PHU LUC 1

BO NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON CUC QUAN IS( CHAT LONG NONG LAM SAN VA THUY SAN

TAI LIEU TAP HUAN MEN TlifJ 9C CHUNG VE AN TOAN THVC PHAM NONG LAM THUY SAN

(CHO CHO CO So VA NGU'CiI TRUt TIEP SAN XUAT,

KINH DOANH THIX PHAM NONG LAM THUY SAN)

(kern theo Quy6` dinh so 3M /QD-QLCL ngayil/9/2014 ve vik ban hanh tai lieu tap huan va b."6 cau hoi danh gia kiern thirc

ye an town thvc pham Wong lam thicy san)

HANOI-NAM 2014

MVC LUC

NOi dung Trang

Bai 1: Cac quy dinh phap luat v" an toan thuc pham 2

Bai 2: Cac m6i nguy an toan thuc pham 21

Bai 3: Di'eu kin bao dam an toan thuc pham 30

Bai 4: Phuang phap bao dam an toan thuc pham 37

Bai 5: Thuc hanh tot an toan thuc pham 48

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BAI 1: MOT S6 QUY DINH PHAP LUAT VE AN TORN THVC PHAM

I. LUAT AN TOAN THUt PHAM:

LuSt An toan thuc pham da dtrac QuOc hOi nu& COng hoa xa hOi chit nglifa Viet Nam Khod XII thong qua tai lcST hop tit.* 7 ngay 17 thang 6 nam 2010.

Luat An toan thuc phAm có hieu luc thi hanh tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2011 va thay the Phap lenh ve sinh an toan thuc phArn.

Luat An toan thuc phAm ra dai cid kip thed khac phuc nhang han the cua Phap lenh Ve sinh an toan thuc pham nhu: nang cao hieu luc phap 1S, dm van ban phap luat ve an toan thuc pham, phan cong trach nhiem re) rang han glib cac ca quan, bo nganh quan 15f, an toan thuc pham, nang cao cite tai 15/ vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham, dap img kip thiyi vai phuang thirc quan 15, ve an toan thuc pham trong tinh hinh mai, hOi nhap quoc to va tang cuang han nira vai tro trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep, Ong &rig trong bao dam an toan thuc pham.

Duoi day la torn tat mot so not dung ca ban dm Luat An toan thuc pham, ntrimg not dung nay se gifip cho cac co san xuat, the Nen thuc pham nam clugc va to chirc thuc hien nghiem tuc cac quy dinh cua pith', luSt.

1. Pham vi dieu chinh cua Lu4t An toan thvc pham: - Luat nay quy dinh quyen va nghia vu cita c) chuc, ca nhan trong bao

dam an toan thuc pham; - Quy dinh ve dieu kien bao dam an toan doi vai thuc phAm, san xuat, kinh

doanh thuc pham va nhap lchau, xuat Ichau thuc pham; quang cao, ghi nhan dux pham;

- Quy dinh ve kiem nghiem thuc pham; phan tich nguy ca dOi vai an toan thuc pham; phong ngira, ngan chan va Ichac phuc sit co ve an toan thuc pham; thong tin, gido duc, truyen thong ye an toan thuc pham;

- Quy dinh ve trach nhiem quan ly nha nuov ve an toan thuc plAm.

2. Noi dung chinh cua Lu4t can hru SY:

Lust An toan thuc phAm Om: 11 chtrcmg, 72 DiL.

Chuang I: Nhiing quy dinh chung: Gam 6 Dieu (tir Dieu 1 den Dieu 6) Dieu 1: Pham vi dieu chinh Dieu 2: Giai thich tir ngfr. DiL 3: Nguyen tac quan Vi an toan thuc pham. 1) Bao dam an toan thuc pham la trach nhiem cua moi to chirc, ca nhan san

xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham. 2) San xuat, kinh doanh thuc phAm la host dOng có dieu kien; to chdc, ca

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nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc phdm phai chiu trach nhikn ve an toan doi yeti thuc phdm do minh san xuat, kinh doanh.

3) Quan 1T an toan thuc phdm phai teen ca so. quy chudn k5"/ thudt tuang quy dinh do ca quan quan 1/ nha nuac ca tham quyen ban hanh va tieu chuan do to chirc, ca nhan san xuat cong b8 ap dung.

4) Quan V/ an toan thuc phdm phai dugc thuc hien trong suat qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh thuc plidm ten ca sae phan tich nguy co. doi voi an toan thuc phdm.

5) Quan VI an toan thuc pham phai bao dam phan cong, phan cap re; rang va phai hop lien nganh.

6) Quan VT an toan thuc phdm phai dap Ung yeu cdu prat trie"n kinh to - xa hOi.

Dieu 4: Chinh sach cua Nha nuerc ye an toan thuc phdm. 1. Xay dung chitin lugc, quy hoach tang the ve bao dam an toan thuc pladm,

quy hoach vUng san xuat thuc pham an toan theo chuoi cung cap thuc pham dugc xac dinh la nhi'e'm vu trong tam Liu lien.

2. Sir dung nguan luc nha nuerc va cac nguan luc khac dau tu nghien ciru khoa hoc va ung dung cong nghe phuc vu viec phan tich nguy ca doi veri an toan thuc pham; xay dkmg nang cap mot so ph6ng thi nghiem dat tieu chuan khu vuc, quoc t6; nang cao rang luc cac phong thi nghiem phan tich hien co; ho tr dau tu xay dung cac \Tung san xuat nguyen lieu thuc pham an toan, chg dau moi nong san thuc phdm, ca soy gik mo gia suc, gia cam quy mo cong nghiep.

3. Khuyki khich cac ca san xuat, kinh doanh thuc phdm doi mai cong nghe, ma rOng quy mo san xuat; san xuat thuc pham chat luting cao, bao dam an toan; 1)8 sung vi chat dinh clueing thik y6u trong thuc phdrn; xay dung thuang hieu va plat trien he thong cung cap thuc pham an toan.

4. Thi& lap khuon kha phap ly va to chirc thuc hiki 10 trinh bdt buOc ap dung N thong Thuc hanh san xuat tot (GMP), Thuc hanh !long nghiep tot (GAP), Thuc hanh ve sinh tot (GHP), Phan tich nguy ca va kiem sok diem ted han (HACCP) va cac he thong quan V/ an toan thuc pham tier' tien khac trong qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

5. Ma rOng hop tac quac t6, ddy manh 1c)', ket di'eu uac, thoa thudn quac to ve cong nhan, thira nhan lan nhau trong link vuc thuc phdm.

6. Khen thuong kip thed to chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham an toan.

7. Khuye'n khich, tao dieu kin cho hOi, hip hOi, to chirc, ca nhan trong nuoc, , chirc, ca nhan nuoc ngoai dau tu, tham gia vao cac,hoat dOng xay dung tieu chuan, quy chuan thuat, kiem nghiem an toan thuc pham.

8. Tang ddu tu, da dang cac hinh thirc, phucmg thirc tuyen truyen, giao duc nang cao nhan thirc nguai dan ve tieu dung thuc phdm an toan, y thirc trach nhiem va dap duc kinh doanh cua to chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc phdm doi cong dong.

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Di'Ou 5: Nhang hanh vi bi cam

1. Sir dung nguyen liOu khong thuc loai dung cho thuc pham de ch6 bien thuc pham.

go 2. Sir dung nguyen liOu thuc pham da qua that han sir dung, khong ro ngu'on

goc, xuat xir hoac khong bao dam an toan de san xuat, the bien thuc pham. 3. Sir dung phu gia thuc pham, chat h'8 trig ch6 bien thtrc pham da qua thOi

han sir dung, ngoai danh muc dugc phep sir dung hoac trong danh muc dugc phep sir dung nhung vuot qua giai han cho phep; sir dung h6a chat 'thong ro ,nguon goc, hoa chat bi cam sir dung trong hoat clang san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

4. Sir dung dOng vat chit do bOnh, dich bOnh hoac chit khong ro nguyen nhan, bi tieu hily de san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

5. San xuat, kinh doanh: - Thuc pham vi pham quy dinh cua phap luat ve nhan hang Ma;

- Thuc pham khong phil hop vOi quy chuan k'S'T thuat Wang frng; - Thuc pham bi biL chat; - Thuc pham c6 chua chat d8c hai hoac nhiem chat d8c, tac nhan gay

nhiem vuot qua gied han cho phep; - Thuc pham c6 bao goi, 6 chira dung khong bao dam an toan hoac bi von,

rach, bien dang trong qua trinh van chuyen gay 8 nhiem thuc pham; - Thit hoac san pham dugc chO bien tic thit chua qua kiehm tra thu y hoac da

qua kiem tra nhung khong dat you cau; - Thuc pham khong &roc phep san xuat, kinh doanh de phong, ch8ng dich

bOnh;

- Thtrc pham chua dugc dang 14 ban cong bo hop quy tai ca quan nha nu& co tham quyen trong truong hop thuc pham do thuc din phai dugc dang lcS, ban cong bo hop quy;

- Thuc pham 'thong r8 ngti8n g8c, xuat xu hoac qua thai han sir dung. , 6. Sir dung phuang tin gay nhigm thuc pham, phucmg tin da van chuyen

chat crOc hai chug dugc tay rira sach de van chuyen nguyen liOu thuc pham, thuc pham.

7. Cung cap sai hoac gia mao kit qua kiehm nghiOm thuc pham.

8. Che dau, lam sai lOch,,x6a bo hiOn truong, bang chung ye' str co an toan thuc pham hoac cac hanh vi co khac can tra viOc phat hiOn, khac phuc sir co ve an toan thuc pham.

9. Nguoi mac bOnh truyen nhiem tham gia san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

10. San xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham tai co sa 'thong có gia'y chung nhan co so dieu kin an toan thuc pham theo quy dinh cua phap luat.

11. Quang cao thtrc pham sai su that, gay nham lan d8i vai nguOi tieu dung.

12. Dang tai, cong 138 thong tin sai lOch v'e an toan thtrc pham gay birc xuc cho xah8i hoac thiOt hai cho san xuat, kinh doanh.

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13. Sir dung trai phep long dtrang, via he, hanh lang, san chung, lOidi chung, dien tich phu chung de che bien, san xuat, kinh doanh thirc an chrOng pho.

Dieu 6: Xir ly vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham. Trong do Luat quy dinh mirc phat tier' doi yen hanh vi vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham vira theo hanh vi, vim theo gia tri hang Ma thuc pham vi pham. Cu the: "Mire phat lien doi vdi vi pham hanh chinh dugc thuc hien theo quy dinh cua phap luat ve xir ly vi pham hanh chinh; trung hop ap dung mirc phat cao nhat theo quy dinh cua phap luat ye xir ly vi pham hanh chinh ma van con thap han 07 lan gia tri thuc pham vi pham thi mire phat dugc op dung khong qua 07 lan gia tri thuc pham vi pham".

Chuang Quyen va nghia vu cita to ca nhan trong bac, dam an toan thtyc pham. Glint 3 Dieu (tir Dieu 7 den Dieu 9).

Dieu 7. Quyen va nghia vu cua to chirc, ca nhan san xuat thuc pham:

1. TO chirc, ca nhan san xuat thuc pham c6 cac quyen sau day:

, a) Quyet dinh va ding boc cac tieu chuan san pham do minh san xuat, cung cap; quyet dinh ap dung cac bien phap kiem sok not WO de bao dam an toan thuc pham;

b) Yeu cau tOchirc, ca nhan kinh doanh thuc pham hop tac trong viec thu hoi va xir ly thuc pham khong bao dam an toan;

c) Lua chon to chirc danh gia su phil hop, co so kiem nghiem da dugc chi dinh de chirng nhan hop quy;

d) Six dung clau hop chuan, du hop quy va cac dau hien khac cho san pham theo quy dinh cua phap luat;

d) Khieu nai, to cao, khOi kien theo quy dinh cua phap luat;

e) DIrgc bOi thtrOng thiet hai theo quy dinh cua phap luat.

2. TO chirc, ca nhan san xuat thuc pham có cac nghia vu sau day:

a) Tuan thu cac dieu kien bao dam an toan dOi voi thuc pham, bao dam an toan thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat va chiu trach nhiem ye an toan thuc pham do minh san xuat;

b) Tuan thu quy dinh cua Chinh phu ve tang ctrong vi chat dinh &lung ma thieu but se anh htro. ng den sire Ichoe cong (long;

c) Thong tin day du, chinh xac ve san pham tren nhan, bao bi, trong tai lieu kern theo thuc pham theo quy dinh &la phap luat ve nhan hang Ma;

d) Thiet lap quy trinh to kiem tra trong qua trinh san xuat thuc pham;

d) Thong tin trung thuc ve an toan thuc pham; canh bao kip the.i, day chinh xac ve nguy co gay mat an toan cua thuc pham, each phong ngira cho ngtraii ban hang va nguoi tieu dung; thong bao yeu cau ve van chuyen, hru giir, bao quan, sir dung thuc pham;

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e), Kip thoi ngimg san xuat,''thotig bao cho cac ben lien quan va có bien phap khac phuc hau qua khi phat hiL thuc pham khong an toan hoc khOng phu hop tieu chuan da cong bo alp dung, quy chuan ky thuat Wong img;

g) Ltru gift h6 so, mdu,thuc pham, cac thong tin can thiect theo quy dinh ve truy xuat nguon g6c thuc pham; thuc hiL quy dinh ve truy xuat nguon goc thuc pham khong bao dam an toan theo quy dinh tai Dieu 54 dm Luat nay;

h) Thu h6i, xir 15T thuc pham qua tho2ii han sir dung, khong bao dam an toan. Trong truong hop xir 1T bang hinh thIrc tieu huy thi viec tieu huy thuc pham phai tuan theo quy dinh cua phap luat ye bao ve moi truong, quy dinh khac cua phap luat c6 lien quan \Ta phai chiu toan 1)0 chi phi cho viec tieu hiiy do;

• i) Tuan thu quy dinh phap 1*, quye't dinh ve thanh tra, kiem tra dm co quan nha nu6c c6 tham quyen;

k) Chi tra chi phi lay mail va kie'm nghie:rn theo quy dinh tai Di&I 48 dia Luat nay;

1)136i thuong th* hai theo quy dinh cua phap luat khi thuc pham khOng an toan do minh san xuat gay ra.

Dieu 8. Quyen va nghia vu cua to chirc, ca nhan kinh doanh thuc phain. Dieu 9. Quyen va nghia vu cua nguen tieu dimg thuc phdm

Chuang III: Dieu kien bao dam an toan thusc phAm. G6m 19 Dieu (Tir Dieu 10 den Dieu 18).

Dieu 10. Dieu kin chung ve bao dam an toan d6i v6i thuc phdm

1. Dap img quy chuankS/ thuat tuong img, tuan thu quy dinh ve gi6i han vi sinh vat gay bLh, du luting thu6c bao ve thuc vat, du luting thuoc thu y, kim loai n4ng, tac nhan gay '6 nhigm va cac chat khac trong thuc pham c6 the gay hai den sirc khoe, tinh mang con ngtroi.

2. Tay tUng loai thuc pham, ngoai cac quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu nay, thuc pham con phai dap img mot hoc mot so quy dinh sau day:

a) Quy dinh ve sir dung phu gia thgc pham, chat ho troy ch6 bin trong san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham;

b) Quy dinh •‘/' bao goi va ghi than thuc pham;

c) Quy dinh ve bao quan thuc pham.

Dieu 11. Dieu kiL bao dam an toan doi vai thuc pham tuoi song

1. Tuan thu cac dieu kin quy dinh tai Dieu 10 dm Luat nay.

2. Bao dam truy xuat dirge ngu6n g6c theo quy dinh tai Dieu 54 ciia Luat nay.

, 3. Co chung !than sinh y co quan y c6 thdm quyen d6i thuc mtuoi song c6 nguon goc tir dOng vat theo quy dinh cua phap luat ve thu y.

Dieu 12. Dieu kin bao dam an toan doi vai thuc phdm dd qua ch6 bin

1. Tuan this cac dieu kin quy dinh tai Dieu 10 dm Luat nay.

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2. Nguyen lieu ban dau tao nen thuc pham phai bac, dam an toan va gi* nguyen cac thuc t1nh von c6 cda no; cac nguyen lieu tao thanh thuc pham khong dugc tucmg tac voi nhau de tao ra cac san pham gay hai den sire khoe, tinh mang con nguiyi.

3. Thuc pham da qua the bien bao goi sari phai clang 14/ ban cong bO hop quy vai ca quan nha nuOc c6 tham quyen truoc khi luu thong teen thi truong.

Chinh phn quy dinh cu the viec clang 1c3', ban cong ba hop quy va tiled han cUa ban clang 14 cong bO hop quy dOi vOi thuc pham da qua che bien bao goi san.

