Tanchangya Jati 2000 · m~PxcÎ gyLeÜ 5 1| mv‡cÖ ev ˆ`bvK Us -Ps -q¨v weeiY 7 2| ZÂ½¨v‡`i mgZxZ ms¯‹…wZ 16 3| ZÂ½¨v‡`i mgZxwZ Rxeb 20

MÖš’bv ∆ iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v evjvNvUv, ev›ìevb|

cÖ_g cÖKvk ∆ GwcÖj 2000 mvj

¯Z¡ ∆ MÖš’Kvi KZ©„K me© Ë¡ msiwÿZ

cÖKvkK ∆ iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v

cÖ”Q` ∆ MvRx Kw¤úDUvi

gy`ª‡Y ∆ MvRx Kw¤úDUvi 158, G‡fwbD feb (‡Rbv‡ij nvmcvZv‡ji mvg‡b) Av›ìwKjøv, PÆMÖvg| †dvb : 637497

ZÂ½¨v RvwZi BwZnvm, fvlv, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ welqK AviI AwaK eB †c‡Z Avgv‡ì ‡gBj Kiæb t [email protected]

GB wVKvbvq|

m~PxcÎ gyLeÜ 5

1| mv‡cÖ ev ˆ`bvK Us-Ps-q¨v weeiY 7 2| ZÂ½¨v‡ì mgZxZ ms¯‹…wZ 16 3| ZÂ½¨v‡ì mgZxwZ Rxeb 20 4| mgZxZ wb`k©b 25 5| Abb¨ `„wó‡Z ZÂ½¨v RvwZ 29 6| mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi `vex 32 7| ¯viKwjwc cÖ vb 34 8| K…wZZ¡ I Ae`vb 41-55

t cvjKab ZÂ½¨v t kÖxgr AvPvi gnv ’wei t dzjbv_ ZÂ½¨v t ivRKwe cgjvab ZÂ½¨v t ‡Mvexbv_ ZÂ½¨v t MxsLyjx †kÖô ivRwMsLyjx RqP›`ª ZÂ½¨v (Kvbv wMsLyjx) t KweiZœ KvwË©K P› ª ZÂ½¨v t wfÿz kÖxgr †ÿgvsKi gnv ’wei t kÖx †hv‡Mk P› ª ZÂ½¨v t kÖx Ck¦i P›`ª ZÂ½¨v t kÖx exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v t kÖx KzÄ ZÂ½¨v

9| ‡K †Kvb wel‡q me© cÖ_g 56 10| ZÂ½¨v‡ì g‡a¨ D”P wkÿv (wWMÖx) jvf 60 11| ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlvi wbR¯^ I AbyKiY kã 62 12| ZÂ½¨v‡ì mvgvwRK AvBb 66 13| ‡èvb ev MveyR¨v †èvb 69 14| ZÂ½¨v fvlvq cÖev` I cÖePb 70 15| evbv (avuavu) 82 16| ev`¨ hš¿ I ivM 87-91

t ‡LsLs t ayiæK t wkOvj t Pzgv t ‡ejv

17| ZÂ½¨v‡ì MQv ¸BwË (‡MvÎ †Mvôx) 92 18| evBb& 93

19| cmb& (wKmmv ev iƒcK_v) 95 20| Rywgqv avb 96

21| Ry‡g Drcvw`Z K…wl RvZ 97-101

t fvZ KvBZ& t avMvcs t ‡gvMjx †R‡ibv t avb †R‡ibv t ‡KvBb& t NyP¨v (wZj) t gyK¨v ev fzÆv t cvnvox Avjy t KPz t Kjv t RsjxKjv t Dj/‡e‡Oi QvZv/gvkiæg

22| dzj 102 23| ZÂ½¨v‡ì ïf Aïf ev AvPiY 103 24| `y‡h©vM 106 25| cïcvwL KxU cZ‡½i eb¨v 107 26| jøvs‡MB Wi 108 27| wgwRwjK Wi 109 28| ‡LZvex cÖfvekvjxM‡Yi `vcU 111 29| cÖRv‡ì Dci AvBb Rvix 112 30| ivDjx cy‡ivwnZ I ag© 113 31| Lªxóvb a‡g© AeMvnb 116 32| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †fŠMwjK weeiY 116 33| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wefw³ 119 34| cve©Z¨ msKU ch©v‡jvPbv 119 35| ZÂ½¨v‡ì evP¨vbx (RvMibx) MxZ 123

gyLeÜ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcRvwZq‡ì g‡a¨ PvKgv, gvigv (gM), wÎcyiv, ZÂ½¨v,

†¤ªv, PvK, wiqvs, Lywg, cvsLyqv I eb‡hvMx (eg) cÖf…wZ D‡jøL †hvM¨| b„ZvwË¡K w`K †_‡K GB mKj DcRvwZ g‡½vwjq e‡Y©i| Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki i‡q‡Q Avcb Avcb fvlv I mvs¯‹…wZK êwkó¨| PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlv A‡bKUv evsjvi mg‡MvÎxq Ges B‡›`v-Avh© fvlv †Mvôx fz³ e‡j AwfwnZ| gM ev gvigv‡ì fvlv egx© fvlvi AšÍf©~³| wÎcyiv‡ì fvlv A‡bKUv wZeŸ‡Zv eg©b Ges cvsLyqv eg jy‡mB cÖf…wZ wg‡Rv RvwZ fz³ †jv‡Kiv jvB-Pxb fvlvfvlx| fvlv we‡f` Qvov wewfbœ ag©g‡Zi cÖfve DcRvZxq RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ jÿYxq| PvKgv gvigv ZÂ½¨viv †eŠ× ag©vej¤x| PvK I †¤ªv RvwZiv gM ev gvigv‡ì mvwbœ‡aï cvkvcvwk AwaKvsk ‡eŠ×ag©vej¤x| wÎcyiviv wn›`y a‡g© wek¦vmx Ges cvsLyqv eg jy‡mBiv L„óvb a‡g©i Abymvix| AvaywbK ag©gZ MÖnY Kiv m‡Z¡I †Kvb DcRvwZB cÖK…wZ c~Rvi cÖfve †_‡K gy³ bq| dj-dzj I bvbv DcKiY w`‡q b`x e„ÿ cÖf…wZi c~Rv Kivi †iIqvR Ges cï cvLx ewj cÖ_v Av‡Rv me DcRvwZi mvgvwRK wµqv Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ wea„Z n‡q Av‡Q| cÖavb DcRxweKv Ryg Pv‡li ms‡MB AwaKvsk c~Rv AvPvi mswkøó|

c„w_exi †h †Kvb †`‡ki, †h †Kvb RvwZi †Kvb BwZnvm MÖš’ Lyj‡jB †`L‡Z cvB Gi cvZv¸jv ‡m me †`‡ki ev RvwZi ivRv ev kvmK‡ì Kvwnbx‡ZB ficyi| Avmj RbM‡Yi myL- ytL, K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ, DrcwË Ges DÌvb-cZb wKsev fvM¨ wech©q BZ¨vwì †Kvb Qvqv †m BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ c‡owb| †Kej `xN© wbe‡Ü bicwZ wKsev †m RvwZi Rb¨ †MŠi‡ev¾¡j Kvwnbx w`‡q Av‡jvP¨ kZvãxi weeiYx wjwce× n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ GB bvqK‡ì ev eskai‡ì †K›`ª K‡i RbZvi †h cÖevn AvewZ©Z n‡Z n‡Z m`¨ D˜MZ cve©Z¨ † ªvZ¯Zxi b¨vq yÕ cv‡ki Zxi f~wg‡K AvNvZ nvb‡Z nvb‡Z Avcb Av‡e‡M, KLbI gš’i KLbI DÏvg MwZ‡Z AcwiwPZ hvÎvc‡_ GwM‡q Pj‡Q, we›`y we›`y Rj KYvq MwVZ †mB wekvj evwi‡`‡ni †Kvb ¯Zš¿ cwiPq- Zvi Avkv AvKv•Lv, e¨_v-‡e`bv, mvdj¨-e¨_©Zv, ¯cœ I ev ÍeZvi †Kvb Av‡jL¨ wbe‡Ü Zz‡j aiv cÖ‡qvR‡b Av‡mwb|

AvR ixwZ e`‡j‡Q, HwZnvwm‡Ki `„wó fw½ e`‡j‡Q, gvby‡li iæwP e`‡j‡Q| ZvB RbM‡Yi Avcb Kvwnbx mg„× BwZnvm iPbvi cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| wkjv cv‡Î, Zv¤ª cv‡Î, ¯§„wZ ‡mŠ‡a, cÖkw Í wjwc‡Z ¯xq K…wZZ¡ Kvwnbx wea„Z wewea Kve¨ m¤¢v‡i ivRbë„›` Zuv‡ì †MŠie Mv_v cÖPvwiZ K‡i‡Qb, RbMY Zv cv‡ibwb|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 5

Zv m‡Z¡I RbMY Zuv‡ì kÖg w`‡q, i³ w`‡q, eyw× w`‡q, cÖwZfv w`‡q ivRbë„‡›ì †h KxwZ© Mv_v iPbv K‡i Avm‡Q c‡iv‡ÿ Zv wb‡RiB Agi KxwZ© Mv_v n‡q †eu‡P Av‡Q|

RbM‡Yi †h ewjô evûi Dci, D`vi ü`q fiv cÖkvšÍ eÿ c‡Ui Dci †m RvwZi ivRbë„‡›ì gvwbK¨ LwPZ wmsnvmb cÖwZwôZ, RvwZi Rb¨, †`‡ki Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z †mB ewjó evû Ges D`vi ü`‡qi cwiPq Kvwnbx‡Z cÖwZdwjZ nqbv- BwZnv‡mi c_-cwiµgvq †`k †_‡K †`kvšÍ‡i, ’vb †_‡K GB my`xN© mÂiY c‡_ cv‡_q mÂ‡qi wbwgË AvivKv‡bi ˆ`sbvK ZÂ½¨v‡ì `xN© cÖevm Rxeb, gnvKv‡ji mgq MYbvi wnmv‡e GB RvwZi Rb¨ GKwU Awfkß gyûZ©| AvivKv‡bi `xN© hvÎv weiwZ †k‡l G AÂ‡j AvMg‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z cÖwZ‡ekx e„nr RvwZ mZ¡v mg~‡ni ms‡M HK¨Zvi bxo, iPbvi cÖv_©bv Zz”QZvq cwiYZ nq| d‡j wbqZ msNvZ I mgš‡qi d‡j fvlvq, wek¦v‡m, AvPv‡i, mvgwMÖK K…wói weeZ©‡b, wPšÍvq, gb‡b, gvbwmKZvq I g~j¨‡ev‡a †h wecyj cðvrc` n‡Z n‡q‡Q Zvi mgxÿv MÖn‡Yi welq B`vwbs G ch©v‡q †hvM¨Zi M‡elK‡ì Dci Avkv †Q‡o w`‡q Zv‡ì Rb¨ cy ÍKwU iPbv Kijvg hviv ˆ`sbvK ZÂ½¨v bv‡g Ae‡nwjZ RvwZ|

Avgvi ¯í mxgve× Áv‡bi cwim‡i cy ÍKwU mvnm K‡i wjL‡Z wM‡q evi evi wecv‡K c‡owQ| wewfbœ cyuw_ msMÖn K‡i, wewfbœ cÖexb ¸Yx R‡bi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i Ges wewfbœ ’v‡b wM‡q ZÂ½¨v RvwZi Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© †hUzKz AwfÁvb jvf K‡iwQ †m AvnwiZ Z_¨vw` Øviv ZÂ½¨v RvwZi BwZnvm cÖKvk Kijvg| †Kbbv GKwU RvwZi Aw ÍZ¡ iÿv, K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ‡K wRqv‡bv Ges †`‡k we‡`‡kI cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i †`q GKgvÎ BwZnvm| myZivs BwZnvm wenxb †hgb GKwU RvwZ n‡Z cv‡ibv †Zgwb †m RvwZi mvsMVwbK êwkó¨Zv _vKvi K_v bq|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ wjLvi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi cigviva¨M‡Yi g‡a¨ Kwe KvwZ©K P›`ª ZÂ½¨v, ivR¸iæ AMÖesk gnv ’wei I mymvwnwZ¨K exiKzgvi ZÂ½¨v Avgv‡K c~Y© m¤§wZ c~e©K Drmvn w`‡q K…ZÁ fvRb n‡q‡Qb| † œ‡ni iZœv ZÂ½¨v, fvby ZÂ½¨v I iwb ZÂ½¨v GB cy ÍK Qvcvi Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q e‡j Zv‡ì‡K abëv` Rvbvw”Q|

MÖš’Kvi

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 6

mv‡cÖ ev ˆ`bvK& Us-Ps-q¨v weeiY

evsjv‡`‡ki c~e© mxgv‡šÍ DËi-`wÿY cÖjw¤Z 5093 eM© gvBj AvqZb wewkó GK we ÍxY© cve©Z¨vÂj‡K Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvgÓ ejv nq| GB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg wQ‡jv Mfxi AiY¨, wns ª cÖvYxKzj Ges `yM©g cvnvovÂj| GLv‡b cvnvox‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb Zv‡ì AvMgb wbM©gb Ges Ae¯’vb Aóv`k kZvãxi c~e© ch©šÍ G m¤ú‡K© Bs‡iRiv †Kb Avgv‡ì wbKUZg cÖwZ‡ekx ev½vjxivI wKQzB Rvb‡Zv bv| GgbwK eZ©gv‡bI G AÂ‡ji BwZnvm mevi Kv‡Q AbyÑvwUZ i‡q †M‡Q| AZx‡Z DËi c~e© fvi‡Zi mgMÖ AÂjwU ÔwKivU f~wgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| cieZ©xKv‡j AvivKvb mxgvbv ch©šÍ ÔKzwKj¨vÐÕ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| Gici Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j PÆMÖv‡gi GB cve©Z¨ †Rjv‡K ÔKvc©vm gnjÕ ejv n‡Zv|

fvi‡Zi Dci ÿz ª ÿz`ª eû ivR¨ wQ‡jv| Ime iv‡R¨ cwðgvÂ‡ji we‡`kx‡ì AvMgb ïiæ nq 700 Lªxóv‡ãi w`‡K| ÿz ª ÿz`ª ivRvM‡Yi ivR¨ mg~‡ni ‡Kvb mve©‡fŠg kvmb ÿgZvi Aw ÍZ¡ bv _vKvq Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZwnsmv I kÎæZv weivwRZ wQ‡jv| GB A‰bK¨ AvZ¥Kjn Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ esk †MvÎ, DuPz wbPz e‡Y©i †f`v‡f` _vKvi Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi Dci we‡`kxi weRq‡K mnRZi K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j eû ivRv ek¨Zv ¯xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb Avi wfbœ ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb| Ime Kvi‡Y DËi c~e© fvi‡Zi emevmiZ g‡½vjxq Rb‡Mvôx `wÿY c~e© w`‡K µ‡g µ‡g AMÖmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

Gfv‡e fvi‡Zi Avmvg I wÎcyiv ivR¨ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q Avmv GK GKwU g‡½vjxq Rb †Mvôx `wÿY w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ HKë× kw³ M‡o †Zv‡j ¯vaxb Rxeb hvc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ mv‡`sMÖx bv‡gi R‰bK e¨w³‡K ivRv g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| ivRv mv‡`sMÖx avwg©K I Zuvi A‡jŠwKK kw³ wQ‡jv e‡j MxsLyjx‡ì Mx‡Zi fvlvq †kvbv hvq| ivRv ˆmb¨ mvgšÍ msMÖn K‡i KvjvevNv (eZ©gv‡b Kzwgjøv †Rjv) iv‡Rï Rvwj cvMR¨v* bvgK ’v‡b ivRavbx ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq|

* Rvwj cvMR¨v GKwU eU RvZxq e„‡ÿi bvg| GB e„‡ÿi cvKv exR cvwLiv †L‡q Ab¨

GKwU eo Mv‡Qi Dci cvqLvbv K‡i Ges myweav g‡Zv n‡j †mLv‡b Pviv iƒ‡c Rb¥ nq| GB Pvivi wkuKo µ‡g e„w× †c‡q Rv‡ji g‡Zv mg Í MvQ‡K †cwP‡q wb‡R e„w× cvq Ges wekvj Rvwj cvMR¨v iƒ‡c †kvfv e×©b K‡i|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 7

mv‡`sMÖxi g„Zzï eû eQi ci GB es‡ki wePMÖx bv‡g DËim~ix ivRv †Pr-‡Zv-‡MŠs (PÆMÖvg) kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j ÔPÆMÖv‡gi BwZnvm (cÖvPxb Avgj) - gvneye ingvb Gi cy Í‡K D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z mv‡`sMÖxi †R¨ô cy‡Îi bvg wePMÖx*| D³ mg‡q PÆMÖv‡gi `wÿYvÂj mn †ivqvs (AvivKvb) Aewa kvmb Ki‡Zb A·vivRv| cvk¦©eZx© †`‡ki ivRvM‡Yi Kv‡Q ARvbv wQ‡jvbv Zuvi ˆmb¨ kw³ I civµ‡gi K_v| Gw`‡K wePMÖx ˆmb¨ msMÖn K‡i †Kvb GK ïfw`‡b wZwb †ewo‡q co‡jb A·vivRvi weiæ‡× hy×vwfhv‡b †mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e ivavgb I Rqivg `yB wePÿY †hv×v| hy‡× Dfq c‡ÿi eû‡jvK nZvn‡Zi ci Ae‡k‡l A·vivRv civwRZ n‡q evg©vq cjvqb K‡ib|

hy‡× eû ermi AeZxY© nevi ci wePMÖx Zvi wcZv-gvZv, åvZv-fwMœ I cÖwZ‡ekxi K_v g‡b c‡o cÖvY †Ku‡` I‡V| ZvB wZwb weR‡qi Avb›` Djøv‡m GKw`b ¯‡`‡ki w`‡K iIbv w`‡jb| ¯‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi Av‡M c‡_ ïb‡Z †c‡jb Zvi e„× wcZvi g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q, †QvU fvB D`MÖx ¯‡NvwlZ ivRv n‡q Zuv‡K ¯‡`‡k †div c‡_ evav †`qvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘wZ wb‡”Qb| GB msev` †c‡q wePMÖx LyeB gg©vnZ nb Ges Aby‡Ri yiwfmwÜ I wek¦vm NvZKZvq wZwb ¯‡`‡k ¯RvwZi gyL `k©b Ki‡Z bv †c‡i cybt Zuvi AwaK…Z †ivqvs iv‡R¨ A_©vr AvivKv‡b wd‡i hvb| 1100 Lªxóv‡ã †mLv‡b ’vqx emevm, ivR¨ kvmb I esk iÿvi Rb¨ ˆmb¨‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB wfbœ RvZxq igbx weevn K‡ib| Avevi A‡b‡KB ¯‡`‡k wM‡q ¯RvZxq igbx weevn K‡ib| Gfv‡e †ivqvs iv‡R¨ G RvwZi emwZ ’vcb M‡o I‡V|

ivRv wePMÖx AcyÎK wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZt m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki g‡Zv Kwj½ weR‡qi ‡h i³cvZ n‡qwQ‡jv †Zgwb wePMÖxi †kl Rxe‡b wfÿzZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| i³cvZ †`‡L Ges Zvi AbymvixMY, mevB †eŠ× a‡g© cy‡ivcywi `xwÿZ nb| wePMÖxi g„Zzï ci eû eQi ch©šÍ AvivKv‡bi wKQz Ask Zv‡ì Aax‡b wQ‡jv| DÌvb cZ‡bi g‡a¨ cieZ©x‡Z Pv‡MÖ bvgK ’v‡b ivRavbx ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| hvB †nvK ÔPv‡cÖÕ GB cwie¨vß kãwU kZ kZ eQ‡ii ¯§„wZ Ges AvivKvbx BwZnvm MÖ‡š’I D¾¡j `„óvšÍ| mv-‡cÖ A_© Pvsgv ivR¨| Z‡e Pv‡cÖ ev mv‡cÖ ej‡Z ïaygvÎ ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K eySvq| ZÂ½¨v‡ì 7wU MQv/†Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ ˆ`b¨vMQv gsjvMQv I †¤§jsMQvi †jvK‡ì‡K GLbI mevB Pv‡cÖ bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i Avm‡Q Ges wb‡RivI Pv‡cÖ Kzj¨v e‡j `vex K‡i Avm‡Q|

* M‡elK‡ì g‡Z wePMÖx, D`MÖx I mgMÖx bv‡g wZb fvB| PvKgv‡ì fvlvq weRqwMwi, D`qwMwiI mgiwMwi| Avevi wÎcyiv‡ì ivRgvjv BwZnv‡mi g‡Z †`Lv hvq, weRq gvwYK¨, D`q gvwYK¨ I Agi gvwYK¨ bv‡gi wÎcyiv ivRv wQ‡jb| wÎcyiv RvwZi †mbvcwZi bvg, KvjvbwRi, iYMY I bvivq‡bi ms‡M Avgv‡ì †mbvcwZ KvjvevMv, ivavgY I Rqiv‡gi A™¢zZ wgj †`Lv hvq|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 8

PvKgv BwZnvm g‡Z 1333-1334 Lªxóv‡ã AvivKv‡b evg©v kvm‡Ki mv‡_ Pv‡cÖ RvwZi ivRv AiæY hy‡Mi fxlY hy× nq| D³ m‡b 13B gvN 10,000 nvRvi ˆmb¨ GsL¨s I BqvsL¨s bvgK GjvKvq emevm K‡ib Ges AvivKvb ivR Zv‡ì‡K ‰`bvK ev ˆ`sbvK A_©vr A ¿avix †hv×v bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|

A·vivRvi* mv‡_ Pv‡cÖ‡ì GKvwaKevi msNl© n‡qwQ‡jv e‡j avibv Kiv nq| evg©vivR †g½wì weiæ‡× hy× Kivi Rb¨ Pv‡cÖivR †h dw›` K‡iwQ‡jb Zv †jvK cÖev` wb¤œiƒc t-

Pv‡cÖ iv‡Ri Zzjbvq †g½w` iv‡Ri kw³ eû †ekx| g‡b g‡b wm×všÍ wb‡jb eÜzZ¡ fve †`Lv‡bv Qvov †Kvb Dcvq †bB| ZvB eÜzZ¡ fve †`wL‡q AZwK©Z Avµg‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pv‡cÖ ivR GKwU PzbgvLv †k¦Z n¯Íx †g½w` ivR‡K Dcnvi cvVv‡jb| G‡Z †g½wìvR LyeB mš‘yó nb| wKQzw`b ci n Íxi kixi cÖ‡jc †`qv Pz‡bi mv`v AveiY S‡i †h‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv ZLb †g½wìvR eyS‡Z cvi‡jb GUv Avmj bq, bKj ‡k¦Zn Íx| wZwb Avi †ìx bv K‡i Pv‡cÖM‡Yi Dci wbh©vZb ïiæ K‡ib|

Kw_Z Av‡Q- D³ mg‡q †g½wì †jv‡Kiv LvRvbv Dïj Kivi bv‡g Pv‡cÖ‡ì MÖv‡g wM‡q cyiæl‡ì‡K wcQ †gvov †eu‡a M„‡ni Avw½bvq †d‡j mvivivZ wbh©vZb Kiv n‡Zv| Avi ¯¿x‡jvK‡ì w`‡q g` ˆZix Kwi‡q †mB g` cvb KiZt Zv‡ì‡K h‡_”Qv cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv| 1418 Lªxóv‡ãi gvSvgvwS mg‡q Mfxi AiY¨ c‡_ Pv‡cÖi AwaKvsk †jvK PÆMÖv‡gi AvwjK`g bvgK ’v‡b cvwj‡q Av‡mb| D³ mg‡q PÆMÖv‡gi kvmbKZ©v Rvgvj DÏxb Gi AbygwZ µ‡g 12 Lvwb MÖv‡gi mgš‡q GKwU ÿz`ª ivR¨ MVb K‡ib| D³ 12 Lvwb MÖvg‡K ejv n‡qwQ‡jv eviZvjyK| GB eviwU MÖv‡gi 12wU ZvjyK ev `‡ji bvg Zv‡ì êwkó¨ I AvPi‡Yi Dci ivLv nq| h_vt- 1| ˆ`b¨vMQv, 2| †gvMQv, 3| Kvieyqv MQv, 4| gsjvMQv, 5| †¤§js MQv, 6| jøvs MQv, 7| AO¨MQv Ges Aewkó cuvPwU ZvjyK ev MQv D‡jøwLZ MQvi mv‡_ AšÍf©~³ n‡qwQ‡jv ev cieZ©x‡Z PÆMÖv‡gi cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j PvKgv RvwZi AšÍf©~³ nb wKsev cybivq AvivKv‡b P‡j hvb e‡j g‡b nq|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 9

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 10

GKgZ i‡q‡Q| wZwb gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb †PŠÏ kZ‡Ki Av‡M Avgv‡ì c~e© cyiæ‡li cwiPq wQ‡jv Ifv‡e| PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v cwiP‡q bq| wZwb BnvI gšÍe¨ K‡ib, avevbv ivRv n‡q PÆMÖv‡gi DËivÂ‡j ¯RvwZ‡ì‡K wb‡q Pvsgv RvwZi mgvR ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z wM‡q PvKgv* bv‡g ¯Zš¿ Kivi cÖweó n‡qwQ‡jb|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 11

Ab¨vb¨ DcRvwZiv wbR¯ c×wZ‡Z wb‡R‡ì ev cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì cwiPq †`q|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 12

Avm‡Q e‡j cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Rvbv hvq|

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K¨v‡Þb wU GBP jyBb KZ©„K wjwLZ cy ÍK THE HILL TRACTS OF

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 13

K‡ib| G`‡ji ivRv wQ‡jb dvcÖæ| ’vqx emev‡mi Rb¨ wZwb Zvi `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Q Puv`v DwV‡q cZz©MxR‡ì wbwg©Z PÆMÖv‡gi Ôjvj KzwViÕ µq K‡i aige· Luv‡K Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb e‡j GLbI Kw_Z i‡q‡Q|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 14

ZvB ZÂ½¨vMY †gvMjag©x ivRvi wKQz wKQz mvgvwRK AvBb gvb‡Z ivRx wQ‡jv bv| †hgbt (K) †Kvb ZÂ½¨v igbxi g„Zz¨ n‡j Zv‡K cwðg w`‡K gv_v †i‡L cywo‡q †djv| (L) jyix ev jvDix bv‡gi ag©¸iæ w`‡q A‡šÍ wówµqv wKsev mvgvwRK Kg©vw` Kiv| (M) gwnjvM‡Yi GK Kv‡b cvuPwU K‡i yB Kv‡b `kwU wQ ª Kiv, co‡bi wcbyB‡bi PveyMx ivLvi cv_©K¨ BZ¨vw`| m¤¢eZt Ime mvgvwRK wKQz wKQz wbqb j•Nb K‡iwQ‡jv e‡j PvKgv ivRv D³ mg‡q ZÂ½¨v‡ì‡K ¯RvwZ e‡j ¯xK…wZ bv †`qvi Ab¨Zg KviY ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

AvivKv‡b Ae ’viZ PvKgvMY (ZÂ½¨vMY) kvKës‡ki DËim~ix wnmv‡e Z`vwbšÍb †Rbv‡ij Dby cÖwZ ermi G RvwZi `¤úwZ †i½y‡b Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q m¤â©bv w`‡Zb| eZ©gvb mg‡qI Avwèvmx RvwZ wnmv‡e iKvi Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZ eQi Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q ‡i½y‡b kvK¨RvwZi m¤§v‡b m¤â©bv w`‡q Avm‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| aj¨v Pvsgv e‡jb, AvivKv‡b Ae ’vbiZ PvKgv bv‡g cwiwPZ gyMQv, âb¨vMQv, KvieyqvMQv, jøvsMQv, gMjvMQv Ges AO¨MQv Qvov †Kvb PvKgv MQv †bB| 1985 Bs m‡b †jvKMYbvq †`Lv wM‡qwQ‡jv AvivKv‡b 92,300 Rb PvKgv (ZÂ½¨v) i‡q‡Q| Bnv Qvov wÎk nvRv‡ii g‡Zv evg©vq emev‡mi d‡j eZ©gv‡b Zviv evgx©R m¤úª v‡qi mv‡_ wg‡k hvb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ eyoveywoiv wKQz wKQz ZÂ½¨v fvlvq K_v ej‡Z cv‡i, fzwmWs wbevmx aj¨v GK_v e‡jb|

PvKgv ivRv aige· Luv LyeB cÖwZcwË m¤úbœ ivRv wQ‡jb| Zuvi kvm‡bi cieZ©x Kv‡ji ivRvMY cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ZÂ½¨vM‡Yi Dci AwfbœZv g‡bvfve I m`vPviY GgbwK wewfbœ my‡hvM myweav †_‡K ewÂZ K‡ibwb e‡j Rvbv hvq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g hLb †gŠRv wba©vib I e›Ub Kiv nq ZLb cuvP Rb ZÂ½¨v‡K †gŠRvi †nWg¨vb c` †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 15

ZÂ½¨v‡ì mgZxZ ms¯‹…wZ

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 16

ki‡Zi w œ» cik Qwo‡q covi mv‡_ mv‡_ mg Í cvnvoxqv AÂ‡ji igbxM‡Yi ïiæ nq Zzjv †_‡K myZv †ei Kivi eë ’v| mviv MÖv‡g PiKvi GKUvbv †Ku †Ku kã| A‡b‡K ïKbv euv‡ki gkvj R¡vwj‡q iv‡Î Qovi DRvb †e‡q gvQ KuvKov ai‡Z hvq| Avevi A‡b‡K Gcvov Icvovi hyeK hyeZxiv wgwjZ n‡q wNjv †Ljvq †b‡g c‡o MR©b ˆZ‡ji wkLv R¡vwj‡q| Avevi A‡b‡K iwmK co–qv‡K w`‡q evigvm wKsev cmb (wKm&mv) †kvbvi R‡b¨ BPZ& (N‡ii ìRvq gvPvs) fxo R‡g| eq¯‹ †jv‡Kiv g`cvb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wkKv‡ii Mí, AvMvgx eQi †Kvb PveZ& A_v©r †Kvb ’v‡b Ryg Pvl Ki‡e, †K K‡Zv Avwo avb †c‡q‡Q, weevn m¤úK©xZ BZ¨vw` myL

`yt‡Li K_v wewbgq Ki‡Zv| Gfv‡e Avjv‡ci mv‡_ g‡ì Avc¨vqb I e„w× cvq| d‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D”P wPrKvi GgbwK gvivgvwiI n‡q _v‡K|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 17

GB ai‡bi wmejx †cvB Kivi Abyôv‡b LiP cÖ‡qvRb nq| ˆØZ wKsev GKK wMsLyjx (MvqK) GKUvbv DevMxZ †M‡q AwZw_ †kÖvZv e„›`‡ì‡K gbZzwó Ki‡Zb Ges UvKv †c‡Zb| wMsLyjxi Mx‡Zi duv‡K †kÖvZviv †iBs (Djøvm aŸwb) w`‡q AvZ¥vbyfzwZ‡K †g‡Z Zzj‡Zv|

