
- tell about the life, words and deeds, andpassion, death and resurrection of Jesus.
- they conclude with the mission which theRisen Jesus gave to all believers to bring the
Good News to the whole world and the promiseof his abiding presence in disciples.
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The Acts of the Apostles
- is the continuation of the Gospel of St.Luke. This book describe how the first Christian
communities lived and worked, and how they
spread the Good News.
The Apostolic Letters
- the earliest in the NT contains the letter
of apostles. Most of them are from St. Paul but
some are from James, Peter, John and Jude,
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These letters giving practical instructions and
words of encouragement concerning Christian
faith practices addressed to members of early
Christian communities.
Revelation
- is the last book of the NT. It gives Johns
vision of the second coming of Christ, the
completion of the Kingdom of God.
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