Dieu 13. Dieu kien bao dam an toan d6i voi thuc pham tang cuong vi chat dinh dur'ng

Dieu 14. Dieu kien bao dam an toan d6i voi thuc pham chirc nang Dieu 15. Dieu kien bao dam an toan d6i voi thgc pham Nen dO"i gen Dieu 16. Dieu kien bao dam an toan doi vai thgc pham da qua chieu xa Dieu 17. Dieu kien bao dam an toan de;i voi phu gia thuc pham va chat h6'

tro the bien thuc pham Dieu 18. Dieu kien bao dam an toan doi voi dung cu, vat lieu bao goi, chda

dung thuc pham

Chuang IV: Dieu kien bdo dam an than thirc phAm trong san xuat, kinh doanh HITT pham. Bao gOm 5 Muc, 15 Dieu (tir Dieu 19 den Dieu 33)

Muc 1: Dieu kien chung ve bao dam an toan thuc pham trong san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

Dieu 19. Dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham d6i vai co so san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham. Trong do c6 quy dinh co so san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham phai bao dam cac diet' kien sau:

- Co dia diem, dien tich thich hop, c6 khoang each an toan d6i voi ngu6n gay d'Oc hai, nguon gay O nhiem va cac yeu to gay hai khac;

- Co du nu& dat quy chu'an ky thuat phuc vu san xuat, kinh doanh thgc pham;

- Co du trang thiet bi phil hop de xir 13'1 nguyen lieu, the Nen, dung goi, bao quan va van chuyen cac loai thgc pham khac nhau; co du trang thiet bi, dung cu, phuang tien tha va Ich* tang, nu& sat tang, thiet bi phong, chOng con trUng va d'Ong vat gay hai;

- Co he th6ng xir 15/ chit thai va duac van hanh thuskig xuyen theo quy dinh cua phap luat ye bao ve mOi truCmg;

- Duy tri cac dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham va luu gift ho so ve ngu6n gac, xuat xu nguyen lieu thuc pham va the tai lieu khac ve toan 1)0 qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham;

- Tuan thu quy dinh ve sue khoe, kien thirc va thue hanh cua nguui true tip san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham.

Dieu 20. Dieu kien bac) dam an toan thgc phAm trong bao quan thuv pham.

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Dieu 21. DiL kien bao dam an toan thuc pham trong van chuyen thuc pham. DiL 22. DiL kien bao dam an toan thuc pham trong san xuat, kinh doanh

thuc pham nho le.

Muc 2: Dieu kien bao dam an toan thgc pham trong san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham tuai song.

DiL 23. Dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham d6i veri ca sa san xuat thgc pham tuai song.

Muc 3: DiL kien bao dam an toan thuc pham trong so che, che bien thuc pham, kinh doanh thuc pham da qua che Nen.

, Dieu 25. Dieu kien bao dam an toan thgc pham dOi ved co so' so ch6, ch6 bien thuc pham.

Dieu 26. Dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham d6i voi nguyen lieu, phu gia thuc pham, chat ho tro che bien thuc pham, vi chat dinh duang dung de che bien thuc pham.

Chuang V: Cluing nh4n co' dieu ki0 an toan thiyc pham trong san xuat, kinh doanh thirc pham. GOm 4 Dieu (tir Dieu 34 de'n Dieu 37).

Di'L 34. DM Wong, dieu kien cap, thu hOi. Giay chung n1-14'n co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham

1. Co so duo.c cap Giay chung n1-14'n co sa du dieu kien an toan thuc pham khi c6 du cac diet' kien sau day:

a) Co du dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham phii hop \Ted tirng loci hinh san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham theo quy dinh tai Chuang IV dm Luat nay;

b) Co clang ky nganh, nghe kinh doanh thuc pham trong Giay Chung nh4n dang ky kinh doanh.

2. T6 chuc, ca nhan bi thu hoi Giay chung nhlan ca s& du dieu kien an toan thuc pham khi khOng du dieu kien quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu nay.

3. Chinh phu quy dinh cu the dOi,tuong khong thuc din cap Giay chUng nh4n co. so. dieu kien an toan thuc pham.

Dieu 35. Tham quyen cap, thu hoi Giay chi.mg then ca so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham

BO truOng BNNPTNT... Dieu 36. HO so, trinh tu, thu tuc cap Giay chirng n1-4n ca so du diet' kien an

toan thuc pham

, 1. HO so xin cap Giay chung nhan co' so. dieu kin. an toan thuc pham có:

a) Dan de nghi cap Giay chUng nh4n ca sa dti dieu kien an toan thuc pham;

b) Ban sao Giay chung nh4n clang ky kinh doanh;

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c) Ban thuyfet minh ve co sec vat chat, trang thi8t bi, dung cu bao dam dieu kien ve sinh an toan thgc pham theo quy dinh cda co quan quan 1/ nha nuac c6 tham quyen;

d) Giay xac nhan du sirc khoe,cda chd co so. va nguiyi truc tip san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham do co so. y to cap huyen tr& len cap;

d) Giay xac nhan da duoc taphuan ki6n fink ve an toan ve sinh thuc pham dm chili co so va cua ngtrai tnsc Tel) san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham theo quy dinh dm BO truang BO quan 13'T nganh.

2. Trinh tu, thu tuc cap Giay chi ng nhan co se( du diL kien an toan thuc pham duac quy dinh nhu sau:

, a) TO chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham nOp h6 so xin cap Giay chirng nhan co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham cho co quan nha nuac c6 tham quyen quy dinh tai Dieu 35 dm Luat nay;

b) Trong thai han 15 ngay, 1(8' tir,ngay nhan h6 so hop le, co. quan nha nuac c6 tham quyen kiem tra thuc to dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham tai co s& san xuat, kinh, doanh thgc pham; neu kien thi phai, cap Giay chirng nhan co. so. dieu kien an toan thuc pham; toeing hop tir choi thi phai tra led bang van ban va n8u ro 13'T do.

Dieu 37. Thai han hieu luc cua Giay chirng titian co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham

1. Giay chirng nhan co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham co hieu luc trong thai gian 03 nam.

2. Truac 06, thang tinh den ngay Giay chung nhan co. so. dieu kien an toan thuc pham het han, to chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham phai nOp h8 so xin cap lai Giay chirng nhan trong tru&ng hop tie') tuc san xuat, kinh doanh. Ho so, trinh tu, thu tuc cap lai &roc thuc hien theo quy dinh tai Dieu 36 cda Luat nay.

Chuang VI: Nh4p khau va xuat khAu time phAm. Georn 2 Muc, 5 Dieu (tie Dieu 38 den Dieu 42).

Muc 1: Dieu kien bao dam d6i voi thgc pham nhap khau Dieu 38. Dieu kien bao dam an toan dOi vai thuc pham nhap khan

, Dieu 39. Kim tra nha nu& ve an toan thuc pham d6i \fed thuc pham nhap khau

Dieu 40. Trinh tu, thu tuc \Ta phucmg thirc kiem tra nha nuac ve an toan thuc pham dOi vod thuc pham nhap khau.

Muc 2: Dieu kien bao dam an toan dOi vai thuc pham xuat khau Dieu 41. Dieu kien bao dam an toan dOi vai thuc pham xuat khau

1. Dap irng cac dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham cila Viet Nam.

2. Phu hop voi quy dinh ve an toan thuc pham cda nu& nhap khau theo

9

hop d6ng ho4c dieu ix& qu6c t6, thoa thu4n qu6c,te thira nhan lan nhau ye ket qua danh gia sir phii hop \Teri quoc gia, yung lanh filo c6 lien quan.

Dieu 42. Chirng nh4n d6i yai thirc pham xuat khau Chtrung VII: Quang cat), ghi nhfin thtyc phfim. Gtom 2 Dieu (tir Dieu 43 den

Dieu 44). Dieu 43. Quang cao thirc pham Dieu 44. Ghi nhan thirc pham Chu.ung,VIII: Kiem nghiem thuc phfim, phfin tich nguy co' dei vol an

toan thtyc phfim, phong ngira, ngan chan va khac phuc sty co ye an toan thirc phfim. Gem 4 Muc, 11 Dieu (tir Dieu 45 den Dieu 55).

Muc 1: Kiem nghiem thirc pham Dieu 45. Yeu cau d6i vai v* kiem nghiem thirc pham Dieu 46. Co s6 kiem nghiem thirc pham Dieu 47. Kiem nghiem phuc vu giai quyet tranh chap ve an toan thirc pham Dieu 48. Chi phi lay mau va kiem nghiem thirc pham Muc 2: Phan tich nguy co d6i \foci an toan thirc pham Dieu 49. D6i tugng phai dugc phan tich nguy co d6i ygi an toan thirc pham Dieu 50. Hoat d6ng phan tich nguy ca d6i \Teri an toan thirc pham Dieu 51. Trach nhiem thirc hien phan tich nguy co d6i \Tad an toan thirc

pham N

Muc 3: Phong ngira, ngan chan va khac phuc sty co ve an toan thgc pham Dieu 52. Phong ngira, ngan chan sir c6 ye an toan thirc pham Dieu 53. Khac phuc sir c6 ye an toan thirc pham Muc 4: Truy xuat ngu6n g6c thirc pham, thu hOi ya xir lf d6i ygi thirc pham

khong bao dam an toan. Dieu 54. Truy xuat nguon goc thirc pham doi y6i that phalli khong bao dam

an toan Dieu 55. Thu h6i va xir lf d6i yoi thirc pham khong bao dam an toan

1. Thirc pham phai dugc thu h6i trong cac trtrong hop sau day:

a) Thgc pham het thgi Ilan sir dung ma van ban tren thi truong;

b) Thirc pham khong phii hop \Teri quy chuan kyf thu4t tuang irng;

c) Thirc pham la san pham cong nghe mai chua dugc pile') luu hanh;

d) Thirc pham bi hu hong trong qua trinh bao quan, van chuyen, kinh doanh;

d) Thirc pham c6 chit cam sir dung hoc xuat hien tac nhan gay 6 nhiLl \TIM mix gigi han quy dinh;

10

e) Thuc pham nhap khau bi co quan c6 tham quyen nu& xuat khau, ntrac khac hoac to chirc quoc to thong bao c6 chira tac nhan gay O nhigm gay hai den sire khoe, tinh mang con ngtroi.

2. Thuc pham khong bao dam an toan bi thu h6i theo cac hinh thirc sau day:

a) Thu h6i to nguyen do to chdc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham to thuc hien;

b) Thu hOi bat buOc do Ca quan nha nuac c6 tham quyen yeu cAu d6i vai to chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham khong bao dam an toan.

3. Cac hinh thirc xir 15T thuc pham khong bao dam an toan bao gOm:

a) Khac phuc loi caa san pham, loi ghi nhan;

b) Chuyen muc dich sir dung;

c) Tai xuat;

d) Tieu hay.

4. T6 chirc, ca nhan ,san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham khong bao dam an toan c6 trach nhiem cong b8 thong tin ve san pham bi thu hoi va chiu trach nhiem thu hoi, xir 19 thuc pham khong bao dam an toan trong thai han do ca quan nha nuarc c6 tham quyen quyet dinh; chiu moi chi phi cho viec thu hoi, xir ly thuc pham khong bao dam an toan.

Trong truing hop qua tiled han thu hoi ma to chirc, ca nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham khOng thuc hien viec thu hoi thi bi aging the thu hoi theo quy dinh cita phap luat.

5. Cu quan nha nuoc c6 tham quyen c6 trach nhiem:

a) Can cir vao mirc di) vi pham ve dieu kien bao dam an toan, guy& dinh viec thu hoi, xir ly thuc pham khong bao dam an toan, thoi han hoan thanh viec thu hoi, xir 1y thuc pham khong bao dam an toan;

b) Kiem tra viec thu h6i thuc pham khong bao dam an toan,

c) Xir 1$, vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham theo tham quyen do phap luat quy dinh;

d) Trong truing hop thuc pham c6 nguy co gay anh huong nghiem trong doi \Ted sirc khoe ding &mg hoac cac truing hop khan cap khac, ca quan nha nuesc c6 tham quyen,truc tiep to chirc thu,h8i, xir thuc pham va yeu cau to chirc, nhan san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham khong bao dam an toan thanh toan chi phi cho viec thu hoi, xir ly thuc pham.

6. Bo truing BO Y t6, BO truing BO Mang nghiep va Phat trien Ming thin, BO truing 130 COng Thuang quy dinh cu the viec thu hoi va xir 15/ doi vii thuc pham khong bao dam an toan thuc Finh vuc dugc phan cong quart V/.

Chuang IX: Thong tin, Oa° due, truyen thong ve an toan thkrc phArn. GOm 5 Dieu (tir Dieu 56 den Dieu 60)

11

Dieu 56. Muc dich, yeu cau dia thong tin, giao due, truyen thong ye an toan thuc pham

Dieu 57. N6i dung thong tin, gido duc, truyen thong ve an toan thuc pham Dieu 58. DOi tugng tip can thong tin, gido duc, truyen thong ve an toan

thuc pham Dieu 59. Hinh thirc thong tin, gido duc, truyen thong ve an toan thuc pham

, Dieu 60. Trach nhiem trong thong tin, gido duc, truyen thong ve an toan thucpham

Chuang X: Quin IEST nha milk ye an toan thuc pham. Gom 3 Muc, 10 Dieu (tir Dieu 61 den Dieu 70)

Muc 1: Trach nhiem quail ly nha nuac ve an toan thkrc pham. Dieu 61. Trach nhiem quan ly nha nu& ve an toan thuc pham Dieu 62. Trach nhiem quan 1Y, nha nu& ve an toan thuc pham B6 Y t 6.

Trong do quy dinh B6 Y to co co trach nhiem quail lY an toan thkrc pham trong suet qua trinh san xuat, so che, che bien, bao quan, van chuyen, xuat khau, nhap khan, kinh doanh el& vai:

- Phu gia thkrc pham - Chat 118 trg the bin - Nuac u0ng &mg chai - Nuac khoang thien nhien - Thkrc pham chirc nang - Cac thuc pham khac theo quy dinh cua Chinh

- Quail lY an toan thuc pham, vai dung cu, vat lieu bao goi, club. dung thkrc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che Nen, kinh doanh thuc pham thu6c linh vuc dugc phan cong quan ly.

Thanh tra, kiem tra, xir ly vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, xuat khau, nhap khau, kinh doanh thuc pham thu6c linh vuc duvc phan cong quan 1Y. B6 Y to co quyen thanh tra, kiem tra d6t xuat doi von toan b0 qua trinh san xuat, nhap khau, kinh doanh thuc pham thu6c pham vi quan cac B6 khac khi can thiet.

Dieu 63. Trach nhiem cua B6 Nong nghiep va That tri6n nong then. Trong do quy dinh B6 NOng nghiep va phat trien nong then co trach nhiem ,quan lY an toan thuc pham trong suet qua trinh san xuat thu gom, giet mo, so che, Nen, bao quan, van chuyen, xuat khau, nhap khau, kinh doanh doi vOi cac san pham sau:

- Ngu die; - Thit va cac san pham tir thit - Thily san va san pham thuy san - Rau, cu, qua va san pham rau, cu, qua

12

- Trimg va cac san phAm ti trang - Sua tuai nguyen lieu - Mat ong va cac san phAm to mat ong - Thuc phAm Nen d6i gen - MuOi

- Cac 'long san thuc phAm khac theo quy dinh cua Chinh Thanh tra, kiem tra, 'dr ly vi pham phap luat...

Dieu 64. Trach nhiem cua BO Cong thuang. Trong do quy dinh BO COng thuang co trach nhiem quan VT an toan thuc pham trong suot qua trinh san xuat, the Nen, bao quan, van chuyen, xuat khau, nhap khau, kinh doanh doi voi the san pham sau:

- Cac loai nrou, bia.

- Nuac giai khat.

- Sua the Wen. - Dau thuc vat. - San pham the Nen tir bOt \Ta tinh bOt.

- Cac thuc phAm khac theo quy dinh cua Chinh Thanh tra, kiem tra, xir ly vi pham phap

Dieu 65. Trach nhiem quan ly nha nuov cua Uy ban nhan dan cac cap. Trong do, Luat quy dinh Uy ban nhan dan cac cap chiu trach nhiem quan VT an toan thgc pham teen dia ban; quan ly diet' kien bao dam an toan thuc pham doi vOi co s san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham, nho le, thirc throng pho, so doanh, dich vu &mg, an toan thuc pham tai cac clic/ tren dia ban va cac doi tugng theo phan cap quail VT; thanh tra, kiem tra, xir ly vi pham phap luat ve an toan thuc pham ten dia ban quan

Muc 2: Thanh tra an toan thuc phAm.

Dieu 66. Thanh tra ve an toan thuc phAtn. Dieu 67.1\10i dung thanh tra ve an toan thuc phAm. Muc 3: Kiem tra an toan thuc phAm. Dieu 68. Trach nhiem kiem tra an toan thuc phAm. Dieu 69. Quyen han va nhiem vu cua co quan quan VT an toan thuc pham

trong kiem tra an toan thuc pham

Dieu 70. Doan kiem tra

Chuang XI: Dieu khofin thi hanh. GOin 2 Dieu 71 va Dieu 72, quy dinh Hien ltrc thi hanh va Quy dinh chi tiet va htarng dan thi hanh.