RvwZ †f‡` cvnvox‡ì wewfbœ wbq‡g mvgvwRK I ag©xq Drme n‡q _v‡K| Zb¥‡a¨ mvgMÖxKfv‡e ˆPÎ msµvwšÍ DrmewU cvjb K‡i _v‡K mKj cvnvox| ˆPÎ msµvwšÍ DrmewU ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlvq ejv nq ÔwelyÕ| ˆP‡Îi †kl w`b Ges êkv‡Li cÖ_g w`b GB yB w`b Ôdzj wely I g~j welyÕ h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`vq cvjb K‡i _v‡K| dzj welyi w`b dzj msMÖn K‡i K¨vsN‡i, evwo‡Z I b`x‡Z my›ì fv‡e mvwR‡q †`qv n‡q _v‡K| Gw`b evwo‡Z evwo‡Z gywcVv, mvb¨v wcVv, KjvwcVv I †KvBb& fvZ ˆZix n‡q _v‡K| K¨vsN‡i †mvqvBb& †`qv, Aókxj cÂkxj MÖnY Kiv nq| we`vqx cyivZb el©‡K we`vq w`‡Z A‡b‡K ¸iæRb wKsev eq¯‹‡ì wbKU ÿgv †P‡q wb‡Zv| êkv‡Li cÖ_g w`b g~j welyi w`‡b K¨vsN‡i ey× g~wZ© ¯œvb Kiv‡bvi ci wfÿz‡ì Ges ¸iæRb mevB‡K œvb Kiv‡bv n‡Zv| Z‡e wely ag©xq Drme bq, mvgvwRK Drme e‡j ywU w`b g`, RMv, KvB‡Âv, dzmx Ggb †bkv `ªe¨ A‡b‡K cvb K‡i _v‡K| ZÂ½¨v‡ì welyi w`‡b me‡P‡q AvKl©bxq Dc‡fvM n‡jv hyeK-hyeZx‡ì wg‡j mvivivZ e¨vcx wNjv‡Ljv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|

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P¨vÞv I †cPv‡bv Ges A‡bKvs‡k mv‡ci dYvi g‡Zv wNjvjZvi Rb¥ nq Mfxi e‡b| GK GKUv wNjvi Zv‡M A_©vr Qovq 8-10wUev ZviI †ekx wNjv _v‡K| A‡bK mgq GKwU Zv‡M 20-25wU ch©šÍ wNjv †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| exR cvK‡j LyeB k³ nq| †MŠwiK e‡Y©i Ges PvKvi g‡Zv †MvjvK…wZ cÖwZwU wNjv 15-18 †mw›UwgUvi nq| Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ I K…wó aviK wMsLyjx‡ì Dw³ g‡Z cÖvPxbKv‡j wNjvjZvq †mŠifhy³ dzj wQ‡jv| GKw`b wNjv‡Ljv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ivavgb bv‡g R‰bK hye‡Ki wbwÿß wNjv †cÖggqx abcyixi ci‡bi wcbyB‡bi Mfxi As‡k Xz‡K c‡o| I mgq abcyixi iR¯jv wQ‡jv| GB AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbvq abcyix LyeB j¾v †c‡jb Ges wNjvi Dci Awfkvc w`‡jb †hb wNjvjZvq †Kvb dzj bv †dv‡U| cvnvox‡ì A‡b‡Ki wek¦vm, wNjv cweÎ Ges jZvq †èskx A_©vr ˆèvZ¥v wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 18

ZÂ½¨v‡ì HwZnëvnx wNjv‡Ljv QvovI i‡q‡Q Mqvs †Ljv, cywË †Ljv, ¸ y †Ljv, eywj †Ljv, AvsMx †Ljv, jyMvjywM †Ljv, K‡°gv ev Lvevgv †Ljv, bv‡is †Ljv BZ¨vw`| †Pqvig¨vb, ’vbxq miKvi cwil`, ev›ìevb KZ©„K ZÂ½¨v‡ì wNjv‡Ljv ms¯‹…wZ‡K a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ 1993 Bs m‡b GKwU ¯Y©Kvc cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖwZ eQi wely Dcj‡ÿ †Rjvi wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K MveyR¨v Mveyix I ¤§vs‡Lvqvb& `j wNjv‡Ljv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z Av‡m| Bnv QvovI ZÂ½¨v‡ì K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ cybR©xweZ Kib Ges m¤úªmvi‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔDcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU, ev›ìevb 1996 Bs ÔZÂ½¨v †mwgbvi Av‡qvRb K‡i ZÂ½¨v RvwZi K…ZÁ fvRb n‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v‡ì ag©xq Abyôvb ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ (1) Rvwi ( ‘c), (2) ¤ªvsWs / kjv-N (cÖ xcNi), (3) P¨vc&-N (c_Pvix‡ì wekÖvgvMvi, cvwb Ni, cvš’kvjv), (4) eUe„ÿ DrmM©, (5) kvgbx ev kÖgY nIqv, (6) _vgvs Us (fvZ cvnvo `vb) Ges (7) dvwiK †kvbv (m~Î †kvbv)| GB mg Í ag©xq Kv‡R cÖvYx nZ¨v, g` m¤ú~Y© eR©b _vK‡e Ges wbivwgl ivbœv K‡i Avgwš¿Z AwZw_‡ì LvIqv‡bv nq|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 19

ZÂ½¨v‡ì mgZxZ Rxeb

ZÂ½¨v RvwZiv mvaviYZ DuPz gvPvs N‡i evm K‡i| †RBZ& Ni, fvZNi I UsNi GB wZbwU N‡ii mgš‡q Zv‡ì cwievi| †Kv¤vB, Rviæj, ¸¸P¨v, fvwi, †Kv‡Kv ev wkj‡Z‡ivB Ggb Mv‡Qi nvo Mv‡Qi n&Avg A_©vr LyuwU w`‡q Ni ˆZix Ki‡Zv| Ime Mv‡Qi n&Avg cÖvq kZ eQi ch©šÍ wU‡K| hvi Kvi‡Y cÖev` Av‡Q, Ôfvwi‡q Avwk, Rviæ‡j kZ, †Kv¤vB‡q Kq, AvP¨v Kvj¨v Kov K¨v KBZ|Õ A_©vr fvw` Mv‡Qi _ywb Avwk, Rviæj Mv‡Qi kZ, †Kv¤vB Mv‡Qi _ywb AviI eû eQi wU‡K|

M„n wbg©v‡Yi ïf Aïf w`b wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb t Òm‡g ï°z‡i KzPs avb, g½‡j ey‡a Nii& Kvg|Ó A_©vr †mvg ïµev‡i avb eybv, g½‡j ey‡a N‡ii KvR Kiv| `yB cvnv‡oi gaëZ©x wKwP‡O Ni Kiv wb‡la i‡q‡Q| Qov ev wSwoi †kl cÖv‡šÍ, MZ© ev myo½ _vK‡j, cwiZ¨³ ag©xq cÖwZôv‡b, k¥kv‡bi Dci, DB wfUvi Dci, n&AvPv ev bvMvwNjy A_©vr †h ’v‡b jvj e‡Y©i MwjZ cvwb wbM©Z nq, cï cÿx giv ’v‡b, evev, †RVv, KvKv I †R¨ô åvZvi m¤§y‡L M„n wbg©vY Kiv Awe‡aq| Ime ’v‡b M„n wbg©vY Ki‡j cwiev‡i `ywb©wgË nq Bnv AwZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K wek¦vm K‡i Avm‡Q|

M„n wbg©v‡Yi me© cÖ_g †h n&Avg A_©vr _ywb M‡Z© emv‡bv nq Zv‡K ejv nq gyn&Avg& ev g~j n&Avg| g~n&Avg& M‡Z© emv‡bvi c~‡e© M‡Z©i †fZi †mvbv, iƒcv wKsev Zvi cvwb, P›`‡bi cvwb, wNjv K‡PvB Gi cvwb w`‡q ï× K‡i wb‡Z nq| Gici n&Av‡gi Dc‡i Zxi mn abyK, Av¤ª cjøe, †QvU Kjv MvQ †eu‡a w`‡Z nq| Gi A_© GB evoxi Dci AvKvk n‡Z †èZviv hv‡Z we y¨rcvZ bv NUvq| A‡bK mgq M„n wbg©v‡Yi Av‡M ê`¨ KZ©„K gš¿ cvV K‡i _v‡Kb Ges cv_‡ii Dci Avs (‡èZvi wPÎ) AsKb K‡i N‡ii Pviw`‡Ki Pvi †KvYvq †m Avs gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †`qv n‡q _v‡K|

GKKv‡j †hgb wQ‡jv myL mg„w× †Zgwb gvbylI wQ‡jv mZëv`x Ges `qvjy| hvi Kvi‡Y Zš¿g‡š¿i Ávb ¸Y Ae¨_© cÖgvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jv| KwVb e¨vwa †_‡K Av‡ivM¨ cvIqv †h‡Zv e‡bi MvQ-MvQvjx I jZvcvZv ‡me‡b| ‡cvov gvwUi djK wKsev Kv‡jv cv_‡ii Dci Avs (‡èZvi Rxeb wPÎ) AsKb K‡i †mwU gš¿ Rc Ki‡Z

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 20

Ki‡Z RxešÍ Kiv n‡Zv| gviY, ekxKiY, Í¤¢b, m‡¤§vnb Kiv nq Ges wPwKrmv I Kiv n‡Zv GB Avs w`‡q| MÖv‡g wKsev cwiev‡ii `ywb©wg‡Ëi Avfvm †c‡j Avs iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb Dw³ GLbI †kvbv hvq|

jøv‡àvB, ZvweR aviY K‡i Ac‡èZv‡ì Kej †_‡K AvZ¥iÿv, ivR‡gvnbx, hv y †Uvbv, evY, cix `„wó BZ¨vwì mydj cvIqv hvq e‡j ê`ïv e‡j _v‡Kb| Svov, dzK w`‡q †ivMxi R¡i I wel bvgv‡bv nq| bL `c©b, Avqbv `c©b, euvkgjv I gyiMxi wWg w`‡q cwiev‡ii ïf Aïf Ges †ivMxi †ivM wbY©q, nviv‡bv `ªe¨ mÜvb cvIqv †m wek¦vm ZLbKvi mg‡q Lye wQ‡jv; eZ©gv‡bI A‡b‡Ki i‡q‡Q| cvwb cov, ˆZj cov, mwilv cov, PvDj cov, Pzbcov, ayjvcov, cvbcov, fvZ cov, dzjcov, wkuKo cov, _vjcov BZ¨vw` Svov cov w`‡q †ivMx Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Lei cvIqv hvq| ê`¨‡ì fzZ Pvjvb, MOv Pvjvb, Bwewjm Pvjvb, wmwP PuvB¤vK& Pvjvb, evY, †Uvbv BZ¨vwì Pvjvb w`‡q kÎæ webvk nevi Ggb cÖZ¨ÿ cÖgvY GLbI i‡q‡Q| ÁvbZš¿, welZ¤ªy, †LjZ¤ªy, †fvRevRx, †féxevRx BZ¨vw` QvovI gviY, ekxKiY, Í¤¢b I m‡¤vnY eZ©gvb weÁvb hy‡MI i‡q‡Q e‡j cvnvoxiv GLbI wek¦vm K‡i _v‡K|

‡ivM wbiæcb I wbevi‡b GKgvÎ ‰e`¨M‡Yi Dci fimv wQ‡jv| ê`¨‡ì g‡a¨ hviv AvZ¥ mshgeªZx, ï× ev cweÎ Ime Zš¿gš¿ Zuv‡ì‡K mydj †`q| gviY I ÿwZmvab Kv‡R Zv‡ì cvc nq| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq ê`ïv AwaKvskB `wi ª Ges Zv‡ì esk Kg e„w×i cÖgvwYZ nq|

‰e`¨ mgv‡Ri Kwe wkePiY wQ‡jb †Zgwb GK Zvwš¿KvPvh© Ges ZvwjK kv‡ ¿ wm× cyiæl| Zuvi iwPZ ÔMmvBb jvgvÕ †_‡K Rvbv hvq Rb¥ 1184 mvj| D³ mg‡q gNx ev gNvã mb cÖPjb wQ‡jv| G wnmv‡e 1822 Lªxóv‡ã Zuvi Rb¥ nq| wcZvi bvg aysMÖx Ges gvZvi bvg Kcyix| eZ©gvb ivR ’jx _vbvaxb KvßvB b`xi cwðg Zxi ’ ýviv bvgK Qovi DcZ¨Kvq Zuv‡ì MÖvg e‡j Rvbv hvq| wZwb MmvBb jvgvq D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb, ÒmvwKb& Qvjvg h¨s gyB Kv‡ßB Mvs, gvwbqv cyixËzb Zzwg hvs|Ó A_©vr Avgvi mvwKb Kv‡ßB (KvßvB) Mvs‡K Qvjvg Rvbvw”Q, gbyl¨ aivavb †_‡K A „k¨ n‡q hvw”Q| Zuvi DËi m~ix‡ì g‡Z wkePiY wQ‡jb gsjvMQv I jøvsMQvi g‡a¨ ejv ¸BwËi †jvK| ZÂ½¨v m¤úª v‡qi ejv ¸BwËi †jvK GLbI KvßvB GjvKv‡Z emevm K‡i i‡q‡Qb|

ZÂ½¨vMY GOD ev MmvBb&/‡Mv‡mb (ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlvi D”Pvi‡Yi P Q m k l ’‡j PvKgv‡ì h R S) e‡j m‡¤vab K‡i| PvKgv ivRv e¨wióvi †èvkxl ivq

Zuvi GOD AND THE CHAKMA BUDDHIST cÖe‡Ü wj‡LwQ‡jb t ......... Another great even in his reign was the composition of the

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 21

“GOZEN LAMA” by the famous Chakma Poet and Spiritualist

Shiv Charan. Gozen here Appears to have denoted God.

Consider next the Tanchangya’s (a sect of the Chakmas) beleif

in “Gosain” by which tern there might Happily mean either the

supreme being as an existing intelligence or Gotama,the

founder of Buddhism.

Zuvi e³e¨ Abymv‡i ZÂ½¨viv Ck¦i ev †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖeZ©K †MŠZg‡KB MmvBb ev †MvmvBb& e‡j| ejv evûj¨ GB Ô‡Mv‡Rb jvgvÕ ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlvi †MvmvBb jvgv| ivOvgvwU DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUD‡Ui cÖv³b cwiPvjK kÖx A‡kvK Kzgvi †Ìqvb KZ©„K msM„nxZ PvKgv fvlvq kã†Kv‡l (DmvB Gi fvicÖvß cwiPvjK myMZ PvKgv KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z Ges DmvB iv½vgvwU KZ©„K 1996 Bs mv‡j cÖKvwkZ, cÖ_g msKjb) †Mv‡Rb kãwU Abycw ’Z| hvi Kvi‡Y †Mv‡Rb kãwU PvKgviv D”PviY wKsev eënvi K‡ib bv e‡j g‡b nq| Kv‡RB ÔMmvBb jvgvÕ iPwqZv KweI mvaK wkePiY wZwb PvKgv wQ‡jb e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq bv| KvßvB GjvKv‡Z Rb¥, †hŠeb, c`vc©b Ges dzwMi †e‡k (mbœ vmx †e‡k) M„nZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Zuvi †`nxQvqv GLbI `k©b N‡U e‡j ’vbxq RbM‡Yi wek¦vm i‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y GLbI wewfbœ ag©vej¤x †jvK wgwjZ n‡q ivR ’jx GjvKvq dzMxi c~Rv K‡i Avm‡Qb| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi `wÿY c~e© w`‡Ki iv‡gËs cvnv‡oi Dci QÙ‡ekx GB dzMxi‡K (mbœ vmx‡K) `k©b cvevi Lei Ges c~wY©gv I Agvem¨vi iRbx wZw_‡Z gs Avi wkOvi aŸwb †kvbvi Lei †mLvbKvi evwm›`vMY GLbI e‡jb|

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g GKKv‡j nvUevRvi wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| †ePv †Kbvi R‡b¨ eo eo cvnvo DVv-bvgv †Zv Ki‡Z n‡Zv Z ycwi Mfxi e‡bi wns ª cÖvYx‡K duvwK w`‡q evRv‡i †h‡Z Avm‡Z jvM‡Zv w`b K‡qK| ZvB A‡b‡KB wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi `ªe¨vw` wb‡RivB ˆZix Ki‡Zv| †hgb t- KuvPv Wjyevuk, KuvPv Rsjx Zvj MvQ, P MvQ Av¸‡b cywo‡q †mB QvB Gi ÿvi (cUvk) cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q jeYv³ Kiv n‡Zv| GB ÿv‡ii cvwb mKj cvnvoxiv je‡bi cwie‡Z© eënvi Ki‡Zv| gvsm, gvQ, wcVv wKsev ZiKvix‡Z ïK‡ii Pwe© A_ev wZj mwilv wcwl‡q †`qv n‡Zv| †K‡ivwm‡bi cwie‡Z© eënvi Kiv n‡Zv MR©b Mv‡Qi ˆZj| mn‡R Av¸b Drcbœ Kiv nq k³ cv_i Nl©b K‡i wKsev ïKbv k³ dvjv euv‡ki wb‡P †K‡iU †e‡Zi KwÂ Øviv yÕnv‡Z Nb Nb †Rvi Uvb w`‡q| ZiKvix myMwÜ I ¯v‡ì Rb¨ evLi cvZv, dzwm, L¨vsmvevs ev avbmvevs, wkj Av`v eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| ivgmycvix, Pmycvix, LmvMv‡Qi kvj ev dÕMv‡Qi kv‡ji mv‡_ Rsjx RsjK& GKÎ K‡i cvb w`‡q LvIqv hvq| ˆgZvj bv‡g Rsjx Qovq GK cÖKvi Rsjx cvb cvIqv hvq| eËv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 22

Mv‡Qi kv‡ji im w`‡q BivKU ‰Zix Kiv hvq Ges Zv w`‡q cvb LvIqv n‡Zv| GB CivKU wkï‡ì Pg©‡iv‡Mi I †c‡Ui Amy‡Li Rb¨ g‡nŠl`| evBjyg bv‡g GK cÖKvi †QvU Mv‡Qi cvZv ïwK‡q ZvgvK wnmv‡e `vev, cvB› yK I PziæU cvb Kiv n‡Zv| PjvjZv, †Kv‡PvB Ges Ly‡Ëvqv Mv‡Qi jZv, dzj I exR Gm‡ei Øviv Kvco cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| K¨Mv‡Qi kvj wm× K‡i ¿x-‡jv‡Kiv gv_v cwi®‹vi K‡i _v‡K| Bnv myMÜ I †dbv nq Ges evqybvkK|

cvnvoxiv e‡bi eû iK‡gi kvK-meRx, dj-g~j †L‡q Avm‡Q GK_v AwZ cÖvPxb| †KvbwU KuvPv LvIqv hvq, †KvbwU KuvPv LvIqv hvq bv, Avevi ivbœv K‡iI LvIqv hvq Zv Zviv Rv‡b| A‡bK kvK-meRx welv³| A_P ivbœv K‡i †L‡j my¯v`y I kix‡ii Rb¨ DcKvixI| eZ©gvb mg‡qi K…wl we`‡ì M‡elYv g‡Z Rvbv hvq, ev½vjxiv †hme kvK-meRx, dj-g~j †L‡q Avm‡Q wKsev Pvl K‡i Avm‡Q Im‡ei g‡a¨ AwaKvskB cvnvox‡ì KvQ †_‡K cvIqv| GgbwK Rsjx kvK-meRx, dj-g~j cvnvox‡ì wbKU n‡Z msMÖn K‡i LyeB AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ Lv‡”Q Ges evRv‡iI weµx Ki‡Q|

Rywgqv cvnvox‡ì Ry‡g Drcvw`Z nq eû iK‡gi kvK-meRx ivbœv K‡i LvIqv n‡q _vK‡jI wKQz Rywgqv meRx KuvPv LvIqv nq| ivbœv I KuvPv LvIqv nq, †hgb- wZZv Kijv, wPbvi, wgwó jvD, †jv¸jv-Av›`yK-‡gv‡MvB I evBZ& GB Pvi Rv‡Zi K`y, Rywgqv gwiP, ev›`¤§vgv, †f‡ivj ¸jv, e¨v‡Mvj wewP, wZev Avjy, †k‡gB Avjy, gyK¨v, Ryg m‡gvB, c‡Uvj BZ¨vw`| RsM‡j A‡bK dj MvQ i‡q‡Q Ime wb‡RB R‡b¥| A_P dj Lye my¯v`y, cywóKi evRv‡i h‡_ó Pvwn`vI i‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz dj MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡q _vK‡jI Zv Lye GKUv hZœ I cwiPh©v †bqv nq bv, Avcb MwZ‡Z eo n‡q dj †`q| †ive‡°v ¸jv, †Kv¸jv, gvj¨vs, wgVv †jey ev Rv¤^yiv, Kbœvj¸jv, eËv ¸jv, Pvgvbx KvÆj, ivgKjv, Qvµv¸jv, †N Avg, Rywgqv Kjv, Rvg, cvb¨vs ¸jv, ˆPZ&¸jv, eo RMbv ¸jv, Kzmyg ¸jv, ¸¸P¨v, Kvjvgvjv (AvgjwK), eAv¸jv (e‡niv), JU¨vj (nwiUKx) BZ¨vw` dj cvnvox‡ì wcÖq n‡jI Gi Drcv`b †bB| evmyB, Djy, Zv‡mg, Lbv¸jv, †Zvqv_y, Lvàyjx Avjy, wgkÖx dj QvovI RsM‡j eû iK‡gi meRx cvIqv hvq| ¯v`hy³ ZiKvix e‡j B`vbxs ev½vjxivI †L‡Z LyeB cQ›` K‡i|

wewfbœ †KŠk‡j ZÂ½¨viv †QvU b`x ev Qovi gvQ a‡i| Ô yeÕ bv‡g euv‡ki †eZ w`‡q ˆZix GK cÖKvi LuvPv w`‡q gvQ, BPv KuvKov aiv n‡q _v‡K| Bnv QvovI ÔKev‡gjÕ bvgK GK cÖKvi Rsjx Mv‡Qi wkKo wcwl‡q eo Qovi Dc‡i †X‡j w`‡j mg Í Qovi gvQ wb‡ ÍR n‡q c‡o Ges mn‡RB aiv hvq| I‡Pvb&kvK, KiB

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 23

Mv‡Qi evKj, dzwm, †P‡OB Zviv wcwl‡q Qovq †d‡j w`‡j Qovi gvQ g‡i hvq| Z‡e GB ai‡bi †gj w`‡q gvQ aiv LyeB cvc KvR e‡j eyov-eywoiv e‡j _v‡Kb| Ifv‡e Qovi gvQ gvi‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡Ki Ag½jI †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| ZÂ½¨vM‡Yi cï-cvwL wkKvi Kivi `ÿZv AwZ cyi‡bv Kv‡ji| Zxi abyK, evo–j, Rvj QvovI †Kqve&, Sve&, dvj&, Cwo BZ¨vw` duv` ev Kj w`‡q cï-cvwL wkKvi Ki‡Z Rv‡b| AvovKvBb& ev AvVv kjv, gy”Pz ev dzkjv Ges Rvj w`‡q cvwL wkKvi Kivi Af¨ ’ GKKv‡j wQ‡jv| Bnv Qvov M„ncvwjZ KzKzi w`‡q R½‡ji ¸B mvc, mvc, cvnvoxqv K”Qc, nwiY I eb¨ ïKi BZ¨vw` wkKvi Kivi `ÿZv AwZ cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K| ZÂ½¨viv KzKzi, weovj, k„Mvj, wPj, KvK mn K‡qK iK‡gi cÖvYx ev mixm„c RvZxq cÖvYx bv †L‡jI GKK_vq DB‡cvKv †_‡K nvwZ ch©šÍ †L‡q Avm‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Miæi gvsm LvIqv evav i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GUv kv‡ ¿i evYx bq| Miæi gvsm LvIqv Avi evc-gvi gvsm LvIqv cv_©K¨ bq Ggb K_v eyov-eywo‡ì gy‡L GLbI cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 24


GB wVKvbvq|

mgZxZ wb`k©b e„wUk wbhy³ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cÖ_g †WcywU Kwgkbvi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox

RbRxe‡bi Dci cÖ_g †jLK Ges M‡elK Ug nvevU© †jDBb (wU. GBP. jyBb) Zuvi THE HILL TRACTS OF CHITTAGONG AND DWELL-

ERS THEREIN (1869) cy Í‡K D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi wZbwU eo eo b`xi bvg wQ‡jv t

1| KvBb&mv L¨s - KY©dzjx b`x 2| wiMÖx L¨s - mvs¸ b`x 3| gyix L¨s - gvZvgyix b`x

Avevi mvs¸ b`x wZbwU bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| h_v, DRv‡b wiMÖx L¨s, ga¨ fv‡M meyK L¨s Ges mgZj As‡ki bvg mvs¸| wZbwU eo eo GB b`xi †gvnbvq ev mgZj As‡ki Av‡k cv‡k evm Ki‡Zv wgkÖ RvwZ| Dc‡ii As‡k cvnvoxqv RvwZ| I mgq evRvi wQ‡jv P›`ª‡Nvbv, iv½vgvwU, ev›ìevb I KvPvjs GB PviwU ’v‡b| Ime evRv‡i gnvRb bv‡g †`vKvb`viMY ev½vjx wn› y| Avi fvmvb¨v †ecvix,

Kuvav †ecvixiv AwaKvskB gymjgvb| †µZv GKgvÎ cvnvox|

cvnvox‡ì Rxeb hvÎv mgZj ev½vjx RvwZi †P‡q m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| evuPvi Rb¨ GKgvÎ Ryg PvlB wbf©i wQ‡jv| Zviv kÖg weµx K‡i bv, wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ cwikÖg K‡i| GK eQ‡ii †LvivKx cvevi Rb¨ Ryg Pvl K‡i| Lvevi _vK‡j †m¸‡jv e‡m e‡m Lvq|UvKv DcvR©b Ki‡Z †hgb Rv‡b bv †Zgwb fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ UvKv m¤úwË Rgv ivLv Zv‡ì Af¨vm †bB| Zviv mn‡R webqvebZ n‡Z wKsev c‡ii wbKU †Lvkv‡gv` Kivi Af¨vm †bB| PvKzix, eëmv, wkíKg© I w`b gRyi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq bv|

jyB‡bi g‡Z 1867 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcRvZxq e¨w³‡K jv½j w`‡q K…wl KvR Ki‡Z †`‡Lbwb| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb DcRvZxq cÖavb ev m”Qj e¨w³i MÖv‡g mvgvb¨ wKQz cwigvY Rwg‡Z jv½‡ji Pvl †`Lv †M‡jI AeavwiZfv‡e ev½vjx gRyi Øviv m¤úv`b n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| 1865 Lªxóv‡ã cvnvox‡ì‡K AwaK UvKvi wewbg‡q gRyixi cÖ Íve w`‡qI iv Ív ˆZixi KvR Ki‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bv hvq wb| d‡j PÆMÖvg †_‡K Kg UvKv w`‡q ev½vjx †jvK G‡b KvR m¤úv`b Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 25

cvnvox‡ì euvPvi GKgvÎ Aej¤b n‡”Q Ryg Pvl Avi KvÆb& (Mfxi RsM‡j `je×fv‡e cÖvq gvm e¨vcx euvk, MvQ, MjvK ‡eZ BZ¨vw` msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ hvIqv) Kiv| Ry‡g GK Avwo avb ( 16 †mi) ecb Ki‡j mvaviYZ 30-50 Avwo avb cvIqv †h‡Zv| De©iv gvwUi Ry‡g 80-100 Avwo avb cvIqv wM‡q‡Q e‡j AwfgZ i‡q‡Q| Ryg †_‡K Drcvw`Z Zzjv, wZj, kmv, wgwó Kzgov, KvDb, he, avb Ges KvÆv‡b wM‡q euvk, MvQ, †bŠKv QvovI Kziæc cvZv, MjvK †eZ, †K‡iU †eZ, MR©b ˆZj, ‰civK Mv‡Qi ïKbv LÐ (ayc), GgbwK nwiY, mvc BZ¨vw` Pvgov Ges nvwZi ùvZ evRv‡i weµx Ki‡Zv| cvnvoxiv kvK-meRx weµx Ki‡Z j¾v‡eva K‡i|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 26

ZÂ½¨v fvlvi mv`„k¨ †`qv †M‡jv- evsjv kã ZÂ½¨v fvlv Pv`Muvq¨v fvlv

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 27

`k©K‡ì‡K g‡bviÄ‡bi Rb¨ 2/1 Rb †jvK mO †m‡R wewfbœ †KŠZzK †`Lv‡bv n‡Zv| Gfv‡e GK GKwU †gjvq wZb Pvi `j bvPMv‡bi Avmi ewm‡q Zvgvmv †`Lvi Rb¨ mweb‡q AvnŸvb Kiv n‡Zv| `~Mv©c~Rv, gbmvc~Rv, Kvjxc~Rv BZ¨vw` c~Rvi Rb¨ cvnvo AÂ‡ji cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i wM‡q Puv`v wnmv‡e UvKv wKsev PvDj `vex Ki‡Zv mbvZbx wn›`y f³iv| Bnv QvovI gw›ì wbg©vY, evc-gvi bv‡g mrKg©, Kb¨v`vqgyw³ BZ¨vwì bv‡g G‡Ki ci GK K‡i Puv`vi Rb¨ cvnvox‡ì N‡i N‡i hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zv|

jweqZ (Avc¨vqb) kãwU cvnvox‡ì g‡a¨ ZÂ½¨v RvwZi GKwU êwkó¨| Ry‡gi avb hLb evox‡Z †Zvjv nq ZLb kirKvj| G mgq cvnvoxM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb Ab¨R‡bi evox‡Z AwZw_ wnmv‡e Avc¨vwqZ n‡Zv| GB kirKvj AvMg‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ êivMx, RUvavix †hvMx ev mbœ vmx, êòe-‰eòex cvnvo AÂ‡ji MÖv‡g MÖv‡g A_© ev mvnv‡hï Rb¨ Avm‡Zv| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡K Kvkx, e„›`veb, beØxc, mxZvKzÐ BZ¨vw` Zx_© ’v‡b c~Rv gvbm mgvav Kivi Rb¨ A_© mvnvh¨ PvB‡Zv| êòe-‰eòexiv GKZviv I LÄbx evwR‡q wfÿv PvB‡Zv| beRvZ‡Ki mÜv‡b eªvþY bv‡g wn› y cy‡ivwnZiv Avm‡Zv wVKzRx A_©vr Kzôx ˆZixi AMÖxg UvKv evqbv wb‡Z| ïf Aïf, fvM¨ MYbv, kwb ivû `kv I MÖn BZ¨vw` c~Rv Kivi cÖ‡jvfb w`‡q Zviv fvj UvKv †c‡Zv| ZÂ½¨viv Ime eªvþY‡ì‡K ej‡Zv fv‡Ëvqv eveb|

‡Wvg m¤úª v‡qi †jv‡Kiv cvnvox‡ì MÖv‡gi cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i wM‡q wm`v PvB‡Zv †XvjK mvbvB I Rywi evwR‡q| gymjgv‡bi cyuw_ †_‡K MvRx Kvjy P¤úveZx, gvjKvevby-kvnRv`v Ggivb, †è gyjyK mvgv‡ivK †fjyqv my›ìx BZ¨vw` DcvL¨v‡bi cvjv Aej¤b K‡i ivZ e¨vcx bvP Mvb cwi‡ewkZ Ki‡Zv MvRx`j bv‡gi †jv‡Kiv| Ime cvjvq †cÖg-wein-‡e`bv hy× I Dc‡`kg~jK| GgbI †`Lv ‡M‡Q, †Kvb ZÂ½¨vi N‡i cyÎ mšÍvb Rb¥ n‡q _vK‡j †m mšÍvb g½j Kvgbvq G ai‡bi MvRx Mv‡bi cvjvi Avmi n‡Zv Ges MvRx beRvZ mšÍvb‡K †`vqv Ki‡Zv| Gici †jvKRb Avgš¿Y K‡i DrK…ó e¨Äbvw` Øviv fvZ LvIqv‡bv n‡Zv| kxZ AvMg‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvnvo AÂ‡j AviI Avm‡Zv hvÎv`j| cÂg As‡Ki †cŠivwYK bvUK †`Lv‡Zv †Lvjv DVv‡b| Kweqvj Avm‡Zv KweMv‡bi Avmi Rgv‡Z| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq, K¬vwšÍi †k‡l UsN‡ii AvwObvq ivZ Aewa ev½vjx co–qv‡K w`‡q †è gyjøyK mvgv‡ivL, †eûjv-jÿx›ì, jvBjx-gRby, fvIqvj mbœ vmx, PÛx`vm-iRwKbx wKsev ivgvqb, gnvfviZ BZ¨vw` Kve¨ Kvwnbx ‡kvbvi Avmi emv‡Z|