II. MOT SO VAN BAN HU'ONG DAN LUAT AN TOAN THVC PHAM:

1. Nghi dinh 38/2012/ND-CP:

GOm 9 Chuang va 28 Dieu,quy dinh chi tiet mot so Dieu Luat ATTP ve:

13

Ncl

1. Cong b6 hop quy hoac cong b6 phu hop quy dinh an toan thuc pham.

2. Bao dam an toan thuc pham Nen doi gen.

3. Cap, thu hOi Giay chirng nhan ca set du dieu kien an toan thuc pham.

4. Kiem tra nha nuac ve an toan thuc pham d6i veri thuc pham nhap khan, xuat khau.

5. Ghi nhan thtrc

6. Phan cong trach nhiem quan ly nha nuac ve an toan thuc pham:

7. Thanh tra chuyen nganh ye an toan thuc pham Chucmg I. Quy dinh chung (g6m 2 Dieu ve pham vi dieu chinh va d6i

tugng ap dung) Chuang II. Cong bo hop quy va cong bo phil hop quy dinh ATTP (tir Dieu

3 den Dieu 9) Dieu 3. Cong 138 hop quy va cong bo phi' hop quy dinh an toan thuc pham 1. Thuc pham da qua che Nen bao goi san; phu gia thuc pham; chat ho tro

the bien thuc pham; dung cu, vat lieu bao goi, claim dung thuc pham (sau day goi chung la san pham) da c6 quy chuan ky thuat phai dugc cong 136 hop quy va clang Icf ban cong 136 hop quy voi co quan nha nuac c6 tham quyen tru6c khi dua ra km thong tren thi truemg.

2. San pham chua c6 quy chuan kSi thuat phai dugc cong b6 phi' hop quy dinh an toan thuc pham va clang 1()'T ban cong 136 phi.' hop quy dinh an toan thuc pham veri co quan nha nuac c6 tham quyen truov khi dua ra luu thong tren thi truemg cho den khi quy chuan kyr thuat tuong Ung dugc ban hanh va c6 hieu luc.

Dieu 4. Tiep nhan ban cong 136 hop quy va cong b6 phu hop quy dinh an toan thucrn pha

Dieu 5. Ho so cong bo hop quy doi vOi san pham da c6 quy chuan k57 thuat Dieu 6. Ho so cong bo phit hop quy dinh an toan thuc pham doi vai san

pham chua c6 quy chuan l(ST thuat Dieu 7. NOp ho so cong bo hop quy hoac cong 138 phu hop quy dinh an

toan thuc, pham Dieu 8. Cap lai Giay Tiep nhan ban cong bo hop quy va Giay Xac nhan

cong bo phu hop, quy dinh an toan thuc pham Dieu 9. Dau hop quy doi vOi san pham

Chuang IV. Cap thu h6i Giay chirng nhan co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham

Dieu 12. Cap giay chirng nhan co so du dieu kien an toan thuc pham

1. Viec cap giay chirng nhan co so dU dieu kien an toan thuc pham dugc thuc hien doi vOi tirng co so san xuat, kinh doanh; tirng nha may san xuat d6c lap tai mot dia diem (sau day goi tat la co so), trir cac truOng hop sau:

14

a) San xudt ban da'u nho le;

b) Kinh doanh thuc phdm nho le;

c) Ban hang rong;

d) Kinh doanh thuc phdm bao g6i san khong yeti cAu dieu kien bao quan dac biet theo quy dinh.

2. B6 truing B6 Y te, B6 truing B6 Nong nghip va Phat trien n6ng than, B6 truong B6 Cong Throng quy dinh thdm quyen cap, thu h6i gidy chimg nhan co si du dieu kiL an toan thuc pham thu6c rinh vuc &roc phan ding quan ly tai Dieu 62, 63, 64 oh Luat an toan thuc phdm va Nghi dinh nay va quy dinh phuang thi c quan ly dOi \Teri cac loci hinh san xudt, kinh doanh tai Diem a, b, c va d Khoan 1 DiL nay.

Dieu 13. Thu h6i gidy chung nhan co si du dieu kiL an toan thuc phdrn

Co set san xudt, kinh doanh thuc phdrn bi thu 1161 gidy chimg nhan co si du dieu kien an toan thuc phdrn trong twang hop:

1. T6 chdc, ca nhan san xudt, kinh doanh khong hoat diing nganh nghe kinh doanh thuc phdrn cid dang

2. Co quy& dinh cita co quan nha nu6c c6 thdrn quyen chuyen d6i nganh nghe kinh doanh tai co si

3. Co si san xudt, kinh doanh thuc phdm bi tuac quyen sir dung gidy chimg nhan theo quy dinh cua phap luat ve xir phat vi pham hanh chinh trong firth vuc an toan thuc phdm.

Chuang VI: Ghi nhan thuc pham: tir DiL 17 den Dieu 18

Chuang VII. Phan ding trach nhiem quan 1y nha nu& ve an toan thuc phAm: tir DiL 19 den Dieu 24

Chuang VIII. Thanh tra chuyen nganh ve an toan thuc phdm

Chuang IX. Dieu khoan thi hanh: hieu luc tir 11/6/2012

2. Thong tu• lien tich 13/2014/TTLT-BYT-BNNPTNT-BCT G6m 5 Chuang va 15 DiL, huong clan:

1. Phan ding va ph6i hop thuc hien trach nhiem quan ly nha nu6c v'e an

toan thuc phdm.

2. Phi hop trong thanh tra, kiem tra ve an toan thuc phdm.

3. Xac nhan kiL thirc ve an toan thuc phdm. Chuang I. Quy dinh chung: tir Dieu 1 den Dieu 2 ve pham vi dieu chinh va

15 CJ

i tucmg ap dung Chuang II, Chuang III. Phan cong va phi hop thuc hien trach nhiem quan

17 nha nuoc, thanh kiem tra ve an toan thuc phAm: dr Dieu 3 den Dieu 8, neu nguyen tac phan cong va trach nhiem 3 BO c6 lien quan, trung trong va dia phuong

Chuang IV. Xac nhan kien thirc an toan thuc pham Dieu 9. Co quan c6 tham quyen xac nhan tap huAn kien thirc ye an toan

thuc phAm

Cuc An toan thuc phArn — BO Y te, Cuc Quan 13'T ChAt luting NOng lam san

va Thuy san — BO Yong nghi'ep va Phat trien nong than, Vu Khoa hoc va Cong

nghe - BO Cong Thuong la co quan dAu mai tham muu va to chirc viec xac nhan

tap hudn kien thirc ve an toan thuc phAm thuc link vtrc quan ly dm Bo cho cac

co quan quan ly nha nu& cua nganh o Trung ucmg va dia phuang, theo nguyen

t'ac cap nao cap Gi'dy chirng nhan du dieu kien an toan thuc phAm cho co sa san

xuat, kinh doanh thi c6 quyen cap giay xac nhan tap huan kien thirc ye an toan

thuc phAm.

Dieu 10. HO so de nghi cap gidy xac nhan da dtrcyc tap huAn kien thirc ve an

toan thuc phAm

Ch6 co so va nguoi true tip san xuAt, kinh doanh thuc phAm c6 trach

nhiem giri mot 13,0 hO so de nghi cap giAy xac nhan tap huAn kien thtrc ve an toan

thuc phAm den co quan dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 9 dm Thong tu lien tich nay qua

duemg buu dien, nap truc tiep holac thong qua cong thong tin truc tuyen.

BO hO so bao

1. D6i v6i to chirc:

a) Don de nghi xac nhan tap hudn kien thirc ve an toan thuc phAm theo

Mau s6 Ola quy dinh tai Phu luc 3 ban hanh kern theo Thong tu lien tich nay;

b) Ban danh sach cac d6i Wong xin xac nhan tap huAn kien thirc ye an toan

thtrc phAm theo ML s6 Olb quy dinh tai Phu luc 3 ban hanh kern theo Thong tu

lien tich nay;

c) Ban sao GiAy chirng nhan dang ky doanh nghiep ho4c GiAy chimg nhan

hoat dOng cua chi nhanh,van phong dai din (c6 dau xac nhan dm to chirc);

16

d) Giay to chirng minh da n6p le phi theo quy dinh cua phap luat ye phi va

le phi.

2. DOi veri ca nhan:

a) Dan de nghi xac nhan tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thirc pham theo

Mau s6 Ola quy dinh tai Phu ltrc 3 ban hanh kern theo Thong tu lien tich nay;

b) Ban sao giay chirng minh thu nhan dan;

c) Gidy to chtrng minh da n6p 1e phi theo quy dinh cfra phap luat ve phi va

le phi.

Dieu 11. Quy trinh xac nhan tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham

1. Trong thoi gian 10 ngay lam viec ke tir khi nhan dugc ho so day du \Ta

hop le, co quan c6 tham quyen quy dinh tai Dieu 9 cila Thong tu lien tich nay lap

ke hoach de xac nhan kien thirc ve an toan dux pham va giri thong bao thoi gian

tien hanh xac nhan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham cho to chirc, ca nhan.

2. Kiem tra kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham bang b6 cau hoi danh gia kien

thirc ve an toan thtrc pham theo linh vtrc quan 1)'T.

3. Gidy xac nhan da dugc tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham dugc

cap cho nhirng ngugi tra loci dung 80% so cau hoi tra len 6. mai phan cau h6i kien

-auk chung va cau h6i kien fink chuyen nganh. Trong tiled gian 03 ngay lam viec

ke tir ngay tham gia danh gia (ngay kiem tra) co quan c6 than' quyen quy dinh tai

Dieu 9 Thong to lien tich nay c6 trach nhiem cap giay xac nhan. ML giay xac

nhan da dugc tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham theo ML s6 02a quy dinh

tai Phu ltic 3 ban hanh kern theo Thong tu lien tich nay.

Dieu 12. Quan1)'7Giay xac nhan tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham

1. Giay xac nhan da dugc tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham c6 hieu

ltrc 03 Warn ice tir ngay cap.

2. Cac ca nhan da dugc co. quan quy dinh tai Dieu 9 cfra Thong tu lien tich nay xac nhan tap huan kien thirc ve an toan thtrc pham se dugc thira nhan khi lam viec tai co so san xudt, kinh doanh cac nh6m san pham tuang ttr.

Dieu 13. Quy dinh ye not dung va b6 cau h6i danh gia kien thirc ATTP Chuang V. Dieu khoan thi hanh

3. Ngoai ra, de trien khai cac nhiem vu du•o'c phan cong tai LOt va Nghi dinh:

17

a) BO Y 4 ban hanh cac van ban quy dinh chung:

- Thong tu 15/2012/TT-BYT quy dinh dieu kien chung bao dam ATTP d6i voi co sac san xuat kinh doanh thuc pham;

- Thong tu 27/2012/TT-BYT hhung clan guar' ly phu gia thuc pham;

- Thong tu 24/2013/TT-BYT quy dinh mUc gioi han toi da thuc thU y trong thuc pham;

- Cac QCKT quec gia:

+ QCVN 01:2009/BYT Quy chuan kS, thuat quec gia d6i voi nuac an ueng

+ QCVN 8-1 :2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia del voi gioi han 6 nhiem dec to vi nam trong thuc pham

+ QCVN 8-2 :2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia d6i voi giai han o nhiem kim loai n4ng trong thuc pham

+ QCVN 4-18:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia ve Phu gia thgc pham - Nhom the pham tinh bet;

+ QCVN 4-19:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia ve Phu gia thuc pham - Enzym;

+ QCVN 4-20:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia ve Phu gia thgc pham - Nhom chat lam bong;

+ QCVN 4-21:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia ve Phu gia thgc pham - Nhom chat lam day;

+ QCVN 4-22:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quec gia ve Phu gia thgc phAm - Nh6m chat nhu h6a;

+ QCVN 4-23:2011/BYT Quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ve Phu gia thuc pham - Nhom chat tao bet.

+ QCVN 8-3: 2012/BYT - Quy chuan ky thu4t queic gia d6i voi o nhiem vi sinh vat trong thuc pham.

- Quyet dinh 46/2007/QD-BYT ngay 19/12/2007 dm Be Y to quy dinh gioi han t6i da 6 nhiem sinh hoc va hoa hoc trong thuc pham

b) BO Non nghiep va Phat trien 'long thOn ban hanh cac van ban quy dinh, hirtrng dAn trien khai dOi vo'i cac d8i firm thuc pham vi quan 1ST:

- Thong tu se 15/2009/TT-BNN ngay 17/3/2009 cUa Be Ming nghiep va Phat trien nong them ban hanh Danh muc thuoc, hod chat, khang sinh cam sir dung, han the sir dung va cac Thong tu sira doi, bo sung Thong tu 15/2009/TT-BNN;

- Thong tu 60/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 25/10/2010 Quy dinh dieu kien ve sinh thu y doi voi co so giet mo

- Thong tu 61/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 25/10/2010 Quy dinh dieu kien ve sinh thu y del voi co soy giet me gia cam

18

- Thong tu so 03/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngdy 21/01/2011 quy dinh ye truy xuat nguon goc va thu hai san pham khong dam bao chat luang, an toan thuc pham trong linh vuc thUy san;

- Thong tu se) 13/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 16/3/2011 huang clan viec kiem tra an toan thuc pham hang Ma có nguZin goc thuc vat nhap khau va Thong tu so 05/2013/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 21/1/2013 Sira dOi, 138' sung mot so dieu cua Thong tu so 13/2011/TT-BNNPTNT;

- Thong to so 14/20,11/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 29/03/2011 quy dinh viec kiem tra, danh gia co so. sari xuat kinh doanh vat tu nong nghiep va san pham nong lam they san;

- Thong tu so 75/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 31/10/2011 cila BO Ming nghiep va Phat trien nong thon quy dinh ye dang kg va xac nhan not dung quang cao thuc pham thuc rinh vuc quail 13', dm BO Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon.

- Thong to so 10/2012/TT-BNNUNT ngay 22/2/2012 ciia BO NOng nghiep va PTNT ban hanh Danh muc thuoc bao ve thuc vat doge phep sir, dung, han the sir dung, cam sir dung a Viet Nam va cac Thong tu sira bo sung Thong to so 10/2012/TT-BNNPTNT;

- Thong tu so 55/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 31/10/2012 huang clan thii tuc chi dinh to chirc cluing nhan hop quy va dog be) hop quy thuc pham vi quan lg dm BO Ming nghiep va That trien nong thon;

- Thong to so 59/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 09/11/2012 quy dinh ve quan lg san xuat rau, qua va the an toan;

- Thong tu so 61/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngdy 13/11/2012 quy dinh giam sat an toan thuc pham thily san sau thu hoach

Thong to so 01/20,13/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 04/1/2013 the

bO sung mOt so dieu dm Thong tu so 14/2011/TT-BNNPTNT va thay the mOt so Neu mau duot ban hanh kern theo Thong tu so 53/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 02/8/2011;

- Thong tu so 02/2013/TT-BNNPTNT nOy 05/1/2013 quy dinh phan tich nguy CO va quip 1)", an toan thuc pham theo chuoi san xuat kinh doanh tieing lam thily san va muoi;

- Thong tu so 48/2013/TT-BNNPTNT nsay 12/11/2013 quy dinh ve kiem tra, chirng nhan an toan thuc pham thily san xuat khau;

- Thong tu so 49/2913/TT-BNNPTNT ng4y 19/11/2013 huang cfan tieu chi xac dinh viing san xuat tong trot tap trung du diet' kien an toan thuc pham.

- Cac Quy chuan 1c5, thuat quOc gia ve dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham ca

+ Cac Quy chuank'y thuat quOc gia ve dieu kien an toan ve sinh thuc pham trong san xuat thug san ban hanh kern theo Thong to so 47/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 31/7/2009 va 02/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 09/ 01/2012 dm BO truang BO Nong nghiep va PTNT. Thong tu 02 CS main, kho nho

19

+ QCVN 01-07:2009/BNNPTNT: Quy chuan ky thuat qu6c gia v'e Ca so ehe bien the - DiL kien dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham; QCVN 01- 09/BNNPTNT: Quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ye ca so, the Nen rau qua - Dieu kien dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham; QCVN 08 : 2009/BNNPTNT: Quy chuan ky thuat qu6c gia ve Ca ser the bien dieu — Dieu kien dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham; QCVN 01-06 : 2009/BNNPTNT: Quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ve Ca soy the bie'n ca phe — DiL kien dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham; QCVN 01-05 :2009/BNNPTNT: Quy chuan ky thuat qu6c gia ve Ca so, gong g6i thit gia sue, gia cam tuai song; QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT: QCVN d6i yeti rau, qua, the btap tuai du dieu kien bao dam an toan thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, so ch6.

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BAI 2: CAC MOI NGUY AN TOAN THVC PHAM

I. MOT SO KHAI NIEM CO BAN:

1. The nao la moi nguy?

1. La the nhan sinh hoc, hod hoc hay vat 17 c6 trong thirc phdm hodc dieu kien thirc pham c6 kha nang gay hdi cho sire khoe con nguei. (Dieu 3 Thong to 02/2013/TT-BNNPTNT)

2. The nao la o nhiem thirc phAm?

La six xudt hien tdc nhan lam thgc phdm bi O nhiem, gay hdi den sire khOe, tinh mang con nguoi (Dieu 2 Ludt ATTP).

3. The nao la nguy co. o nhiem thirc phAm?

La khd Wang cdc tdc nhan gay O nhiem xam nhdp \Tao thirc phdm trong qud trinh san xudt, kinh doanh (Dieu 2 Ludt ATTP).

II. PHAN LOAI MOI NGUY O NHIEM THVC PHAM:

Co 3 loci m6i nguy an town thirc phdm ld: m6i nguy sinh hoc, m6i nguy hod hoc va mOi nguy nguy vdt

Nhdn dien nguon goc cac moi nguy ATTP theo qud trinh san xuat nhu sau:

21

°C

100

75

60

4 0

-12 NHIET 09 BONG LANH

Nh* dp (tong lanh ngan chan moi str sinh san cua vi khuAn

NHIET DO TU LANH

Vi khan gay ng0' ac thtrc pham khong sinh san dtroc nh* dO nay

KHOANG NHIET DO NGUY HIEM

c/0 trong khoang nay ginp cho vi khuAn sinh san nhanh chOng, ke ca vi khan gay ngO clOc thtrc pham

NHIET DO NireiC SOI (1000 C)

NAu an nh* a nay thl hAu het vi khuAn au bi tieu diet

NHIET DO VUA HU NONG

Ngan chan &roc str tang trtrang cua vi khuan

1. Moi nguy sinh hoc:

La cdc loci vi khuan, virus, ki sinh trang, ndm có trong thkrc pham, CO the gay hai cho nguai tieu

1.1. Mai nguy 0 nhiam do vi khuan:

Vi khuan mei nguy hay gap nhat trong cdc mei nguy gay 6 nhfem thvc phAm. Theo thong ke 50-60% cdc vu nge dee thkrc pham O. Viet Nam la do vi khuan gay ra.

Vi khuan CO a khap moi nai, dac biet phan, nu& thai, rdc, bvi, thvc pham tuai , song ld chira nhieu lc* vi khuan gay benh. Ngay a co the nguai ding có rat nhieu loci vi khan, chap cu tit a da, ban tay, a mieng, &rang ho hap, duang tieu hod, be phan sinh dvc, fiat nieu...

E. coli Salmonella Vibrio Clostridium

Vi khuan sinh san bang cdch nhan doi, tee do nhan va sinh ten caa vi khuan plw thuec nhieu yeu to nhu oxy, nhiet de, de am, de acid... Trong dieu kien thich hop, vi khuan sinh san rat nhanh, có the nhan gap doi sau 20 phut, to met con vi khuan sau 8 gia nhan thanh xap xi 17.000.000 con. Phan lan vi khan cO the ton tai va phat trien nhiet do 10 - 60°C va bi tieu diet a nhiet do soi (100°C) Nhiet do lir 25 - 45°C rat thuan lgi cho hau het cdc vi khuan trong thkrc pham phdt trien gay nguy hiem, vi vay fink an da nau chin, nen an ngay, kh6ng nen de a nhiet de phOng qud 2 gia. 0 nhiet dO lanh (duai 3 °C) hau nhu vi khan khong sinh san, neu co thi rat chain (hru ST, co mot so vi,khan van co the phat trien &roc nhiet dO 3-10°C). Trong dieu kien dOng bang, hau het vi khan khong sinh san &roc. Dun soi va thanh tang diet dugc vi khan trong vdi phut. Tuy nhien, met so vi khan sinh bdo tohoac dee , chiu nhiet do met so vi khan tiet ra CO the khong bi tieu diet hay phd hay bai nhiet de soli.

Hinh ve nhik't clo anh huromg d6n sir phat trien cua vi khuan

a. Escherichia coli:

- Nh6m E. coli gay benh (Entero pathogenic E. coli - EPEC) : gay viem runt va ia chay a tre em, tao thanh dich hoac le -re.

- Nhom E. coli xam nhap (Enterovesive E. coli EIEC) : vi khuan xam nhap vao runt gia, gay ia chay giong ly, tivc trimg nen goi là Shigella-like.

- Nhom E. coli sinh d6c to runt (Enteroxigenic - ETEC) : day la, tac nhan gay ia chay quan trong nhat. Nh6m nay gay ra nhang vu dich ia chay kieu dich to

tre em va ca a nguai 16.n. D6c to runt loai ST: chiu dtrov nhiet, con loai LT kh6ng chiu nhiet.

- Nhom Enterohemorrhayic E. coli - EHEC : gay xuat huyet duang runt, ia chay, phan c6 mau, gay h6i chirng suy than Wang ne.

b. Salmonella sp :

Luang Salmonella nh6 nhat c6 the gay d6c cho nguai khoang 20 t6 bao. Benh canh cua nguai bi nhiem Salmonella c6 2 dang chinh: Benh thuang han va benh nhiem d6c nhiem trung do thirc an.

- Gay benh thucmg han: do S. typhi va S. paratyphi gay nen. Trong benh thuang han hien tuang toan than chiem uu the han nhang trieu chirng da day, runt. Thai kST a benh 7 - 15 ngay.

Sau d6 di qua vach niem mac theo dong mau di khap ca the, gay nhigm khuan mau. Vi khuan phut trien manh a mac treo runt, gay nhiem trong mat, duang tiet lieu, c6 the xay ra mung mu cac khap xucmg, mang phoi, mang nao.

- Benh nhigm d6c: ng6 d6c thirc an do nhigm Salmonella, xay ra khi an thirc an c6 nhiem vi khuan con song. Vi khuan theo thirc an, nuac uong vao duang tieu h6a va cu tru runt non. Tac nhan gay benh la S. typhimurium va S. enteritidis. Vi khuan qua duemg tieu hod, bum vao niem mac runt gay mat nuac. Cac trieu chirng ng6 d6c xuat hien sau 8 - 12 gia la non mira va ia chay d6t ng6t, sot cao, dau dau, an lanh. Benh keo dai 2 - 3 ngay. Phan lan nguai benh hoi phuc song cling c6 nhfing truemg hop tir vong, dac biet a nguai gia va tre so. sinh.

- Nhiem trong tiem tang, rat clang chid y ve phucmg dien dich to hoc. Nhimg nguai sau khi khol benh thuang han, van bai tiet Salmonella trong nhieu tan sau khi khoi benh. M6t so nguai bai tiet Salmonella trong nhieu thang, co nguai mang mam benh man tinh trong nhieu num.

c. Shigella. sp:

Shigella la tac nhan gay benh ly, tnic khuan. Trieu chirng thay d6i tin nhigm benh khong dau hieu hoac ia chay nhe den benh ly, vai dac diem la: gay ly, true khuan bang not d6c to theo ca the xam nhap. Vi khuan di vao, co. the theo con duang an u6ng, khoang 1- 100 vi khuan da du gay benh, vi khuan xam nhap den m6 cac to bao dai trang, nhan len xam nhap sang cac to bao khac, phd huST cac to bao Neu m6, gay d6c tai cho. Benh nhan dau bung ia chay, ton thuang dai trang. Doi vai nguai khoe manh, trieu chirng benh xay ra tix 5 - 10 ngay. Tuy nhien c6

23

twang hop man tinh, tinh trang tit vong xay ra la rat cao do dien giai tran tre dan den mat nu& tram trong. Dac biet la tre suy dinh dix&ng sirc de khang kern, d6 tit vong. De'n nay benh ly, chi gay benh doi voi nguai va cac loci linh truang, chua c6 dOng vat nao khac c6 to chirc ly.

, Da s6 cac truang hop nhiJm benh deu do six truyen nhiJm vi khudn true tiep tit ngtrai, nay sang nguai khac qua chat thai &rang runt. Su ,lay lan qua nuac cling rat nguy hiem, dac biet khi tieu chuan ve sinh thap. Ket qua Id tir nhang,loai thgc pham song hoac thuc pham da nau chin bi trong tired gian che Hen, bed nhung nguai mang mam benh khong trieu chtrng va lam viec trong diet' kien ve sinh ca nhan kern.

d. Vibrio cholerae:

Trieu chirng do V. cholerae: gay benh duang runt. Thai ki u benh tir 5 - 10 ngdy. DOc to runt do V. cholerae sinh ra lam cho,cac dich va cac dien giai tran 0 at vao runt. Hien Wang d6 nhanh chang dan den tieu chay tran tre, mat khoi luting mau tuan hoan, nhiem axit chuyen hod, can kiet cali, cuM cling la troy tim mach va chet. Cac Vibrio. sp hau het la sinh dOc to &rang runt manh. Benh ta. la benh cua doi va ngheo, do tieu chudn ve sinh thdp.

e. Vibrio parahaemolyticus :

Sau khi an mot luting 16n vi khudn song khoang 12 gia,,xudt hien cac trieu chung benh nhu: dau bung, tieu chay, mira, hai an lanh, dau dau. Cac trieu chirng twang to nhu Salmonella, nhung tram trong hon. Salmonella tac dOng len vfing bung trong khi V. parahaemolyticus tac dOng len da day nguai benh.

f. Listeria monocytogenes:

Benh do L. monocytogenes bat dau tir &rang tieu hod cac trieu chung nhu: tieu chay, sot nhe. Truang hop nang, chung gay benh c6 the sinh san trong cac bach cau va gay nhiJrn trung mau. Vi khuan tac Ong len he than kinh trung uong, tim, mat va c6 the xam nhap vao bao thai trong bung me, gay xay thai, de non hoac nhiem tang thai nhi. Nhang nan nhan c6 nguy co nhiJm benh dang, thuang la nguai c6 he mien dich kern: nguai mang thai, nghien rugu... hoac mac benh ung thu.

g. Staphylococcus:

Vi khudn S. aureus gay nen cac benh nhu: viem da, mun nhot, tip xe. Qua cac mun nhot tren da xam nhap vao mach mau gay nhiem trung mau.

S. aureus gay ng0 dOc thIrc an do san sinh dOc to runt trong thgc pham, dOc to nay ben nhiet nen khong bi pha huST khi nau thirc an. Trieu chirng benh sau khi nhiem dOc to: gay non mita, dau that bung, tieu chay dir dOi, cac ddu hieu nay xuat hien nhanh vai gia sau khi

h. Clostridium botulinum:

Ngoai dOc to cua vi khudn thuang tac dOng gay ton thuang than kinh trung uong va hanh tuST. Trieu chirng dau tien bi ng0 dOc do C. botulinum sau khi an 18

24 1>-

- 96 gia la : liet co mit, gian dOng tic, song thi, khong c6 phan xa,d6i anh sang. Sau do bi liet co ham vom mieng, hau va co hong, mat tieng, roi loan loi noi: Da day va co runt bi liet nhe, giam chat nhay o runt gay tao bon. Trung khu tuan hoan va ho hap bi to liet, ti le tir vong khoang tir 60 - 70%.

L Bacillus anthracis (Benh than)

Benh than la mot benh truyen nhigm captinh do true khuan Bacillus anthracis gay ra. Nguai mac benh than khi nhiem phai bao tir dm Bacillus anthracis qua vet xuac ten da, qua duemg ho hap hoac tieu h6a. Benh lay do tiep mac true tiep vai gia suc (trau, be), ngua, de...) bi benh (ma xac,, pha thit) hoac gian tiep qua cac vat pham bi nhiem (len, da, dat) hoac (rat hiem) do hit phai bao tir (the phOi a thg chai len) hay an phai thit bi nhiem khuan nau chua chin la Truc khuan than c6 the ton tai rat lau mai twang trong clang bao dr. Bao tir truc khuan than c6 sire de khang tot, de khang vai nhiet, kho han, tia cue tim,,birc xa gamma va nhieu chat sat khuan. Bao trirrc khuan than song dugc nhieu nam trong dat, nuac, be mat cac vat dung..., Ice ca trong nhang diet' kien khac nghiet, nhiet dO cao bao to van co the ton tai dugc. Da'c biet, a mai truong dat thuan lgi (dO am nhieu, o nhiem dat do cac chat thai sinh hoat, cong nghiep, ruing nghiep...) bao tir c6 the ton tai trong vai thap kSt.

Benh dien Nem nhanh,,n6u khOng dugc dieu tri kip thai co the gay nhang Nen chung nguy hiem nhu: ton thuong nao, suy ho hap, nhiem khuan huyet, mat nuac, mat mau, thung runt... tST le tit vong cao.,Khi mac benh than, nguai benh c6 trieu chUng sot, met moi, dau dau, tren da xuat hien cac not, dam boa mau den, phu xung quanh yang loet va c6 xu huang lan rOng.

k. Streptococcus suis (Benh lien cat' khuan lo'n)

Gay viem mang nao: SOt cao, dau dau, bun non, non, u tai, diec, cirng gay, roi loan tri giac... xuat huyet da dang a mot so not ten co the. MOt so truang hop xuat hien cac trieu chirng nhiem khuan, nhiem dOc tieu hod: sot, di cau nhieu lan, phan long, co the lanh, run... truoc khi co bieu hieu cua viem mang nao. Twang hop Ong: Sac nhiem dOc, truy mach, co the lanh, tut huyet ap, nhiem khuan huyet cap tinh, roi loan clang mau Ong, suy ho hap, suy da phU tang... bon me va tir vong.

1.2. Moi nguy o nhiem do cac sieu vi &ling (virus):

Virus con nhO han vi khuan nhieu lan, phai dUng kinh hien vi dien tir ph6ng dai hang van lan mai nhin thay chung. Noi chung virus chiu dugc lanh, ,khong chiu dugc n6ng va tia tir ngoai. Virus bi anh huang cac chat sat khuan nhu formol, con, acid va kiem manh. Virus gay ngO dOc thuc pham va cac benh truyen qua thuc pham thuang c6 trong runt Cac loai nhuyen the song a yang nuac bi o nhiem, rau qua tuai nuac c6 phan holac cac mon an song chuan bi trong dieu kien thieu,ve sinh throng hay bi nhiem virus bai liet, virus viem gan. Virus c6 the lay truyen tir phan qua tay nguai tiep )(lie hoac tir nuac bi o nhiem phan vao thuc pham, vai mot lugng rat nh6, virus da gay nhiem benh cho nguai. Virus

25

nhigm ngued c6 the lay sang thuc phAm hoc trgc tiep lay sang nguai khac tru6c khi phdt benh.

Rotavirus

1.3. Ccic ky sinh triing:

K 'y sinh trung la nhcmg sinh vat song nh6 (kSi sinh) trong ca the cdc sinh vat khac (vat chi') gang song, lay thIrc an tir cdc sinh vat d6 de ton tai va phdt trien. Hau het 1ky sinh trung bi chest va mat kha nang gay berth & nhiet d0 - 15 °C.

Cdc loai ky sinh trung hay trong thuc pham la giun, san. Vi du:

San day: Ngueri an thit c6 Au thing san day trong thit be (goi la san day be hay "be gao"), trong thit lon (thit lcfn gao) chua nAti icy, khi vao co the thi Au thing se phat trien thanh thanh san trueng thanh va

' sinh a duo.% runt, lay red loan tieu hoa.

7/- - ''''. . v o . ' L't ,7 ;lit

l ...07, 1 . if *JAL k

San la gan: Khi an phai ca nu6c ngot nhu ca diec, ca diep, ca tell, ca ro... co nang trung san la an nho chua dugc nau ky, nang thing chuyen len 6ng mat, len gan va pink trien 6 gan thanh san tnx6ng thanh IA ton thuunl .an, mat.

g . .4.

-1

San la ph:8i: Neu an phai torn, cua co mang Au trung san la ph8i, chua throv nAu chin Icy, hoac u6ng phai nu6c kh8ng sach c6 nang thing thi chfing se xuyen qua thanh runt, chui qua ca hoanh len plied, phat trien thanh san truong thanh gay viem phe quan, dau n!uc, ho, khac ra mau rat n:.0 hiem.

Benh do giun xoan ,do tap quan an thit tai, nem bang thit song, an tiet canh co au triing gay nhiem d0c, di img sot cao, liet ca ho hap c6 the clan den tir vong.

......

2. MOi nguy hoa hoc:

Trong san xuAt, the bien thuc phAm co the xay ra o nhigm boa hoc. Nhang chat hod hoc hay bi 8 nhiem vao thuc pham

2.1. Cdc chAt 8 nhigm tir mai tn.rang nhu: chi trong khi thai cua cdc phucmg tien van tai; hoc o nhiem cadimi do xirlST nu& thai, ban, dat, rdc, quang...

- Chi: Du luting tai da chAp nhan duac cho mot nguoi la 0,005mg/ngay. Neu la 0.5mg/ngay bAt dau c6 trieu chi:mg ng0 d0c, gay chest voi du luang lg.

26

Ngo dOc cap tinh c6 bieu hien: roi loan tieu hoa, viem than, viem gan than, dau bung, mat mau, di lai kilo khan va cac trieu chimg than kinh.

Ngo dOc man tinh: met moi, suy sup, viem da day than kinh (dac biet la d6i vefi tre nho), tai Nen nao, viem than, viem khop.

- Thily ngan: Du luting gay chet: Olg

NO doe cap tinh (thuemg clan tbi tir vong): Du luting khoang 150 — 200mg, gay ra cac trieu chi mg roi loan than kinh: run, co gist, 1- 15 ngay bi ngO dOc gay hoai tix Ong than.

Ngo dOc man tinh: Tich luy trong gan, than dOng vat Va. nguoi, roi loan tiou h6a, roi loan than kinh, roi loan ngoai da, gay ung thu, quai thai.

- Asen: Du luting toi da cho phep cua ngued lo.n: 0,05 mg/kg the trong/ngay, du luting gay chet ngue.i: 70-80 mg.

Ngo dOc cap tinh: Du kriging 60mg, trieu chUng xuat hien sau 30 phitt an vai gig, gay kilo mieng, dau bung du dOi, cg the bi mat nuot, huyet ap giam, tir vong co the sau 24h...

Ngo dOc man tinh: nhigm dOc Asen trong theyi gian dai lam tang nguy co gay ung thu bang quang, than, gan va phoi. Ngoai ra Asen con gay ra nhung chimg benh tim mach: cao huyet ap, tang nhip tim.

- Cadimi: Cadimi ton tai trong ca the tir 10-30 nam nen gay benh am tham va keo dai.

Ngo dOc cap tinh: gay dau, rat vong tip bun non, dau bung, nhiem dOc qua duOng ho hap c6 the dan den phil phoi.