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox‡ì mv‡_ mgZj evmx‡ì †hvMv‡hvM wQ‡jv K‡qK kZ eQi Av‡M| GB kZ kZ eQi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cvnvoxi Rb Rxe‡b Avw_©K I mvgvwRK Dbœqb ev wkÿvi †Kvb D‡b¥vPb nqwb| G‡Z eis wg_¨v, Pzwi, e¨wfPvix I ee©iZvi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jv cvnvoxiv| Gfv‡e kZ kZ eQi †kvwlZ kvm‡bi d‡j cvnvox‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz Abykxjb N‡U DuPz wbPz RvwZ †f`v‡f` Avi cÖZvckvjx‡ì `vcU| ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 28

Abb¨ „wó‡Z ZÂ½¨v RvwZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi me© cÖ_g ÔPvKgv RvwZi BwZnvmÕ wj‡LwQ‡jb ivOvgvwU

miKvix D”P we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK kÖx mZxkP›`ª †Nvl (1888-1929 Bs)| wZwb 1909 mv‡j PvKgv RvwZi BwZnvm wj‡L evav cÖvß nb Ges iv‡Î Zuvi evm M„n AwMœ ms‡hvM Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv e‡j Rvbv hvq| c‡i wewfbœ DcKiY w`‡q cwiew×©Z Kiv n‡j D³ m‡b cybivq Qvcv nq Ges †mwU GKwU †MŠiegq `wjj wnmv‡e ¯xK…wZ jvf K‡i|

PvKgv ivRv fzeb †gvnb ivq 18B A‡±vei 1919 Bs m‡b ÔPvKgv ivR esk BwZnvmÕ cyw ÍKv cÖKvwkZ K‡ib| cyw ÍKvwU mZxk P‡›`ªi PvKgv RvwZi BwZnvm‡K AbymiY K‡i PvKgv ivResk DrcwË m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z wQ‡jv|

1940 mv‡j ÔkÖx kÖx ivRbvgv ev PvKgvi BwZnvmÕ cÖKvwkZ K‡ib PvKgv gvaeP›`ª Kg©x| Zuvi cy Í‡Ki D×…wZ g‡Z, eªþv, m~h©, gwiPx, Kvk¨cgywb, nwið› ª, ivg, Bÿv°z †_‡K DrcwË PvKgv RvwZi ivResk Ges eZ©gvb ivRv ch©šÍ jÿ eQ‡ii ZvwjKv ewY©Z K‡iwQ‡jb|

c~e©eZ©x BwZnvm‡K A¯xK…wZ cÖ vb K‡i 1969 Bs evey weivR †gvnb †Ìqvb KZ©„K ÔPvKgv RvwZi BwZnvmÕ bv‡g Z_¨ eûj GKwU cy ÍK wbR †cÖm †_‡K gy ªb K‡ib| cy ÍK cÖKvwkZ n‡q †M‡j evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi cÖ vb K‡i _v‡K|

Gici PvKgv RvwZ I ¯esk cwiwPwZ w`‡q evey †bvqvivg PvKgv (?) Ges evey cÖvY nwi ZvjyK`vi (1980) PvKgv BwZnvm cyw ÍKv cÖYqb K‡ib|

Ryb 1984, †m‡Þ¤i 1995 Bs ÒDcRvwZq M‡elYv cwÎKvÓ bv‡g ywU cy ÍK cÖKvwkZ nq DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU ivOvgvwU †_‡K| Bnv QvovI PvKgv RvwZ m¤úwK©Z BwZnvm I HwZn¨ wb‡q K‡qKwU msKjbI cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv| Ime cy Í‡Ki g‡a¨ PvKgv RvwZi †MvSv ev †Mv‡Îi msL¨v h‡_ó eëavb cwijwÿZ nq| G e¨vcv‡i †jLK kÖx hvwgbx iÄb PvKgv g‡nv`q PvKgv‡ì 46 wU †MvSvi bvg ewY©Z K‡iwQ‡jb|

Avð‡h©i welq, M‡elYvq †kl wm×všÍ g‡Z, PvKgv‡ì †gvU 46 wU †MvSv ev †MvÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡q _vK‡jI Gi g‡a¨ ZÂ½¨vM‡Yi †gvU 7 wU MQv ev †Mv‡Îi bv‡gi †mLv‡b †Kvb wgj ev Zzjbv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Ggb wK PvKgv BwZnv‡mi

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 29

cvZvq ZÂ½¨v bv‡gi †Kvb k‡ãi jvBb G‡Kev‡iB †bB ej‡jB P‡j| A_P †kvbv hvq ZÂ½¨vMYB Avmj PvKgv| PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v hw` Awfbœ ev GKB n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j G RvwZi †gvU 53 wU †MvÎ wjwce× _vKv DwPZ wQ‡jv|

B`vbxšÍb ivOvgvwUi †Kvb GK mvgwqKx‡K D×…Z Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv PvKgv RvwZ †_‡K Acåsk ev PvKgv RvwZi †MvSv †_‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ ZÂ½¨v MQv| †hgb t-

‡Uvb¨v †MvSv †_‡K = ZÂ½¨v MQv av‡gB †MvSv †_‡K = âb¨v MQv gywjgv †MvSv †_‡K = gyMQv Kv‡¤B †MvSv †_‡K = Kvieyqv MQv jvg©v †MvSv †_‡K = jøvs MQv AvOz ‡MvSv †_‡K = AO¨ MQv (?) †MvSv †_‡K = gMjv MQv

GB hyw³wU m¤ú~Y© åvšÍ aviYv| PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v AZx‡Z GKB fvlvfvlx, GKB m¤úª vq GK_v A¯xKvi Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ bv‡gi Av`¨vÿi wgj †i‡L †MvSv †_‡K †MvSv DrcwË Ggb eY©bv BwZc~‡e© †Kvb M‡elK ev †jLK Zv K‡ib wb| welqwU m¤ú~Y© KvíwbK|

weL¨vZ ÔAvib¨ Rbc‡`Õ †jLK Rbve Avãym mvËvi mv‡ne Zuvi GB cy ÍK †jLvi Av‡M ivOvgvwU‡Z w`b K‡qK KvwU‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ZÂ½¨v‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc bv K‡i wfbœ RvwZi Kv‡Q †kvbv K_vB wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔZÂ½¨vMY wbôzi| Zv‡ì Awfev`b kãwU †bB, ZvB eq‡mi †R¨ô e¨w³‡K m¤§vb †`q bv|Õ wZwb Zvi cy Í‡K AviI e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, ÔPvKgvMY ZÂ½¨vMY‡K N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`‡L Avm‡Q|Õ

ZÂ½¨v‡ì g‡a¨ K·evRvi †Rjvax‡b hviv emevm K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †jv‡KivB bv‡gi †k‡l PvKgv D‡jøL K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡ì c~e© cyiæliv GB PvKgv kãwU wbR¯ RvwZi cwiwPwZ g‡b K‡i| ivOvgvwU †RjvqI wKQz msL¨K ZÂ½¨v Zv‡ì wbR¯ fvlvq K_v bv e‡j PvKgv fvlvq K_v ej‡Z evnv`yix g‡b K‡i _v‡K Ges Iiv bv‡gi †k‡l PvKgv cèx w`‡q Avm‡Q| Gi cÖwZev‡` GW‡fv‡KU Áv‡b› y weKvk PvKgv ÔmvßvwnK cve©Zx, 30 AvMó-5 †m‡Þ¤i 1991 BsÕ mn AviI K‡qKwU miKvix A‡_© cÖKvwkZ ¯§iwYKvq weåvU e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb, ÒZÂ½¨vMY wkÿvq AbMÖmi, Giv wb‡R‡ì‡K PvKgv `vex Rvwb‡q Me©‡eva K‡i Avm‡Q, wb‡R‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ Lyu‡R bv ‡c‡q ... ... ... ...|Ó

†h RvwZ wk‡í ms¯‹…wZ‡Z DbœZ bq, †m RvwZ wkÿvq I DbœZ bq, †m RvwZ ee©i| cve©Z¨ †Rjvi mKj cvnvox RvwZ Zv‡ì wbR¯ wkí ms¯‹…wZ‡K cybiæ¾xweZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi eû jÿ UvKv e¨‡q 1977 Bs m‡b ivOvgvwU‡Z cÖwZôv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 30

K‡ib ÔDcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDUÕ| cieZ©x‡Z ev›ìevb, LvMovQox I K·evRv‡i M‡o I‡V G ai‡bi BbwówUDU Ges G‡Z ‡KvwU †KvwU UvKv e¨q Kiv n‡”Q Kg©Pvixi †eZb fvZv, cÖwkÿY, msMÖn, cÖKvkbv I Abyôv‡bi bv‡g| D³ BbwówUD‡U ZÂ½¨v bv‡g †Kvb e¨w³ PvKzix‡Z wbhy³ Kiv nqwb|

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi `xN©w`‡bi ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v wbim‡b Gikv` miKvi KZ©„K 1989 m‡bi 25 †k Ryb ivOvgvwU ev›ìevb I LvMovQox GB wZb †Rjvq wZbwU ’vbxq miKvi cwil` ( eZ©gv‡b cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil`) MVb K‡ib| ¯vqZ¡ kvwmZ

c~Yv©½ G cwil` wewfbœ Lv‡Z cÖwZ ermi †KvwU †KvwU UvKv e¨q K‡i _v‡K| Avð‡h©i welq, D³ wZbwU cwil‡` †Kvb ZÂ½¨v‡K PvKzix‡Z wb‡qvM Kiv nqwb|

DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU ivOvgvwU KZ©„K 1995 Bs m‡b Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cÖK…wZ I ms¯‹…wZÕ bv‡g g~jëvb GKwU cy ÍK cÖKvk K‡i| cy ÍKwUi cvÐzwjwc wj‡LwQ‡jb DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU Gi cwiPvjK evey my‡i› ª jvj wÎcyiv| wZwb Aemi MÖn‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯§„wZkw³ I evKkw³ G‡Kev‡iB n«vm †c‡q hvq| G my‡hv‡M cÖKvwkZ n‡q _v‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cÖK…wZ I ms¯‹…wZ bvgK cy ÍKwU| cy ÍKwU cÖKvwkZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ gnv Avo¤‡i cÖKvkbv Drme Kiv| cy ÍKwU DaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi Aby‡gv`‡b A_© eivÏ Ges m¤ú~Y© miKvix `vwq‡Z¡ Qvcv n‡qwQ‡jv| GUv GKwU WKz‡g›U wnmv‡e M‡elK, †jLK I eyw×Rxweiv f~wgKv co‡j inm¨ DÑvUb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cy Í‡Ki f~wgKvq D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv- PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, ZÂ½¨v, †¤ªv, jymvB, eg, cvsLyqv, Lygx, L¨vs I PvK GB 11wU RvwZi BwZe„Ë wb‡q cy ÍKwU wjLv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †fZ‡ii cvZvq †`Lv hvq ZÂ½¨v RvwZ m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Aa¨vq wQ‡jv bv I †Kvb wKQzB Qvcv †bB, m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| ïaygvÎ `kwU RvwZi m¤ú‡K© wjLv n‡q‡Q Ges †mme RvwZi wewfbœ wPÎmn cy Í‡K ’vb †`qv nq| GKwU RvwZi ¯Ë¡v‡K wejyß Kivi AccÖqv‡mi Rb¨ 29/4/Õ95 Bs evey exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v I 30/8/Õ95 Bs evey Awbj P›`ª ZÂ½¨v c„_K c„_Kfv‡e mg Í ZÂ½¨v RvwZi c‡ÿ Awf‡hvM cÖ vb K‡ib| GB Awf‡hv‡Mi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z evey myMZ PvKgv, fvicÖvß cwiPvjK, cy Í‡K ZÂ½¨v Aa¨vq B”QvK…Z fv‡e ev` †`qvi mZ¨Zv ¯xKvi K‡ib Ges welqwU AZ¨šÍ `yt‡Li e‡j wZwb Awdwmqvjfv‡e ¯vÿihy³ wPwV †cÖiY K‡ib| wPwVi ¯§viK bs-wm/95-96/110(2)DmvB, Zvs- 28/09/ 1996 Bs|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 31

mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi `vex

1983 Bs ÔZÂ½¨v mgvR Kj¨vY ms ’vÕ (Zmm) bv‡g GKwU ms ’v Rb¥ †bq| ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K msMwVZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ ZÂ½¨v GjvKvq kvLv MVb K‡i Zv‡Z wkÿv ms¯‹…wZ Dbœqb KivB GB ms ’vi D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨| GB ms ’vi cÖavb Kg©va¨ÿ wQ‡jb kÖx weay f~lY ZÂ½¨v| eû Z¨vM wZwZÿvi g‡a¨ wZwb ms ’v‡K `yB ermivwaK wUwK‡q ivL‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| cici yÕeQi hver Rbmfv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges ZÂ½¨v wkíx wbg©vY K‡i mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb K‡iwQ‡jb GKvwaKevi| ms ’vi ¯v‡_© ZÂ½¨v‡ì MÖv‡g MÖv‡g wM‡qwQ‡jb mvnv‡hï nvZ evov‡Z| Gme Kv‡R GKevi Zuv‡K Pig fv‡e Ac` ’ n‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv †mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z| myZivs ¯RvwZi Kv‡Q mn‡hvwMZvi Afve I B”Qvi Afv‡e ms ’v wb®úÖvY n‡q c‡o| ejvevûj¨ BnvB ZÂ½¨v‡ì cÖ_g msMVb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

1995 Bs IqvM&Mv Rywbqi nvB ¯‹zj gv‡V ZÂ½¨v †bZ…e„‡›ì GK Riæix mfv Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| ev›ìevb I ivOvgvwU †Rjvi wewfbœ GjvKvi ZÂ½¨v †bZ…e„›` G‡Z Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb| mfvq ZÂ½¨v RvwZ¯Ë¡v iÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU kw³kvjx KwgwU MVb Kivi cÖ Íve I ZÂ½¨v mgvR Kj¨vY ms ’v (Zmm) Gi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i cybiæ¾xweZ KiY wel‡q HK¨gZ †cvlY Kiv nq| mfvq me© m¤§wZµ‡g cieZx© mfv evjvNvUvq Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| evjvNvUvq AvûZ †bZ…e„‡›ì me©m¤§wZµ‡g Ôgnvm‡¤§jbÕ Kivi cÖ ‘wZ MÖn‡Y †kl mfv n‡q _v‡K ivOvgvwU m`‡i|

8B GwcÖj 1995 Bs ev›ìevb mì _vbvaxb evjvNvUv nvB ¯‹zj gq`v‡b AbywôZ nq GK Af~Zc~e© I HwZnvwmK ZÂ½¨v RvwZi gnvm‡¤§jb| AK…cY fve wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g cÖvq cuvP mn ªvwaK ZÂ½¨v †mw`b A½xKvive× nq HK¨Zv I kvwšÍi g‡š¿| ev›ìevb ivOvgvwU I K·evRvi †Rjv †_‡K AvMZ mK‡jB wbR¯ †cvlv‡K mw¾Z| åvZ…Z¡c~Y© †mŠnv`© eÜ‡b mKvj †_‡K cwic~Y© n‡q I‡V mvZ MQv ZÂ½¨v RvwZi wgjb †ÿÎ evjvNvUv gq`vb| †d‡j Avmv kZ kZ eQ‡ii cÖevm Rxe‡bi NUbv cÖevn wbi‡e ÿq cÖvß nq G RvwZi| Zviv GK RvwZ, Zviv Awfbœ Ges GKB cwiev‡ii m`m¨| Avevi kZ kZ eQi c‡i GKwÎZ n‡q ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q ¯§„wZ weRwiZ †mme NUbv cÖevn| †mw`b Avb›` AkÖæ fvi †Pv‡Li Avi nl©

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 32

aŸwb‡Z †PŠw`K we Í…Z nq ZÂ½¨v RvwZi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ| GB Rb mfvq me© m¤§wZµ‡g bvg †`qv n‡jv Ôevsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’vÕ|

ms ’vi Kg© ZrciZv axi MwZ‡Z AMÖmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Kg©x‡ì †mvrmv‡n| evsjv‡`k ZÂ½Ä Kj¨vY ms ’v Kivi we‡ivwaZvq Ges ms ’v bv Kivi Rb¨ D³ mg‡qi Z_vKw_Z kvwšÍ evwnbxi m`mïv ZÂ½¨v RvwZi Dci ûgKx †`q I wKQz msL¨K a‡i wb‡q hvq| D³ mg‡q ÒZÂ½¨v cwiwPwZÓ bv‡g GKwU cy ÍK cÖKvkbvi Kvi‡Y kvwšÍevwnbxiv mxgvšÍ cv‡oi wejvBQwo, RyiQwo I eiKj _vbvi emevmiZ ZÂ½¨v‡ì N‡i N‡i Zjøvmx Pvjvq| eû Ni-evwo cywo‡q †`q, gviai K‡i Ges Zv‡ì‡K fvi‡Z P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ K‡i|

19 †k gvP© 1996 Bs evey cÖmbœ KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v‡K ev›ìev‡bi wbR evox †_‡K †W‡K wb‡q iv‡Î ¸wj K‡i| wZwb g‡ibwb, wPiZ‡i Rxeb¥„Z|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 33


GB wVKvbvq|

¯§viKwjwc cÖ vb RbmsnwZ KZ©„K †ckK…Z cuvP`dv `vex bvgvq Z…Zxq c„ôvq ewY©Z 2(K)

avivq GMv‡ivwU ÿz ª ÿz ª RvwZi mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi †h cÖ Íve ivLv nq Zv‡Z GKgvÎ ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K ev` w`‡q ïaygvÎ PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, gyiæs, †evg, jymvB, cvs‡Lv, Lygx, wLqvs I PvK GB `k RvwZi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj|

25 †k Rvbyqvix 1997 Bs cÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mv‡_ RbmsnwZ mwgwZ (kvwšÍevwnbx)-Gi †K›`ªxq †bZ…e„‡›ì XvKv msm` fe‡b ms‡kvwaZ cuvP `dv `vexi †cÖwÿ‡Z kvwšÍi êV‡Ki ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv nq| Aek¨ Gi Av‡MI K‡qKevi LvMovQwo‡Z Zv‡ì êVK n‡qwQ‡jv| êV‡K miKvi I RbmsnwZi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv djcÖm~ †`Lv †`q| d‡j msL¨v jNy‡ì mgm¨v G‡m uvovq Zv‡ì RvwZi Aw ÍZ¡ iÿvq|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 34

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K Avjv`v RvwZ wnmv‡e mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi `vex‡Z RbmsnwZ mwgwZi me©vwabvq‡Ki wbKU †h ¯§viK wjwc †ck Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv Zv Giƒc t-

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi `vex‡Z MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK msm`xq KwgwU I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg

RbmsnwZ mwgwZi wbKU ZÂ½¨v RbM‡Yi cÿ ‡_‡K

¯§viKwjwc evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY c~e©vÂj b`x wMwi‡ewóZ meyR k¨vgwjgvq c~Y© cve©Z¨

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Bnv aªæe mZ¨ †h, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v ej‡Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emevmiZ cÖwZwU RvwZi mKj RbM‡YiB mgm¨v Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡bi A_©I n‡”Q Zv‡ì mvgwMÖK Av_©-mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ¯Kxq êwk‡óï Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivLv I µgweKv‡ki myôz cwi‡ek msiÿY Kiv|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 35

ms‡kvwaZ cuvP `dv `vexbvgv Ges AvÂwjK cwil` m¤wjZ AvÂwjK ¯vqË¡kvm‡bi mswÿß iƒc‡iLv‡Z (cÖ Ë `vexbvgvi wfwË‡ZB Av‡jvPbv †K› ªxf~Z) Z„Zxq c„ôvi 2(K) aviv‡Z PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, gyivs, †evg, jymvB, cvs‡Lv, Lygx, wLqvs I PvK GB wfbœ fvlvfvlx 10 (`k) wU ÿz`ª ÿz`ª RvwZi mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi †h cÖ Íve †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z AZxe `ytL I nZvkvi mv‡_ Avgiv jÿ¨ KiwQ †h, e„nËi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emevmiZ wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K PZz_© ’vb AwaKvix ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K D‡jøwLZ `vexbvgvq mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi Rb¨ AšÍf©~³ Kiv nqwb| hvi d‡j ZÂ½¨v‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© mevi Kv‡Q cÖkœ Rv‡M| Gi KviY Avgv‡ì ZÂ½¨v RvwZi Kv‡Q ‡hgwb †evaMg¨ n‡”Q bv, †Zgwb RvwZi fwel¨‡Z Gi Aw ÍZ¡ weKvk I mvgwMÖK DbœwZi e¨vcviwU †Nvi AÜKv‡i Av”Qvw`Z n‡Z hv‡”Q e‡j Avgv‡ì g‡b n‡”Q| (cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi wewfbœ RvwZi gZ ZÂ½¨v RvwZ‡K GKwU Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL bv Kivi KviY hw` GUvB nq †h, nvjKv RbkÖæwZ wbf©i Z_¨- ZÂ½¨vivI PvKgv‡ì GKwU kvLv, ZvB Zv‡ì Avjv`v Aw Í‡Z¡i ¯„xK„wZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| G Dw³i †cÖwÿ‡Z Avgv‡ì e³e¨ n‡”Q Gi †cQ‡b HwZnvwmK †Kvb †Rviv‡jv wfwË †bB| ev Íe mZ¨ GB †h, ZÂ½¨v‡ì Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ nevi h‡_ó wfwË i‡q‡Q)| e ‘Z jÿ¨bxq †h, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mKj RvwZi MVb KvVv‡gv‡Z GKwU AmvaviY I †gŠwjK êwkó¨ n‡”Q, MQv, †Mvôx I †Wj ev clan, †h MQv, †Mvôx I †W‡ji msL¨v B‡”QgvwdK evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bvi †Kvb AeKvk †bB|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 36

‰ewkó¨ we`¨gvb| †Kvb RvwZ‡K Avjv`v fv‡e †Pbvi cÖ_g I cÖavb welq n‡”Q Zv‡ì fvlv I †cvkvK Ges we‡kl K‡i gwnjv‡ì †cvlvK Avkv‡K (G †ÿ‡Î ¯Kxq †cvlvK cwiwnZv GKRb ZÂ½¨v igbx‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †h †Kvb RvwZi nvRvi Rb igbxi ga¨ †_‡KI PU K‡i †Pbv hv‡e †h ZÂ½¨v gwnjv e‡j)|

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wb¤œwjwLZ Kvi‡Y ZÂ½¨v GKwU ¯Zš¿ êwkó¨ m¤úbœ RvwZ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡q Avm‡Q|

1| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g fvlv i‡q‡Q hv Acivci mKj RvwZi fvlv †_‡K c„_K| 5| ZÂ½¨v‡ì engvb mvs¯‹…wZK Acivci Ry¤§ RvwZ¸‡jvi b¨vq ZÂ½¨v RvwZiI MQv, †Mvôx, †Wj i‡q‡Q| 2| ZÂ½¨v‡ì (we‡klZ ZÂ½¨v igbx‡ì) Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ †_‡K ¯Zš¿ †cvlvK cwi”Q` i‡q‡Q| 3| ZÂ½¨v‡ì DrcwË †_‡K eZ©gvb Aewa GKwU mywbw`©ó avivevwnK BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| 4| ZÂ½¨v‡ì wbR¯ aviv DË‡ivËi kÖxe„w× NU‡Q| 6| ZÂ½¨v mvwnZ¨ fvÛvi µgvMZ cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| 7| `xN©w`b †_‡K evsjv‡`k †eZvi I evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡b Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi cvkvcvwk ZÂ½¨v‡ì Avjv`v mvs¯‹…wZK AbyôvbI cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|

e„wUk hyM n‡Z ZÂ½¨v‡K Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i miKvix bw_c‡Î ZÂ½¨v RbMY Avjv`vfv‡e D‡jøwLZ n‡q Avm‡Q Ges ZÂ½¨vMY Acivci RvwZi b¨vq miKvix D‡`¨vM I AvZ¥cÖ‡Póvq wb‡R‡ì Aw ÍZ¡ ¯Zš¿fv‡e cÖwZfvZ K‡i

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 37

Avm‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b ’vbxq miKvi cwil` eë ’vcbv Pvjy Kivi c~‡e© m`vkq miKvi KZ©„K ZÂ½¨v RvwZi c„_K Aw ÍZ¡ _vKvi Kvi‡Y AwW©b¨vÝ Rvix Kivi mgq iv½vgvwU I ev›ìevb cve©Z¨ †Rjvi ’vbxq miKvi cwil‡` ZÂ½¨v‡ì R‡b¨ h_vµ‡g 2wU I 1wU K‡i Avmb msiwÿZ ivLv n‡q‡Q| Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h, RvwZmsN †NvwlZ wek¦ Avwèvmx el© 1993 m‡b XvKvq AbywôZ Avwèvmx m‡¤§jb KZ©„KI ZÂ½¨v‡ì Avwèvmx wn‡m‡e ¯xKvi K‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi my`xN© 25 eQi ci hLb ¯úóB cÖZxqgvb n‡”Q †h, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v g~jZt evsjv‡`‡kiB RvZxq mgm¨v Ges mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki 12 †KvwU gvby‡li fvM¨ I Avkv AvKv•Lvi mv‡_ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Ry¤§ RbM‡Yi fvM¨ Ges Avkv AvKv•LvI wbweofv‡e RwoZ| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v †hgb evsjv‡`k‡K wewfbœfv‡e bvov w`‡q‡Q Ges wecyj ÿwZi m¤§yLxb K‡i‡Q Z ªæc cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi weÁ †bZ…e„›` I m`vkq evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©„K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emevmiZ cÖwZwU ¯Zš¿ RvwZmg~‡ni ¯v_© h_vh_fv‡e iwÿZ bv n‡j, Zv hZ ÿz`ªB †nvK ev hZ wej‡¤B †nvK cieZx©‡Z mgm¨v †h m„wó n‡e bv G K_v G‡Kev‡iB Dwo‡q †`qv hvq bv| myZivs cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emevmiZ Ab¨vb¨ mKj RvwZ Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki mgMÖ Rb‡Mvôwi mv‡_ åvZ…cÖwZg g‡bvfve I mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g RvwZ MV‡b kixK nevi Avkv wb‡q Avgiv ZÂ½¨v RbMY MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK msm`xq KwgwU I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi wbKU wb‡¤œv³ cÖ Ívemg~n Zz‡j aiwQ (me©‡kl ms‡kvwaZ cuvP `d iƒc‡iLv I `vexbvgv Abymv‡i)|

1| `vexbvgv 2 (K) avivq PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, gyiæs, †evg, cvs‡Lv, jymvB, Lygx,

wLqvs I PvK G wfbœ fvlvfvlx `kwU RvwZi mv‡_ ZÂ½¨v RvwZi mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZi welqwUI AšÍf©~³ Kiv †nvK|

2| AvÂwjK cwil` m¤wjZ AvÂwjK ¯vqZ¡kvm‡bi mswÿß iƒc‡iLvi 1 L (2) Dcavivq RbmsL¨vbycv‡Z ZÂ½¨v‡ì Rb¨ h_vh_ msL¨K Avmb msiÿY Kiv †nvK|

Avgiv `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi †h, m`vkq evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii msm`xq KwgwUi weÁ m`më„›` Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi weÁ †bZ…e„›` cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emevmiZ ¯Zš¿ RvwZ wn‡m‡e ZÂ½¨v RvwZi mvsweavwbK ¯xK…wZ cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g ZÂ½¨v‡ì‡KI cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Acivci RvwZi b¨vq evsjv‡`‡ki me©v½xb Kj¨v‡Yi ¯v‡_© e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ nevi my‡hvMK‡i †`‡eb|

cwi‡k‡l, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨vi kvwšÍc~Y© I ’vqx mgvav‡bi Avkvev` e¨³ K‡i Dfq cÿ‡K AvšÍwiK abëv` I K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 38

ZvwiL t ev›ìevb, Dò Awfb›`b mn 16/01/97 Bs evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ ZÂ½¨v RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ

1| evey cÖmbœ KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v m`m¨, ev›ìevb ’vbxq miKvi cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

2| evey exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v Dc‡`óv, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v| iv½vgvwU mì GjvKv|

3| evey iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v cÖwZôvZv I Aa¨ÿ, ivOvgvwU PviæKjv GKv‡Wgx,

Dc‡`óv, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

4| evey iƒcgq ZÂ½¨v m`m¨, ’vbxq miKvi cwil`, iv½vgvwU I wmwbqi mn-mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

wejvBQwo GjvKv| 5| evey Awbj P›`ª ZÂ½¨v ‡Pqvig¨vb, 1bs P› ª‡Nvbv BDwbqb cwil` I m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v| IqvM&Mv GjvKv| 6| evey KvÂbRq ZÂ½¨v ‡Pqvig¨vb, 3bs Av‡jÿ¨s BDwbqb cwil`, †ivqvsQwo I ‡Kvlva¨ÿ, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v| ‡ivqvsQwo GjvKv| 7| evey my`Ë weKvk ZÂ½¨v mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

ivR ’jx GjvKv| 8| evey wbg©j KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v

‡cŠi Kwgkbvi, ev›ìevb †cŠimfv I hye Kj¨vY m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v| evjvNvUv GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 39

9| evey jMœ Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v ivR ’jx GjvKv, iv½vgvwU|

10| evey Awbj ZÂ½¨v cÖavb wkÿK, †eÿ¨s Rywbqi nvB ¯‹zj I hyM¥ m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

‡ivqvsQwo GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

11| evey `qvivg ZÂ½¨v cÖPvi m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

evi‡Nvwbqv GjvKv, P›`ª‡Nvbv|

12| evey wgjb KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v (KweivR) mfvcwZ, wU,wm,wm, ev›ìevb mì I mgvR Kj¨vY m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

evjvNvUv GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

13| evey R‡jK KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v ‡iBPv GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

14| evey D”PZ gwb ZÂ½¨v mn-mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

AvjxK`g GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

15| evey AsmyBcÖæ ZÂ½¨v mn-cÖPvi m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’v|

bvBÿ¨sQwo GjvKv, ev›ìevb|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 40

K…wZZ¡ I Ae`vb

cvjKab ZÂ½¨v t 1935 m‡b PvKgvivRv f~eb †gvnb iv‡qi g„Zzï ci Kzgvi bwjbvÿ ivq ivR¨vwf‡lK nb Ges kÖxgr wcÖqiZœ gnv ’wei‡K ivR¸iæ gh©v`vq f~wlZ K‡ib| wcÖqi‡Zœi M„nxi bvg cvjKab| wZwb ZÂ½¨v RvwZi Kvieyqv MQvi †jvK wQ‡jb| gv‡qi g„Zzï ci R‰bK PvKgv Zuv‡K jvjb cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j cvjKab bvg ivLv nq| PÆMÖv‡gi †Kvb GKwU K¨vsN‡ii wfÿzi wbKU kÖgY n‡q cov‡jLv K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Gici kÖxjsKvq ag©xq D”P wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|

ivR¸iæ wnmv‡e Zuvi LyeB m¤£g wQ‡jv| I mgq PvKgv mv‡K©‡ji AwaKvskB jyix ev jvDix bv‡g †¯”QvPvix I wg_¨v `„wó m¤úbœ ag©xq cy‡ivwnZMY ¯RvwZ ivRvi QÎ Qvqvq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DËivÂ‡j cwie¨vß wQ‡jb| ivRevox‡Z Kuvmi N›Uvi kã, DjyaŸwb I k•LaŸwb †kvbv †h‡Zv Ges mbvZbx a‡g©i c~Rv cve©b‡K LyeB gh©v`v mnKv‡i cvjb Kiv n‡Zv| †Kbbv ivR gwnlx webxZv wQ‡jb wn› y igbx| myZivs ivR¸iæ wcÖqiZœ †eŠ× ag© m¤úªmvi‡Y AwaK GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib wb e‡j Rvbv hvq| Rxe‡bi †kl w`bwU †K‡U hvq ivR¸iæ wn‡m‡e ivR wenv‡i| 1954Bs m‡b wZwb gviv hvb|

kÖxgr AvPvi gnv ’wei t ivR¸iæ wcÖqiZœ gnv ’we‡ii g„Zzï K‡qK eQi ci kÖxgr AvPvi gnv ’wei 1955-1957 Bs ch©šÍ ivOvgvwU ivR wenv‡ii wenviva¨ÿ wQ‡jb| 1927 Bs m‡b KwjKvZv ag©vsKzi eywÇó †U¤ú‡j wZb ermi ag© wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| Gici ¯‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wZwb cybe©vi 1933 Bs m‡b kÖxjsKv Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b ÔAvKv‡j Iqv‡Z©Õ bvgK weL¨vZ ag©xq cÖwZôv‡b Pvi ermivwaK ag©xq wkÿv jvf K‡ib| ejvevûj¨ cvnvox wfÿz‡ì g‡a¨ me© cÖ_g ag©xq wkÿvq we‡`k Mgb K‡ib wfÿz wcÖqiZœ Ges 2q Rb wfÿz kÖxgr AvPvi|

2000 Bs m‡b Zuvi wfÿz‡Z¡ el©vevm ev Iqv jvf K‡ib 62wU|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 41

dzjbv_ ZÂ½¨v t wfÿz AMÖes‡ki MÖnxi bvg dzjbv_ ZÂ½¨v| Rb¥ 23 †k b‡f¤i 1921 Bs,

evsjv 1331 mv‡ji AMÖnvqb gv‡m eZ©gvb wejvBQwo _vbvaxb ivBsL¨s b`xi cwðg Zxi ’ 122 bs KzZzew`qv †gŠRvq| wcZvi bvg iæ`ªwms gnvRb| evj¨Kvj †_‡K wZwb wQ‡jb D`vi I my›ì †Pnviv| KÉ wQ‡jv mygayi| hvÎv`‡j Mvb †M‡q wZwb LyeB cÖkswmZ nb| gvZ…RvVi †_‡K f~wgô nevi ci Zuvi bvfxi e„w× Ask evg ¯‹‡Ü _vKvi †kvfv, bvwmKvi Wvbcv‡k I ü`‡qi Dci eo ywU wZj cwijwÿZ nq|

1931 mv‡j iv½ywbqvi NvU‡PK wenv‡ii Aa¨ÿ cwÐZ kÖxgr ag©vb›` gnv ’we‡ii wbKU kÖg‡Y `xÿv MÖnY K‡i 1939 mv‡j Dcm¤ú`v ev wfÿz n‡q bvg ivLv nq AMÖesk| 1947 mv‡j †gwUªK cvk K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi AvÜvigvwYK wenv‡ii wenviva¨ÿ wÎwcUK evM¥xk¦i I mvaK cÖei kÖxgr Avb›`wgÎ gnv ’wei (Bwb cieZ©x‡Z wbwLj fviZ msNivR gnvmfvi mfvcwZ, w`jøx) Gi c~Y© mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡i AiY¨vPvix nb| Gici ag©xq D”P wkÿv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †i½yb Mgb K‡ib| wZwb †i½yb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wÎwcU‡Ki `k©b kv‡ ¿ eyrcwË jvf K‡ib|

1954-56 mvj ch©šÍ †i½y‡b Òlô wek¦ †eŠ× gnvmsMxwZÓ AbywôZ nq| ey‡×i cwiwbe©v‡Yi BnvB me© †kl I lô wek¦ gnvm‡¤§jb| Z_vM‡Zi 2500 Zg Rb¥ RqšÍx ¯§i‡Y GB gnv msMxwZ‡Z wÎwcUK kv ¿ cybiv‡jvPbv K‡i mwVK ey× ePb‡K cybt msKwjZ Kiv nq| †eŠ× kv‡ ¿ cvisMg wek¦e‡iY¨ AMÖgnvcwÐZ Øviv GB msMxwZ mym¤úbœ nq| ¯vMwZK †`k evg©v, c~e© cvwK Ívb (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k), fviZ, wmsnj, k¨vg (_vBj¨vÛ), Rvcvb, Pxb, †bcvj, f~Uvb, jvIm, K‡¤vwWqv, wf‡qZbvg, wmwKg, wZeŸZ, †Kvwiqv, gvjq BZ¨vw` †eŠ× ivóª QvovI we‡k¦i 31 wU †`‡ki ivóª I miKvi cÖavb G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| †MŠi‡ei welq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi K…wZ mšÍvb kÖxgr AMÖesk ’wei D³ lô wek¦ gnvmsMxwZ‡Z AMÖgnvcwÐ‡Zi GKRb msMxwZKviK wQ‡jb|

‡i½y‡b D”P wWMÖx mgvwßi ci wZwb wcwKs Mg‡b mdj n‡q D‡Vb| Gw`‡K PvKgv ivRv wÎwè ivq †i½yb w`‡q AMÖesk‡K Avgš¿Y K‡i G‡jb| 26 †k wW‡m¤i 1957 Bs ¯‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z cÖZ¨vMgb Ki‡jb AMÖesk| GK ïf w`‡b n Íx c„‡ô Dc‡ekb c~e©K Af~Zc~e© ivRKxq c~Y© gh©v`vq Zv‡K ivR¸iæ c‡` eiY Kiv nq| 22 ermi ivR †cŠiwnZ¨ Rxe‡b ivRv wÎwè iv‡qi D`vi mnvbyf~wZ, AK…cY kÖ×v

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 42

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 40

‡c‡q ivR¸iæ AMÖes‡ki ag© RvMiY, cÖPvi I cÖmvi `ªæZ mv_©K n‡q I‡V| 26 †k ˆPÎ 1371 evsjv Zuv‡K gnv ’wei eiY Dcj‡ÿ KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| 1| kÖxhy³ Kvwgbx †gvnb †Ìqvb (f~Zc~e© Gg, Gj, G) - mfvcwZ 2| kÖxhy³ Zzógwb PvKgv - mn-mfvcwZ 3| kÖxhy³ ˆk‡jk KvwšÍ eo–qv - H 4| kÖxhy³ mbr Kzgvi eo–qv - m¤úv`K 5| kÖxhy³ wPÎ¸ß PvKgv - mn-m¤úv`K 6| kÖxhy³ weivR †gvnb †Ìqvb - ‡Kvlva¨ÿ 7| kÖxhy³ D‡c›`ª jvj PvKgv - m`m¨ 8| kÖxhy³ m‡Z¨› ª jvj PvKgv - H 9| kÖxhy³ eª‡R›`ª jvj eo–qv - H 10| kÖxhy³ wbeviY P›`ª †Ìqvb - H 11| kÖxhy³ AbšÍ Kzgvi PvKgv - H 12| kÖxhy³ Awk¦bx Kzgvi Kve©vix - H 13| kÖxhy³ cÖdzjø Kzgvi eo–qv - H 14| kÖxhy³ ew¼g K…ò †Ìqvb - H 15| kÖxhy³ myKzgvi eo–qv - H 16| kÖxhy³ hvwgbx Kzgvi Kve©vix - H

c„ô‡cvlK e„›` 1| †gRi ivRv wÎwè ivq, PvKgv ivRv 2| gs ivRv 3| †evgvs ivRv 4| ivq evnv`yi weiæcvÿ ivq 5| kÖxhy³ ejf`ª ZvjyK`vi (Aemi cÖvß g¨vwR‡÷ªU) 6| kÖxhy³ wea~f~lY gyrmyÏx (wWw÷ª± GWz‡Kkvb Awdmvi) 7| kÖxhy³ kkv¼ Kzgvi †Ìqvb (‡nWg¨vb) 8| kÖxhy³ K…ò‡gvnb Lxmv (gnvRb) 9| kÖxhy³ cyiÄq Lxmv (AMÖMwZ †bwf‡Mkvb †Kv¤úvbxi mË¡vwaKvix) 10| kÖxhy³ weRq P›`ª PvKgv (K›Uªv±i) ivRwenvi 26 †k ˆPÎ, 1371 evsjv, ivOvgwU| 2508 ey×vã, 1965 L„óvã|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 43

cÖavb c„ô †cvlK

gnv ’wei eiY Dcj‡ÿ †bcvj I evg©v ivóª ~Zmn eû MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| D³ mg‡q PvKgv mwjj ivq Zuvi iwPZ Òey‡×i ¯§i‡Y RvwMÓ bvUK gÂ ’ K‡ib| G‡Z ivRKzgvix mn ivRcwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì Ask MÖn‡Y bvUKwU LyeB Dc‡fvM¨ n‡qwQ‡jv|

kÖxgr AMÖesk ivOvgvwU AvMg‡bi c~‡e© PvKgv mv‡K©‡j wfÿz I †eŠ× wenvi wQ‡jv AwZ Kg| Z‡e wfÿzMY wQ‡jb gM Ges wenvi ¸‡jv wQ‡jv AwaKvskB g‡Mi| wZwb ivR¸iæ c‡` AwawôZ nevi cieZx© `yB erm‡i 31wU wenvi ms¯‹vi I wbg©vY nq e‡j Rvbv hvq Ges PvKgv RvwZi kÖgY wfÿz `ªæZ e„w× cvq|

cÖexe‡ì gy‡L GL‡bv †kvbv hvq, PvKgv mv‡K©‡j GK mgq wfÿz †`L‡j MÖvgevmxiv cwinvm Ki‡Zv| Ggb wK wfÿzi cwi‡aq e ¿ Ly‡j w`‡q Dj½ bvP‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Zv Ges gv_vi Zvjy‡Z g` †X‡j w`‡Zv e‡j Rvbv hvq| ag©xq I mvgvwRK Kg© jyix, eªvþY w`‡q Kiv n‡Zv| Zx_© ’vb wn‡m‡e mxZvKzÐ I g›`vwKbx‡Z †h‡Zv| mgv‡Ri Ggb evav aiv Kzms¯‹vi †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ AMÖesk wkl¨mn ¯‡a©i evYx cÖPvivwfhv‡b †ewo‡q c‡ob cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j| wg_¨v „wó m¤úbœ gvbyl wd‡i Avm‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv ey‡×i ¯§i‡Y| hyMhyM a‡i Nywg‡q _vKv gvby‡liv †`L‡Z †c‡jv †eŠ× a‡g©i wK GK A™¢zZ RvMiY| m‡Zï gnvb Av`k©‡K AbymiY K‡i gyw³i c_ G‡b w`‡jb AMÖesk| gyis m¤úª v‡qi ‡bZv kÖxü`q iÄb †ivqvRv wbg©vY Ki‡jb †eŠ×wenvi| PvK, L¨vs I wÎcyiv‡ì g‡a¨ Rb K‡qK AMÖes‡ki wbKU `xÿv wb‡q ïiæ Ki‡jb ag© cÖPvi| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g `vb, kxj, fvebvi mg¨K c×wZ, ey× c~Rv, mxejx c~Rv, msN `vb, Aó cwi®‹vi `vb I KwVb Pxei `vb me© cÖ_g cÖPjb ïiæ n‡jv| e›`bv ev cÖv_©bv, m~Î ev Mv_vi D”PviY Ges Zvi myi Q‡›ì aviv cÖeZ©b cÖ_g †kvbv †M‡jv| ag©mfv, wfÿzi KZ©e¨, M„nxi KZ©e¨ I m‡ev©cwi †eŠ× wenvi ’vcb Ges m¤úªmviY, wfÿz mwgwZ, †eŠ× mwgwZ, cvwj †Uvj I K‡jR ’vcb, QvÎvevm BZ¨vw` GKgvÎ ivR¸iæ kÖxgr AMÖesk gnv ’we‡ii Z¨v‡Mi

Ab¨Zg gwngv|

22 †k wW‡m¤i 1973 Bs wZbw`b e¨vcx ÔwbwLj fviZ †eŠ× gnvm‡¤§jbÕ Dcj‡ÿ miKvixfv‡e Avgš¿Y †c‡q fvi‡Zi f~e‡bk¦i hvb| D³ m‡¤§j‡b wZwb †k‡li w`b mfvcwZZ¡ K‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †eŠ× RbM‡Yi K_v Zz‡j a‡ib|

1958 Bs Ômgevq ey‡×vcvmbvÕ cy ÍK ¯bvgab¨ kÖxhy³ Kvwgbx †Ìqv‡bi wZb cy‡Îi A_©vbyKz‡j¨ cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi wZb As‡Ki bvUK cwiYvg, gnvhvÎx (Kve¨), weÁvb I †eŠ× ag©, kÖvg‡Yi KZ©e¨, Pvsgv Kavq g½j m~Î, `k©b I we`k©b cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi `xN© w`‡bi cÖ‡Póvq Ôey‡×i Ae`vbÕ wZb LÐ cvÐzwjwc

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 44

ivRwenv‡i _vKvi mgq wj‡Lb| 1971 Bs m‡b ivRv wÎwè ivq cvwK Ívb P‡j hvb| GB my‡hv‡M KwZcq ¯v_©‡šlx ivbx AviwZ‡K cÖ‡jvwfZ Kivi my‡hvM cvq| AZtci 1979 Bs m‡bi b‡f¤i gv‡m ivRwenvi Z¨vM K‡i KwjKvZvq P‡j hvb| †mLv‡b ey‡×vcvmbv, †evwaPh©v Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z The StopmGenoside in

CHTs. Bangladesh bv‡g wZbwU cy ÍK cÖKvk K‡ib|

1982 m‡b 13B RyjvB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox RbM‡Yi Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZev‡` AMÖesk KwjKvZvq GK Rbmfv Av‡qvRb K‡ib Ges cÖavb gš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›ìv MvÜxi mv‡_ mvÿvr Ki‡Z `‡ji †bZ…Z¡ †`b|

1987 Bs m‡b Rvbyqvix gv‡m †bcv‡j AbywôZ nq AvšÍR©vwZK †eŠ× m‡¤§jb| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi weivRgvb cwiw ’wZ I DcRvZxq RbM‡Yi Dci AgvbywlK wbh©vZb Avi gvbevwaKvi j½‡bi Awf‡hvM wek¦ RbM‡Yi wbKU Zz‡j a‡ib| t †`k (fviZ), B‡ËdvK (evsjv‡`k)| Bnv QvovI †R‡bfvq wM‡qwQ‡jb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨vi K_v Zz‡j ai‡Z| _vBj¨vÐ, K‡¤vwWqv, jÛb, nj¨vÛ, myBRvij¨vÛ, †b`vij¨vÛ, Rvg©vbx, wf‡qZbvg, Rvcvb cÖf…wZ †`k ågY K‡iwQ‡jb|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 45

PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE CEYLON

Colombo 11th

March, 1964

Rev. Sir,

Improvement of Buddhism in Chittagong Hill Tracts.

I am directed by the Hon. Prime Minister to acknowledge

receipt of your leter dated 21st

February, 1964 and to inform

you that it has been referred to the Hon. Minister of Education

and Cultural Affairs for disposal.

I am Rev. Sir,

Your obedient servant.

Rev. Aggavansa Thera,

President of the Chittagong

Hill Tracts Buddhist Association,

Rangamati Rajvihar, Rajbari

f. Acting Secretary to the

Prime Minister.

Headquarters

WORLD FELLOWSHIP OF BUDDHISTS 41, Phar Athit Street

Bangkok, Thailand.

Cable : World Buddhist Bangkok Telephone : 20311

WFB (41) 264/67 Date 8th

May, 1967

Ven. Aggavansa Thero,

President

Chittagong Hill Tracts Buddhist Association,

Raj Vihar Bitan, Rangamati,

Chittagong Hill Tracts, East Pakistan.

Your Venerable,

H.D. H. Princess Poon Posmai Diskul, President of World

Fellowship of Buddhists has received and read your letter

dated 26th

Aprill 1967 with high asleem.

With her advice, we have forwarded to you by seamil the

following books for information.

With loving kindness and metta.

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 46

Yoursn in the Dhamma.

Aicm Sangkhavnsi

Hon. Generni-Scereinry.

A/S

(1) I copy Report of the 8th

General Conference of the World

Fellowship of Buddhists, Chiangmai, Thailand 6th

-12th

November

B.C. 2509 (1966)

(2) 5 copies Buddhism the religion of Thailand.

(3) 5 copies an Introduction to the W. F. B.

(4) I copy Monarchical Protection of the Buddhist Church in Siam.

(5) I copy Venue of WFB Eighth General Conference.

(6) I copy WFB News Bulletin, Vol-11F, No.6.

Prof. Dr. II. Bechert and Dr. G. Roth Gocttingen. 7.7.67

Indologisches Seminar

Universitnct Gottingen

Hainbundstr. 21

34 Gottingen

Germany (West)

Reverend Rajguru Shrimat Agrvamsa Mohasthavira,

Respectful Greetings.

This is to inform you that we have reached home well

accompanied by your blessings. We both very much enjoyed the

atmosphere of sanciticity and quiet contemplation at your Rajbari

residence. We feel very greatful that you magnanimously let us have a

share in your profound knowledge of the Bauddha Dharma and

Samgha.

You have also been good enough to lend us the valuable

manuscripts from your library. As soon as we have been able to have

them xerocopied at out State Library here they will be duly returned.

We pray for the good health and well-keeping of Yours, Reverend

Rajguru, and of your fellow bhikkhus.

Bhagavan help us to maintain peace on earth.

Bowing our head we remain with respectful greetings.

Yours sincerely

H. Bechert

G. Roth

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 47

THE FOREGN SERVICE

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Hong Kong, B.C.C.

October 19, 1907

Venerable Raj Guru Aggra Vansa Mahathera

President

Chittagong Hill Tracts Buddhist Association

Rangamati Sub-Division, Chittagong Hill Tracts District

Rangamati, East Pakistan.

Sir,

Since September 15, I have been hospitalized in Hong Kong

with a heart attack and regret that I may not be able to visit or

even write to you in the near future.

However, I trust that you are all doing well in your work and

will remember to write me.

Wishing you the best.

Respectfully yours in the Dhamma

Richard A. Gard

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 48


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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 49

ivR¸iæ kÖxgr AMÖesk gnv ’we‡ii cÖ‡Póvq GZ & AÂ‡j †eŠ×a‡g©i cybtRvMiY wK Avðh© RbKfv‡e m¤úbœ nq PvKgv ivRv e¨vwióvi †èvkxl ivq Zuvi Buddhist Revival in the Chittagong Hill Tracts kxl©K mv¤úªwZK cÖe‡Ü wPËvKl©Kfv‡e my›ì eY©bv cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb t Kalindi’s reforms had

far reaching effects not only the Chakmas but also in the

Marmas and the Baruas. Since her time, Buddhist has gradually

advanced at the expense of animist and other non Buddhist

practices. However, the number of Chakma monks and

Monasteries in the Chakma country were still far-smaller that in the

case of the Barua and the Marma. The great change in

the Buddhist practices of the Chakma came in the 1950’s

almost exactly a hundred years after Rani Kalindi and Sangharaja

Saramedha. In 1958, at the invitation of the Chakma Raja Tridiv

Roy, the Venerable Agravamsa Thera (now Mahathera) came to

Rangamati to be appointed the Chakma Raj Guru.in 1959, the

Parbatya Chattagram Bhikkhu Samity, was established under

the Rajgurusnleadership and the number of monasteries.

These effects were felt even among the smaller peoples such as

Mro and Khyang. The Rajguru remained in Rangamati upto 1976

and the Buddhists of Chittagong Hill Tracts recall the venerable

Agravansa’s name with much gratitude. This learned Pali

schoolar and exponent of the Tripitaka who studied in Burma for

more than ten years has left belime a rich legacy. ( ªóe¨ t- weskwZZg KwVb Pxei `vb ¯§iwYKv 1993| ivReb wenvi, ivReb, iv½vgvwU| c„t 46, 47) ivRv †èvkxl ivq g‡nv`‡qi GB e³‡e¨ ivR¸iæ kÖxgr AMÖesk gnv ’we‡ii Ae`v‡bi cÖwZ ¯Ztù~Z© ¯xK…wZ Ges Zvi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK K…ZÁZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 50

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 51

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 52

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 53

kÖx †hv‡Mk P› ª ZÂ½¨v mvZwU MQvi GKwU RvwZ| †mB RvwZi bvg ZÂ½¨v RvwZ| GB ZÂ½¨v

RvwZi BwZnvm me© cÖ_g wj‡L AMÖMY¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb kÖx †hv‡Mk P›`ª ZÂ½¨v| 1985 Bs m‡b ÒZÂ½¨v DcRvwZÓ bv‡g Zvi BwZnvm cÖKvwkZ nq| wZwb miKvix cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK wQ‡jb| 1988Bs m‡b PvKzix‡Z Aemi MÖnY K‡i 1993 Bs m‡b ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

‰Kk‡i wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi Avh©msMxZ we`¨vcxV †_‡K Z`vwbšÍb I Ív` RM`vb›` eo–qvi wbKU msMxZ I euvkx cÖwkÿY m¤úbœ K‡ib| hvÎv `‡ji K‡qKwU bvU‡K wZwb bvixi Awfbq K‡i cÖksmv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wewfbœ msKj‡b †QvU Mí I KweZv wj‡L mycwiwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wejvBQwo _vbvaxb 122bs KzZzew`qv †gŠRvq Zuvi Rb¥ Ges kÖx KzÄ gnvR‡bi †cŠÎ wQ‡jb|

kÖx Ck¦i P› ª ZÂ½¨v Bwb ZÂ½¨v m¤úª v‡qi cÖ_g we.G. cvk| 1935 Bs m‡b îm¨vwewj bvgK ’v‡b Zvi Rb¥ nq| †Rjv Kvbyb‡Mv wnmv‡e Zuvi PvKzix Rxe‡b K‡qKwU Mvb

wj‡LwQ‡jb| 1993 Bs m‡b XvKvq mvK©fz³ mvZwU †`‡ki ivóª cÖavb I cÖwZwbwai Dcw ’wZ‡Z Zuvi ÒI m›ì cybs PvbÓ MvbwUi Dci †òkZvwaK Ziæbx b„Z¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i _v‡K| 1993 Bs m‡b iv½vgvwU ’ wbR evwo‡Z ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

kÖx exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v 8B GwcÖj 1995 m‡b ev›ìevb mì _vbvaxb evjvNvUvq ZÂ½¨v HwZnvwmK gnvm‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| GZ‡`vcj‡ÿ Zuvi ZÂ½¨v cwiwPwZ bv‡g cy ÍK cÖKvwkZ nq| 1981 m‡b kÖxj¼v miKvi KZ©„K cÖ Ë GKwU †evwae„‡ÿi Pviv evsjv‡`‡ki kÖxj¼vi ivóª ~Z iv½vgvwU ivReb wenv‡i Avbqb K‡ib| †evwa PvivwU †MŠZg †h eU e„ÿ g~‡j e‡m ey×Z¡ jvf K‡ib †m e„‡ÿiB ¯skRvZ| D³ mg‡q ivReb wenv‡i GK Af~Zc~e© gvby‡li Xj e‡q hvq| kÖxj¼v I evg©vi ivóª ~Z QvovI †`‡ki miKvi cÖwZwbwa D³ †evwaPviv †ivcb Drm‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb| GB gnZx Abyôv‡b Òe„n‡Zi mÜv‡bÓ bv‡g ¯§iwYKv cÖKvk K‡i kÖx exi Kzgvi hk¯x nb| Zuvi cÖKvwkZ cy Í‡Ki g‡a¨ An©r mxejx (PvKgv fvlvq), PvKgv‡ì mvgvwRK Abyôvb I †eŠ× ag©, mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ I ag©xq `k©b, †jvKvqZ `k©b LyeB D‡jøL‡hvM¨ I M‡elYv g~jK iPbv LyeB Zvrch©c~Y© e‡j ¯xK…wZ cvq| KwjKvZv †_‡K wbqwgZ

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 54

cÖKvwkZ Ò‡evwa fviZxÓ cwÎKvq K‡qKwU Mí I cÖeÜ Qvcv n‡qwQ‡jv| H cwÎKvq Zuvi Bs‡iwR KweZv In Quest of Peace kÖxj¼v I _vBj¨vÛ †_‡K ag©xq †mwgbv‡i cwVZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| evey exi Kzgvi GKRb ewjô †jLK Ges Zuvi cÖe‡Üi Dci G hver K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †mwgbvi n‡qwQ‡jv| kÖx KzÄ ZÂ½¨v ZÂ½¨v RvwZi GK abvX¨ gwnjvi bvg KzwšÍ †èx| Zuvi Rb¥ ZvwiL AvbygvwbK 1850 Lªxóv‡ãi Av‡Mi| eZ©gvb RyiQwo _vbvaxb mjK ev myejs b`xi DRv‡b †ZQwo bvgK ’v‡b I mgq Zuv‡ì MÖvg wQ‡jv| awiÎxi K…cvq mvgvb¨ Ryg Pvl K‡i wZwb †c‡Zb Zvi eû¸Y †ekx km¨ m¤ú`| ZvB Zv‡K GjvKvevmx mevB g‡b Ki‡Zv ¯qs gvj²x| A‡b‡KB mviv eQ‡ii cwikÖ‡gi dmj hv‡Z Lywk g‡b evwo‡Z Zzj‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ KzwšÍi bv‡g gvbm Ki‡Zv| Zvi bvwK 25wU ¯Y© gy`ªv I 1000wU †iŠc¨ gy`ªv wQ‡jv|

KzwšÍi GKcyÎ yB Kb¨v| cy‡Îi bvg KzÄ ZÂ½¨v| †hŠeb cÖvwßi ci KzÄ gwnl Pov‡Z wM‡q wbR©b ’v‡b GK kvšÍ †mŠg¨ axi mbœ vmxi mvÿvr nq| mbœ vmx KzÄ‡K e‡jwQ‡jb- Ò‡Zvgvi gv_vi Les Ly‡jv|Ó GB ejvi ci Kcv‡ji †iLvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡jwQ‡jb- ÒZzwg eo †jv‡Ki wcZv n‡e|Ó

KzÄ m‡Z‡iv eQi eq‡m GKwU MÐvi wkKvi K‡i wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| GKw`b ~i e‡bi wkKvi Ki‡Z wM‡q †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb cÖKvÐ GK evN Rsjx Qov axi MwZ‡Z cvo n‡”Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ e› yK Zz‡j ZvK w`‡q ¸wj Qzuo‡Z D`¨Z n‡jb KzÄ| wKš‘ cvi‡jb bv| IUv evN bq, evNiƒcx GKRb dzwMi ev mbœ vmx| e›`yK ZvK w`‡j †`L‡Z cvb dzwMi| Avevi e› yK bvwg‡q †`L‡j evN! Ggb PgwKZ AjxK NUbv `k©‡b ¸wj bv Qzu‡o evwo‡Z wd‡i G‡jb| iv‡Î evNiƒcx mbœ vmx KzÄ‡K ¯cœ †hv‡M Rvbv‡jb- Zzwg Gevi †_‡K e›`yK Z¨vM Ki, fvM¨ †Zvgvi DbœwZ n‡e| evNiƒcx dzwMi †hLv‡b `k©b n‡qwQ‡jv GB NUbvi ci †mB Qovi bvg ivLv nq dzwMi Qov| ¯§„wZ weRwiZ myejs-G dzwMi Qovq eZ©gv‡b gvby‡li emwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q, †mLv‡b dzwMi Qov evRvi I ¯‹zj n‡q‡Q|

1870 Lªxóv‡ãi ci myejs GjvKv miKvi ebvqb Kivi †NvlYv w`‡j †jvKRb †m ’vb Z¨vM K‡i ivBsL¨s GjvKvq cybtemwZ ’vcb K‡i| 122bs KzZzew`qv †gŠRvi eov`‡g my›ì GKwU wØZj evwo wbg©vY K‡i Ry‡gi cwie‡Z© Rwg Pv‡l g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib Ges Rwg`vi KzÄ gnvRb bv‡g cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g mycwiwPZ nb|

AwZ `qvjy I AK…cb `vZv wnmv‡e mKj cvnvwo RvwZi Kv‡Q wZwb AwZ kÖ‡×q wQ‡jb| wØZxq gnvhy‡×i mgq Abvnv‡i cÖcxwoZ kZ kZ gvby‡li Rxeb euvwP‡q wQ‡jb wZwb| Zuvi cuvP cyÎ ivBsL¨s GjvKvq †kÖô gnvRb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 55

‡K †Kvb wel‡q me©cÖ_g 1| †kÖô abvX¨ gwnjv t KzwšÍ †èx (AvbygvwbK 1800 m‡bi Av‡M)

Zuvi 25wU ¯Y© gy`ªv I 1000wU †iŠc¨ gy`ªv wQ‡jv|

2| †kô A_©kvjx t KzwšÍ †èxi GKgvÎ cyÎ KzÄ| Zuvi 1| iwmK P›`ª| 2| RyiPvb| 3| wkKj Pvb (GB cy ÍK †jL‡Ki wcZv) 4| iwmK bvMi| 5| ¸YgwY bv‡g GB cuvP cyÎ mevB ZÂ½¨v RvwZi †kÖô gnvRb bv‡g L¨vZ|

3| †kÖô ewj t jvj gywb ZÂ½¨v| e„wUk miKv‡ii `kRb kw³kvjx ˆmwb‡Ki mv‡_ wZwb GKK fv‡e `wo UvbvUvwb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Rqx n‡q cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| ¯bvgab¨ Kvwgbx †gvnb †Ìqvb KZ©„K iv½vgvwU‡Z GB Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j cÖZ¨ÿ`k©xi wbKU Rvbv hvq|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZi Av‡iv GKR‡bi bvg LvBZ ewj| wZwb jvj gwYi Av‡M ewj bv‡g mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb| ewj gv‡ÎB Ajm Mixe I kvšÍ| ZvB GKw`b Ry‡gi UsN‡i ivLv c‡ii avb 18 Avwo (GK Avwo = 16 †mi A_©vr 7 gY 8 †mi) GKvB eo GKwU cyK¨vmn Pzwi K‡i wb‡q hvb|

4| me©cÖ_g ag© cy ÍK I Pvsgv †jLv

t

cy ÍK cÖ‡YZv t kÖx cgjv ab ZÂ½¨v| 1931 mv‡j a¤§©aŸR RvZK, 1938 mv‡j ÔPvsgv †jLvÕ bv‡g eY©gvjvi cy ÍK cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb ivRKwe Dcvwa jvf K‡ib|

5| ag©wkÿvq we‡`k Mgb t wfÿz wcÖqiZœ| M„nxi bvg cvjK ab ZÂ½¨v| wZwb PvKgvivR bwjbvÿ iv‡qi ivR¸iæ

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 56

wQ‡jb| Rxe‡b GKevi kÖxjsKv Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| Z‡e ZÂ½¨v wfÿz kÖxgr AvPvi 1933 m‡b kÖxj¼vq AvKv‡j Iqv‡Z© bvgK cÖwZôv‡b ag©xq wkÿv jvf K‡ib|

6| ag©xq wkÿvq we‡`‡k D”P wWMÖx I lô msMxwZ KviK

t

wfÿz AMÖesk| †i½y‡b 11 ermi ag©xq wkÿv jvf K‡ib| 1957 mv‡j PvKgv ivRv wÎwè iv‡qi Avgš¿‡Y ¯‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b Ges ivR¸iæ c‡` AwawôZ nb|

7| cÖ_g KwVb Pxei `vb t 120bs QvµvQwo †gŠRvi †nWg¨vb kÖx f°jx Avgy KZ©„K 1945 mv‡j eMjZjx †eŠ× wenv‡i KwVb Pxei `v‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| m¤¢eZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g GUvq me©cÖ_g|

8| †kÖô wMsLyjx t kÖx RqP›`ª ZÂ½¨v (Kvbv wMsLyjx)| AmvaviY ¯§„wZ kw³ m¤úbœ wZb ivRvi Kv‡Q AwZ wcÖq Ges ivR wMsLyjx Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ nb|