Ngo dOc man tinh: duge quan tam dac biet vi Cadimi dugc tich luy or than va duge dao thai rat cham, theyi gian ban phan hdy trong co the lan (30 ram). Bi nhiem Cadimi lau ngay nosed benh se bi suy giam he mien dich va c6 nguy cot ung thu rat cao.

thuOc trot sau gOc chlor hitu co va nhom gOc lan (him co?) gay ngO dOc cap tinh va man tinh doi veri sue khoe ngueyi sir dung, dac biet la de lai di chimg den doi sau. Hai nhom nay c6 dO ben Ma hoc rat cao (30 — 40 nam vOi nhom goc chlor, tren 3 thang doi \Tod nhom goc ran).

2.2. Cac chat hod hoc sir dung trong san xuat 'long nghiep nhu: thuOc bao ve thuc vat, phan bOn, thuOc thu y, chat tang trong, kich thich tang truOng...

- Nitrofuran vai cac clan xuat: AOZ, AMOZ la hoa chat co the gay ung thu cho ngueyi sir dung.

- Malachite Green, dan xuat la Leucomalachite Green, tir nam 2002 mot nghien ciru tit My da phat hien Malachite Green c6 kha nang gay ung thu, do vay da ducyc dua vao danh sach cam.

- Chloramphenicol: truck day duo.c ghi nhan la 1 loai khang sinh dac tri nhieu loai benh nhigm khuan, nhung sau do bi dua vao danh sach cam sir dung do

27

phat hien tac dung phu gay hai cho sirc khoe nguai sir dung vai trieu chimg: gay irc the six hoat Ong ciia tuy xuong dan tai thieu mau va suy Chloramphenicol gay ra h6i chirng xanh xam a tre so sinh.

- Cac chit kich thich tang truang sinh truemg: gay roi loan N th6ng n6i tit

, 2.3. Cac chit phu gia thixe phim (cac chit tao tao ngot, huong lieu, chat on dinh, chat chong oxy hoa,...) sir dung khong dung quy dinh nhu,ngodi danh muc cho phep, ho4c sir dung khong dung huang dan nha san xuat; cac boa chat khac 8 nhiem trong qua trinh the Nen (chat tay rira khir trUng trang thiet bi nha xtromg, thuoc b8i tay cong nhan,...) (Chat tay rira khong duac xep vao nh6m Phu gia!)

2.4. Cac hop chit khong mong muOn có trong bao bi china dung, dong gOi thtrc pham.

2.5. Cac chit Oc to nhien c6 san trong thuc phim nhu O. mim khoai tay, san, mang, nimd6c, ca noc, coc, nhuyen the hai manh vo (ngheu, so, vem, ), nam mew sinh dOC , (d6c to vi nam Aflatoxin trong ngo, lac, dau, cui dira bi moc ). Ng6 Oc do chat Oc to nhien thuang rat cap tinh, rat n4ng, tS, le tir vong rat cao (nhir ng6 Oc mang, nam d'6c, ca noc, coc); hoc anh khong tot den six khoe lau dai.

Vi du:

- DSP: La Oc to gay tieu chay (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning), sinh ra do nhuyen the an phai tao Oc nhom dinoflagellate, loai Dinophysis spp, Aurocentum, prorocentrumlima. Trieu chimg: bieu hien benh sau 30 phut den vai gio sau khi an phai nhuyen the di china Oc to. Bieu hien dien hinh la roi loan throng runt (tieu chay, non mira, dau bung) nan nhan c6 the binh phuc sau 3- 4 ngay khong can diet' tri. Chin thay tir vong.

- PSP D6c to gay liet co (Paralytic Shellfish poisoning), sinh ra do nhuygn the an phai the tao Oc Gonyaulax catenella va G. tamarensi . Trieu chi ng: Te, yeu co, kilo tha, liet co.

- ASP: D6c to gay mat tri nha (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning), sinh ra do nhuyen the an phai tao Oc Digenea simplex, Pseudo-nitzschia pungren f. multiseries. D6c to ASP gay tra ngai cho chu trinh van chuyen than kinh a nao. Trieu chung: Gay Wm non va tieu chay sau 30 phut — 6 gia, tac Ong da day, than kinh gay hoa mat, choang, ngat; c6 the binh phuc sau vai ngay. Neu nong d6 cao c6 the pha huS, to bao than kinh tam thai hoc vinh vial gay mat tri nha, c6 the dan den tir vong. (Kiem tra lai ten Latin ciia Tao Oc va VSV cho chinh xac).

NSP: D6c to gay nhun nao (Neurotoxin Shellfish Poisoning), sinh ra do nhuyen the an phai tao Oc nhom dinoflagellate . Trieu Giong Oc to PSP.

- CFP: DOc to gay rOi loan dixOng runt, N thin kinh va tim (Ciguatera Fish Poisoning) la loai dOc to gay Oc pho Nen nhat. Co khoang 400 ,loai ca c6 the nhiem dec. Lieu luting gay hai la 1 ppb. CFP sinh ra do tao Oc song tai cac ran san ho, cac loai ca an phai tao nay hoc an phai chuoi thine an c6 loai tao nay se

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tich luy dOc to trong co the. Trieu chung: XuAt hien vai gia sau khi an: non, tieu chay, ngira, yeu, met keo dai 2 — 3 ngay có khi den 1 nam. CO the gay vb mach mau dan den tir vong.

- Tetrodotoxin: La chAt dOc thAn kinh, rat dOc, gay tir vong cao, cha't nay cling &roc phan lap ti/ mot so loai vi khuan: epiphytic bacterium, vibrio species, pseudomonas species, 6' da va not tang con kST nhong, bach tuOc dom xanh, coc, ca. rick.

- GTX (Gempylotoxin): gay ra tieu chay cho nguoi sir dung do an phai chAt dau chira trong thit xtrang loai ca dau.

- Bufagins: gay loan nhip tim, kho tha, ngirng tha, co giat, ao giac, buOn non.

- Haditoxin: loan tim mach, liet, hon me, tir vong

- Solanine: to liet, giam than nhiet, tir vong

- Aflatoxin: Sau khi thin nghiem rOng tren nhieu loai &Ong vat nhu chuOt, ca hoi van, aflatoxin duoc xac than la mot chat gay ung thu tiem tang. Nghien ciru thuc nghiem cho thay tiep xitc vai lieu luong lon (> 6000mg) aflatoxin có the gay dOc cap tinh volt hieu luc gay cll.& nothi, trong khi tiep xuc yen lieu nho trong th6i gian keo dai se gay ung thu (Groopmann et al 1988).

3. MOi nguy vat A A A. a) Nguon goc molt nguy vat 1ST:

- Trong khai thac, thu hoach: luOri cau, dinh, ba chia.

- Trong bao quan van chuyen: manh go, manh kim loai, manh nhua cling,

- Trong the bien: manh kim loai, manh thdy tinh, xtrong, san,

- Trong gian lan thuong mai: dinh, tam tre, chi.

b) Tfic hai cua molt nguy Nit 1ST:

- Gay ton thuong cho he tieu nhang molt nguy vat 1ST se gay ton thuong cho throng tieu hoa, nhe nhat la hoc xuong, Ong hon la va rang, thimg runt, thimg da day.

CO the dua VSV gay benh vao thuc phAm, có the lam dap nat, hu hong san pham: Dinh, chi, tam tre gam vao than tom ngoai viec lam dap co thit con lam cho vi khuan tir dinh, tam tre xam nhap va phat trien dan tai nhanh uan hong va tang them moi nguy sinh hoc trong san pham.

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BAI 3: DIEU MEN BAO DAM AN TOAN THVC PHAM DOI Val

CO SO SAN XUAT, CHE BIEN THVC PHAM

I. Khai niem

lieu kien bao darn an toan thyv pheim la nhang quy chuan ky thuAt va nhung quy dinh khac doi vai that pham, co sa san xuat, kinh doanh that pham va hoat Ong san xuat, kinh doanh that pham do ca quan quan 1 'y nha more co tharn quyen ban hanh nham mac dich dam bao that pham an toan doi vai sire khoe, tinh mang con ngued.

San xuat thtec pham la viec that hien met, met s8 hoc tat ca cac hoat Ong trong trot, than nuoi, thu hai, danh bat, khai that, sa che, che Wen, bao g6i, bao guar' de tao ra that pham.

Ch1 bien that pham la qua trinh xir ly that pham da qua so the hoc that pham ttrai song theo phuang phap ding nghiep hoc thu tong de tao thanh nguyen lieu that pham hoc san pham that pham.

Di'du kien bao quart cac biet doi vai thyv phdrn la viec sir dung cac ,trang thiet bi de dieu chinh, duy tri cac yeu cau ve nhiet de, khoang nhiet de, de am va cac yeu to khac trong bao quan san pham &la nha san xuat nham bao dam chat luting, an toan thirc pham.

II. Dieu kien bao dam ATTP doi veri co' so. san xuat ban dau (tuan thu quy dinh dieu kien chung tai Dieu 19 Lu'at ATTP)

a) Co dia diem, dien tich thich hop, c6 khoang cach an toan d8i vai ngu'on gay dec hai, nguon gay 8 nhiem va cac yeu to gay hai khac;

b) Co du nu& dat quy chuan k'y thuAt phut vu san xuat, kinh doanh that pham;

c) Co du trang thiet bi phii hop a xir ly nguyen lieu, che bien,,d6ng goi, bao quan va van chuyen cac loai that pham khac nhau; c6 trang thiet bi, dung cu, phucmg tien rixa va khir trimg, ntrac sat trimg, thiet bi phong, thong con tang va Ong vat gay hai;

d) Co N thong xur Vi chat thai va &rot van hanh thlreing xuyen theo quy dinh cua phap luAt ve bao ve moi trueng;

d),Duy tri cac dieu kien bao dam an toan that pham va hru, so ve nguOn gOc, xuat nguyen lieu that pham va cac tai lieu khac ye toan N qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh that pham;

e) Tuan thu quy dinh ve arc khoe, kien thirc va that hanh cua ngtrai truc tiep san xuat, kinh doanh that pham.

III. Dieu kien bao dam ATTP dOi vol coe so' so' che, che bien:

1. Dia diem, moi truismg:

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- Vi tri nth san xuat, the biL thuc ,pham can dugc b6 tri nai khong bi ngap nuac, gong nuac va each biet vii nguon 0 nhiem nhu ding ranh, rac thai, dog trinh ve sinh, nai bay ban gia sue, gia cam, khu vuc c6 0 nhiem moi truang do cac hoat d6ng san xuat ding nghiep, xay dung, giao thong... Hoc co the bien phap ngan ngira, giam thieu va loai 1)0 huu hieu cac nguy 0 nhigm tir moi truang.

- Ngoai ra, doi vii cac co sa san xuat, che biL thuc pham can luu y xem xet lua chon vi tri co du dien tich bo tri cac khu vuc day chuyen san xuat, che Nen thuc pham va a nai c6 du ngutin nuac sir dung, che bien va thuan tien cho viec van chuyen thuc pham.

2. Thiet ke, bo tri khu vtrc san xuat, che bien, bao quan thurc phAm:

- Khu vuc san xuat, che bien thuc pham phai dugc thi6t ke theo quy tic mot chieu tir nguyen lieu d'au vao cho den san pham cu6i ding de tranh o nhigm.

- Co su each biet gift khu san xuat, che bien va khong che bien, giita cac khu tiep nhan nguyen lieu, so che, che bien, bao goi, kho hang, khu ve sinh, khu thay trang phuc bao 116, khu nha an, de tranh 0 nhigni die°. Nguyen lieu, thanh pham thuc pham, vat lieu bao goi thuc pham, phe thai phai dupe thi6t ke phan luong rieng.

- Kho chira dung va bao quan nguyen lieu, thanh pham, vat lieu, bao, g6i... dm co sa phai dugc thiet ke phii hop vii yeu eau timg loai thuc pham va tranh su xam nhap cila con trang, d6ng vat gay hai.

- Dien tich khu vuc,san,xuat, che biL thuc pham phai phii hop vii ding suit san xuat, che Nen; Thiet ke, b8 tri nha xuangphai phii hop vii cong nghe va chimg loai san pham, phong ngira dugc su 0 nhiem cheo thuc pham gia cac cong doan nay vii ding doan khac, ding nhu khi thao tic, che bien va xir 1/ thuc pham.

- Duang not b6 phai dugc xay dung bao dam ve sinh, ding ranh thoat nuac day kin va ve sinh thuang xuyen.

- Novi tap ket, xir ly chat thai phai a ngoai khu vuc san xuat dux pham.

- Khu vuc bao quan tir nguyen lieu den so che, che Nen, thanh pham phai c6 kho chira dung, dien tich, thiet ke phu hgp vii loai thuc pham san xuat, che

- Kho bao quan thuc pham c6 biL ten, not quy, quy trinh, che d6 ve sinh, s0 sach va thiet bi theo doi nhiet d6, d6 am, thong gio (neu phai bao quan dac biet), du anh sang, c6 du gia, ke chieu cao theo quy dinh.

3. Ket cAu nha xtr&ng:

- Nha xuang c6 ket cau yang chic, phii hop vii tinh chat, quy mO va quy trinh ding nghe san xuat, che bien thuc pham.

- Tran nha: phang, sang mail, khong dOt, thArn nuac, khong ran nut, khong de bam cac chat ban.

- Nen nha: phang, nhan, chiu tai trong, a co rim, ve sinh, khong tron, khong tham nuac, dung nuac va thoat nuac tot.

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- Cira ra vao, cira so lam bang vat lieu chac chan, nhan, phang, it tharn nuov, gong kin, thuan tien cho viec lam ve sinh, bao dam tranh dugc con trimg, vat nuoi xam nhap.

- Cau thang, bac them va cac ke lam bang vat lieu ben, khong tron, de ve sinh va 136 tri hop 1Y.

- Vat lieu tiep xuc truc tiep voi thuc pham phai dugc lam bang cac vat lieu nhan, khong tham nuac, khong thoi nhiem chat dOc hai ra thuc pham, khong bi bao mon bai cac chat tay rira, tay tang trong nhiing dieu kien binh thu6ng (vi du nhu bang inox), de lam ve sinh.

4. He thOng Wang gio:

- Phu hop voi dac thd cua san pham san xuat, the bien, bao dam thOng thoang cho cac khu vue cua ca s6 va bao dam yeu cau ky thuat, de lam ve sinh.

- Chit Y huong he dicing thong gi6 khong dugc thOi tir khu vuc nhiem bin, khu ve sinh sang khu vuc you cau sach: san xuat, the Nen, bao goi, nha

5. He thOng chieu sang:

- Dam bao cung cap du anh sang cho nguari san xuat, the bien nhin dugc binh thirong.

- B6ng den chieu sang phai dugc the chin an toan (hOp hoc luai) de tranh v6 va neu v6 se khong c6 manh v6 rai vao thuc pham.

6. He thOng cung cap mare:

- Co du nu& dal quy chuAn k'y thuat phuc vu viec san xuat, the bien (QCVN 01:2009/BYT dOi voi ntrac an uOng va QCVN 02:2009/BYT dOi voi nuerc sinh hoat).

- He thong cung cap nu6c phai bao dam kin, khong ro ri, ong clan va phirang tien chira dung nu& phai bang vat lieu an toan, khong o nhiem cho nu& an uong.

- Thiet bi chira nu& phai dugc thiet ke phu hop cho viec du trd va ve sinh. Cac nguon nu& teen phai dugc kiem tra chat lugng, ve sinh it nhat 6 thang/lan theo quy dinh.

7. Hui ntrerc va khi nen:

- Hai nu& va khi nen sir dung cho san xuat, the bien phai bao dam sach, an toan, khong gay O nhiem cho thuc pham.

- Ntrac diing 6 san xuat hai nuac, lam lanh, phang chay, chila chay hay sir dung voi muc dich khac phai co &rang ong rieng, chi thi mau Hong de phan biet va khOng dugc not voi he thong nuoc sir dung cho san xuat thgc pham.

8. He thong xir 1S, chat thai, irk thai:

- Co du dung cu thu gom chat thai, rac thai; dung cu lam bang vat R'u it bi hu hong, bao dam kin, c6 nap day, có khoa trong cac truong hop can thiet.

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P/

- Dung cu china dung chat thai nguy hiem phai dugc thie't ke" d'ac Net, de phan bit de tranh nham lan khi dung, khi can c6 the khod de tranh su nhi6m ban thuc pham do coy hay vo y.

- He th6ng xir 15, chat thai phai dugc van hanh thugng xuyen va xir 1S, chat thai dat yeu cau ve bao ve moi trugng.

9. Nha ve sinh, khu vire thay cho bao hO lao

- Can b6 tri du nha ve sinh cho khach hang va nhan vien (t6i thi'eu 25 ngugi phai c6 01 nha ve sinh).

- Vi tri nha ve sinh dugc b6 tri a cac vi tri thuan tien cho tat ca khach hang va moi ngirgi trong Ca s& sir dung ma van dam bao each bit khu vuc the nha an va c6 day du thi'et bi bao dam ve sinh, c6 du nu& sach va thik bi rira tay sau khi di ve sinh. Can c6 chi din "Rica tay sau khi di ve sinh" a vi tri de nhin tai khu vuc nha ve sinh.

- Khu,vtrc sinh phai bao dam du sang va thong gig tot, thoat nuac clang loai bó chat thai va bao dam ve sinh. Nha ve sinh phai dugc xay dung sao cho huong gig chinh khong th6i tir khu vuc nha ve sinh sang khu vuc the bien, bao quail, bay ban thuc pham, nha

- Co phong thay bao ho lao d(ing trugc va sau khi vao lam viec.