9| cÖ_g BD.wc †Pqvig¨vb t ‡iM¨Pz ZvjyK`vi, ivR ’jx|

10| cÖ_g G›UªvÝ cvk t ‡kvfvivbx ZvjyK`vi|

11| cÖ_g wRwU cvk t evwj¥Kx cÖmv` ZÂ½¨v|

12| cÖ_g we.G cvk t Ck¦i P›`ª ZÂ½¨v|

13| me©vwaK ag© MÖš’ cÖYqb Kib

t KvwË©K P›`ª ZÂ½¨v| ag©xq Kve¨, bvUK, evigvm 11wU cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb KweiZœ Dcvwa cvb|

14| we.Kg; Gj.Gj.we; B.wc.wm.Gm

t hZx› ª cÖmv` ZÂ½¨v| wZwb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcRvZxq‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g Gj.Gj.we. wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| PvKzixi †k‡l wZwb PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi AwZwi³ wefvMxq

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 57

Kwgkbvi Ges me©‡k‡l AvÂwjK cwil` cve©Z¨ †Rjvq gyL¨ wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

15| cÖ_g BwZnvm cÖ‡YZv t ‡hv‡Mk P› ª ZÂ½¨v| 1985 m‡b ÒZÂ½¨v DcRvwZÓ cÖKvwkZ K‡ib| PÆMÖv‡gi Avh© msMxZ †_‡K msMxZ I euvwk cÖwkÿY jvf K‡ib 1952 m‡b| bvU‡K Awfbq K‡i L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| †ckvq wkÿK|

16| wewkó †jLK t exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v| 1981 m‡b kÖxjsKv miKvi KZ©„K ivReb wenv‡i †evwaPviv †ivcb Dcj‡ÿ cÖKvwkZ Òe„n‡Zi mÜv‡bÓ Zuvi K„wZ‡Z¡i Ab¨Zg Ae`vb| wZwb GKRb 1g †kÖYxi †jLK wnmv‡e wewfbœ msKj‡b Zuvi †jLvi Dci wfwË K‡i K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †mwgbvi n‡q‡Q|

17| cÖ_g wmwbqi bvm© t ‡iYy ZvjyK`vi| 18| cÖ_g Gg,G t Ávb iÄb ZÂ½¨v| 19| cÖ_g gwnjv Gg,G t w œ»v ZÂ½¨v| 20| cÖ_g Gg,Gm,Gm t wgjb KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v| 21| cÖ_g we,Gm,wm t mZ¨ weKvk ZÂ½¨v| 22| cÖ_g gwnjv we,Gm,wm t ‡R¨vr œv ZÂ½¨v| 23| cÖ_g Gj,Gj,Gg t `xbbv_ ZÂ½¨v| 24| cÖ_g weGmwm BwÄwbqvi t `xwßgq ZÂ½¨v| 25| cÖ_g we,G Abvm©, Gg, Kg t iv‡R›`ª ZvjyK`vi| 26| cÖ_g wW‡cøvgv BwÄwbqvi t be Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v| 27| cÖ_g m~Î,webq,Awfag© Dcvwa t iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v| 28| gyw³‡hv×v t Awbj P› ª ZÂ½¨v| wZwb 1971 m‡b 1bs

†m±‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjb I mvnwmKZvi cwiPq enb K‡iwQ‡jb|

29| †eZvi I wUwf wkíx t `xbbv_ ZÂ½¨v|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 58

30| gwnjv †eZvi wkíx t mybxjv †èx ZÂ½¨v| 31| GgweweGm t wgZvjx ZÂ½¨v| 32|cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK `j MVb K‡ib t Avw`P› ª ZÂ½¨v| 33| †Rjv cwil‡ì cÖ_g m`m¨

t 1| cÖmbœ KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v| 2| iƒcgq ZÂ½¨v| 3| cwigj P› ª ZvjyK`vi|

34|AvÂwjK cwil‡ì cÖ_g m`m¨ t Wvt wbjy Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v| 35| cÖ_g †cŠi Kwgkbvi t wbg©j KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v| 36| Pviæ I Kviæ wkíx t iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v| e„nËi wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjvi

me© cÖ_g Pviæ I KviæKjv wel‡q m¤ú~Y© A‰eZwbK fv‡e cÖwkÿY w`‡q 1979 mv‡j ÒivOvgvwU PviæKjv GKv‡WgxÓ bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| m¤ú~Y© miKvix †emiKvix Avw_©K mvnvh¨ QvovB GKK cÖ‡Pôvq wU‡K ivLv cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎ-QvÎxiv Ghver eû RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i mKj miKvix mvnvh¨cyô cÖwZôv‡bi †P‡q K…wZ‡Z¡ AMÖMvgx i‡q‡Q| 1997 m‡bi g‡a¨ 17 Rb †`‡ki I †`‡ki evB‡i D”P wkÿv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jv Ges AÎ GjvKv‡Z cÖ k©bxi gva¨‡g PviæKjv e¨vcK m¤úªmviY N‡U‡Q| eû cy Í‡Ki cÖ”Q`, wewfbœ msKj‡b g‡bvMÖvg QvovI mvRm¾vi ˆbcyb¨Zvi c_ cÖ k©K Ges AvovB k‡Zi g‡Zv evsjv ZÂ½¨v I PvKgv Mvb iPwqZv| miKvix Kg©Pvix Avwgb| Z`vwbšÍb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvwo wkíx wnmv‡e 1jv Rvbyqvix 1981 m‡b e½fe‡b ZÂ½¨v wkíx‡K m¤â©bv cÖ vb K‡ib|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 59

ZÂ½¨v‡ì g‡a¨ D”P wkÿv (wWMÖx) jvf (1994 Bs m‡bi g‡a¨)

1| Ck¦i P›`ª ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 2| hZx›`ª cÖmv` ZÂ½¨v - we, Kg; Gj, Gj, we; B, wc, wm, Gm| 3| †kvfvivbx ZvjyK`vi - we, G| 4| Ávb iÄb ZÂ½¨v - we, G (Abvm©); Gg, G; we, GW| 5| mZ¨ weKvk ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, wm; we, GW| 6| gsPvby ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 7| `xb bv_ ZÂ½¨v - Gj, Gj, we (Abvm©); Gj, Gj, Gg| 8| †iYy ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 9| `xwßgq ZÂ½¨v - we, Gmwm; wm, we, B| 10| Av‡`vB iÄb ZvjyK`vi - we, G| 11| exw_ ZÂ½¨v - we, G; we, GW; wU, Gg, G| 12| weay f~lY ZÂ½¨v - we, G; we, GW| 13| wbeviY P›`ª ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 14| †R¨vr œv ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 15| †hv‡Mk P› ª ZÂ½¨v - we, G (Abvm©); Gg, G| 16| wgjb KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, Gm (Abvm©); Gg, Gm, Gm| 17| evey jvj ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 18| w œ»v ZÂ½¨v - Gg, G| 19| iv‡R›`ª jvj ZÂ½¨v - we, G (Abvm©); Gg, G| 20| K…Z iÄb ZvjyK`vi - we, Gm, Gm (Abvm©); Gg, Gm, Gm| 21| wgZvjx ZvjyK`vi - Gg, we, we, Gm 22| my‡jLv ZÂ½¨v - Gg, G (cixÿv_©x)| 23| AwgZv ZÂ½¨v - Gg, G (cixÿv_©x)| 24| †R¨vr œv ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, wm| 25| Drcj ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 26| wek¦wRZ ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 27| `xcb ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, wm| 28| †ÿg iÄb ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 29| cÖfvZ P›`ª ZvjyK`vi - we, G|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 60

30| wbg©j P› ª ZvjyK`vi- - we, G| 31| `qvivg ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 32| mybxj KvwšÍ ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 33| wPË iÄb ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 34| g‡bviÄb ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 35| Agj weKvk ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 36| RxZv ZvjyK`vi - we, G| 37| myßv ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 38| nwik P› ª ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 39| b›`xq ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 40| iƒckÖx ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 41| cÖ xc Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 42| `xwjc Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 43| D`q ksKi ZÂ½¨v - we, G| 44| Abycg ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, wm; we, B| 45| weavb P›`ª ZÂ½¨v - we, Gm, wm| 46| †evwa P›`ª ZÂ½¨v - we, G|

☼ wW‡cøvgv BwÄwbqvi 1| be Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v (eZ©gvb Dc-wefvMxq cÖ‡KŠkjx) 2| `y yivg ZÂ½¨v 3| KvÂb ZÂ½¨v 4| my`Ë ZÂ½¨v|

☼ K…wl wW‡cøvgvavix 1| iRbx KvšÍ ZÂ½¨v 2| wk‡ivgwY ZÂ½¨v 3| b›`xq ZÂ½¨v 4| w`‡e¨› y ZÂ½¨v|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 61

ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlvi wbR¯^ I AbyKiY kã

AZx‡Z ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ Angxqv‡ì fvlv ms¯‹…wZi ch©v‡q AšÍf©~³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| AvivKv‡b `xN© cÖevm Rxe‡b †mLvbKvi ’vbxq †jv‡Ki mv‡_ mvgvwRK I ag©xq eÜb GgbwK fvlv kã AbyKiY cwijwÿZ nq| †h Kvi‡Y ZÂ½¨vMY ZLb †_‡KB †eŠ× ag©vej¤x hLb AvivKv‡b Ae ’vb K‡iwQ‡jv| wbR¯ eëüZ kã, AbyKiY I wgkÖY kã wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU D×…wZ Kiv ‡M‡jv|

ZÂ½¨v‡ì eëüZ ag©xq kã I evsjv A_© div Zviv msN - ey× ag© msN cvBÂvs - wfÿz gBÂvs - kÖgY dzsMÖx - eq¯‹ wfÿz ‡mvqvBs/AvK&fvZ - ivbœvi ci gy‡L

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Uvgvs Us - fvZ cvnvo| a‡g©i D‡Ï‡k¨ fvZ w`‡q ‘c ˆZix K‡i DrmM© Kiv nq|

P¨ve - cw_K‡ì cvš’kvjv MmvBb& - ey× ‰c - AN© Wvjv mv`vs - kxj MÖnY ‡jv_K - eªþPh©v †_‡K Pz¨Z

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 62

ZÂ½¨v‡ì eëüZ cÖvPxb kã

ANv - AwkwÿZ A³ - mgq Abmyi - AbeiZ, me© v Abwcb - †evKv ev cvMj

ai‡bi PwiÎ AgMo - mvsNvwZK AiK& - gyiMxi wWg cvivi LvuPv n&Ajv - `‡ji †ec‡ivqv m ©vi AmvO¨v - weevn Kiv hvq bv

Ggb KzUzg AvDK& - wPÎ AvPz - `v`y AvwPK& - Aemi AvMvm¨v - mvsNvwZK AvMZ&-Zv - Aÿ‡ii Zviv, eB AvgK& - AevK Avjvg& - Kvc‡oi b·v Av‡jv Sv‡j - cwigv‡Yi AwaK AvK¨vs - Af¨ Í Av‡iK¨v - nVvr n&AvNv - cvqLvbv n&Avbv - g‡b wKQz bv Kiv Avjs - †PŠwK n&Avevm¨v - †jvfx n&AvDBZ& - AvMÖn Ave¨v`x - evi ermi eq‡mi

Kg evwjKv AvevBZ& - kã, AvIqvR AvbyK¨v - PvKgv RvwZ BP - N‡ii yqv‡i gvPvs BËzK - Aí Cj& - Z…wß ÇZ&/CMZ& - AK¯§vr DwP - AwZw_‡K Avc¨vqb

Dbv - cwigv‡Y Kg Dg& Dg& - mvgvb¨ Mig Ee& - ûum, †PZb Dgym¨v - Dò D‡jøvqv - Aeva¨ G‡LBg& - GKvMÖwPË Gj& - meyR Ggvb& - AeyS/cï Jqvb&wP/JqvBbx - cwiZvc KAvjv/KPiv - gqjvhy³ KPgv - Kg eqmx/KwP Kvwej& - `ÿ ‡Kvj& - SMov Kv‡iMv - †K`viv, †Pqvi wKev - K…cv ‡Kqve& - duv` wKwPs - `yB cvnv‡oi gaëZx© KzP¨v/KPgv - Kg eqmx, KwP KziæMx - wgwó K_v Kzmvjx - Aby‡iva KzZ¨vjx/KzZ¨vix - AnsKvix, wnsmyK KzPzK¨v - KzPµx LK&K‡iB - KvZzKzZz Lys - cvnv‡oi wkiv Lv - Z‡jvqvi Mi&ev - AwZw_ MAvs - mxgv/‡Niv M‡àvqv - Mí †h †ekx K‡i ¸bvevB - cÖ ªve Kiv MmvBb& - ey× MvB MvB - GKv GKv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 63

Mvm¨v - wR` †h K‡i ¸Pvs/nK - FRy ¸bvnvi - †jvKmvb Mvey - †hŠeb Ny - gj wNjv - PvKv NyBb& - PzY© PMv - k¥kvb PiM& - iƒcmvR wPwQ - K…cb Pvbv/‡dmvs - eviv›`v ‡Pjv - †bZv wPK&wPK¨v - wbtm½Zv PzP¨vs - Zxÿè PvswP/CqAswPK& - D”P wkm aŸwb P¨vbv - K…k, RxY© RvOvj& - c_ RMv - wPrKvi RNv - g` RvZxq RNv - wgwj‡q †`Lv Rvb& - Rxeb Rvwi/Rvw` - gvwUi ‘c Rvwjg& - cUz/mvsNvwZK Rvi¸qv - AevwÂZ wRsKvbx - Rxeb hvÎv Ry/Qvjvs - bg¯‹vi Svg - `xN© jç SvivK& KvivK&/‡mUªv - G‡jv‡g‡jv ZvivK¨v - Lv`K ZvDg& - Mnxb eb _vBÂv - Awfgvbx UzK¨v¤§ - gyKzU, Uzwc _vMv - †meK, `vqK `yev - PvgP

avev - †`Šuo ave& - AvMÖn; cvnv‡oi wbPz ’vb aK& - cVb ‡as - `yó aye& - mv`v ay¸/Kb&Pvj& - _‡j b‡bBqv - AbyMZ bgb&myK/bqvbmyK - wnRov _viv ˆc - c~RvcKi‡Yi AN© Wvjv c³ - cwicyó cmv - AvmevecÎ cK&Zv - †gvUv/¯v ’ evb cqvm¨v - ivwÎi †kl fv‡M cvij& - nvjKv wcqc¨ - Avb›`/DrmyK wclyg - wcïb, Kzrmv iUbvKvix wcjvs - †evZj cv ªv - fxiæ cyBgvj& - †ÿ‡Zi Dc ªc ‡c‡iBm¨v - Acwi¯‹vi _vKv ‡cqviv - eveyB cvwL c¨s - P¨vÞv nIqv ‰civs/‡gPvs - †fvRbvmb, euv‡ki

ˆZix †fvRb †eZ cjøvb& - wkKvix ds - hy³ dvM& - `j/c„_K dv‡Ëvqv - feNy‡i dzwMi - dwKi, mbœ vmx wd - `kv RwbZ AvµgY d¨vM - Zvw”Qj¨, bó nIqv eËv - AvwkeŸ©v` ePs - g›` evbv-evbv - Ab_©K

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 64

evsLy - †eÂ evsLywi - Pzwo fs/Leis - cvMox fzËvs - †fuvZv fzjyMv - mO mvRv fzjyK& PzjyK& - duvwK †hvwK gMvmvb¨v - weKv‡ji ci I mÜ¨vi Av‡M gCb& - cvnvo gv‡jqv - webv A‡_© ci‡K

Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kiv gyK& - ¿x ¤§ - nZf¤^, D`vm ‡gvBb& - cvnvo i - kã wes/‡iBs - D”P ¯‡i Avn¬v` aŸwb ‡ivqv - MÖvg jvs - †cÖwgK jvsWv - bMœ/Dj½ jvO¨v-jvO¨bx - †cÖwgK-‡cÖwgKv jøvs - mvd nIqv jvËs/jv”Qzs - weevn eÜb ‡jevs - †hŠe‡b c`vc©b/iƒcaviY jøvev/aK& - †kvfb, mykÖx jøs †LBs/jøs †PBs - ïK‡ii Rb¨ ˆZix Lvevi †`qv †QvU Mv‡Qi †bŠKv ‡j‡jK¨v - Aw ’i jyweqZ& - Avc¨vqb e¨vbx - cÖm~wZ e¨vK& - me mqvj& - ZK©

mvOv - weevn, weev‡ni Av‡qvRb, wgjb mviæqv - fvlvnxb cï mvO¨v - weevn Kiv hvq Ggb KzUzg ‡mivg& - ÿgZv/mvnm mvOvBZ& - mv_x nIqv mvivj¨v - KzwK jymvB cvsLy

Ime wbôzi binZ¨v Kvix

mvevj¨v - NUKvjx/NUK kqvj& - ZK© kxiv - kvšÍ ‡kËx - abx ‡ke&eËv - Avwke©v` oqvs - wbiæ‡Ïk q¨s - Ny‡gi †Nv‡i K_v ejv q¨s q¨s - wPr n‡q ï‡j _vKv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 65

ZÂ½¨v‡ì mvgvwRK AvBb ZÂ½¨v mgv‡R †hB †hB m¤ú‡K© weevn n‡Z cv‡i GKK_vq †m¸‡jv‡K e‡j

†dj¨v Kziæg ev †Lj¨v Kziæg|

weevn n‡Z cv‡i bv †h me m¤úK©My‡jv‡K Mi&ev Kziæg ejv n‡q _v‡K| GKB wcZ… i³ avivq Aat Íb cÂg cyiæl ‡_‡K mg m¤ú‡K© weevn n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b weevn †hvM¨ m¤úK© ¸‡jvi Av‡qvRb Zz‡j aiv †M‡jv t

1| mg m¤ú‡K© weevn nq| m¤úK© wePvi cvÎ-cvÎx Df‡qi esk Íi mgvb n‡j Df‡qi g‡a¨ mg eySvq| †hgb- evev, KvKv, †RVv, gvgv, gv, gvmx cÖf…wZ mg m¤úK©|

2| wbtm¤úK©xq †h †Kvb hyeK-hyeZxi g‡a¨ weevn n‡Z cv‡i|

3| †eŠwì †QvU †evb‡K weevn Kiv hvq|

4| fvB I †ev‡bi ci¯ú‡ii †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ weevn n‡Z cv‡i|

5| ¿xi †h †Kvb m¤ú‡K©i †QvU †evb‡K weevn Kiv hvq|

6| kvjv wKsev m¤Üxi ¿x weaev wKsev ZvjvK cÖvß n‡j weevn Kiv hvh|

‡h me Miev Kziæg weevn Ki‡j RvZxq wePv‡i m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq †m A‰ea m¤úK© ¸‡jvi ZvwjKv Zz‡j aiv ‡Mj t-

1| m‡nvì fvB †ev‡bi ev †RVv I KvKvi †Q‡j †g‡qi weevn n‡Z cv‡i bv| 2| GKB wcZvi Ji‡m wfbœ wfbœ gv‡qi Mf©RvZ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ weevn

n‡Z cv‡i bv| 3| Amg m¤ú‡K© weevn n‡Z cv‡ibv| m¤úK© wePv‡i cvÎ-cvÎx GKB esk Í‡ii

†jvK bv n‡j Df‡qi g‡a¨ Amg eySvq| 4| †hgb, gvgv-fvMœx, Ly‡ov-fvBwS, gvmx-fv‡Mœ, wcmx-fvB‡cv BZ¨vw`| 5| wb‡Ri ¿xi Avcb PvPv‡Zv, gvmZz‡Zv, †R¨VZz‡Zv cÖf…wZ eo †evb‡K †h

†Kvb Ae ’v‡Z GgbwK ¿xi g„Zz¨ wKsev ZvjvK †Ìqv n‡jI weevn Kiv wbwl×| 6| Zvj‡Zv fvB‡qi mv‡_ ‡g‡qi weevn n‡Z cv‡i bv| 7| jeq-¯mb A_©vr fvBiv fvB m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ G‡Ki fvB‡qi mv‡_ Ac‡ii

weevn n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 66

‰ea weevn NwUZ RvZxq wePvi c×wZ t 1| êa weevwnZ ¯vgx ¿xi g‡a¨ g‡bvwgjb bv n‡j Av‡cv‡l Df‡qi g‡a¨ QvovQvwo A_©vr ZvjvK n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î ¯vÿxi ¯vÿi hy³ ÒQzi KvMRÓ A_©vr ZvjvK bvgx ¿xi eive‡i m¤úv`b K‡i w`‡jB weevn we‡”Q` N‡U| Gi kZ©vw` I Dfq c‡ÿi hy³ m¤§wZ‡Z Av‡cv‡l wVK Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

2| ¯vgx ¿x mnev‡m A_ev ¿x ¯vgx mnev‡m Aÿg cÖgvwYZ n‡j weevn we‡”Q‡ì AbygwZ †`qv nq|

[‡idv‡iÝ t †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki Av`vj‡Zi 1956 Bs 1bs Avcxj †gvKÏ©gv|]

3| ¯vgx Kzô, hÿv BZ¨vw` Gai‡bi msµvgK e¨vwaMÖ Í n‡j ¯vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ weevn we‡”Q‡ì AbygwZ †`qv nq| Aek¨ ¿xi cÿ †_‡K AvcwË bv n‡j G e¨vcv‡i mgv‡Ri KZ©e¨ wKQz _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|

4| ¿x‡K Ah_v Drcxob Ges wbôzi AvPiY Ki‡j †mB AZ¨vPvwiZv ¿x‡K Zvi ¯vgx †_‡K QvovQvwo K‡i †`qv nq|

[‡idv‡iÝ t (1) PvKgv ivRv Av`vj‡Zi 1947 Bs‡iwRi 3bs †gvZ©dv (‡gvKÏ©gv), (2) PvKgv ivRv Av`vj‡Zi 1959 Bs‡iwRi 65bs †gvZ©dv (‡gvKÏ©gv)|

A‡cÿvK…Z jNy Aciv‡a cÖ_g ev‡ii g‡Zv ¿xi fwel¨r wbivcËvi cÖwZkÖæwZ mn ¯vgxi KvQ †_‡K gyP‡jKv wb‡q ¿x‡K ¯vgxi †ndvR‡Z †`qvi weavb Av‡Qb|

5| eayi cÖwZ kïi k¦vïoxq Ah_v Drcxob I `ye ©env‡ii Rb¨ e¨wKZ& we‡k‡li KvQ †_‡K gyP‡jKv wb‡q c„_Kv‡bœ _vKvi Rb¨ ¯vgxi Dci wb‡ ©k †`qv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e evisevi hw` GKB NUbvi cybive„wË _v‡K Ges me Kvh©Kix eë¯’v wedj cÖgvwYZ n‡j ZLb Df‡qi QvovQvwo Av‡`k †`qv nq|

6| ‡Kn M„nxi Rxeb cwiZ¨vM K‡i ’vqx fv‡e cÖeªR¨v MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi ¿x cÖv_©bv g‡Z ¯vgxi AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K QvovQvwo Aby‡gv`b K‡i wØZxq ¯vgx MÖnY Kivi Av‡`k †`qv nq|

G‡ÿ‡Î ¯vgx hw` gvbm g‡Z wKsev A ’vqx fv‡e cÖeªR¨v MÖn‡Yi ci Zvi cÖeªw¾Z e ¿vw` cwiZ¨vM K‡i evwo‡Z Av‡m Zvn‡j ag©xq I mvgvwRK cÖ_v Abymv‡i mvgvwRK †fvR w`‡Z nq| D³ Kg© m¤úv`b Kiv bv n‡j mnevm Kiv A‰ea we‡ewPZ n‡q ïKi w`‡Z nq|

7| Kv‡iv hve¾xeb A_ev `xN© †gqv‡ì Kviv`Ð n‡j A_ev wbiæ‡Ïk n‡q †M‡j Ges Zvi †Kvb ‡LuvR cvIqv bv †M‡j †mB e¨w³i ¿xi cÖv_©bv g‡Z QvovQvwo Aby‡gv`b K‡i wØZxq ¯vgx MÖnY Kivi Av‡`k †`qv nq|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 67

8| ¯vgxi †`v‡l weevn we‡”Q` n‡j weev‡ni mgqKvi mg Í e ¿vjsKvi ZvjvK cÖvß ¿x †c‡q _v‡K| hw` e ¿vjsKvi bv _v‡K Zvn‡j mvgvwRK Av`vjZ GK ermi ch©šÍ †LvivKx A_ev A_© cÖ vb wb‡ ©k w`‡Z cv‡ib|

9| ¿xi †`v‡l weevn we‡”Q` n‡j ZvjvK cÖvß ¿x‡K weev‡n cvIqv e ¿vjsKvi †dir w`‡Z nq| ZvQvov weev‡ni mgq Ò`vfvÓ Ges weev‡ni AvswkK LiP ¯vgx †dir †c‡q _v‡K|

[‡idv‡iÝ t PvKgv ivRv Av`vj‡Zi 1959 Bs‡iwRi 97bs †gvZ©dv (‡gvKÏ©gv)]

10| QvovQvwoi mgq ¯vgx mnev‡m †Kvb mšÍvb _vK‡j, cyÎ n‡j ev‡ci †ndvR‡Z Avi Kb¨v n‡j gv‡qi †ndvR‡Z †`qv nq| Z‡e Df‡qi m¤§wZ‡Z Gi wfbœ eë ’vI n‡Z cv‡i|

11| QvovQvwoi mgq ¯vgx ¿x mnev‡m `y» †cvl¨ wKsev KwP eq‡mi cyÎ mšÍvb _vK‡j Zv‡K wbw ©ó mgq Kv‡ji Rb¨ gv‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ †Ìqv nq| ZvjvK cÖvß ¿x wkï cvj‡bi LiP eve` Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g wbw ©ó gvwmK fvZv †c‡q _v‡K|

12| AšÍtmZ¡ve ’vq QvovQvwo n‡j ¿x ¯vgxi KvQ †_‡K cÖm‡ei hveZxq LiPmn Av`vjZ †mB nv‡i Ges †mB mgqKvj ch©šÍ gvwmK fvZv †c‡q _v‡K|

13| weevn we‡”Q‡ì wew”Qbœ `¤úwZ B‡”Q Ki‡j Avevi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ weevn n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_vbymv‡i Pzgyjvs K‡i mvgvwRK †fvR w`‡Z nq|

A‰ea weevn NwUZ RvZxq wePvi I `Ðwewa t 1| weev‡ni ci m¤úK© wePv‡i AmvO¨v ev Miev Kziæg A_©vr A‰ea cÖgvwYZ

n‡j mswkøó `¤úwZ‡K QvovQvwo K‡i †`qv nq Ges GK‡Î emevm Kivi Rb¨ `yRb‡K ÒwmbvjvÓ Aciv‡a ¸iæ`Ð †`qv n‡q _v‡K|

2| Dc‡iv³ weev‡ni D‡`¨v³, mvnvh¨Kvix Ges gš¿cvV`vbKvix e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡j GgbwK Acivaxi wcZv‡KI †`vlx mve¨ ’ K‡i A_© Ð Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

3| RvZxq wePvi wmbvjx Aciv‡a cyiæl Avi gwnjv `yB Rb‡KB A_© Ð QvovI mvgvwRK Lvbvi R‡b¨ ïKi †`qvi weavb Av‡Q| Z‡e gwnjv Acivaxi cÖwZ jNy `Ð n‡q _v‡K|

4| RvZxq wePv‡i †nWg¨vb Acivax‡K 25 UvKv Avi ivRv evnv`yi 50 UvKv (1959 Bs Av‡M) A_© Ð Av‡`k w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 68

5| wmbvjv gvgjvq †`vlx mve¨ Í n‡j A_© `Ð, ïKi Rwigvbv QvovI Acivax‡K cyiv‡bv †Quov ¿x‡jv‡Ki wcbyBb, †Quov RyZvi gvjv, gyiMxi LuvPv Mjvq †eu‡a w`‡q cvVv wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i gy‡L KuvVvj Mv‡Qi cvZv w`‡q, gv_vi Pzj wZb fvM K‡i †K‡U Ges euv‡ki Xu¨vov wcUv‡Z wcUv‡Z wb‡Ri Aciva D”P K‡É D”PviY Ki‡Z Ki‡Z mviv MÖvg cÖ wÿY Ki‡Z nq| Gici K¨vs N‡i wM‡q fv‡šÍi wbKU gš¿ ï‡b cwiï× n‡Z nq Ges Acivax hyMj‡K eUe„‡ÿi †Mvovq GKkZ evi c~Y© Kjmxi Rj †X‡j †`qvi wb‡`©k i‡q‡Q|

6| AmvO¨v ev Miev Kziæg Gi m‡½ wmbvjx Aciv‡a kvw Í cÖvß ¿x ev cyiæl Dc‡iv³ wb‡ ©k¸‡jv cÖwZcvjb bv Kiv ch©šÍ Zv‡K mgvR Pz Z e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv‡K wb‡q mvgvwRK wµqv Kjvc †_‡K m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c wbwl× †NvlYv †`qv nq| G‡K e‡j Rviev` I cviev` A_©vr RvZ †_‡K ev` Ges Lvbvwcbv †_‡K ev`| D³ Acivax Zvi Aciva †_‡K hZw`b cwiÎvY bv cvq ZZw`b ch©šÍ †KD Zvi mv‡_ GK‡Î Lvbvwcbv K‡i wKsev mvgvwRK Kv‡R Askx`vi nq ‡mI mgvR Pz¨Z e‡j MY¨ n‡e Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e kvw Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

7| RvZxq wePv‡i Av‡ivwcZ `Ð Av‡cv‡l Av`vq Kiv bv †M‡j wKsev Reve w`wni Rb¨ nvwRi Kiv Am¤¢e n‡j †Rjv cÖkvmK Av`vj‡Zi mwµq mvnv‡h¨ Iqv‡i›U w`‡q a‡i G‡b D³ mvgvwRK Av`vj‡Z nvwRi Kiv ev eva¨ Kivi wbqg i‡q‡Q|

[PvKgv ivRv Av`vjZ †_‡K msM„nxZ]

‡èvb ev MveyR¨v †èvb t ZÂ½¨v‡ì †èvb ev MveyR¨v †èvb bv‡g cÖPwjZ †gŠwLK cèx GKKv‡j

wQ‡jv| PvM&jv ev GjvKv wfwËK e‡qv‡R¨ô Ggb hyeKB GB c‡` AwawôZ n‡Z cvi‡Zv| Z‡e weev‡ni ci G c`vwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q Zvi ÿgZv AcmvwiZ nq| GjvKvi mKj hyeK-hyeZx‡ì Dci mvgvwRK AvBb I wbqg Kvbyb GKgvÎ †èv‡bi f~wgKv AMÖMY¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K| Zvi AvqËvaxb GjvKvi g‡a¨ Ab¨ GjvKvi †Kvb hyeK AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K Kv‡ivi evwo‡Z ivwÎ hvcb K‡i wKsev ‡Kvb hyeZxi mwnZ Aev‡a †gjv‡gkv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K DwPr Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq| †èv‡bi AÁv‡Z wbR GjvKvi †Kvb hyeZx wfbœ GjvKvq Mgb, ivwÎ hvcb Ggb wK †gjv †gRev‡b †¯”Qvq Mgb Ki‡j GB Agvb¨Zvi Kvi‡Y †m hyeZx‡K mZK©xKiY Kiv nq| †Kvb hyeZx Ab¨ hye‡Ki mv‡_ †Mvcb cÖYq Kivi m‡›`n, A‰ea Kv‡R aiv cov, weevn cÖ Íve, gv evevi AÁv‡Z Ab¨ cyiæ‡li mv‡_ cvwj‡q weevn wKsev AmvO¨v ev Miev KzUz‡gi mv‡_ †hŠb m¤úK©xZ wel‡q m‡›`n Kiv ev cÖgvwYZ nIqv Ime e¨vcv‡i MÖvg mvwj‡ki gva¨‡g wb®úwË Ki‡Z A‡bK mgq ‡èvb‡KI Awfhy³ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †Kbbv hyeZx bvix‡ì Dci †èv‡bi `vex I m¤úK© _v‡K|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 69