10. Nguyen lieu va bao bi time pham:

- Nguyen lieu, phu gia, chat 116 trq the bin thuc pham phai c6 ngu6n g6c, xuat xir ro rang, dugc pile') sir dung theo quy dinh.

- Bao bi thuc pham bao, dam chic chin, an toan, khong thoi nhigm cac chat dOc hai, khong anh huong den chat lugng, an toan thuc pham, khong bi o nhiem cac tic nhan anh hugng den sire khoe con nguoi.

11. Dieu kien ve trang thiet bi, dung cu:

a. Yeu cau chung:

- Trang thik bi, dung cu tiep )(lie thuc pham phai dugc thik ke va ch6 tao an toan, khong bi thoi nhiem vao thuc pham, phii hqp vii yeu cau cua cong nghe san xuat; de lam sach, khir trUng va bao &fang.

- Phai dugc lam bang vat lieu Wen, khong gay dOc, khong gay mui vi la so voi mui vi cua thuc ,pham

,ban dau, khong bi an mon hay gay O nhiem san pham.

Trong trugng hqp can thiet phai de di chuyen, thao lap de bao duang, lam sach, khir trUng, giam sat cac moi nguy ve ve sinh, an toan thuc pham.

b. Thiet bi, dung cu san xuat, the bien:

- CO du dung cu, do china dung rieng cho nguyen lieu, dung ggi, van chuy'en thuc pham.

- De lam ve sinh, bao &rang, khong lam nhigm ban thuc pham do dal ma boi tom tranh manh vun kim loai.

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- Phuang tien, trang thiet bi dm day chuyen san xuat, the bien phai có quy trinh ve sinh, quy trinh van hanh.

c. Phu'o'ng tien rim va khir trang tay:

- Co day du cac thiet bi rim tay va khir trUng tay cac vi tri thuan tien trong khu vgc san xuat, the Nen, nha an cho moi ngueli trong co se( sir dung.

- Noi rira tay phai cung cap day du nuOc sach, xa phong, khan lau tay, sir dung mot lan hay may say kho tay. So luting 50 cong nhan thi phai có it nhat 1 bOn rira tay.

d. Phong cheing con trimg, Ong vat gay hai:

- Thiet bi phong ch6ng con trimg, d'Ong vat gay hai phai dugc lam bang vat lieu khong gi, de thoo, hop ve sinh, dam bao phong chong hieu qua con trung va dOng vat gay hai.

- Khong sir dung thu6c, ding vat de diet chuOt, con trUng va king vat gay hai trong khu vtrc san xuat, the Men thirc pham.

e. Thiet bi thu gom rac thai:

Co dung cu thu gom, china dtrng rac thai, chat thai bao dam ve sinh.

Thiet bi, dung cu thu gom rac thai phai dugc lam bang vat lieu it bi hu hOng, bao dam kin, có nap day, tranh sir xam nhap cua dOng vat va dugc ve sinh thuerng xuyen.

g. Thiet bi, dung cu giam sat, do hrimg:

- Co du thiet bi, dung cu giam sat, do luting de danh gia dugc cac chi tieu chat luting thirc pham.

- Thiet bi, dung cu giam sat, kiem soat dugc do chinh xac va dugc bao du&ng, dinh kST theo quy dinh.

12. Chat tay rira va sat &fling:

- Cac chat dung de tay rira va sat triing dung cu china dung thkrc pham phai dirge dung trong bao bi de nhan Net va CO hating dan sir dung phi' hop v6i dac diem 1Cy thuat.

- Cac chat tay rira phai de each biet \Teri not san xuat, the Wen, bao quan thirc pham.

- Chi sir dung chat tay rira dung cu china dung thirc pham va chat tay trUng dugc BC) Y to cho phep.

13. Dieu kien ve con ngtroi:

Chu co. so, nveri true tier) tham gia san xuat, the bien thirc pham phai dap irng du dial kien ve kien thirc, sire khoe va thirc hanh an toan thirc pham.

Ve kien thtic: Nguai tham gia true tiep vao san xuat, the bien thirc pham phai hoc tap kien tithe ve sinh an toan thirc pham theo quy dinh va có Xac nhan

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tap huan kien thirc ve sinh an toan thuc pham do ca sa c6 tham quyen cap.

Ve stic khoe: Noxell true tiep tham gia san xuat, the bien phai dugc kham sat kh6e (va phai c6 Giay xac nhan du dieu kien sirc khoe theo quy dinh cua Bo Y te) truac khi tuyen dung va dinh kY kham sirc khoe it 'that 1 nam/lan.

DOi vai nhiing yang c6 dich benh tieu chay dang hru,hanh theo cong BO Y te, ngtrai truc tiep san xuat thuc pham phai duot cay phan phat hien main benh gay benh &rang runt (ta, ly, truc khuan va thmmg han).

Nhang nguohi dang bi mac benh nhigm trang thuc danh muc da dugc BO Y te quy dinh khong &roc tham gia truc tiep vao qua trinh san xuat hay the bien thuc pham (Lao, kiet ly, thicong han, is chay, ta, "nun nhot, son clad, son phan, viem gan sieu vi triing, viem mui, viem hong inn, cac benh ngoai da, cac benh da lieu, nhieng ngueri lanh mang vi khuan gay benh du.Ong ruOt).

Vic kham sirc khoe phai dugc thuc hien a cac co. quan y to tir cap quan, huyen tra

Chu co sa san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham c6 trach nhiem tao dieu kien cho nguoi truc tiep san xuat, the bien tham gia tap huan va kham sirc kh6e hang nam.

Ve thtrc hanh:

1) Nang ngtecri tham gia truc tie') vao san xuat, the Nen thuc pham phai thus hien cac yeu cdu sau:

- Ngtraitqrc tiep san xuat, the bien phai thuc hanh ca nhan tot, bao dam an toan thuc pham:

+ Mac trang phuc bao ho rieng, mac tap de, deo khL trang, dOi mu the toc khi san xuat, the bien thuc pham.

+ Gift m6ng tay ngan, sach se va khong deo do trang sirc khi tiep xuc truc Wei) vai thuc pham an ngay.

+ Khong an uOng, but thuOc, khac nhO trong khu vuc san xuat thuc pham; Khong deo do trang sirc, dung ho khi san xuat, ehe bien va tiep xuc tnrc tiep vai thuc pham.

- Thuc hanh the bien thuc pham tot, bao dam an toan thuc pham:

+ Sir dung nguyen lieu thuc pham an toan: c6 nguem gOc rei rang (tOt nhat la da &rot chirng nhan, an ,toan cho pile') sir dung), khong sir dung phu gia thuc pham, chat ho tro the bien khong dtroc BO Y te cho phep sir dung va kru giu ho soy ve nguem goc, xuat xir nguyen lieu thuc pham va cac tai lieu lchac ve toan bO qua trinh san xuat, the bien thuc pham.

+ Thuang xuyen ve sinh dung cu, ve sinh khu vuc san xuat, the bien, nha thu don rac thai...

+ Khong cho vat nuoi vao khu vuc san xuat, the bien thuc pham.

2) Ngurri truc tiep' san xueit, chi biin cleu phai chap hanh ve sinh tay ca nhan:

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- Rira tay sau khi: Di ve sinh, tiep xuc v6i thvc pham song, xi miii, dung tay vao rdc, gai ngira, ngody tai, ngody mai hoac dung tay vao cdc 130 phan cua co the, quan do, hilt thuoc, dung tay vao silc vat, sau moi lan nghi.

- Rira tay tru6c khi tiep xuc v6i thirc pham.

- Lau kilo tay sau khi rim bang khan giay dung mot lan, khan bong sach hoac may thoi kho, khong chuff vao quan do, vdy, tap de.

- Rira tay k5T bang xa ph6ng va mr6c sach.

- Khong de m6ng tay dai net' c6 vet xtrac a ban tay va ngon tay thi can duvc bang b6 bang gac khong tham nu& va di gang tay khi tiep xuc voi thkrc pham.

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BAI 4:

PHU'ONG PHAP BAO DAM AN TOAN THVC PHAM

I. DAM BAO SAN XUAT, CHE BIEN, BAO GOI THVC PHAM AN TOAN:

1. Mem sok nguyen lieu, vat tit cau vao:

- Chi sir dung cac vat tu (tau vao dap mg cac quy dinh quan ly chuyen nganh va khong gay 0 nhiem cho thus pham:

+ Cac loai thuOc thit y, thuOc bao ve thus vat, thirc an, phan bon, chAt xir 17 cai tao moi truong phai c6 ten Danh muc (IAN phep luu hanh/dap img cac quy chuan ky thu4 quOc gia, quy dinh quan ly chuyen nganh cua BO Mktg nghiep Phat trier' nong thou trong san xuat ban dal' nong lam thity san; viec sir dung cac loai vat tu nong nghiep phai tuan thit dung th6i gian sir dung thuoc, tiled gian cash ly theo quy dinh.

+ Cac loai bao bi, phu gia, chdt 118 trq the bien sir dung trong the bien, bao goi thus pham phai tuan dung cac quy dinh cua BO Y t6

- Chi sir dung cac nguyen lieu a ch6 Nen thus phAm dap img dugs quy chuan 1(y thuat tuang ung, tuan thit quy dinh ve giOi han vi sinh vat gay benh, du lugng thuOc bao ve thus vat, du luang thuoc thit y, kim loai Wang, tac nhan gay 0 nhiem va cac chat khac trong thus pham c6 the gay hai den sirc khoe, tinh mang con ngtrai.

- Chon ngu'on cung cap nguyen lieu thus pham tai cac co soy tin cay, on dinh va c6 uy tin, c6 cira hang co dinh, c6 xac nhan, chirng nhan ve an toan thus pham cua cac co quan co tham quyen. Dac biet la khi mua rau, qua, thit, ca... nen chgn cac co so/ da ap dung "Thus hanh nong nghiep tot" - GAP hoac thus hien viec kiem soat,tai viing nguyen lieu (co can 1)0, kiem tra, giam sat tai trang trai chan nuoi va trong trot). Khi mua nguyen lieu de san xuat, the bien thus pham nen c6 hap dong v6i co so cung cap nguyen lieu, c6 cam ket ve chat luang nguyen lieu cua nha cung

- Khi tiep nhan nguyen lieu, vat tu can kiem tra: chirng chi (the hang) cita ben cung cap va kiem tra nguyen lieu khi nhap (kiem tra chat ltrang, dO tuoi nguyen, nhiet dO theo tong 10 hang thus phAm, bao gom kiem soat nhiet do chuan trong qua trinh van chuyen do nha cung cap thus hien). Co the sir dung thiet bi kiem tra (test kiem tra nhanh) va cam quan de phat hien cac nguyen lieu thus pham khong dat yeu cau.

- CAn phai ghi chop va ltru lai cac thong tin ve xuat xir, thanh phAn cua thus phdm va nguyen lieu, vat to da tiep nhan: ten thanh plfan, dia chi va ten nha cung cap, dia chi va ten co soy the bien nguyen lieu, thong tin xac nhan 10 san pham (so 10 hang ho4c ghi ngay san xuat), ngay mua hang.

- Wit nit& c6 the yeu cau nha cung cap, nguyen lieu dAu vao cung cap cac giay chi:mg nhan an toan thus pham hoac kiem nghiem chat luang an toan thtrc

37

pham cua cac nguyen

2. TO chfrc san xuat, the bien thirc pilau' an town:

- Dam bao quy trinh san xuat, the bien theo nguyen fAc mot chieu: nguyen lieu xuat kho, sau khi so the (nhat, rira, thai...) chuyen vao,phan xuemg san xuat, che bien, sau do chuyen sang phong thanh pham, phan phoi. Can chU nguyen lieu sach khong de lan nguyen lieu ban, cac nguyen lieu khac nhau (thit, ca, rau...) ding khong dugc de lan vof nhau. Thuc pham chin khong dugc de lan vof thuc pham song. Di theo do la cac dung cu, thiet bi, con ngued ding phai tach biet khac nhau.

- Khau chuan bi de ch6 bien thuc pham rat can thiet phai dam bao thgc hanh tot ye sinh ca nhan, ve sinh dung cu, nguyen lieu the bien sach, boi vi trong qua trinh the bien (gia nhiet) yeti to nhiet dO toi thieu ben trong mieng thgc pham can dat dugc chi de tieu diet vi sinh vat toi mire chAp nhan dirge, nhung chira du dO nong de tieu diet bao tir' va chat dOc. DOi vof timg cach the bien thuc pham can thiet lap quy pham san xuat tot \foci cac chi tieu phii hop nhu: kich thuac mieng thuc pham, nhiet dO va thoi gian tircmg irng du de dat dugc thanh pham theo yeu cau. Thong throng khi gia nhiet, tuST theo kich throe cua mieng thuc pham va loai thuc pham: nhiet dO ben trong mieng thgc pham can dat dirge tir 63°C - 74°C va gift a nhiet dO nay it nhAt la 15 giay.

- Chi sir dung phu gia, chAt hi; trg the trong danh mile duoc phep sir dung; sir dung dung lieu luting, dung each thirc theo quy dinh.

- Nu& dung trong san xuat, the Nen thuc pham phai la nuac sach theo quy dinh (QCVN 01: 2009/BYT).

- Cac eh& tay, rira, sat trimg dung cu the Nen phai là nhang hod chAt khong gay hai den sire khoe cho con ngued va moi trirong.

3. Bao goi thip phAm an town:

DO dung, bao goi thgc pham phai dirge lam tir vat lieu an toan, khong thoi nhiem cac chk dOc hai, milt vi la vao thuc pham, khong thing, khong ri set, có nap day kin, dg chili rim.

Bao bi, do bao goi claim dung dux phAm phai dap img quy chuan ky thuat tuong img, tuan thia quy dinh doi vOi dung cu, vat lieu bao goi, china dung thuc pham do BO truang BO Y to ban hanh.

II. BAO QUAN THUC PHAM AN TOAN:

Bao quail thuc pham la de gift dirge chat luting thuc pham nhu ban dAu (tu nhien) khOng bi hu hong, nhiem ban, Nen chat trong theri han bao quan. Muc tieu cu the Gila bao van thgc pham la bao ve thuc pham de khong bi O nhiem bof vi sinh vat, hod chat va moi nguy vat V/.

Vi sinh vat luon có trong thuc pharn, do vay tieu diet va ngan can su hog dOng cud the vi khuan, nam moc, nam men va de phong su phat trien sinh

38

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san cua chUng trong thuc pham lam phai de cap tai trong bac) quan thuc pham.

1. Cie phtro'ng phip bao quail phong ngira vi sinh vat trong thtic phArn:

Vi sinh vat thuang can khong khi, clo am, chat dinh duong, va nhiet d(5 dm de phat trien, do \Tay, cdc bien phap phong ngira can dua tren mot so nguyen tac va dieu kien co ban sau:

- Bien phap vo khuan de de phong gay (5 nhijm thuc pham.

- Bien phap giu nguyen trang thai tinh sinh hoc cUa vi sinh sir , vat de phong s phat trien cim vi khuan trong thuc pham bang cdc bien phap khong the nhiet dO, dO am, hog tinh cda mac, ap suat tham thau va cdc chat bao quan khac nhau...

- Bien phap tiou hug', diet vi sinh vat, diet toan b'O,cdc vi khuan, ndm mac, nam men va ca bao tirocac nhiet dO khdc nhau nhu nau chin, thanh trUng kieu Pasteur, clang hop, va chieu xa, ion hod thuc pham v.v..

1.1. Bien pluip dung nhiet dO:

Thai gian can thiet de gift dirge nhiet do tai uu diet vi sinh vat phu thuc vao hog tinh cua mrac trong thuc pham. Thuc pham kho c6 it nu& can phdi c6 thai gianlau hcm mai dat duac N so nhiet dO thich hop de diet vi sinh vat vi kha nang truyen nhiet c6 kern han so vai thkrc pham c6 nhieu nuac.

a) Diet khuan bang k'y thuat Pasteur 6 nhiet de? 63-66°C trong 30 phut hoac 71-72°C trong 15 giay, 89°C trong 1/2 giay, 94°C trong 0,1 giay va 100°C trong 0,01 giay.

b) Diet khuan bang nhiet (10 cao (Ultra Heat Temperature - UHT): sir dung nhiet d(5 132°C khong it hon 1 giay.

c) Trong san xudt 6 WO thuc pham: da diet khuan bang nhiet do cao thich hop va them cong doan duoi het khong khi, oxygen trong hOp ra ngoai tnrac khi clung kin hOp phong ngira twang hop vi khuan song sot cung khOng c6 oxy de phat trien.

d) Bao pan bang sir dung nhiet de) thap:

- De lanh thuc pham: gift nhiet dO khOng qua 5°C c6 the ngan can lam cham qua trinh phat trien cua vi khuan gay benh trong thuc pham. Tuy nhien, c6 nhieu loci vi sinh vat c6 nhu caudinh &rang cao,thuang gay bien chat thuc pham va mot vi khuan gay benh van c6 the phat trien ngay tai nhiet dO 0°C.

Bao quan thuc pham Mng tit lanh can kru f):

+ Khong cle thkrc pham da the bien duai dive pham chua the Nen.

+ Khong cle cdc hOp dung thuc pham khong c6 nap day ch.ling len nhau.

+ Khong dat truc tiep thkrc pham khong dugs bao goi vao trong to lanh.

+ Khong cle qud nhieu thuc pham lam chat to lanh gay can ter viec km thong khong khi trong to lanh, clan den thuc pham khong dirge lam lanh nhanh.

+ Khong de ngay thuc pham vira the bien nong vao to lanh. Can d6 thuc

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pham nguOi clan 6 nhiet dO phong trong khoang 15-20 phut trugc khi cho vdo to lanh.

- Bac) quan bang phuang phap cap &rig:

+ Khi nhiet dO thap hon nhiet do &rig lanh, hinh thanh cac tinh the &rig bang se dan den sir giam ngirng dOt ngOt so luting cac t6 bdo do bi shock. Ngay sat sau thei gian giam cac to bdo, ty le chet se chain va mot so chUng vi sinh vat se c6 the ton tai voi thed gian dai hon.

+ Hail het cac thuc pham bao quan &Ong lanh deu sir dung ky thuat cap &mg trong thed gian nhanh it, hon 30 phut. Tai mot so co se( thuong nghiep gift bao quan &Ong lanh thuc pham, thed gian ha nhiet d() tai nhiet dO &rig lanh (-18°C) rat nhanh, thuemg du& 20 phut hoac it hon.

+ Ky thuat &Ong lanh c6 the sir dung ket hop ved ky thuat hap, tran, ldm tang thuc pham nham giam so luong vi sinh vat c6 trong thgc pham.

1.2. Bao quan biing phiro'ng phap say kho:

Co nhieu ky thuat de phoi say lam kho thuc pham: Jam bOc hoi du& anh sang mat trod, hoac dung luting khong khi nong, say kilo bang truc rulo, say phun kilo, hoac say phun ldm thang hoa.

, Thtrc pham dugc bao quan bang phucmg phap nay là hoa, qua, thuc pham c6 nhieu xo, thit va ca...

, Men trong thkrc pham cung bi ngirng hoat dOng do thuc pham thong dugc tran hap (lam trang) truerc khi say.

1.3. Say hun khoi:

, - Hun khoi nong ld clang nong, dtra thuc pham nong tren ngon lira trong dial kien bao hod khoi. Thgc,pham dugc bao quan dtroi dang hun khoi thuOng not c6 thed gian bao quan ngan va can dirge bao quan trong dial kien lanh do luting nuerc er trong thuc pham van con a tY re cao.

, - Hun khoi lanh: thong sir dung nhiet dO thap, (32°C den 43°C). MOt so thuc pham thong chi hun khoi lanh trong thed gian ngan, nhung phan lan thuc pham hun khoi lanh keo ddi trong mot so ngdy hoac hang tuan. Trong thad gian d6 thtrc pham se mat nuac dan va bao hod luong kh6i lon.

Tat ca cac loai thkrc pham )(Ong khoi thong khong bao quan dugc lau. De giiip tiled gian bao quan lau hon, ngired to thuemg them vao mot luong mu& thich hop.

1.4. Biz' o titian sic' dung nong dO that'll thau cao:

Se giam hoat tinh dm nugc,trong thuc pham yd. ngan can cac chat dinh duethg tir moi truang qua mang to bdo vi sinh vat. Co 2 bien phap tao nong dO tham thau cao trong thuc pham ld sir dung muoi va diremg.

+ Co 3 phuong phap mu6i 6 bao quan thuc pham:

a) Mu& kilo: Trong d6 thuc pham se hap thu luting mu6i cao, va nu& mu&

40 IL,,,_____,

luon luon chay thoat ra ngoai.

b) Mu& uort: Mu16i va nuot trong thuc phdm dugc hod tan thanh dung dich muoi va bao quan thuc pham.

c) Mu& trong dung dich da c6 sari ntmg d8' muoi thich hap.

+ Muai an it khi &coy dimg mot minh cue bao quail thy.c pham, thithng throe cho them mot luvng muoi khac ... de bao quan, do có mot so loci vi sinh ,vat gay benh nhu. Vibrio cholerae co. the song rat nhieu ngay trong dung dich muoi nhgt.

+ Bao quan thuc pham bang sir dung ntmg d8 duerng thich hop khong thap hon 60%.

Mot ,s6 flan m8c, nam men, cling c6 the phat trien ntmg dO throng cao, nen rat can b8 sung th8m IcS'T thuat bao goi kinh va ket hop vai diet khuan d8 bao quan lau hon.

1.5. Bit° qua," v ti nang dO pH thich hop va len men:

Co rat nhieu loai vi khuan bi ngimg boat Ong trong moi trirong c6 ntmg d8 axit cao. Axit hod moi truang thuc pham bang each cho them acid vao thuc pham hoac 18n men thuc pham d8 dat dugc d(5 pH clued 4 d8. Trong ky thuat 18n men thuong sir dung chang Lactobacillus d8 san xuat acid lactic.

Trong qua trinh len men, co mot s6 thanh phan khac dirge hinh thanh va c6 tac dung ngan can su phat trien cua vi sinh vat 18n men lactic, gay b'enh va lam bien chat hu hong thuc pham.

1.6. Bilo quart biing cac chat bilo vain:

, Co kha nhieu chit hod hoc phu gia bao quail thuc pham ngan can su. phat trien va tiet chat dOc cua mot so chung vi sinh vat nhu: acid benzoic, boric, propionic va muoi cua chimg. Cling c6 the sir dung ket hop them cac acid hitu co (acetic, lactic) va muoi an.

1.7. Bao quith bling chieu xo thFc palm:

Sir dung ky thuat chiL tia xa gamma tir ngu6n Cobalt 60 ding vai ky thuat kich electron, To chirc Y to the gied (WHO) da danh gia chat luong va mire d8 an town thuc pham da qua chieu xa tir nhang nam 1980 va xac dinh ky thuat chiL xa voi lieu chi8u nh6 han 10 kilogray (Kgy) khong gay anh hiremg tai sire khoe con ngtro.i.

Voi lieu thap han, chieu xa thuc pham se phong ngira va ngan su nay mam cua khoai tay, hanh, di8t con trung va keo dai tiled gian bao quan. lieu trung binh tir 1 den 10 kilogray c6 the giam su o nhiem vi khuan gay b8nh nhu Salmonella; sir dung trong bao quan gia cam, tom, chan ech. Vai lieu cao han da &roc sir dung de di8t cac loai vi khuan c6 bao tir gay o nhiem trong cac loai rau ciz va gia vi.

2. Dieu kien kho bao quail nguyen lieu, thirc phAm:

- Nguy8n lieu tho phai dugc phan loai theo tong loai nguy8n li8u thirc phdm

41

rieng, dugc luu gift trong khu luu tat rieng biet.

- Kho bao (pan nguyen lieu thO can dugc thiet ke, trang bi thiet bi phir hop \Jeri loai thgc pham can bao quan. Co,quat thong gi6 va tot nhat la c6 may dieu hod khong khi. TuST theo loai thuc pham, c6 may diet' chinh nhiet dO, Os am (tu bao quan &rig lanh, to lanh, bao quail mat, bao quan nhiet dO thuerng...). Phai c6 may ghi nhiet d0, d0 am de theo doi hang ngay.

- Thgc pham dOng horn, bao, tui... phai de tren cac ke ke cach mat san it nhat 20 cm, cach Wong kho it nhat 30 cm, cach tran toi thieu 50 cm va giCra cac lo, cac ke can c6 loi di de de kiem tra.

- Kho phai sap xep ngan nap, trat tir theo nguyen fac: hang vao truov ra truck (first in, first out)

- Khong dugc de cac hang khong phai thuc pham vao kho thuc pham.

- Phai co bien phap phong ch6ng dOng vat gay hai, con trUng, cac m6i nguy hod hoc, vat ly nhiem vao thuc pham khi bao quan thgc pham trong kho.

- CO the dO khi trUng tay ue kho, the do kiem tra, the do xuat, nhap kho.

III. BAO DAM AN TOAN THIIC PHAM TRONG VAN CHUYEN THVC PHAM:

1. Phtnrng den van chuyen:

Phuong tien van chuyen phai dam bao cac yeu cau sau:

- Dugc the tao bang vat lieu khong lam O nhiem dux pham hoac bao goi thirc pham, de lam sach. Phai dugc co rtira, lam ve sinh, kith trUng dinh kSi sau moi lan van chuyen thuc pham.

- Khong van chuyen thirc pham ding hang hod dOc hai hoac c6 the gay nhiem cheo anh huong den chat luvng thirc pham hoac truck do khong dugc van chuyen hod chat, vat lieu xay dung...

- Bao dam dieu kien bao quail thirc pham trong suot qua trinh van chuyen: Thgc pham dong thanh cac dun vi, suat an, thanh cac thi-1g, horn... dugc day kin khi van chuyen. Sap xep khi van chuyen de dam bac), khong do va, 0 nhiem, chong ruoi, bo, bui... Tot nhat c6 phuang tien van chuyen chuyen dung cho thirc pham.

2. Che coo van chuyen:

TuST theo loai thirc an, thirc pham ma quy dinh the do van chuyen thich hop. VOi thuc pharn can bao quan lanh, phai dung xe bao On hoac trop da trong suot qua trinh van chuyen.

IV. XAY DUNG VA THIET LAP HE THONG TU' KIEM SOAT CHAT LUVNG, AN TOAN THVC PHAM TAI CO SO THEO NGUYEN TAC HACCP

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1. HACCP LÀ GI?

HACCP la ten viet tat caa cac chir "Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point". Co ngliia la "phan tich moi nguy va diem kiem soat to7 han". HACCP la each tiep can c6 tinh he thong; theo quan diem phong ngira; dua tren nguyen tac phan tich cac moi nguy de kiem soat tai diem kiem soat tai han nham dam bao ATTP.

• Trong nhtrng nam gan day, van de ve sinh an toan thuc pham da ngay cang tra nen nghiem trong va dugc chinh pha nhieu quoc gia quan tam thuc hien. Hau het ,cac to chac, cac doanh nghiep san xuat thuc pham da nhan biet ro rang han ve tam quan trong caa ve sinh an toan thuc pham doi \Teri sac khoe con ngu&i. HACCP la mat cong, cu hfru hieu giap cac doanh nghiep san xuat thuc pham c6 the kiem sok dugc van de nay.

• Noi each khac, HACCP la mat he thong kiem soat cac mai nguy hiem va rui ro cho an toan thuc pham trong suot qua trinh che Nen.

• Tir khi ra dad va dugc cai tien theo tong giai doan, He thong HACCP da chang minh dugc kha nang kiem soat va giam thieu dugc nhang rai ro cho an toan thuc pham trong tat ca cac cong doan che Nen, ke tir lac bat dau la nguyen vat lieu cho den nhang btrac cuoi ding nhu clang g6i, luu,kho, bao quan phan phoi san pham. HACCP da thgc six tra thank mot he thong an toan dux pham hoan chinh cho cac phucmg phap kiem tra truyen thong vi HACCP chn trong den kiem soat qua trinh chir khong chi dcm thuan la kiem tra chat lugng san pham cuoi ding.

2. Tai sao phai xay dung he thong HACCP ?

• HACCP la mat he thong to ra rat hieu qua \Teri cac muc dich ngan ngira, giam thieu hoc loai bo nhfing moi nguy hiem cho an toan thuc pham xuong den mac chap nhan dugc.

, • He thong HACCP dugc xay dung nham bao ve san pham kh6i bi nhiem ban to cac tac nhan sinh hoc, hoa hoc va vat VI hoc, qua do chang minh dugc tinh an toan va clang tin cay cua san pham.

• He thong HACCP c6 the vi nhu mat he thong bao ve trung thanh cho sac khoe con nguai moi khi sir dung thuc pham dugc san xuat teen nhang quy trinh cong nghe do HACCP kiem soat.

3. Bay nguyen tic cua HACCP:

- Nguyen tic 1: Tien hanh phan tich cac mai nguy Xac dinh cac mai nguy tiem an a moi giai doan anh huang tai an toan thuc pham tir soy che, che bien, phan phai cho tai khau tieu thu cuai cung. Danh gia kha Wang xuat hien cac moi nguy va xac dinh cac bien phap kiem sok chang.

- Nguyen tic 2: Xac dinh cac diem kiem soat tai han

Xac dinh cac diem kiem soat tai han tai tirng cong doan cua chuoi cung ang thuc pham can dugc kiem sok de loai b6 cac moi nguy hoac han che kha !fang xuat hien caa chang.

43

- Nguyen tic 3: Xac dinh cac gioi han toi han Xac dinh cac gioi han tai han khong dugc vuot qua (hoac phai dat toi,— VD. Nhiet lu0c/ chien...) nham dam bao khong che c6 hieu qua cac diem kiem soat toi han. Kiem tra trong QCVN ve HACCP

- Nguyen tic 4: Thik lap he theing giam sat cac diem kiem soat toi han Xay dung N thong cac chuong trinh thir nghiem hoac quan sat nham giam sat tinh trang cua cac diem kiem soat toi han.

- Nguyen tic 5: Xac dinh cac hoat dOng khac phuc can phai tin hanh khi he thong giam sat cho thay tai mot diem kiem soat toi han nao do khong dugc thuc hien day du

- Nguyen tic 6: Xac lap cac thu tuc tham tra de khang dinh he thOng HACCP clang hoat dOng c6 hieu qua.

- Nguyen tic 7: Thik lap he thO'ng tai lieu lien quan den moi thu tuc, hoat dOng cua chuong trinh HACCP phu hop vai cac nguyen tac teen va cac buoc ap dung chung.

4. Mtriri hai biroc de ip dung HACCP

a) Bulk 1 - Thanh lap dOi HACCP

- DOi HACCP la nh6m ngueyi &rot giao trach nhiem xay dung va to chirc thuc hien Ice hoach HACCP tai moi co s6. Vi \Tay cac thanh vien dOi HACCP can dat nhung yeu cau:dirgc dao tao kien thirc HACCP; hieu Net va c6,kinh nghiem ye mot hoac mot , linh vuc,cong nghe the Nen they san/ thuc pham hoac hoa hoc, sinh hoc, vat 15, hoac ket cau nha xuang, trang thiet bi, may moc the Nen; am hieu tinh hinh chung dm xi nghiep; c6 kien thirc ve kiem soat ve sinh trong nha may, ki'em soat chat luang phong kiem nghiem

- Thu tuc thanh lap d(ii phai dugc the hien bang guy& dinh thanh lap dOi HACCP do lanh dao ca soy 14/ ban hanh. Quyk dinh phai c6 phan cong nhiem vu cua timg thanh vien trong dOi HACCP.

b) &roc 2 va 3 - MO ta san pham va phuong thirc sir dung

- NhOm san pham tuong to (Similar Product Group): Nhom cac san pham c6 quy trinh ding nghe tuong to va c6 cung mirc nguy co khi sir dung. Viec xac dinh nhom san pham tuong to de thuan tien trong mo ta san pham, giam bat cac chuong trinh GMP va ke hoach HACCP.

- Nhom san pham Wang to co mirc nguy ca cao va nguy co thap.

+ San pham c6 mirc nguy ca cao la: Thuc pham an lien va/ hoac ban than loci thug san d'a c6 moi nguy gan lien voi no; san pham CO nguo' n go"c tir nuoi trong; san pham da qua xir ly nhiet.

+ San pham co mirc c/0 nguy co thap la: san ph6 con lai, khong thuOc nhom nguy co cao.

- Sir dung Bang mo ta san pham de minh hoa cho bulk mo to san pham va xac dinh phuong thirc sir dung san pham.

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Yeu efiu tien

quyet

■ MI

Chuang trinh lien

quyet

Dieu kien tien

quyet

- Nha xtromg, trang thiet bi &rig) - Con nguiri

c) Buok 4 - Xay dung so 6 quy trinh ding nghe

- So 6 quy trinh cong nghe la mot cong cu quan trong de xay dung Ice hoach HACCP;

- Yeu cAu cua viec xay dung so d quy trinh cong nghe trong qua trinh xay dung ke hoach HACCP phai dam bao: D'ay du cac buoc, dung trinh tu, dU cac thong so va cac thao tac, don gian ri5 rang.

d) Buck 5 - Kiem tra so 6 quy trinh cong nghe ten thuc t6' (

- Kim tra so 6 quy trinh cong nghe teen thuc to nham thAm tra tinh xac thuc cila so do va mo to quy trinh, thuc hien hieu chinh cho dUng,voi thuc to (Phat hien nhfing mo to chua chinh xac; tranh 1)6 sot cong doan). DOng thoi thu thap kinh nghiem -dux to cua nhang nguoi truc tiep san xuat va nh'an dien so 1DO ve moi nguy gay mat an toan thuc pham

- Thuc hien kien tra theo trinh to cac cong doan san xuat it nhAt 2 lAn, trong d6 it nhat 1 lan hog Ong the bien clang dien ra. KhOng b6 qua bat dr cong doan va thao tac nao, chi" y den dtrerng di dm san pham, ntrot da, ding than, phe thai va khong khi. Ph6ng van nhang nguoi c6 lien quan toi san xuat (neu can)...

e) Tir bulk 6-12 chinh la thuc hien 7 nguyen tac HACCP.