ZÂ½¨v fvlvq cÖev` I cÖePb cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi Kg †ekx wbR¯ fvlvq cÖev` I cÖePb i‡q‡Q| Bnv K_vi kÖxe„w×, fvlvi GKwU A½ wnmv‡e mvwnZ¨‡KI mg„× K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖev` cÖeP‡b hyw³c~Y© fvev_© I Zvi w`K „óvšÍ Mfxi| ev‡Kï GKK_vi avivq Avb›` ev imvZ¥‡eva e¨vL¨v cÖ vb K‡i|

evsjvq cÖev` cÖePb †hgb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb ZÂ½¨v‡ìI i‡q‡Q ÒevKavivÓ bv‡g „óvšÍ cÖePb| evKaviv GB kãwU g~jZt evsjv †_‡K †bqv|

evKaviv‡K ÔKovi KovÕ A_©vr K_vi K_v GgbI e‡j _v‡K| ZÂ½¨v‡ì GB evKaviv cÖPzi wQ‡jv GK_v A¯xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv| msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e A‡bK wejyß n‡”Q| evsjv Abyev`mn evKaviv D×…wZ Kiv †M‡jv t-

ZÂ½¨v evsjv 1| AeyS‡i ey‡SB‡e LiK&

eyBZ& b gv‡b wXwO‡i jv‡U¨B‡e LiK& wbZ¨ avb fv‡b\

t AeyS‡K eySv‡e KZ eyS bvwn gv‡b ‡XuwK‡K jvw_ †`‡e KZ wbZ¨ avb fv‡b\

2| Av‡M †M‡j ev‡N Lvq wc‡Q †M‡j mbv cvq\

t Av‡M †M‡j ev‡N Lvq wc‡Q †M‡j †mvbv cvq\

3| Av¸Bb& †dvB‡j aygv mh¨ MAv cG\

t Av¸b †cvnv‡j ‡auvqv mn¨ Ki‡Z nq\

4| Av¸Bbi& Kvq wN t Av¸‡bi Kv‡Q wN\

5| AvR‡j †c‡j eve‡i we‡qB Wv‡M\

t Av‡j Wv‡j †c‡j evc‡K †eqvB Wv‡K\

6| Av×vbËzb& †e‡Mvbi& †PZ& t ‡e¸‡bi A‡a©K †_‡K Avi GKwU †e¸b\

7| Aviv ïMvq †M‡jA Svj& b K‡g\

t Av`v ïwK‡q †M‡jI Svj K‡g bv|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 70

8| Avj&wmqv gvb&m¨Ëzb& iæMi Kov †eM wbwPiv gvb&m¨Ëzb& Nyg hvbv †eM\

t Ajm gvby‡li †iv‡Mi K_v †ekx wPšÍvnxb gvby‡li Nyg hvIqv †ekx|

9| Avgbi& Av›`vBR& cvM‡jI ey‡m\

t wb‡Ri Av›`vR cvM‡jI ey‡S\

10| Avgbi& eyw× mbv cii& eyw× ivs Avovj¨v cvovj¨v eyw× MvBQi& D‡e _vs\

t wb‡Ri eyw× ‡mvbv c‡ii eyw× ivs cvov cokxi eyw× Mv‡Qi Dc‡i _vKv\

11| AvevBZ& ïwb PvevBZ& PvevBZ& t AvIqvR ï‡b mvevk mvevk\

12| n&AvBmy¨qv hv‡i b ev‡m ‡jP¨vb hv‡i ev‡m\

t nvwZ †h‡Z Mv jv‡M bv ‡jR †h‡Z jv‡M\

13| n&AvBZ w` n&AvBZ ev‡b\ t nvwZ w`‡q nvwZ euv‡a\

14| n&AvBP eiv KzAv Dg ci Kov‰j bvis _yg\

t nuv‡mi wWg gyiMxi Zv c‡ii K_vq w`kvnviv\

15| n&AvB‡m n&AvB‡m `jv`wj bj LvMov ¸wi\

t nvwZ‡Z nvwZ‡Z `jv`wj Kuvk Svo P~Y© weP~Y© nq|

16| n&AvBZ& G‡j MvBZ& ZMvZwM\ t nvwZ Avm‡j MvQ †LuvRvLyuwR\

17| n&AvBZ& gAv Kzjv XvwM iv‡MB b †c\

t nvwZgiv Kzjv w`‡q †X‡K ivL‡Z cv‡i bv\

18| n&Av‡M‡i gvb&mï& jvBZ& †b ‡`‡M‡i gvb&mï& jvBZ&\

t ‡h cvqLvbv K‡i Zvi j¾v bvwK ‡h †`‡L ZviB j¾v\

19| n&Av‡Ë wP‡b Îx gv‡Ë wP‡b cyiæBZ\

t nuvU‡Z †Pbv hvq ¿x RvwZ K_vq †Pbv hvq cyiæl RvwZ\

20| D¸b gvov Avjm¨vËzb ivR¨ Màvbx dv‡ËvqvËzb&\

t DKzb gv_v Aj‡mi Avi iv‡Rï Mí †`q †h e¨w³ Amg‡q AKvi‡Y mvivÿY c‡ii evox‡Z †eovq|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 71

21| DwPr Kov‰j eÜz †ePvi\ t DwPr K_vq eÜz †eRvi\

22| DPvb¨v †Qc †d‡jB‡j wbRi gvovZ& cG\

t Dci w`‡K _y_y †dj‡j wb‡Ri gv_v c‡o|

23| Dbv fv‡i ybv ej ‡eM& †L‡j imvËj\

t Kg fv‡Z wØ¸b ej ‡ekx †L‡j imvËj\

24| D‡e D‡e e evq KjM gvwi‡q gvBZ& b cvq\

t Dc‡i Dc‡i evZvm eq

wbPz ’‡ji gvwU †Ui cvq bv| 25| DPz AvOz‡j wN b D‡i\ t ‡mvRv Av½y‡j wN D‡V bv|

26| GAv wLqv evNi& WG wPZ& wLqv evN jvM& cvbv\

t gvsm †fvRx ev‡Ni f‡q KwjRv †fvRx ev‡Ni Ke‡j cov|

27| GK cvMj&‰j cAvb& hvi mvZ& cvMji& †gjv\

t GK cvM‡j cÖvY hvq mvZ cvM‡ji †gjv\

28| GK gv‡N hv-Kvj b hvq\ t GK gv‡N kxZ hvq bv\

29| GK Kz‡e nvRvi wUK¨v b †kl t GK †Kv‡c nvRvi UvKvi ‡bŠKv †kl\

30| GK gy‡M Svwi fvZ wØ gy‡M jvwi fvZ wZb gy‡M KevjZ& n&AvZ\

t GK ¿x‡Z mnmvr fvZ `yB ¿x‡Z wej‡¤^ fvZ wZb ¿x‡Z Kcv‡j nvZ\

31| GKw`b¨v D‡j Mi&ev wØ w`b¨v D‡j Nyi&ev wZb w`b¨v D‡j Rvi&ev\

t GKw`‡bi n‡j AwZw_ `yB w`‡bi n‡j N‡ivqv wZb w`‡bi n‡j RviR\

32| Kev †k eMv\ t Kv‡Ki gv‡S eK\

33| Kvbv‡i Avbv †`Mvbv\ t AÜ‡K Avqbv †`Lv‡bv\

34| Kv‡b‡i cAvq ya †LB cvB\ t Kuv`‡j wkï ya †L‡Z cvq\

35| KvwiMR¨vi fvOv N ‰e`¨ NZ& wbZ¨ R\

t KvwiM‡ii fvOv Ni ‰e`¨ N‡i wbZ¨ R¡i\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 72

36| Kvgi& WG Vv¸ n&Abv\ t Kv‡Ri f‡q VvKzi (fv‡šÍ) nIqv|

37| ‡Kmy¨qv Kz‡Ë mvc wb‡M\ t ‡Ku‡Pv Lyuo‡Z mvc †ei nIqv|

38| Kz¸ †ciZ& wN b mq\ t KzKz‡ii †c‡U wN mn¨ nq bv|

39| Kz¸ b‡bBqv gyAZ j¨vb& gyK& b‡bBqv jvOi& cAvb\

t KzKzi Abybq webq n‡j gy‡L †jnb K‡i _v‡K| ¿x ¯vgxi Abybq webqx n‡q kÖ×v †`Lvq †cÖwg‡Ki mv‡_ ‡Mvcb cÖYq Kivi Rb¨\

40| ‡KvB Rvwb‡j Kov ‡KvB b Rvwb‡j Avov\

t KB‡Z Rvb‡j K_v KB‡Z bv Rvb‡j AvVv\

41| Kz°zivB‡q SvA KzPz cyb&Kvwe wZbevi jv‡MB‡j wm KzPz RviZ& D‡i\

t PzjKvq Ggb Rsjx KPz wb‡Pi †kl Ask †K‡U wZbevi jvMv‡bvi ci cieZx©‡Z RvZ KPz wnmv‡e MY¨ nq|

42| wKweb¨vi ab d°‡i Lvq\ t K…c‡bi ab duvwKevRiv Lvq\

4

3|

Li R¡vjvq †`k Qvjy¨s ‡Z‡ivB MvBQ ZjvZ& N\

t U‡Ki R¡vjvq ‡`k Qvojvg, ‡ZuZzj Mv‡Qi Zjvq Ni\

44| Lv‡j e KzAv ivb `vB‡j¨ e wej avb\

t ‡L‡j eo †gvi‡Mi ivb KvU‡j eo we‡ji avb\

45| ‡Levi& ‡èvi& b †_‡j WvBb& cv DAb& wcbb& b †_‡j Pz cv\

t Lvevi `vevi bv _vK‡j WvB‡bi gZ Mv‡q †`qvi civi bv _vK‡j ‡Pv‡ii gZ\

46| Mg& kvM AvMv cy‡M Lvq\ t cyó kv‡Ki AvMv †cvKvq Lvq\

47| M‡e m‡e giZ& wk‡O Kv‡b ej`\

t M‡í m‡í gi` wk‡O Kv‡b ej`\

48| MvBZ& wP‡b evM‡j gvbyl wP‡b Av°‡j\

t MvQ †Pbv hvq evK‡j gvbyl †Pbv hvq Av‡°‡j\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 73

49| MvOi& cviZ Ni wbZ¨ Zvi Wi Wi\

t Mv‡Oi cv‡o Ni wbZ¨ Zvi Wi Wi\

50| Mv‡i Mv‡i Mjv nAv‡Æ nAv‡Æ bjv\

t MvB‡Z MvB‡Z Mjv nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z bjv\

51| MvBQ D‡e ¸B LyAv fvZ †LB ‡hBZ& ZzB\

t Mv‡Qi Dc‡i †Mvmvc Ly‡ov fvZ †L‡q †hI Zzwg\

52| wMiËi& †mivg eywm PzG wZb eK&mv ev‡b\

t M„n‡ ’i mg_© ey‡S ‡Pv‡iiv wZb †euvPKv euv‡a\

53| ¸Bqï Kevj myiæOZ&, ev›` Kevj& ZvOZ&, ‡gjv Kevj I‡jvb&kvjZ&\

t ‡Mvmv‡ci Kcvj myo‡½, evb‡ii Kcvj DuPz †`qv‡ji cvnv‡o Ges gwnjvi Kcvj cvKkv‡j\

54| N D‡›` †ePvMv Kvgvq\ t N‡ii Bu`yi N‡ii †eov Kvgovq\

55| N Kov †hevBËz&b& Kq ‡Z n&Aq ci wVK w`weqv †h hvq Nyg ZvËzb E‡q R¡i\

t N‡ii K_v †h evB‡i Kq ‡m nq ci wVK w`b ycy‡i †h hvq Nyg Zvi wbðq n‡q‡Q R¡i\

56| N fov cAv-QAv ‡eAv°j¨v †bK&-gyMZ&, kwb`kv ivû `kv PzP¨vs evðzqv Zv eyMZ\

t Nifiv †Q‡q-‡g‡q ‡eAv‡°j ¯vgx- ¿xi, kwb`kv ivû`kv Zxÿè aviv‡jv euvkwU Zvi ey‡K\

57| NvÆvj¨v N NvU KzjZ&\ t NvU gvwSi Ni NvU Kz‡j\ 58| wPZ& Mg D‡j

jvOi cAv ev‡Q\ t wPË cweÎ n‡j

†cÖwg‡Ki Ji‡m AevwÃZ mšÍvb R‡b¥\

59| wbRi& PzK Kvbv JK, ‡`BZ& Kvbv b JK\

t wb‡Ri †PvL Kvbv †nvK Zey †`k Kvbv bv †nvK\

60| Pz ayB b †c‡j ‡Z¤§vs emvbv\

t ‡Pvi ai‡Z bv †c‡j civg‡k© emv\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 74

61| Pzb& †LB wRj& Nv D‡j ‰`‡cjv †M‡j WAvq\

t Pzbv †L‡q wRnŸv Nv M‡j ‰` Gi nuvwo †`L‡j fq cvq\

62| QvMj wP¸Y wePv WvO gvbyBZ& wP¸b Kov WvO\

t QvMj wPKb AÐ‡Kvl eo gvbyl †QvU K_v eo\

63| QvMj gy‡Ë ayB b †c‡j ayB b cvq\

t QvMj cÖ ªve Kivi mgq ai‡Z bv †c‡j Avi aiv hvq bv|

64| Rv‡i RvZ ZMvq KvOvq MvZ ZMvq\

t RvwZ ¯RvwZ †Luv‡R KuvKov MZ© †Luv‡R\

65| Rv‡gB GK nvivg we‡jB GK nvivg\

t RvgvB GK nvivg weovj GK nvivg\

66| Sv‡°vqv Kvwe`v‡O b Kvbv nAq\

t `jxq Kvwej KvwiM‡i ˆZix ‡bŠKv Zjv wQ ª nq\

67| Sv‡°vqv Amvq e¨vbx gG\

t `jxq avÎxi Øviv cÖm~wZi g„Zz¨ nq\

68| wS‡q gvB, †eŠ‡q wkMvbv\ t wS‡K †g‡i eD‡K wkÿv †Ìqv\

69| Szj& _vM‡i Nvi mgq _v‡° nAvi\

t ‡Svj _vK‡Z NvuU mgq _vK‡Z nuvU\

70| ‡UOv w`‡j evNi PzL cvq\ t UvKv w`‡j ev‡Ni †PvL cvq\

71| Vv¸ev AvB‡m¨ Kjvðqvev cvB‡K¨\

t VvKzi (fv‡šÍ) G‡m‡Qb KjvQovUvI †c‡K‡Q\

72| `ki gyG Rq `ki gyG ÿq\

t `‡ki gy‡L Rq `‡ki gy‡L ÿq\

73| `vP¨v fvZ b †L‡j wZb c DevBZ _vq\

t Aby‡iv‡ai fvZ bv †L‡j wZb cÖni D‡cvm _vK‡Z nq\

74| ‡`wM‡j wk‡M Av VzwM‡j wk‡M\

t ‡`L‡j wk‡L Avi VK‡j wk‡L\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 75

75| `~A-Mv Kzo–g dzj evBZ& KvBMv Kzo–g NyA evBZ\

t `~‡ii KzUzg dz‡ji myevm Kv‡Qi KzUzg g‡ji MÜ\

76| `y‡M Kvg›`x †UOv‰j Kvbv ¸iæ wKbvbv\

t K‡ó DcvwR©Z UvKv w`‡q Kvbv Miæ µq Kiv\

77| `yev gyMvB evN avevbv\ t ‡SuvcSvo wcwU‡q evN ‡ uŠov‡bv|

78| w`b gRyixi b‡bqv cyZ ‡Z †Levi& Pvq evNi& `ya\

t w`bgRyixi bbvBqv cyZ& ‡m †L‡Z Pvq ev‡Ni ya\

79| WvB‡b RvMv cvq PzG RvMv b cvq\

t WvB‡biv (ivÿm) AvkÖq cvq ‡Pv‡iiv AvkÖq cvq bv\

80| avwg©K wPb `v‡b exi cwiPq i‡Y\

t avwg©‡Ki cwiPq `v‡b ex‡ii cwiPq i‡Y\

81| aye& KveZ& Kvwji `vM\ t mv`v Kvc‡o Kvwji `vM\

82| wbRi gvb wb‡R ivM Kvev Kvb Pzj&w` XvM\

t wb‡Ri gvb wb‡R ivL, KvUv Kvb Pzj w`‡q †X‡K ivL\

83| wbRi †VOZ& †Lvj gv-bv\ t wb‡Ri c‡q Kzovj gviv|

84| big †c‡j nAv-A Lvb Wi †c‡j KvBq¨ b hvb\

t big †c‡j nvoI Lvq KwVb †c‡j Kv‡QI hvq bv\

85| cMiv bv‡M wZj° dziv\ t Luv`v bv‡g wZjK †duvUv\

86| cvwP gvbmï ke_ MmvB‡bA gvc †`\

t cuvRx gvby‡li kc_ ey×I gvd K‡i †`q\

87| ‡cPvev Kzj Kzjvq mbv UzK¨vev †Lvj¨vq cvq\

t ‡cPv Kj-Kjvbx K‡i ‡mvbvi UzwcUv KvV ‡VvKiv cvq\

88| cwÐ‡Z wk‡M †`wMbvq gy‡L© wk‡M VzwMbvq\

t cwÐ‡Ziv wk‡L †`‡L g~L© wk‡L V‡K\

89| c_ fvjv †eOv hv fvZ fvjv evbv Lv\

t c_ fv‡jv euvKv hvI fvZ fvj Ggwb LvI\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 76

90| ei& MvOI Pvbv Kve †PveI aAvbv\

t eo MvOUvI PvIqv Kvco †PvcoI †avqv\

91| eb ev‡N b Lv‡i gb ev‡N Lvq\

t e‡bi ev‡N bv †L‡Z g‡bi ev‡N Lvq\

92| ebi& Av¸Bb e¨v‡M †`‡M gbi& Av¸b †K¨ b †`‡M\

t e‡bi Av¸b mev& ‡`‡L g‡bi Av¸b †KD †`‡L bv\

93| evOvj kvÐv jv¤v Pzj Ry‡¤§vqv kvÐv Kvbi dzj\

t ev½vjx e`gvk j¤v Pzj Rywgqv e`gvk Kv‡b dzj\

94| evNi& Q †kqvj b nAq\ t ev‡Ni ev”Pv wkqvj nq bv\

95| evPv›`x ¸B‡j¨ ‡jvAv wM‡j\

t cÖksmv Ki‡j †jvnv wM‡j\

96| evN¨vËzb wkqvj¨v wZbw`b †RU&\

t ev‡Ni †P‡q wkqvj wZbw`b †R¨ô\

97| ‡eM cwÐ‡Z co KzG nAv‡N\

t AwZwi³ cwÐ‡Z iv Ívi cv‡k gj Z¨vM K‡i\

98| ev›` wKev ¸B‡j¨ gvovZ& Dwi emb&\

t evbi‡K K…cv Ki‡j gv_vi Dci P‡o e‡m\

99| evb¨vq UzKUvK KvgvR¨vi GK evq\

t evb¨vi nvRvi wcUv Kvgv‡ii GK wcUv\

100| ev‡i bq cy‡i PzgvZ& ‡fvB gy‡i\

t ev‡c cv‡iwb, cyÎ ‡Pv½vq f‡i gy‡U\

101| wec`Z& cy‡j ivPvq evc Wv‡M\

t wec‡` co‡j ivRvI evc Wv‡K\

102| eyAv Kov KzAv Ny Mvey Kov KveyM Ry\

t e„‡×i K_v gyiMxi gj hye‡Ki K_v duv‡ì Qj\

103| eyAv ev›`‡i MvBZ& evq&\ t eyov evbiI MvQ evq\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 77

104| ‡evBq¨v †evBq¨v LvbvËzb Vv¸ n&Abv Mg\

t e‡m e‡m LvIqvi †P‡q Vv¸ (fv‡šÍ) nIqv fvj\

105| e¨vK wZiv †LB †c gvbmï& wZiv †LB b †c\

t me wZ³ LvIqv hvq gvby‡li wZ³ LvIqv hvq bv\

106| ‰e`¨ †eM D‡j ‡c‡ij¨v gG\

t ‰e`¨ †ekx n‡j ‡ivMx g‡i\

107| ‰eiv _vbvËzb ‡eMvi †`bv Mg\

t e‡m _vKvi †P‡q c‡ii Kv‡Q †eMvi †`qv fvj\

108| ‡eKz‡e cv”P¨vq fvM¨ êiv †Levi Avkvq Pvjv‡M cv”P¨vq Kg©dj †PËv ¸‡Y ab evovq\

t ‡eKz‡ei wek¦vm fvM¨ e‡m Lvevi Avkvq PZz‡ii wek¦vm Kg©dj †Póvi ¸‡Y ab evovq\

109| fvOv †Vs MviZ& cG\ t fv½v cv M‡Z© c‡o\

110| fv‡OB Kz‡j iY MG gbZ _y‡j ¸Y MG\

t Ly‡j ej‡j MY euv‡a g‡b ivL‡j ¸Y K‡i|

111| fvM¨ evov †LB b †c ivR¨ evov †hB b †c\

t fv‡Mï AwaK †fvM Kiv hvq bv iv‡Rï evB‡i hvIqv hvq bv\

112| fvZ Lvq‡c Pb e‡j Ko ˆK †c ab e‡j\

t fvZ LvIqv hvq ZiKvixi e‡j K_v ejv hvq a‡bi e‡j\

113| fv` bvB hvi RvZ bvB Zvi\

t hvi bvB fvZ Zvi bvB RvZ\

114| fvjøy‡M Pvq bvOvb ev‡N Pvq Lvbvb\

t fvjøyK Pvq bvgwU evN Pvq LvIqvwU\

115| fzBqï ¸‡Y †ivqv gvi ¸‡Y †cvqv\

t Rwg‡bi ¸‡Y †ivcb gv‡qi ¸‡Y mšÍvb|

116| fz‡Ëvqv Kz¸Ëzb Q †eM gAv gAv gvbm¨Ëzb Lvbv †eM\

t gwbe Qvov KzKz‡ii ev”Pv †ekx, kxY© gvby‡li LvIqvi †jvf †ekx|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 78

117| giËzbi Pev wVK bvB ‡gjvËzb N wVK bvB\

t cyiæl‡ì k¥kvb wVK bvB gwnjv‡ì ¯vgxi Ni wVK bvB\

118| gv gy‡j evc Zv‡jB\ t gv g‡i ‡M‡j evc Zv‰jB nq\

119| gvbyBZ bU¨ E‡j Pb& bU¨ Sz‡j\

t gvbyl bó Ae‡njvq ZiKvix bó †Sv‡j\

120| gvMvbv †c‡j eve‡b g` Lvq\ t gvMbv †c‡j eªvþ‡Yiv g` Lvq\

121| gvwb‡j Zzjmx b gvwb‡j mvevs\

t gvb‡j Zzjmx bv gvb‡j mvevs (Zzjmx)\

122| ‡gjv ivÿBZ& ‡cjv WvO, giZ& ivÿBZ& Ryg WvO\

t gwnjv ivÿmx nuvwo eo, cyiæl ivÿm Ryg eo\

123| gyAi ¸‡Y †eO& gG\ t gy‡Li Øviv e¨vO g‡i\

124| gy‡°vAv Mg b D‡j ‡bMi& yL& ‡b‡°vAv Mg b D‡j gyMi& yL&, gy‡°vAv Mg, †b‡°vAv Mg wm wRsKvbxZ& Rbg& myL\

t ¿x mr bv n‡j ¯vgxi `ytL ¯vgx mr bv n‡j ¿xi `ytL, ¿x mr, ¯vgx mr

‡m `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b wPi myL\

125| ¤§ ¸iæi jvox WvO\ t w ’i Zb¥q Miæi jvw_ eo\

126| hvËzb Av‡N †UOv Zvi Kov †eOv hvËzb Av‡N avb Zv Kov Uvb\

t hvi Av‡Q UvKv Zvi K_v euvKv, hvi Av‡Q avb Zvi K_v Uvb\

127| hvi Rxebvb& Rbg `yL myL Zvi ìKvi bvB\

t hvi Rxeb Rbg `ytL myL Zvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB\

128| hvi Kv‡g hv‡i mv‡R Avi Kv‡g jvwi gv‡i\

t hvi Kv‡R hv‡i mv‡R Ab¨ Kv‡R jvw_ gv‡i\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 79

129| hv RM‡i Pz MG ‡ZA Kq Pz\

t hvi jvwM Pzwi K‡i ‡mI e‡j †Pvi\

130| hvi ev‡c b wP‡b Ny cyPv Zvi cAv †`kZ eo Amv\

t hvi evc wP‡bbv g‡ji ‘c Zvi †Q‡j †`‡ki eo ISv\

131| wh ¸iæ ya †` wm ¸iæ jvwo gv‡j¨q Mg\

t ‡h Miæ ya ‡`q ‡mB Miæ jvw_ gvi‡jI DËg\

132| wh dzj wb‡›` wm dzj wc‡›`\

t ‡hB dzj wb‡›` ‡mB dzj wc‡›`\

133| wh Kz¸ †jBZ& †eOv PzgvZ& ‡fvB‡jA DPz b nAq&\

t ‡h KzKz‡ii †jR euvKv ‡Pv½vq XyKv‡jI †mvRv nq bv\

134| wh w`bZ& wh Kvj& EB‡O Pzwg w` †MjvK& evNi& Mvj\

t ‡h w`‡bi †h Kvj nwi‡Yiv Pz‡gv w`‡q †M‡jv ev‡Ni Mvj\

135| wh gvwiZ AvQv Lvq wm gvwiZ fi w` D‡i\

t ‡h gvwU‡Z AvQvo Lvq ‡m gvwU‡Z fi w`‡q D‡V\

136| wh KzAv eiv cvq wm KzAvi cy‡b Rv‡b\

t ‡h gyiMx wWg cv‡o ‡m gyiMxi cy‡›` Rv‡b\

137| wh _vjvZ& fvZ Lvq wm _vjvZ& nAv‡N\

t ‡h _v‡j fvZ Lvq

‡mB _v‡j cvqLvbv K‡i\

138| ‡h cv ªv Zvi KvbPev Pz‡j ZvB Wi jvMvq\

t ‡h fxiæ Zvi †Pvqv‡ji Pzj Zv‡K Wi jvMvq\

139| ‡h b †`‡M Rxebr mvOvjK& ZvËzb ïwbev evNi Mc\

t hvi Rxe‡b †`‡Lwb wMiwMwU Zvi gy‡L †kvbv hv‡e ev‡Ni Mí\

140| ivPv MG ivBZ& bxwZ msmvi ag© Ni wMwiËx\

t ivRv K‡i ivRbxwZ msmvi ag© Ni M„n ’x\

141| jvBZ& b †_‡j ‡Z mvZ fvM cvq&|

t jvR bv _vK‡j ‡m mvZ fvM cvq\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 80

142| jvOi `qv G‡°vqv w`b ‡bMi `qv wPiw`b\

t ‡cÖwg‡Ki `qv GKwU w`b ¯vgxi `qv wPiw`b\

143| jvBZ& bvB hvi `ywbqv msmvi Zvi\

t j¾v bvB hvi `ywbqv msmvi Zvi\

144| jvwo PAv‡i bvB jvBZ& Zv bvs KweivR\

t jvw_ P‡o bvwn jvR Zvi bvg KweivR\

145| ‡jv kyM PvjZ& D‡o\ t ‡Nivq e›`x ïKi Pv‡ji Dci D‡V\

146| ‡kivg bvB hvi wZb gyK Zvi\

t mvg_© bvB hvi wZb ¿x Zvi\

147| k~b¨v Kov‰j `yb¨v †eqvbv\

t ‡kvbv K_vq `ywbqv †eov‡bv\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 81


GB wVKvbvq|

evbv (avuav)

evbv ev evbv-evwb n‡jv `yiƒc mgm¨v ev †KŠZznj RbK e¨vcvi Avi gRvi e¨vcviI| †hgb wQ‡jv cmb& (iƒcK_v), evigvm I cyuw_ †Zgwb GKKv‡j gRv Ki‡Zv evbv-evwb w`‡q| Mí `v`yi, `v`xi wKsev mv_x msMx‡ì wbKU evbv msMÖn K‡i †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv RUjv ‡eu‡a GB Ávb wRÁvmv ev cÖ‡kœvËi ïiæ Ki‡Zv| AvRKvj MÖvgvÂ‡j evbvi cÖPjb †bB ej‡jB P‡j| nvwi‡q hv‡”Q ZÂ½¨v‡ì GB ms¯‹…wZi Ask msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e| Afve Zvobv I Awkÿv Rxe‡b G RvwZi hv wKQz wQ‡jv Zvi wKQz D×…wZ Kiv ‡M‡jv t-

1| weji eMv wejZ& PG wej ï‡MB‡j eMv gG\ = †PqvM evwË, †Zj t we‡ji eK we‡j P‡o wej ïKv‡j eK g‡i\ = †PivMevwË, ˆZj|

2| MvBQ D‡e cvwb KAv\ = bvBKzj\ t Mv‡Qi Dci cvwbi Kzqv\ = bvwi‡Kj|

3| Pvj Av‡N Zjv bvB cmv Zzevi RvMv bvB| = Qvwo|

t Pvj Av‡Q Zjv †bB gvj ivLvi RvqMv †bB| = QvZv|

4| GK we¸Bm¨v gvbmï wØ we¸Bm¨v `vB Zv M¨v Kv‡gB Kv‡gB cAv eyqv Lvq\ = gyK¨v|

t GK weMZ gvby‡li `yB weMZ `vwo Zvi kixi Kvgo w`‡q ‡Q‡j ey‡ov Lvq\ = fzÆv|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 82

5| wP¸Y j‡ÿ Kviv WvO D‡j cviv\ = kb t †QvU _vK‡Z KuvUv eo n‡j cvZv\ = kb

6| gv fvwm fvwm Mv‡i cAvev nAv‡bœvqvj MG\ = b, cv‡OB t gv †f‡m †f‡m œvbK‡i ‡Q‡j cvwb †Nvjv K‡i\ = †bŠKv, êVv| 7| Kvjv k~b¨ gOZ& _vjv fv‡m\ = Pvb, †ej t Kv‡jv k~b¨ Kz‡qv‡Z _vjv fv‡m\ = Puv`, m~h© 8| N Av‡N Àvi bvB gvbyBZ Av‡N i bvB\ = IB gyAv t Ni Av‡Q `yqvi †bB gvbyl Av‡Q kã †bB\ = DB wfUv| 9| wkqv bvB M¨v‡b gvbyBZ& wM‡j\ = mvjyg| t wki †bB kix‡i gvbyl wM‡j\ = kvU©

10| nAv‡mB‡j ZMvb ‡c‡j NZ& b wbPvb\ = RvOvj t nviv‡j Ly‡uR ‡c‡j N‡i †bq bv| = c_|

11| †K‡PBs †dvG D¸j& gvBZ& Nb Nb cv nAq\ = _B Pzgv t wMwic_ †cwi‡q UvwK gvQ Nb Nb cvo nq| = Kvco ˆZixi myZv bvjx

12| B KAv cvwb, D KAvZ hvq gyB‡Z¨Mv cvwb ï‡MB hvq\ = g` PAvbv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 83

t GB Kzqvi cvwb H Kzqvq hvq gaëZ©x cvwb ïwK‡q hvq| = g` Pzqvbx

13| fzK& ¸B cG, hyBZ& ¸B _vq& ‡d‡jB Gjs Mvq Mvq fv‡OB b cv‡j¨ e¨v°vb& Lvq fv‡OB cv‡j¨ A‡ÏK Lvq\ = Ny, nAvMvbv t `c K‡i c‡o, Pzc K‡i _v‡K ‡d‡j Av‡m GKv GKv DËi w`‡Z bv cvi‡j meUv Lvq DËi cvi‡j A‡a©K Lvq\ = gj Z¨vM