5. Quin 157 chat Itrong theo HACCP

5.1 He thong quan 1ST chat luvng theo HACCP

He thong quan VT chAt ltrong theo HACCP bao gt)m ditu kien tien quy6t, chuang trinh tien guy& va ke hoach HACCP, cu the nhu hinh sau:

5.2. Dieu kien tien quyet

- Nha xtrong,,trang thik (goi chung la phAn cong) va ca ,con nguoi la nhang dieu kien dau tien (diet' kien tien quyet) ma co sä san xuat kinh doanh thuc plAm phai co truck khi di vao hog ding. Day la ditu kien can. KhOng the c6

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chuang trinh quan 15T chat luting, du la HACCP hay ISO...tren mot mieng dat trong, khong nha xuerng, khong trang thiet bi, khong con nguai.

- Dieu kien tien quyet la mot thanh phan eau thanh trong toan bO he th6ng quan 1ST chat luting theo HACCP. No,dugc vi nhu nen mong trong mot ngoi nha: neu nen mong cang yang chic thi phan not phia ten no (chuang trinh quan 1ST'

chat luting - phan mem) cang ben vimg va ngugc lai.

- Nguyen, 1T HACCP, tirc la phan tich moi nguy va ra cac phap phOng ngira can thiet c6 the ap dung dugc moi nai, trong moi hoan canh. Nhung chuang trinh quan VI chat luting HACCP chi co the ap dung co hie'u qua trong mot dieu kien nhat dinh, d6 la:

+ Phai c6 nha xuong dugc 136 tri hop 1)'/, 1(61 eau bang vat lieu thich hop va an toan ye sinh.

+ Phai c6 trang thiet bi thich hop vii ding nghe ch6 bie'n, lam bang vat lieu thich hop va an toan ye sinh.

+ Phai c6 nhang con nguoi dugc ciao tao kiL thirc can thi6t d van hanh va bao tri tot nha xuang thiet bi, ding nhu c6 kha !ling ap dung nhang tien 1)0 dm khoa hoc ky thuat \Tao san xuat.

- Co nha xuang, thiet bi tot thoi chua clu. Nha wan* thie't bi se khong phat huy dugc het tinh Wang va se nhanh ch6ng xuong cap neu khong c6 nhung con nguai c6 kien thine, dirgc ciao tao va lam quan tam den chat luting san pham. CO the nOi con nguai la yeu to quan trong nhat trong vi'ec ap dung chiming trinh quail 15, chat luting theo HACCP. De dam bao co the ap dung thanh cong HACCP, ben canh yeu eau ve nguOn tai chinh, ngu'on nhan luc la y'L to c6 tinh chat quye't dinh.

- Yeu eau cu the v'e dieu kien tier' quye't dugc quy dinh trong cac quy chuan ve dieu kien bao dam ATTP trong san xuat they san (Thong to 47/2009/TT-BNNPTNT, 02/2012/TT-BNNPTNT).

5.3. Chuang trinh tier' quyet

- Ngoai die‘u kien tien guy& can phai co cac chuang trinh lien quyk la GMP va SSOP. Noi each khac, GMP va SSOP tao nen mong cho vie‘c ap dung HACCP. DOng thoi ding voi cac ke hoach HACCP, GMP va SSOP tao thanh chucmg trinh quan Vf chat luting.

- Nhu vay he th6ng HACCP phai dugc xay dung tren nen tang yang chic cua cac Qui pham san xuat (GMP) va Qui pham ve sinh (SSOP) thi moi c6 the thanh cong.

5.3.1. Qui pham san xuat (GMP)

a) Qui pham san xuat (GMP - Good Manufacturing Practices) la cac qui dinh, bien phap, cac thao tic thuc hanh can tuan thu nham dam bao hoat cong san xuat tao ra nhang san pham dat yeu eau ve chat luting.

b) Pham vi kie‘m soat cua GMP:

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- M6t san phdm &roc xem la c6 chit luting tat khi no th6a man 3 yeu cat' sau: (1) An toan v8 sinh: khong gay hai sire lchoe cho nguiyi tieu clUng; (2) Dam bao tinh kha dung: dap img cac yeu cau mong muon cua ngu&i tieu dung la san pham phai ngon, dep, tirc la ve mau sac, mui vi, co cau,.; (3) Dam bao tinh kinh te: khOng gay thi4 hai cho nguiri tieu dung (nhu thieu trong luting, sai Ca, loai,...), nhung &Ong thai ding khong gay thi8t hai cho ban than nguai san xuat (nhu qua du tong hrong, ...).

-,D8 tao ra san phim chit luting tot, GMP gifip nha san xudt ki8m,soat tat ca cac yeu to quan den chat luting san pham trong qua trinh san xuat, tir,khau tiep than nguyen cho den thanh pham cuoi ding. Cac yeu to d6 c6 the chia thanh 4 nh6m yeu to:

+ Nguyen li8u va cac hop phin (phu gia, nuac, nuac da,...)

+ Cac thong s6 cong ngh8 a-16 nhi8t d6, died gian ch6 bien, nong d6 muoi, pH,...

+ MOi tru&ng the V8 sinh ca nhan, ve sinh nha 'cueing, thi6t

+ Tay ngh'e cua cong nhan.

5.3.2. Qui pham v8 sinh (SSOP)

a) Qui pham ve sinh SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) la qui trinh, thu tuc, huong dan lam ve‘ sinh va cac thu tuc kiem sok v8' sinh.

Quy pham ve sinh &roc xay dung va ap dung d8 dat &roc cac yeu eau ve ve sinh chung cua GMP. GMP nhu la mot hinh thirc cat ngang theo cong,doan cua quy trinh ch8 bi8n thi SSOP lai la nhang linh v-krc chung lien quan den ca qua trinh the bien, phu thu6c it vao quy trinh cong nghe‘ cu the.

b) Cac linh vuc ki8m sok cua SSOP

- SSOP phai xay dung va kiem sok cu thIe la 10 linh we (an toan nuac, nuac da, be mat tiep xfic vai san pham, ve sinh ca nhan, ngan,ngira nhiem cheo, chong dOng vat gay hai, bao ve san pham khong bi nhiem ban, six khoe dog nhan, bao quan va sir dung hod chat, quanb■ chat thai). Yeu cau cua moi linh vtrc c6 the tuy thu6c vao luat le cua tong thi truing. M6t Mill v%rc kiem soat cua SSOP c6 the la tap hop nhiing khia canh cua nhieu van de (nhu chong,nhiem cheo) cling co anh we chi, quy dinh rieng cho mot lchia earth mot van de (nuac, nuac

va co the tham chieu den nhau, tuy vay phan bit cang ro cac linh vtre thi cang de dang khi thiet lap va thkrc

- Ca s& can can cu hi8n trang diL kin cua minh v'e cac yeu to vat chAt (thie't bi nha xtrong..) dam bao cling nhu to chirc nhan sly thvc to de xay dung SSOP sao cho dam bao kiem sok day du cac linh vuc neu tren, khong han the c6 bao nhieu quy pham trong co so cua minh.

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BAI 5: TH HANH TOT AN TOAN THVC PHAM TRONG SO CHE, CHE BIEN THLT'C PHAM

I. Thtrc hanh tot an toan thkrc phAm dtoi ntro.c the bien:

- Lua chon/xay dung he th6ng xir 1y nuac phii hop de co ngu6n cung cap dap img yeu cau chat luting nuac theo Quy chuan Viet Nam (QCVN 01:2009/BYT) va cac tieu chuan tham chieu theo mot so thi tnxang.

- Lap so, d6 he th6ng nuac den timg voi sir dung de co the de clang nhan dien tren so do clang nhu tren thgc to

- Dam bao nuac ap cung cap day phii hop theo tirng cong don san xuat, che bien

- Duy to bac) dua'ng va lam ve sinh dinh kST he thOng xir ly, cung cap nuac.

- Lay mau phan tich nuac dinh kST, luan phien cac vi tri va xir VT kip theri,khi ket qua phan tich cho thay chat luting nuac khong dam bao; lim trit day duho so giarn sat chat luting nuac.

II. Thtrc hanh tot an toan thcrc phi'm muck di:

- Lga chon cac ngu6n cung cap tit cac co so san xuat nuac di diL kien an toan thtrc pham; nguon nuac de san xuat nuacda. Va. chat luting nuac da phai dap, irng quy chuan Viet Nam (QCVN 01:2009/BYT) va cac tieu chuan tham chieu theo mot so thi truang.

- Luu tat day duh6 so giam sat chat luting nuac dd.

- Cac phuong tien van chuye'n, bao quan nuac da phai dam bao ve sinh va khOng la nguon lay nhiem cho san pham thgc pham trong qua trinh bao quan

III. Thtrc hanh tot ve sinh be mat tiep xtic trtrc tiep (that, dao, thung china, thau ro, mat ban, be mat thiet b1...):

- V4t lieu phai ben, khong tham nuac, khong bi an mon, khong gay d6c, chiu duoc tac dung dm tac nhan tay rira va kith trimg.

- Cac be m'a't va mai not nhan, de lam ve sinh.

- Cac dung cu khong sir dung chung (16 san xuat san pham có mirc d6 rui ro khac nhau (vi du: san pham so the &mg lanh va an lien...)

- Duoc bao guar' a not cc') diL kien ve sinh tuong duong khu vvc san xuat ch6 bian.

- Bao tri dinh kSr.

- Lua chon tac, nhan lam sach va khir triing ding nhu quy trinh lam ve sinh phii hop cho tirng doi tugng.

IV. Thtrc hanh tot ngan ngira lay nhiem cite()

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o - Moi hoat dOng luu chuyen cac dOi,tuong km thong qua lai c6 khi nang

gay ra lay nhiem san pham phai duce tinh den de ngan chin nhu san pham, nuac da, bao bi,, phe lieu, cong nhan va khach, hru thong khong khi (hilt gi6, cap gio); he thong thoat nu&c thai; viec be) tri, diet' hanh san xuat;

- Cac hoat dOng khac di the tao su lay nhigm cling can nhin dien va ngan chin nhu su ngung to hai nuac cac cau true phia tren san pham; khi nang kiem soat ve sinh cua cac be mat khong tiep xuc true tiep san pham; khi nang anh

cac chat dOc hai nhu dau boi trop,

- Ngoai ra, ngan ngixa khi nang lay nhigm cheo trong san xuat can quan tam den cac van de ton tai do nha xuang con ton tai nhUng thieu sot ve thiet ke, bo tri cling nhu cac hoat dOng hang ngdy trong qua trinh ch8 bien cda cac doi tuang kru thong.

V. Time hanh tot ve sinh ca nhan va kiem snit sire khoe cong nhan

Hoat dOng dam bao ve, sinh nhan rua va khir trimg tay, sir dung BHLD c6 anh huang true flop den chat luang an toan ve sinh san pham, do do ben canh viec trang bi du va dung phucmg tien can can phai dao tao ding nhan hieu rO tam quan trong cling nhu cach thuc hien hieu qua viec rira va khir trimg tay moi khi bat ,dau thuc hien viec san xuat. Qui pham nay mo to hien tang ve phuong tien thiet bi ve sinh de de ra cac hoat dOng bao tri hop ly. Phuong phap lam ve sinh dung cach phai duce mo to rti rang 6. quy pham nay.

Hoat dOng kiem soat sirc khoe cong nhan dinh kY hay khi tuyen dung clang nhu, hoat dOng cong nhan hang ngay nham, dam bao cong nhan khong la nguon lay nhiem vao san pham. Cac tuc cu the yeti cau nhfing nguai tham gia vao san xuat phai tuan thu can dugc neu ro ke ca cac nguyen tic quan ly ho tra khac nhu ciao tao nang cao y thirc to giac bao cao tinh trang sue khoe cling nhu giup cac can 1DO (wan ly phat hien cac truOng hop vi pham de chin chinh va xir lY kip tiled.

1. Duy tri dinh kY hang nam kham sire khoe va ca'y phan tim nguai lanh mang trimg.

3. Khong de m6ng tay dai, gift taysach se.

5.,Trang phuc ca nhan luon gift cach se, gon gang, co chip toc khi san xuat, the bien thkrc pham.

, 6. Khi c6 vet thuang ten da thi khOng ducc true tiep tier) xiic \Teri thucpham, can dugc bang 1)6 kin bang bang gac khong tham nuac.

7. Khong tiep thuc pham khi sot, bi cac benh truyen nhiim va cac chimg benh: lao, ly, thuong han, ta, is chay, mun nhot, son dai, son phan, viem gan virus, viem mai, viem hong mu, cac benh nhiem trimg ngoai da, cac benh da lieu, nguai lanh mang trimg duang runt.

8. Khong deo da trang sire khi tiep xdc yen thuc pham.

9. Khong dung tay true tiep de btic, chia thuc pham chin.

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10. Khong ho, hat hoi, xi mai, but thu6c, nhai keo, cuoi, not to trong khu vire san xuat, che bien thgc pham.

MOT S6 LIX Y THU'C HANH VE SINH TAY

1. Rira tay sau khi:

- Di ve sinh.

- Moi fan nghi giai lao.

- Ti6p xtic vii thuc phdm song.

- Tip xUc vii cac be mat bdn, d6 rdc, cdc loci hoa ch'dt.

- Xi mai, gai ngira, ngody tai, ngody mai hoac dung tay vao cdc bo phan ciia co the

- Hut thu6c.

- Dung tay vao sire vat

2. Rira tay truck khi:

- Tip xac vii thuc phdm

- Sdn xuat, the bin

- An u6ng.

3. Lau kilo tay sau khi rira bang khan,gidy dung m6t,ldn, khan bong sach hoac may thoi kilo. Cam lau vao quan do, \fay tap de.

, 4. Rira tay k57" Wang xaphong va wink such gan ban tay va mu ban tay, co tay cdc khe ngon tay va nep mong tay.

5. Khong cue mong tay dai ne"u c6 vet xu6c thi can dugc bang 1)6 bang gac khong tham nuerc va nen di gang tay khi tiep xiac vii thvc pham.

VI.Thtrc hanh tot bao quail va sir dung hoa chat

- Sir dung dung each:

+ Khong sir dung h6a chdt cam, khong trong Danh muc duvc phep sir dung trong ch6 bi6n thuc phdm

+ Sir dung boa chat theo dung hiring dan dia nha san xuat.

- Bdo quan hoa chdt phi' hop:

+ Khong bdo quangn lon gifia hoa chdt dOc va phu gia thuc phdm;

+ Co khu vire bao quan rieng;

+ Dung cu china dung phii hop

- Xay dtrng cdc thu tuc kie'm sodt, bao gam cdc not dung chinh:

+ Thu tuc thuc hien khi tip nhan hoa chdt (kie'm tra ngu'on g6c, d6iL ,chi vii danh muc hoa chat duvc phep sir dung theo quy dinh Bo Y te, kiern tra tinh day du, phi' hop dia cdc thong tin tren nhan, so luong/khoi luong, ...);

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+ Thu tuc sir dung hoa chat (nhan su, dao tao, cach sir dung, ..);

+ Thu tuc bao quan boa chat (nai bao quan, dung cu chira dung, ghi nhan, • •).

VII. Thtyc hanh tot kiem sok clang vat gay h4i

- DOng vat gay hai (con trang, gam nham, gia suc, gia cam) la cac loai dOng vat c6 kha nang nhiem ban lam mat ATTP cho san pham neu chUng xuat hien trong co sel, dac biet la cac khu vuc san xuat.

- De ngan ngira cac loai d'Ong vat gay hai xam nh'ap vao phan xtrang, can c6 he thong ngan cian tot: c6 N thong Wong, cira kin; O thong gi6, lo thoang c6 hroi chan; cira thong ra ngoai c6 man chan ruoi; ho ga dang by nuac; thtrang xuyen lam vesinh trong va ngoai phan xuang de loai trir cac khu vuc d'Ong vat gay hai c6 the an nau;

- De tieu diet dOng vat gay hai, thuc hien at by chuOt, phun thuc diet con tang, ..

+ Cac vi tri d'at by chuCit phai dam bao ch4n dugc tat ca cac vi tri chOt có the xam nhAp vao phan

+ Viec phun thu& diet con trUng phai dam bao khong anh huong den qua trinh san xuat, da'c biet la khong lam nhiem ban san pham.

VIII. Thtyc hanh got kiem soat chAt thai

Chat thai trong qua trinh san xuat g6m chat thai ran, chat thai long can dugc quy hoach to truac khi thuc hien san xuat ve he,thong thu gom va xir bao gam ca viec to chuc loai 1)6 ra khoi khu vuc san xuat. Dung cu, con ngued, diet' kien thkrc hien can dam bao mai boat diing dien ra khong la nguyen nhan gay nhiem ban cho san pham.

D6i voi chat thai ran:

- Dung cu thu gom, van chuyen, chira dung pile lieu phii hop, khong lam lay nhiem cho san pham trong qua trinh san xuat

- Co tan suat van chuyen pile lieu ra khoi khu vuc san xuat phii hop

- Thao tac thu gom, van chuyen phe lieu phai khong anh huang den boat &Ong san xuat (da'c biet la khong lam nhiem ban san pham) va mai truong xung quanh.

- Can dinh kSf lam ve sinh, bao tri plmang tien, dung cu china dung, noi chda phe lieu.

Doi ved chat thai long:

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- He thong that mac thai, hO thOng xir ly nu& thai phai dam bao khong la nguon lay nhiem cho san pham va dap (mg you cau theo quy dinh ye bao ye moi truemg.

- Dam bao khOng bi dOn tic, U dong, qua cong suit;

- Lam ve sinh, bao tri dinh kjf.

- Co bin phap ngan chin mac thai chay nguoc vao khu vuc san xudt (vi du: khi c6 mua 16n).

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