14| n&AvZ&A Av‡N †VsA Av‡N ¸Bqï&A Pvg& ‡ÿ‡b †ÿ‡b Wv‡M †Z Avebvi& bvO\ = K‡° t nvZI Av‡Q cvI Av‡Q ‡Mvmv‡ci Pvgov ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y Wv‡K †m wb‡R wb‡Ri bvg\ = U‡Æ/U‡° (ZÿK)

15| cnAi& †c‡j j‡M _vs AvÜvi †c‡j jy‡MB hvs\ = Qvev t Av‡jv †c‡j mv‡_ _vwK Avuavi †c‡j jywK‡q hvB\ = Qvqv

16| Zi& G°vb& wbRi& wRwbB Av‡N m¨vb& ZzB Kg eëAvi& MAr wKš‘ Ab¨ e¨v°z‡b eëAvi MAb& wRwbm¨vbi& bvOvb& wK? = wbRi bvO& t ‡Zvgvi GKUv wbR¯ wRwbl Av‡Q ‡mUv Zzwg eënvi Ki wKš‘ Ab¨ mevB eënvi K‡i| = wb‡Ri bvg

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 84

17| ‡Zjv b gb&, †Zwj b gb&, Zvi wØev cAv b gb&| bAvbZ& aG b gb&| Zv-‡b ByKzjËzb& DKzjZ& cv-‰M †`|

= cÌb wØevcAv bZ& Dwi DKzjZ& †MjvK&| wmËzb& GKR‡b bAvb& ˆj DKzjZ& Gj| BeviZ& BKzjËzb& †Zjv bAvb& ˆj DKzjZ& †Mj| wm KzjËzb& Av‡N‡i cAvev bAvb& BKzjZ& Avwbj| BeviZ& Av wØev cAv bZ& Dwi DKzjZ& ‡MjvK&| cAv wØRbËzb GKRb bAvb& ˆj BKzjZ& wd Gj| BeviZ& bAvb& ˆj †Zwj DKzjZ& †Mj| wmKzjZ& Av‡N‡i cAvev Av bAvb& ˆj BKzjZ& Gj, wm‡b wØR‡b DKzjZ& †hB e¨v°z‡b cv DjvK&|

t ‡Zjv bq gY, †Zwj bq gY, Zv‡ì yB †Q‡j bq gY| Avi †bŠKvq a‡i bq gY| Zv‡ì‡K GKzj †_‡K HKz‡j cvi K‡i `vI|

= cÖ_‡g †Q‡j yÕRb †bŠKvq D‡V HKy‡j †M‡jv| †m Kz‡j GKRb i‡q †M‡jv Ges Avi GKRb †bŠKv wb‡q GKz‡j G‡jv| Gevi †Zjv †bŠKv wb‡q HKz‡j †M‡jv| †mKz‡ji †Q‡j †bŠKv wb‡q GKz‡j G‡jv| Gevi Avevi `y‡Uv †Q‡j †bŠKv wb‡q I Kz‡j †M‡jv| Avevi GKRb †Q‡j ‡bŠKv wb‡q wd‡i G‡jv| Gevi †Zwj P‡j †M‡jv IKz‡j| †mKz‡ji †Q‡j †bŠKv wb‡q GKz‡j G‡jv| GKz‡ji †Q‡jmn yB †Q‡j IKz‡j wM‡q mevB cvi n‡jv|

18| B msmviZ& Abmyi& wØq¨vb& Zvgvkv AvB‡mi hvi| ivOv Qvix G‡j gvbyBZ& PAb&, Kvjv Qvix G‡j gvbyBZ& NygZ& cAb&| = w`b&-ivBZ&

t GB msmv‡i AbeiZ ywU Zvgvkv Avm‡Q hv‡”Q| ivOv QvZv G‡j gvbyl wePiY K‡i, Kv‡jv QvZv G‡j gvbyl Nywg‡q c‡o| = wèv-ivwÎ

19| nAvZ&A Av‡N, †VOA Av‡N gbylï w`K¨v M‡Y SoZ& wfwP, †iŠ`Z& ïMvq m¨vb& wK Kvi‡Y? = ev›` t nvZI Av‡Q, cvI Av‡Q gbyl¨ g‡Zv MY¨ S‡o wf‡R, †iv‡` ïKvq ‡mUv wK Kvi‡Y? = evbi

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 85

20| hvi Kvj¨v †`Nv bvB Zvwi G‡j LAvb& ‡jPr ayB Ny‡iB‡j RyAvq wPZ& cAvb&| = †e‡PvBb& t kxZKv‡j †`Lv bvB ZvwZqv Av‡m Liv ‡j‡R a‡i †Nviv‡j Ryovq wPË civb\ = cvLv (nvZcvLv)

21| cvBZ& fv‡q Zz‡j, PweŸBZ& fv‡q wN‡i GK fv‡q †V‡jB w`‡j, `h¨vi g‡a¨ c‡o\ = fvZ Lvbv

t cuvP fvB‡q Zz‡j, PweŸk fvB‡q wN‡i, GK fvB‡q ‡V‡j w`‡j mgy‡`ªi g‡a¨ c‡o| = fvZ LvIqv

22| GKRb KvwiMiËzb 23 k¨vb& n&AvË¨vi Av‡N| wmËzb evBk¨vb PzG Pz ¸B wb‡j Av †Kvq¨vb †_e?

= evBk bv‡O G°vb n&AvË¨vi ev hš¿ bvO| Kv‡RB 23 k¨vbËzb G°vb evBk b †_‡jA †_e 22 k¨vb|

t GKRb KvwiM‡ii 23wU nvwZqvi Av‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K †Pv‡i evBkwU Pzwi Ki‡j AviI KqwU _vK‡e?

= evBk bv‡g GKUv nvwZqvi ev h‡š¿i bvg| Kv‡RB 23wUi g‡a¨ GKwU evBk bv _vK‡j Avi _vK‡e 22wU|

23| N wf‡i N, Zv wf‡i gvbyBZ& ‡Pis bvB, cyB _vB, bvB Kzb EBZ\ = gyïix t N‡ii wfZi Ni, Zvi wfZi gvbyl ‡PZb bvB, ï‡q _v‡K, bvB ‡Kvb ûuk| = gkvix

24| `yB nAvZ& `BZ& AvOzj GK ¸B‡j e¨vK& Lywk DevK& wKPz eywP‡j? = bgBZ&Kvi t `yB nvZ `k AvOzj GK Ki‡j mevB Lywk n‡e wKQz eyS‡j? = bg¯‹vi|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 86

ev`¨hš¿ I ivM

euvkx, †LsLs, ayiæK, wkOv I Pzgv ev gvij& GB cuvPwU AwZ cÖvPxb I ZÂ½¨v‡ì wbR¯ ev`¨| eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K AvaywbK ai‡bi ev`¨hš¿ eënv‡ii d‡j Ime cÖvPxbZg ev`¨h‡š¿i gvb G‡Kev‡iB jyß n‡q hvqwb, MÖvgvÂ‡j GLbI Gi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| Gme ev`¨hš¿ Avgv‡ì †d‡j Avmv kZ kZ eQ‡ii NUbv cÖevn‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| AZx‡Zi myL `yt‡Li wPÎ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i|

euvkx t euvkx‡Z evsjv Mv‡bi my‡ii g‡a¨ †hgb wewfbœ iv‡Mi Mr i‡q‡Q †Zgwb Q‡›ì AvZ¥vbyf~wZ cÖKvk cvq ZÂ½¨v‡ì Rywgqv euvkx‡Z| wgwZ½v euv‡ki AvMvi Ask 18© © - 20© © j¤v Ges 8 †mw›UwgUvi †eo cwigvY bj w`‡q GB euvkx ˆZix Kiv hvq| b‡ji gyL †_‡K 5 © © BwÂi g‡a¨ 1 © © BwÂ cwigvY j¤vjw¤^ wQ`ª K‡i †fZ‡ii Ask web&wewb bv‡gi †gŠgvwQi Kvjv‡gvg w`‡q eÜ K‡i w`‡Z nq| wQ‡ ªi gvSvgvwS ’v‡b gy‡Li Dci ïKbv euv‡ki cvZv ev KvMR w`‡q A‡a©K eÜ Ki‡Z nq| QqwU wQ`ª wewkó GB euvkxi gy‡L dzu w`‡j †ewi‡q Av‡m my›ì kã|

mvivw`b K¬vwšÍi ci hLb mÜ¨v Nwb‡q Av‡m ZLb ZÂ½¨v hye‡Kiv wksKvevq (‡fZ‡ii eviv›`vq) †njvb w`‡q g‡bi fvlv cÖKvk K‡i euvkxi †gvnbxq my‡i| AvËzev euvk A_©vr KwP _vK‡Z †h euv‡ki AvMv †f‡½ wM‡q‡Q Ggb euv‡ki bj w`‡q ˆZix euvkx Øviv P›`ªniY gš¿ my‡i hyeZx igbx‡K ekxKiY Kiv hvq e‡j Kw_Z i‡q‡Q| cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j ZÂ½¨v‡ì Rywgqv euvkxi my‡ii aŸwb GL‡bv _v‡gwb| AZ¨vaywbK wKsev Acms¯‹…wZ‡K hviv Gwo‡q P‡j Zv‡ì evox‡Z †kvbv hvq GB euvkxi †`vjvwqZ myi aŸwb|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 87

ZÂ½¨v‡ì Ry‡¤§vqv euvkxi Avw` Mv_vi my‡ii Mr t ‡iv‡ ªv euvkx †iv‡`ªv †iv gi cAvb& gi we‡av ZzB Kziæ gyB Biy DGZ& Zziæ Zziæ DGZ& Zziæ Zziæ\ J”Q¨vs Zzjx †Kive& Zzjx fiv Zzjx Pv‡°vqv Zzjx Eqvs Zzjx e¨vOZ& `h¨v KzjZ& e¨vOZ&\ EBO QqvËzb& cvwb Lvjys bj fvwO †UK Lvjys jvO¨vex ZG ZMv‡i yL& cvjys cvwb gyAZ& Wzwejys I jvO¨v †fvBb& - ZG BeviZ& myL cvjys\ ‡iv‡ ªv euvkx †iv‡`ªv †iv ‡iv‡ ªv euvkx †iv‡`ªv †iv ZzB wPiæ gyB Biæ DGZ& Zziæ Zziæ DGZ& Zziæ Zziæ ZzB ¸jxZ& gyB mvixZ& I jvO¨v †fvBb& - AvËzev wgwiOv euvkx evBZ& Z‡jwË wewb‡j dzwMi KvbvwË jvO¨vex wiwb PvBZ&\ DGZ& Zziæ Zziæ euvkx mvBZ& I jvO¨vex - g M¨v Kvjv gbvb mvBZ& hvOZ& hvOZ& gyB hvOZ& ‡iv‡ ªv euvkx †iv‡`ªv †iv ‡iv‡ ªv euvkx †iv‡`ªv †iv\

msMÖn- ‰e`¨ jvj Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 88

‡LsLs t ‡LsLsbv‡g evRbv ev`¨wU AwZ cyi‡bv Kv‡ji| euv‡ki †QvU KwÂ w`‡q ˆZix

GUvi ˆ`N© 5 BwÂ Ges cÖ ’ 1/2 BwÂ ev`¨wU `yB iv‡bi gvSLv‡b AviI GKwU wRj ev ixW _v‡K| KwÂi gv_vq SzwU‡Zeuvav 6 BwÂ j¤v k³ myZv _v‡K| †LsLswUi †kl Ask gy‡L jvwM‡q myZv Uv‡bi mv‡_ wewfbœ Zv‡j myiaŸwb m„wó K‡i| mvaviYZ †LsLs †g‡qiv evwR‡q _v‡K| Zviv g‡bi Ae¨³ †Mvcb fvlv AvZ¥ cÖKvk K‡i, jyKv‡bv inm¨ fvlv e¨³K‡i AšÍiv‡j wKsev weQvbvq ï‡q G h‡š¿i gg© úk©x myikÖx aŸbx| †LsLs GB evRbvwU ZÂ½¨viv †esevRv bv‡gI D”PviY K‡i _v‡K|

wes wes †LsLs wes wes wes I jvO¨v `v – jvO‡i b w`‡j Kvq w`b dzj MvgQv weQvB w`b jvO‡i b w`‡j Kvq w`b\ wes wes †LsLs wes wes wes ZzB hyw` WvMBZ&wQ I `v dzwMi Kvbv wP w`b\ wes wes †LsLs wes wes wes ZzB hyw` WvMBZ&wQ cvBZ& ˆciv mvZ& ˆciv mvOy cvwi w`b evbœ v `qvËvb& Lywj w`b\ wes wes †LsLs wes wes wes _evM bvK&kv ¸PvB w`b PevB b cv‡j¨ n&v‡i ayB Uvwb Zzwj w`b\ dzj MvgQv weQvB w`b dzj Lvix weQvB w`b jvO¨v`v wØ Mvj Pev Pzwg w`b- co fvZ gPv wgwj w`b dzji Lvix gvov †jvB eyMi& Nvgvbx gywQ w`b wes wes †LsLs wes wes wes\ msMÖn - ‰e`¨ jvj Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 89

ayiæK t euvkx †LsLs evwR‡q †hgb wb‡Ri AvZ¥vbyf~wZ‡K cwiZ…wß K‡i †Zv‡j, ci‡KI

†`q Abvwej Avb›`; †Zgwb Bkvivi my`~i nvZQvbx †`q ayiæK bv‡g euv‡ki ev`¨ evwR‡q| ayiæK ev`¨ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ n‡jI mvaviYZ Ry‡gi dmj iÿvi Kv‡R me‡P‡q †ekx cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avevi Mfxi e‡bi wkKvixiv G‡K Ac‡ii mÜvb †bq GB ayiæ‡Ki ms‡KZ k‡ã| ayiæK evwR‡q ZÂ½¨v hye‡Kiv Zvi fiv †hŠe‡bi exi‡Z¡i mvov RvwM‡q †Zv‡j weiwnbxi j¾vebZ AšÍ‡i| GK mgq ˆ`bvK ZÂ½¨v †hv×vMY A·v‡ì weiæ‡× hy× K‡iwQ‡jv ayiæ‡Ki yÜexi Zv‡j| GK cÖ ’ cyiæ euv‡ki `yÕw`‡K wMiv †i‡L Zvi gvSLv‡b eyKUv 8-10 BwÂ j¤v Ges cÖ ’ 2 BwÂ cwigvY †P‡U †d‡j w`‡Z nq| †mUv wb‡Ri †c‡Ui mv‡_ jvwM‡q GK nvZ j¤v GKwU Mv‡Qi KvwV Øviv ayiæ‡Ki Mv‡q wewfbœ ªæZ Zvj m„wó Kiv hvq| Ry‡gi UsNi †_‡K iv‡Î evRv‡bv ayiæ‡Ki kã eû`~i †_‡K †kvbv hvq| GB aŸwb cÖwZaŸwb †PŠw`K wb Íä cvnv‡oi ebvÂj gyLwiZ n‡q I‡V| iv‡Mi ªæZ ZvjgvÎv LyeB D‡ËRbvc~Y© I cÖYq¯úkx©|

ayiæK †eBqv ZziæK& ZzK& w`‡b w`‡b Kzwj hyM ev‰oB eiv wkj aK jvO¨v †fvB‡b b w`wM‡j gËzb JB hvq gb yL\ ‡U-‡Uª bv‡`v †U-‡Uª †`v I wPMb †fvBb& M¨v Kvjvb ivbvb aye Zi K¨v `yL gi K¨v `yL\ I jvO¨v †fvBb& ZG w`wM‡j g gbvb myL Zi-A `yL, gi-A `yL\ ‡U-‡Uª bv‡`v †U-‡Uª †`v gvwi †e‡Mbv QvNx †jvBb ayiæM Zv‡j`x WvwM †KvBb& I †fvBb& Zi M¨v Kvjv gbvb jøvev\ `ys †K-‡K ys ‡U-‡Uª bv‡`v †U-‡Uª †`v ayiæK †eBqv ZziæK ZzK&

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 90

Zi n&Avi cvb wLwj LvB cv‡j jvO¨vex g gbvb myL ‡U-‡Uª bv‡`v †U-‡Uª †`v\ W‡Mi EB‡Ovqv ns ns ns gvovZ& ayB ke_ Ms Avmj Kov fvOx Ks ke_ ¸jøys ZG js ‡U-‡Uª bv‡`v †U-‡Uª †`v\ msMÖn- ê`¨ jvj Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v

wkOvj ev wkOv t wkOvj ev wkOv bv‡gi HwZnëvnx ev`¨ GKKv‡j ZÂ½¨v‡ì N‡i N‡i †`Lv

wM‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Gi eënvi G‡Kev‡iB K‡g †M‡jI AZx‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg wQ‡jv| Mqvj ev gwn‡li wks Øviv ˆZix GB ev‡`ï aŸbx Ges k‡•Li aŸwb †Kvb Zdvr †bB| Z‡e k‡•Li aŸwbi †P‡q GB wkOv‡ji aŸwb eû ~‡i P‡j hvq| wk‡Oi AvMvi Ask wKQz †K‡U †d‡j †mB wQ‡ ªi gy‡L dz w`‡j aŸwb Gi m„wó nq| mvivj¨v bv‡g yal© bigyÐ wkKvix cvsLyqv KzwK RvwZiv GKKv‡j GB AÂ‡ji †jvK‡ì‡K hLb nZ¨v Ki‡Z Av‡m ZLb MÖv‡gi †jvK cvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ GB wkOvj evwR‡q mZK© K‡i †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv| kvwšÍ iÿv †èZv nvwRi Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Rbgvbenxb Ggb Mfxi e‡b dzj-dj, ayc, wcôK Øviv ê`ïv Mfxi iv‡Z c~Rv Ki‡Zv| gš¿ Rc Kivi †k‡l G wkOvj ZLb evRv‡bv n‡Zv e‡j Rvbv hvq| Avevi wkOvj GKwU KvwV Øviv Zvj evwR‡q ZÂ½¨v hyeK hyeZxiv GKKv‡j bvP‡Zv| ayiæ‡Mi g‡Zv GB wkOv w`‡q yÜex Zvj evwR‡q ejx †Ljvq wPË D‡ËRK m„wó K‡i|

Pzgv t Pzgv bv‡g GB ev`¨wU euv‡ki GK cÖ ’ †Pv½ ev bj| †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ì wcÖq I

HwnZëvnx ev`¨ n‡jI Gi AvIqvR MÖvgvÂ‡j Avi †kvbv hvq bv| GK cÖv‡šÍ wMiv Ges Aci cÖv‡šÍ gyL †i‡L GK cÖ ’ eo Wjy evu‡ki j¤v Pzgv ev †Pv½ Øviv GB ev`¨ mn‡RB ˆZix Kiv hvq| `yB nv‡Z `yBwU Pzgvi wMivi Ask gvwU‡Z VzwK‡q †Xvj‡Ki k‡ãi g‡Zv yg& `yg& kã ‡ei nq Ges wewfbœ Zv‡ji evRbv m„wó Kiv hvq| mvgvwRK Abyôv‡b GKKv‡j ZÂ½¨v‡ì Pzgv ev`¨ w`‡q Avb›` Drme Kiv Ggb cÖPjb wQ‡jv|

‡ejv t ‡ejv kãwU evsjvq †envjv| †envjv bv‡gi GB ev`¨wUi Rb¥ G‡`‡ki bq, GUv

we‡`kx ev`¨| wKš‘ MxsLywj MvqKMY Zv‡ì MxZ I myi Q‡›ì mv‡_ †ejv hš¿ GKgvÎ mnvqK| cvnvox cUz KvwiM‡iiv gvij MvQ w`‡q Lye my›ì †ejv ˆZix K‡i _v‡K|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 91

ZÂ½¨v‡ì MQv ¸BwË (‡MvÎ †Mvôx) AvivKv‡bi A·vRvwZi mv‡_ Pv‡cÖ ev mv‡cÖ RvwZi hy× Aemv‡bi †k‡l

A‡bK ZÂ½¨v ¯vaxbfv‡e emev‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ †ivqvs Z¨vM K‡ib| wKQz Ask †_‡K †M‡jI AwaKvskB PÆMÖv‡gi `wÿYvÂ‡j 12wU GjvKvq c„_K c„_Kfv‡e emwZ ’vcb K‡ib| Zv‡ì Rxeb PwiZ, ’vb I `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y cieZ©x‡Z fvlvi D”PviY mvgvb¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| d‡j 12wU GjvKvq emevmiZ GB RvwZi 12 ZvjyK bv‡g cwiwPZ nb Ges 12wU MQv ¸BwË m„wó nq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k 7wU MQv ¸BwËi bvg cvIqv hvq| Aewkó 5wU MQv ¸BwË Pvsgv RvwZ‡Z wKsev †m 7wU MQvq AšÍf©~³ nq|

Pv‡cÖ bv‡gi GB ZÂ½¨v‡ì eZ©gvb 7wU ZvjyK ev MQv/¸BË/`j Gi cwiwPwZ †`qv †M‡jv t 1| ‰`b¨vMQv ‡Wj ev `j

t c‡kvB ¸BwË, cwÐZ ¸BwË, ZvÄe ¸BwË, Kvjv _sRv ¸BwË, eÜ¨ve ¸BwË, wc‡kv ¸BwË, iv‡Oqv ¸BwË, ejv ¸BwË, evOvj¨v ¸BwË, `v‡bœvqv ¸BwË I LvËj ¸BwË|

2| ‡gvMQv †Wj ev `j

t Zvwk ¸BwË, Kevj¨v ¸BwË, `v‡jøvqv ¸BwË, ¸Y¨v ¸BwË, KziæM ¸BwË, n&vMviv ¸BwË I Ly‡m¨vqv ¸BwË|

3| Kvi&eqv MQv †Wj ev `j

t MPvj¨v ¸BwË, dvivskv ¸BwË, evOvj¨v ¸BwË, jøv‡cvm¨v ¸BwË, Avi&eqv ¸BwË, eK&Pviv ¸BwË, Zvwk ¸BwË, eyO ¸BwË I ejv ¸BwË|

4| gsjv MQv †Wj ev `j

t cvjskv ¸BwË, `vib¨v ¸BwË, bvevbv ¸BwË, ‡èv ¸BwË I Kv‡jqv ¸BwË|

5| ‡¤§js MQv †Wj ev `j

t Av‡gjv ¸BwË, Avjy ¸BwË, †Z‡g‡j ¸BwË I cK&Z ¸BwË|

6| jøvsMQv †Wj ev `j

t ‡eè ¸BwË, k°v ¸BwË, jv¤vqv ¸BwË I ejv ¸BwË|

7| AO¨ MQv t G‡ì MQv ¸BwËi †jvK AvivKvbmn evg©vq i‡q‡Q| A‡bK A‡bK cwievi evg©v RvwZ‡Z wg‡kI wM‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ †Rjvq †hme AO¨ MQv GKKv‡j wQ‡jv Zviv mevB †gvMQv I âb¨v MQvi mv‡_ AšÍf©~³ nq| K·evRvi †Rjvi ivgy, DwLqv I †UKbvd _vbvi †jv‡Kiv Zviv Pvsgv wj‡L _v‡K|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 92

MQv cwiwPwZ t ZÂ½¨v‡ì wbR¯ †cvlvK i‡q‡Q| mvZwU MQvi mvgvwRK AvPiY cv_©K¨

bq| cyiæ‡liv wbR¯ ˆZix Kv‡evB kvU© I aywZ ev MvgQv eënvi K‡i| †g‡q‡ì ci‡bi wcbyBb I Lvoxi b·v mvgvb¨ ZviZg¨Zvi Kvi‡Y eySv hvq ‡m †Kvb MQv| MQv †f‡` gwnjv‡ì †cvlv‡Ki mvgvb¨ eëavb _vK‡jI gv_vq Les (cvMox), Mjvq ev Kv‡a Mvev (Iobv), Mv‡q Kv‡evB (dzj nvZv eøvDR), †Kvg‡i dvÏyB (Kvc‡oi KwU eÜbx) Ges ci‡bi wcbyBb GB cuvP †cvlvK `„wó AvKl©b K‡i| Im‡ei i‡q‡Q wbLyuZ I wewfbœ b·v| †Luvcvq, Kv‡b, Mjvq, ey‡K, nv‡Z, cv‡q iƒcvi Mqbv QvovI eyK fiv Szjv‡bv _vK‡Zv cywZi gvjv| bvK †dviv ZÂ½¨v‡ì wbR¯ K…wó bq, Avw`‡Z GB cÖ_v Zv‡ì wQ‡jv bv| ivbœvi KvR QvovI Zzjv KvUv, Kvco eybvi KvR ZÂ½¨v igbx‡ì Aek¨B Rvbv _vK‡Z nq| Ime bv Rvb‡j Zv‡ì weevn mn‡R nq bv e‡j Ggb K_v GKKv‡j cÖPwjZ wQ‡jv|

ZÂ½¨v‡ì 7wU `‡j wef³ MQvi g‡a¨ fvlv Ges kã ’vb †f‡` mvgvb¨ ZviZg¨Zv cÖKvk cvq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ K‡_vcK_‡b eySv hvq †K †Kvb MQv| hvB‡nvK `vev (û°v) cvb Kivi GB ms¯‹…wZ Zv‡ì †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Z‡e cvB› yK (Uzwe) I PziæU LvIqvi ms¯‹…wZ i‡q‡Q|

evBb& ‡Kvb ZÂ½¨v hyeZx igbx myZv KvUv, evBb eybv Ggb KvR Rvbv bv _vK‡j

Zvi Kcv‡j Dchy³ ¯vgx jvf Kiv KwVb wQ‡jv| ZvB †g‡q‡ì‡K ivbœvi Kv‡R Af¨ ’ nevi Av‡n PiKvi mvnv‡h¨ Zzjv †_‡K myZv Ges †mB wgwn myZv w`‡q evBb eybvi wkÿv w`‡Z nq| wb‡Ri Do‡bi co‡bi Kvco wb‡R ˆZix Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j ev G Kv‡R AvZ¥ wbf©ikxj n‡Z bv cvi‡j Abïv Zvi KvbvNylv K‡i| myZivs Kvco ˆZixi Rb¨ myZv KvUv, evBb& eybvi KvR Kg †ekx Rvbv AZx‡Z mevi wQ‡jv| Avevi GKB RvwZi g‡a¨ †MvÎ †f‡` Kvc‡oi b·v ev bgybv wfbœ wfbœ `„wó †K‡o †bq| Lvox, wcbyB, Mvev, Les, Kv‡evB, dvÏyB I Avjvg Gme eybv Kvc‡oi b·vq i‡q‡Q cÖwZwU dz‡ji bvg| Avevi ÒAvjvgÓ bv‡gi Kvc‡o wewfbœ b·vi dzj Zz‡j ’vqxfv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB ai‡bi Kvc‡oi Avjvg ‡_‡K †bqv b·v ev dz‡ji bvg †`qv †Mjv t-

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 93

☼ AvB-A †Vs dzj ☼ ‡e‡jB LyBZ& dzj ☼ AvM& dzj ☼ AvMZ& Zv dzj ☼ Avg dyj ☼ A‡ivm¨v dzj ☼ BsivRx AvM dzj ☼ Ck¦i dzj ☼ Djy dyj ☼ Di PMjv dzj ☼ GK Ry †LŠqv PzM dzj ☼ EBb LyBZ& dzj ☼ KzAv PzM dyj ☼ Kve& dzj ☼ KíZiæ dzj ☼ KsAiv Rywb dzj ☼ Kvivj& gvBP dzj ☼ wZev Djy dzj ☼ Zviv dzj ☼ UA HK¨ dzj ☼ _yBZ& R¨v Djy dzj ☼ `vev êiK& dzj ☼ wWwO LAv dzj ☼ bv‡i KvBb& dzj ☼ cvwiPv MvBZ dzj ☼ cÙ cviv dzj ☼ ‡cjv nvd& dzj ☼ cwiPvevs dzj ☼ ‡e‡MvBb wewP dzj ☼ e Djy dzj ☼ e cÙ dzj ☼ ‡ejv eyM dzj ☼ ‡e‡Mbv †cU dzj

☼ ‡e‰Pb dzj ☼ KvOv wewP dzj ☼ ‡KqveK& dzj ☼ ‰KBqv Kv dzj ☼ ‡KM †gM dzj ☼ KzwË Ziv dzj ☼ LqvO¨v dzj ☼ LvIqvb wRqv cwiPvevs ☼ Lyi †KBO dzj ☼ MmvBb cvjs dzj ☼ ¸j PzM dzj ☼ ¸jv evPvBqv cviv dzj ☼ ¸jvUvO¨v bv‡iB KvBb dzj ☼ wPMb& cÙ dzj ☼ Pg©v Rywb dzj ☼ PzM© dzj ☼ Rywb dzj ☼ weBU& MvBZ& dzj ☼ e †Kqv eK dzj ☼ evK&my dzj ☼ e †mAv dzj ☼ evN PzM dzj ☼ evBZ& dzj ☼ gM dzj ☼ giv dzj ☼ gv‡ik¨v dyj ☼ gvMjO `vZ dzj ☼ ¤§vgv dzj ☼ mvOv eK dzj ☼ ‡PAv nAvZ& c dzj ☼ ivg dzj ☼ ‡n Av dyj

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 94

cmb& (wKm&mv ev iƒcK_v)

ZÂ½¨v‡ì cmb& kãwU evsjvq wKm&mv ev iƒcK_v| Nyg cvovbx Qov w`‡q ev †`vjbvq †`vj w`‡Z w`‡Z gv Zvi wkï mšÍvb‡K Awj Awj ... ... eywj ïwb‡q Nyg cvwo‡q †`q| evsjvi ms¯‹…wZi g‡Zv ZÂ½¨v‡ì i‡q‡Q cmb& bv‡g iƒcK_v ev MvjMí| Ime msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e eû nvwi‡q wM‡q‡Q I hv‡”Q| A_P Gme wbR¯ ms¯‹…wZ Ges Lye gRvi|

iv‡Î fvZ LvIqvi ci †Lvjv eviv›`vq †PivM evwZ R¡vwj‡q cmb& ejv n‡Zv- Ôgyjvi gZ ùvZ, Kzjvi gZ Kvb, GKwU gvÎ †PvL Kcv‡j| †m †PvL fqsKi wns¯ª fve| †hb Av¸b D‡o hvq| GKUv bq, `y‡Uv bq, GK mv‡_ WRb Lv‡bK †Q‡j †g‡q wM‡j †c‡Ui g‡a¨ ivL‡Z cv‡i ... ... ... ...|Ó Ime f~Z ivÿ‡mi cmb& ï‡b mevB f‡q Mv †N‡l em‡Zv| Avevi evN fvjøyK evbi BZ¨vw` cmb, nvwmi cmb ï‡b K‡Zv Avb›` †c‡Zv| hvB‡nvK K‡qKwU cÖPwjZ cm‡bi bvg †`qv n‡jv t-

☼ AvjwPqv wgwÒ¨v ☼ GK we‰MBk¨v ☼ Kex-aex ☼ ¸j&-wPbv ☼ fzjv-fzwj ☼ ‡kqvj¨v Av n&vBZ&‡m¨vqv ☼ KjvÌy Kb¨v ☼ eyR¨v-eyox Av evN¨v ☼ eyox Av fz‡Ëvqv ☼ ‡e‡jB Kb¨v ☼ Ly‡m¨vqv †eO Av myevËzex ☼ ïM gv ☼ ivPv fvMvb¨v bv‡°vb& wPjv ☼ KvBZ& Kb¨v

☼ ïMev evN¨v Av †cPvev ☼ eyR¨v eyox ☼ myevËzix Av †cËqv wdDs ☼ `v yO¨v-`v`yOx ☼ wgiv ivPv ☼ y‡jvK Kzwb ☼ ‡Zb&‡ìv ☼ ‡eO¨v ☼ wgiv Av cvivb& eb ☼ fjv Miæ ☼ Pvbgywb m~h©gywb ☼ Avj&wPqv ☼ EB‡Ovqv Av Kevev eb ☼ ev›`yix

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 95

Rywgqv avb cve©Z¨ AÂ‡ji RywgqvMY cÖvq cÂvk cÖKv‡ii avb Ry‡g ecb K‡i _v‡K| Ime Ry‡gi avb mvaviY êkv‡Li w`‡K ecb K‡i fv‡ ªi †k‡li w`‡K djb †c‡q hvq| wKQz avb i‡q‡Q wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ djb †`q| GKbR `ÿ Rywgqvi g‡Z 1 Avwo (16 †mi) avb †_‡K 15-30 Avwo avb cvIqv hvq| GKevi †h ’v‡b Ryg Kiv nq †m ’v‡ib b~¨bZg 3/4 ermi ciB cybt Ryg Pvl Kiv hvq| Avevi cyi‡bv 15-20 ermi ev ZviI eû Av‡Mi R½j i‡q‡Q| Ime ’v‡b Ryg Pvl Ki‡j dmj Av‡iv fvj cvIqv hvq| †gvU K_v R½j h‡Zv †ekx cyi‡bv nq ZZB fvj| †mLv‡b AvMvQv Lye nq bv| Avwo cÖwZ 40-50 Avwo ev ZviI †ekx avb cvIqv wM‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| Ry‡gi avb mvaviYZ cvnv‡oi c~e© `wÿY I cwðg w`‡K fvj nq| DËi w`‡Ki avb †PvKjv nq| 1| †Mjs avb (mv`v PvDj) 2| †Mjs avb (jvj PvDj) 3| †j›`v wPMb 4| †isLB avb (eqm j¤v) 5| ivPv avb (avb j¤v) 6| ivPv avb (avb †Mvj) 7| gsKzBavb (avb Mv‡Qi †Mvov †e¸bx is)

8| †Qavb/‡Q‡iavb (avb eo) 9| †Qavb/‡Q‡iavb (avb †QvU) 10| Zviæ‡Mv avb (avb †QvU, fvZ myMÜhy³) 11| Mivavb 12| †mvixavb (fvZ myMÜ) 13| Av‡gavb (fvZ myMÜ, cvZv eo I j¤v) 14| †RBZ& Av‡gavb (`vbv †QvU, PgrKvi MÜ)

15| KeK& avb (1) Kvjv KeK (myMÜ) (2) ivOv Kee (myMÜ) (3) aye KeK (`vbv †QvU) (4) wkqvj KeK (5) jyg‡eªv KeK

16| wZjsavb 17| ev‡iqv avb

(1) eo ev‡iqv (2) ‡QvU‡iv ev‡iqv (3) wPMb ev‡iqv (fvZ PgrKvi myMÜ)

18| bvBbQv‡eix avb 19| Zzwe avb (fvZ myMÜ) 20| gvBL¨s avb 21| Kvgivs avb

(1) eo Kvgivs (2) ‡QvU Kvgivs (fvZ myMÜ) (3) Wjy Kvgivs (`vbv †gvUv)

22| wMwis avb (fvZ PgrKvi myMÜ) 23| iv‡OB avb 24| Zzix avb

(1) avb Kvj (myMÜ) (2) avb jvj (myMÜ)

25| †gn&jx avb 26| †g‡j avb (avb j¤v) 27| ivgMx avb

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 96

(6) †cjvs KeK& 28| fz‡àvB avb (fvZ my¯v`y, avb Mv‡Qi eqm †ekx) 29| cviwZMx avb (`vbv j¤v, iæwPKi myMÜhy³) 30| bvev‡`v avb (fvZ myMÜ) 31| Kvs †MBb avb

(1) ivOv Kvs †MBb (2) Kvj Kvs †MBb

32| wZex avb (fvZ myMÜ) 33| †jvav avb 34| †Lviv avb

35| Kzix avb 36| †jvKv avb 37| Kev wewe avb (PvDj Kvj) 38| ivOv wewb avb (PvDj jvj) 39| jÿx wewb (fvZ myMÜ) 40| †c‡imv wewb avb 41| ïM †jv wewb avb 42| jsKv civ wewb avb 43| ivav wewb 44| dK&mv wewb (fvZ myMÜ) 45| mbv wewb

Ry‡g Drcvw`Z K…wl RvZ KvBZ t KvBZ& yB cÖKvi| h_v- fvZ KvBZ& I ivOv KvBZ&| MvQ bj LvMovi

g‡Zv| j¤vq 5/7 dzU nq| †Mvov †_‡K 4/5 wU ev ZviI AwaK Mv‡Qi †MvQv nq| cÖwZwU Mv‡Qi AvMvq GKwU K‡i †_vo †ei n‡q fvZ KvBZ& Qov nq| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mvaviYZ M‡gi ex‡Ri †P‡q eo| j¤vK…wZ †Mvj I mv`v e‡Y©i| †iŠ‡ ª ïwK‡q †XuwK‡Z †P‡U PvDj Kiv nq| eo eo `vbvi GB PvDj ivbœv Ki‡j fv‡Zi g‡Zv †dv‡U Ges LyeB ¯v`hy³ Avi cywóKi| ivbœv Kiv KvBZ& fvZ ZiKvix Qvov LvIqv hvq| †XuwK‡Z PvDj ¸‡ov K‡i wcVv ˆZix Kiv hvq| K…wl we`‡ì g‡Z Mg I PvD‡ji †P‡qI fvZ KvB‡Zi Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ Ry‡g Ah‡Zœ I cwiPh©v QvovB MvQ eo nq| gvwU †KvcvBqv GKUz hZœ wb‡j ½ †mi †_‡K 50/60 ‡mi ev ZviI †ekx KvBZ& cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

GKKv‡j cvnvox igbxiv KvB‡Zi `vbv w`‡q cywZ gvjv ˆZix K‡i Mjvq ci‡Zv e‡j Rvbv wM‡q‡Q| wØZxq gnvhy‡× A_©vr 42 Gi `ywf©‡ÿi mgq eû cvnvox KvBZ fvZ †L‡q Rxeb iÿv K‡iwQ‡jv Ges PvlI K‡iwQ‡jv e‡j cÖexb‡ì gy‡L †kvbv wM‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 97

avMv cs t fvZ KvBZ& Mv‡Qi †P‡q WvMv c‡Oi MvQ AviI j¤v I my`„k¨ nq| `vbv¸‡jv †Mvj I mv`v Ges fvZ KvB‡Zi †P‡q GKUz †QvU| mvaviYZ ˆL Gi Rb¨ Ry‡g K‡qKwU MvQ ivLv nq| Z‡e ˆL Lye fvj nq| Ry‡gi avb KvUvi ci avMv cs cvK‡Z _v‡K|

‡gvMjx †R‡ibv t AvK…wZ‡Z WvMv c‡Oi g‡Zv| MvQ GKUz †QvU| gyjvwewPi g‡Zv `vbv Z‡e †Mvj I Kvj Ges jvj e‡Y©i| WvMv c‡Oi g‡Zv `vbv w`‡q ˆL dzwU‡q LvIqv nq| MvQ wgwó| Av‡Li g‡Zv MvQ wPwe‡q LvIqv hvq| Qovi `vbv Nb|

avb †R‡ibv t ‡gvMjx †R‡ibvi †P‡q MvQ GKUz †QvU| `vbv w`‡q ˆL nq I MvQ wgwó e‡j im Pz‡l LvIqv nq|

‡KvBb& t Gi Pvl hZœ mnKv‡i Kiv nq bv| GKUz hZœevb n‡q Pvl Ki‡j fvj djb cvIqv hv‡e| Ry‡g †cvov gvwUi Dci wQwU‡q wKsev av‡bi mv‡_ wgwk‡q ecb Kiv nq| `yB cÖKv‡ii †KvBb †`Lv hvq| †mvRv DuPz Rv‡Zi †KvBb Avi Ab¨wU _yc †KvBb| _yc †KvB‡bi wQUvq K‡qK ¸”Q Qov _v‡K| Ry‡gi avb cvKvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †KvBbI cvK‡Z ïiæ K‡i| ‡KvBb& LyeB gRvi Lvevi| cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K AwZw_ †mevq wgwó Lvevi wn‡m‡e cvnvox‡ì Kv‡Q AwZ mycwiwPZ| bvi‡Kj, yL, wPwb ev ¸o w`‡q mn‡R GB Lvevi ˆZix Kiv hvq| ZÂ½¨v‡ì g‡a¨ GKKv‡j wely Drme, Iqv ev el©vevm Awaôv‡b, cÖeviYv I nvj cvjvbx w`‡b N‡i N‡i †KvBb fvZ ivbœv K‡i AwZw_ Avc¨vqb Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gvb mg‡q ev½vjx‡ì Kv‡QI wcÖq Lvevi wnmv‡e mgv`„Z|

NyP¨v (wZj) t cvnvox‡ì g‡a¨ avb, NyP¨v I Zzjv GB wZb dm‡ji bvgB Ryg| avb erm‡ii Lvevi †LvivKxi Rb¨ Avi NyP¨v I Zzjv weµx K‡i Avw_©K m”PjZvi Rb¨| myZivs cvnvoxiv Zv‡ì evrmwiK Av‡qi Drm GKgvÎ NyP¨v I Zzjv weµq| NyP¨v wZb cÖKvi †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| (1) ex‡Ri dj mvgvb¨ j¤v, Nb meyR, (2) ex‡Ri dj mvgvb¨ †MvjvK…wZ, nvjKv meyR, (3) KvjvNyP¨v| d‡ji is mvgvb¨ Zdvr| NyP¨vi exR jvj‡P mv`v I Kv‡jv| Bnv Qvov ÒbvMvNyP¨vÓ bv‡g AviI GK cÖKvi NyP¨v Av‡Q| GB NyP¨vi MvQ cvZv I `vbv wfbœ| mvaviYZ Bnv ZiKvix‡Z LvIqv nq| NyP¨vi Pvl c„_K c„_Kfv‡e †Kvb Rywgqv‡K Pvl Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| avbMvQ Awbó K‡ibv e‡j NyP¨vMvQ Ry‡g †ekx †`Lv hvq| eZ©gvb mg‡q Gi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ b¨vh¨ `v‡gi Afv‡e Rywgqv K…lKMY NyP¨v I Zzjvi Pvl Kgv‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 98

gyK¨v ev fzÆv gyK¨v ev fzÆv bv‡g GB Pvl †Kvb c„_Kfv‡e nqbv| ïaygvÎ Ry‡g avb Mv‡Qi duv‡K duv‡K MvQ ivLv n‡Zv| AvRKvj KPz Av`v ev Ab¨vb¨ kvK meRx evMv‡b Ggb wK Avjv`vfv‡e Pi Rwg‡bI Pvl Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| eQ‡i †h †Kvb FZz‡Z Bnvi Pvl Kiv hvq| gyK¨vi †Kk¸”Q ev euvKj hLb GKUz jvj is dz‡U D‡V ZLb g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e Lvevi mgq n‡q‡Q| cvnvoxiv wm×, Av¸‡b cy‡o I ˆL wnmv‡e gyK¨v Lvq| cvnvox AÂ‡j Pvi cÖKvi gyK¨v †`Lv hvq| †hgb t

(1) wewb gyK¨v t `vbvi is †e¸bx| Z‡e Ab¨ i‡OiI Av‡Q| Bnv big I AvVvhy³ LyeB ¯v`|

(2) ivOv/aye/Kvjv gyK¨v t ¯v` Av‡Q| Z‡e wewb gyK¨vi g‡Zv bq| (3) ev›`‡Pi gyK¨v ev myivbœyjx gyK¨v t AvK…wZ‡Z †QvU| Z‡e mvaviY gyK¨vi

†P‡q j¤v| Bnvi `vbv k³| ˆL Lye fvj nq| (4) eo gyK¨v ev †Kv¤úvbx gyK¨v t GB gyK¨v Ab¨vb¨ gyK¨vi †P‡q eo| `vbvI

eo| ¯v` Kg| we‡`k †_‡K GB †`‡k exR G‡b K…wl ms ’vi gva¨‡g weZiY n‡qwQ‡jv e‡j A‡b‡KB †Kv¤úvbx gyK¨v e‡j _v‡K|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 99

4| Kziæ †is Avjy (jvj) 5| ‡is Avjy (mv`v) 6| evOvj Avjy 7| eiv Avjy

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 100

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 101

5| MvBZ& Dj 6| kvix Dj 7| K‡° Dj

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 102

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 103

9| wcovq e‡m fv‡Zi _vj wb‡P †i‡L ev cv‡qi Dci fv‡Zi _vj †i‡L fvZ †L‡j †m N‡i j²x _v‡K bv|

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 104

23| c‡ii N‡ii Pv‡ji cvwb wb‡Ri N‡ii Pv‡j cov A½j| 24| cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Kv‡iv hw` N‡ii evwn‡i g„Zz¨ nq Zv n‡j †m g„Z

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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 105


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ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 106

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Lªxóvb a‡g© AeMvnb PÆMÖvg †_‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K Avjv`v †Rjvq wef³ Kivi ci †Rjvi mì

Kiv nq P›`ª‡Nvbvq| mv‡_ mv‡_ 1862 Bs mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m Lªxóvb‡ì cÖ‡Póvq cÖ_g Lªxóvb cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ’vwcZ Kiv nq| ejv evûj¨ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g GUvB me© cÖ_g I GKgvÎ ¯‹zj| I mgq cvnvox †Q‡j †g‡q‡ì cov wjLv †kLv evav aiv wQ‡jv| myZivs A‡b‡KB Lªxóvb a‡g© `xwÿZ n‡q cov wjLv Kivi my‡hvM cvq| I mgq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox‡ì‡K Lªxóvb a‡g© `xwÿZ Kivi Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ Kvco, AvUv, we¯‹zU, Jla I a‡g©i eB GgbwK UvKvI †`qv n‡Zv|

Gfv‡e Lªxóvb ag© cÖPv‡ii mv_©KZvq 1889 L„t Ôwhï msev`Õ bv‡g whïevYx m¤wjZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox RvwZ‡ì Rb¨ GKwU cwÎKv ixwZg‡Zv cÖKvwkZ nq| evsjv Aÿ‡i I PvKgv fvlvq cwÎKvwU msL¨v Mwió PvKgv RvwZ‡K Lªxóvb a‡g© `xwÿZ Kivi gva¨g ejv hvq| Gfv‡e AbymvixM‡Yi Øviv PvKgv fvlvq ÔAvgvi cÖf~ whïÕ bv‡g cyw ÍKv †ei nq| Gici Ôag© Kv‡i KqÕ Av‡iv GKwU cyw ÍKv †ei nq| Bnv QvovI †dvìvi, Qwe I cÖPvicÎ cÖwZwU MÖv‡g weZiY K‡i MxRv© wbg©v‡Yi civgk© †`qv n‡Zv| †MŠi‡ei welq,¯ag© Z¨vM K‡i †Kvb ZÂ½¨v Lªxóvb nqwb|

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GK we ÍxY© cve©Z¨ AÂj‡K Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvgÓ ejv nq| 1715 L„t †_‡K 1760 L„t ch©šÍ †gvNj kvmbvgj Ges 1760 L„t †_‡K 1860 L„t Bs‡iR kvmb ch©šÍ GB AÂj A_©vr cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂjwU ivR¯ KvMR c‡Î ÒKvc©vm gnjÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| 1860 mv‡ji 1jv AvMó Ò‡iBWm Ae dvw›Uªqvi UªvBem G¨v± 22 Ae 1860Ó Abymv‡i GB cve©Z¨ AÂj‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg bv‡g GK ¯Zš¿ †Rjvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| K¨v‡Þb g¨vM‡iU (Magrath) GB †Rjvi cÖ_g mycvwi‡›U‡Û›U wQ‡jb| 1860 Bs mv‡j PÆMÖvg e›ì †_‡K KY©dzjx b`xi 27 gvBj DRv‡b P› ª‡Nvbv (bqv kni) bvgK ’v‡b GB †Rjvi cÖ_g cÖkvmwbK mì `ßi ’vcb Kiv nq| e„wUk miKvi KZ©„K D³ m‡b 22 bs AvB‡bi avivq PÆMÖvg †_‡K Kvc©vm gnj bvg cwieZ©b K‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg bv‡g †Rjv K‡ib| 1868 mv‡ji b‡f¤i gv‡m P› ª‡Nvbv †_‡K KY©dzjx b`xi Av‡iv 33 gvBj DRv‡b GB mì `ßi ivOvgvwU‡Z ’vbvšÍi Kiv nq| †Rjvi mxgv, DË‡i fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 116

ivR¨, `wÿ‡Y evg©vi AvivKvb cÖ‡`k, c~‡e© fvi‡Zi jymvB wnj I AvivKvb cÖ‡`k Ges cwð‡g PÆMÖvg †Rjv I wÎcyiv ivR¨| 1881 mv‡j 1jv †m‡Þ¤i e½xq Mfb©i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K gs, †evgvs I PvKgv mv‡K©j K‡i wZbRb ivRv wbhy³ K‡ib|

fviZ wefw³i ci 1947 mv‡j 14B AvMó cvwK Ívb Avjv`v iv‡óª cwiYZ nq| 14B AvMó ¯vaxbZv wèm cvwjZ n‡jI D³ Zvwi‡Li yB w`b ci A_©vr 16B AvMó cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K cvwK Ív‡b AšÍf©~³ Kiv nq| †mB AÂ‡ji yÕwU cÖavb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dci miKv‡ii „wó cwZZ nq| GKwU Gi we Í…Z ebf~wgi g~jëvb ebR m¤ú` MvQ-euvk AvniY K‡i KvMR ˆZixi KuvPvgvj wnmv‡e eënv‡ii Rb¨ 1950 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K †nvqvM&Mv †gŠRvi P› ª‡Nvbvq GKwU e„nr KvM‡Ri Kj ’vc‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| 1953 mv‡ji 16B A‡±vei me© cÖ_g Avg`vbxK…Z KvM‡Ri gÐ w`‡q GB KY©dzjx KvM‡Ri K‡j KvMR Drcv`‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| K‡ji KuvPvgvj Avni‡Yi Rb¨ Kj KZ©„cÿ 370 eM©gvB‡ji AwaK msiwÿZ ebvÂj BRviv MÖnY K‡ib|

KY©dzjx b`xi Rj cÖevn †_‡K we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1954 m‡bi w`‡K cÖ_‡g myejs evRvi †_‡K mvgvb¨ wb‡P wPjviavK bvgK ’v‡b KY©dzjx b`xi euva †`qvi eë ’v Kiv nq| GLv‡b wKQz w`b KvR Kivi ci ’wMZ †i‡L cieZ©x‡Z KvßvB Lv‡ji gyL gyiæsNvU †_‡K Aí DRv‡b Ges ivBsL¨s Lv‡ji gyL †_‡K gvBj `yÕ‡qK wb‡P KvßvB nvB‡Wªv B‡jKwUªK cÖ‡R± bv‡g KY©dzjx euv‡ai KvR ïiæ nq| 49 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q I cÖvq cuvP eQi cy‡iv`‡g KvR Pjvi ci Ae‡k‡l 1959/60 Bs 1,30,000 wK‡jvIqvU kw³ m¤úbœ we`y¨r kw³ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 2,200 dzU `xN© Ges 130 dzU Gg, Gm, Gj D”PZv wewkó wbg©vY KvR cy‡ivcywifv‡e †kl nq| GB euva ˆZixi d‡j KY©dzjx b`xi DRv‡b cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b N‡U, e„wócv‡Zi ZviZgÏ m„wó nq| Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY n«vm cvq| ’vbxq Awaevmxi Rxeb †ev‡ai cwieZ©b, †ckve„wËi êwPÎ, gb I gvbwmK w`M‡šÍi we Í…wZ NwU‡q AvZ¥ m‡PZbv RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| GQvov f~wg eë ’vi DciI Gi e¨vcK cÖfve cwZZ nq|

1960 Bs KvßvB euva eÜ Kivi d‡j KY©dzjx eo eo kvLv b`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 117

ivBsL¨s, †PsMx, myejs, KvPjs, gvBbx cÖf…wZ b`xi DcZ¨Kvq cÖvq 80/90 gvBj `xN© Ges 1 †_‡K 10 gvBj cÖk Í wekvj AvK…wZi K…wÎg n« m„wó nq| hvi d‡j GB GjvKvq cÖvq 54,000 GKi Avev`x Rwg (gZvšÍ‡i 58,000.00 GKi) n«‡ì R‡ji wb‡P Wz‡e hvq| 103 wU †gŠRvi 256 eM©gvBj GjvKv n«‡ì R‡j ÿwZMÖ Í n‡j GB me GjvKv †_‡K jÿvwaK DØv ‘ Ab¨Î cybe©vmb Ki‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv| cÖvq 40,000 nvRvi DØv ‘‡K KvPjs msiwÿZ ebvÂ‡ji GKwU mgZj Ask Db¥y³ K‡i cybe©vmb Kiv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ kZKiv cuPvbeŸB Rb cvnvox Aewkó cyivb e Íx ev½vjx|

KvßvB euv‡ai Ke‡j GB AÂ‡ji ’vqx emevmiZ cvnvoxMY Zv‡ì c~e© cyiæ‡li wfUv gvwU cwiZ¨vM K‡i Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Ab¨Î P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jv| ivBsL¨s GjvKvi ÿwZMÖ Í DØv ‘ ZÂ½¨viv ivR ’jx, ev›ìevb, †ivqvsQwo, Avw`K`g QvovI fvi‡Zi mxgvšÍ cv‡o I AvivKv‡b P‡j hvq| AwaKvsk ZÂ½Ä ivBsL¨s msiwÿZ ebvÂ‡ji Aax‡b AvkÖq MÖnY wKsev RjgMœ GjvKvi DuPz cvnv‡o KwVb Rxeb hy× K‡i †eu‡P i‡q‡Q| G‡Z wewfbœ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wói †fZi Avw_©K, wkÿv m‡e©vcwi wbR¯ K…wó ms¯‹…wZi gvivZ¥K ûgKxi m¤§yLxb nq|

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cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i 1967-68 mv‡j E.P.A.D.C (Bó cvwK Ívb GwMÖKvjPvi †W‡fjc‡g›U K‡c©v‡ikb) A_©vr c~e© cvwK Ívb K…wl Dbœqb K‡c©v‡ikb) bv‡g cÖv_wgKfv‡e GB AÂ‡ji †gvU 69 wU †gŠRvq 5,70,310 GKi e‡›`ve Íxi eë ’v Kiv nq| 1971 mv‡j †`k ¯vaxb nevi ci Òevsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb ms ’vÓ

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 118

n‡q hvq| Gici ÒD`¨vb Dbœqb †evW©Ó n‡q hvevi ci cybivq ÒK…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßiÓ nq| hvB‡nvK G cÖK‡íi Aax‡b 1969-74 mvj ch©šÍ cÖ‡Z¨K cwievi‡K 6 (Qq) GKi cvnvo (D”P f~wg) e‡›`ve Íxmn Rwg, bM` A_© cÖ vb, Pviv, exR I mvi weZib Kiv nq| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU evMvbKvix‡ì Dchy³ cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU †gŠRvq GKRb K‡i `ÿ †gŠRv K…wl mnKvix (cieZx©‡Z eøK mycvi fvBRvi we,Gm) wbhy³ Kiv nq| GB cÖKí nevi ci cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j Avbvim, Kjv, KvVvj, Avg, m‡d`v, KvRy ev`vg, Kzj, bvwi‡Kj, †wjPz, †cqviv, Kgjv, †jey, kvKmeRx cÖPzi Drcv`b e„w× cvq| wKš‘ K…l‡Kiv evRv‡i b¨vh¨ g~‡jï Afv‡e nqivwb †fvM K‡i Avm‡Q|

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wefw³ 1980 mv‡ji 4Vv †g Zvwi‡L AbywôZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Dbœqb msµvšÍ KvDwÝj

KwgwUi êV‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjv‡K wZbwU bZzb †Rjvq wef³ Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| GB wm×všÍ Abymv‡i 1981 mv‡ji 4Vv GwcÖj GB †Rjvi `wÿYvÂ‡ji ev›ìevb, iægv, jvgv, bvÿ¨sQwo, AvwjK`g, _vbwP I †ivqvsQwo GB mvZwU _vbv MVb K‡i cieZ©x †g gvm †_‡K †Rjvi KvR ïiæ nq| 1983 mv‡ji 10B A‡±vei DËivÂ‡ji ivgMo, LvMovQwo, gvwUivsMv, cvbQwo, `xwNbvjv, gvwbKQwo, jÿxQwo I gnvjQwo GB AvUwU _vbv K‡i LvMovQwo †Rjv Kiv nq Ges 7B b‡f¤i Zvwi‡L D‡Øvab Kiv nq| ivOvgvwU †Rjvq `kwU _vbv ¸‡jvi bvg n‡jv ivOvgvwU mì, KvßvB, ivR ’jx, wejvBQwo, RyiQwo, eiKj, jsM y, evNvBQwo, bvwbqvi Pi I KvDLvjx| e„nËi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi 25wU _vbv Ges 386 wU †gŠRv i‡q‡Q|

cve©Z¨ msKU ch©v‡jvPbv 1971 Bs †`k ¯vaxb nq| 1973 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi mgq ivOvgvwU

cyivZb †KvU© wewìs gq`v‡b wekvj Rbmfvq ivóªbvqK †kL gywReyi ingvb cvnvox‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, Òevsjv‡`‡ki RbMY mevB ev½vjx, †`‡ki mKj RvwZ ev½vjx| †m †h RvwZ †nvK bv †Kb evsjv‡`‡k †h †Kvb †Rjvq emevm Ki‡Z cvi‡e-|Ó wZwb PvKgv ivRv wÎwè iv‡qi weiæ‡× ¯vaxbZv we‡ivax f~wgKv

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cvj‡bi Awf‡hvM Av‡bb, Zuvi bvMwiKZ¡ evwZj Ges m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß K‡ib| gnvb †bZvi GB Dw³‡Z cv‡k Dcweó ivRgvZv webxZv iv‡qi `yÕ‡PvL mRj n‡q D‡V| d‡j mvgšÍev`x ivRbxwZi wecix‡Z DÌvb N‡U gvK©mev`x Ges RvZxqZvev`x ivRbxwZi| gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv Ry‡¤§vqv RvZxqZvev‡ì †køvMvb Zz‡j DcRvZxq‡ì GK KvZv‡i wb‡q Av‡mb Ges cieZx©Kv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Awemsevw`Z †bZv wnmv‡e wZwb wbR‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Avg‡j †emvgwiKfv‡e e¨vcK ewnivM‡Zi cybe©vmb KvR ïiæ nq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ev›ìevb †Rjv iægv Ges LvMovQwo †Rjvi `xwNbvjv GB ywU ’v‡b me© cÖ_g kw³kvjx †mbvwbevm ’vc‡bi eë ’v K‡ib| 1975 mv‡j 15B AvMó e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb mcwiev‡i wbnZ nb|

wRqvDi ingvb ÿgZvq G‡jb| 1976 mv‡ji 20 A‡±vei ivóªcwZ wRqvi Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Dbœqb †evW©Õ MVb GKwU hyMvšÍKvix NUbv (hwÌ Zvi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv Rb¥ jMœ †_‡KB weZwK©Z Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Dbœqb †evW© mvgwiK evwnbxi KZ©„Z¡vaxb)| 1977 mv‡j DcRvZxq‡ì `vexi †cÖwÿ‡Z ÔDcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDUÕ MVbI wQ‡jv †m miKv‡ii BwZevPK c`‡ÿc| 1979 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ev½vjx RbmsL¨v Amg e„w×, †Rvi c~e©K cybe©vmb †`qvi mdj nq| 1981 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g mvgwiK evwnbxi we‡`ªv‡n we, Gb, wc, ‡bZv wRqvDi ingvb wbnZ nb|

RvZxq cvwU©i †bZv û‡mb gynv¤§` Gikv` ÿgZvq AwawôZ nb| wZwbI wRqv miKv‡ii g‡Zv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v‡K A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vq iƒc w`‡jb| wZwb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v wbim‡b 15B †m‡Þ¤i 1988 m‡b DcRvZxq †bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_ RvZxq KwgwUi gva¨‡g Pyw³ K‡ib| wZwb kvwšÍ evwnbxi A ¿ mgc©b mvaviY ÿgv †NvlYv K‡i w`‡jb| ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v‡K †gvo Nywi‡q ivOvgvwU, ev›ìevb I LvMovQwo GB wZb †Rjv mg~‡ni Rb¨ we‡kl ÿgZv m¤úbœ cwil` MVb Kivi eë ’v Ki‡jb| cÖ ÍvweZ GB †Rjv cwil‡ì ( ’vbxq miKvi cwil` / cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil`) RbmsL¨v wbwe©‡k‡l mKj DcRvZxq cÖwZwbwa _vK‡e| m‡e©vcwi †Rjv cwil‡` wZb †Rjvq wZbRb †Pqvig¨vb DcRvZxq †jvK wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| 1989 mv‡ji 25‡k Ryb GK cÖnmb g~jK wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g Gikv` miKvi cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j ’vbxq miKvi cwil` Kv‡qg K‡ib|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 120

31 m`m¨ wewkó cwil‡ì DcRvwZ Ges ADcRvwZi Avmb wb¤œiƒc t ivOvgvwU ev›ìevb LvMovQwo ‡gvU K) †Pqvig¨vb 1 1 1 3 Rb L) PvKgv m`m¨ 10 1 9 20 Rb M) gM (gvigv) Ó 4 10 6 20 Rb N) ZÂ½¨v Ó 2 1 0 3 Rb O) wÎcyiv + D‡PvB Ó 1 1 6 8 Rb P) PvK Ó 0 1 0 1 Rb Q) jymvB Ó 1 1 0 2 Rb R) cvsLy †evg Ó 0 0 0 1 Rb S) †Lqvs Ó 1 0 0 1 Rb T) Lywg Ó 0 1 0 1 Rb U) ev½vjx Ó 10 11 9 30 Rb V) gyis (‡¤ªv) Ó 1 3 0 4 Rb 31 30 30 91 Rb

Gikv` miKvi‡K ˆ¯ivPvix AvL¨vwqZ K‡i MYgyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g cZb NwU‡q we. Gb. wc cyb©evi ÿgZvq wd‡i Av‡m Ges †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv cÖavb gš¿x nb| mvßvwnK ÔAvb›` cÎÕ g‡Z Rvbv hvq 1979 m‡b wRqvDi ingvb 30,000 nvRvi ev½vjx cwievi‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cybe©vm‡bi mv_©KZvq 65 †KvwU UvKv G‡Z eivÏ †`b| Gfv‡e 1982 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cybe©vwmZ ev½vjxi RbmsL¨v 4 j‡ÿi g‡Zv e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j Gikv` kvmb †_‡K Lv‡j`v kvmb ch©šÍ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g nZ¨v, AwMœ ms‡hvM, jyUcvU, al©b, AcniY BZ¨vwì NUbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wZb kZvwaK wb‡LuvR cÖvq 50 nvRvi kiYv_©x fvi‡Zi wÎcyivq I wg‡Rviv‡g P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ nq| 1996 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b we. Gb. wc. †bÎx Lv‡j`v wRqv civwRZ n‡jb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bÎx †kL nvwmbvi wbKU|

‡kL nvwmbv ÿgZv AwaKv‡ii ci cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi weivRgvb cwiw ’wZ wkw_j n‡q Av‡m| Z‡e RbmsnwZ mwgwZi ms‡kvwaZ cuvP `dv `vwebvgv Zvi miKvi †g‡b wb‡Z m¤§Z n‡q‡Qb e‡j| miKvi cuvP `dv `vwebvgv‡K m¤§wZ cÖ vb I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` MV‡bi wm×v‡šÍ 2iv wW‡m¤i 1997 Bs RbmsnwZ mwgwZ Z_v kvwšÍevwnbxi †Pqvig¨vb kÖx‡R¨vwZwi›`ª †evwawcÖq jvigv Ii‡d mš‘ jvigv Gi mv‡_ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxqv cÖavb gš¿x †kL nvwmbvi kvwšÍ Pzw³ ¯vÿwiZ nq| AZtci LvMovQwo ‡ówWqv‡g 10B wW‡m¤i 1997Bs m‡b RbmsnwZ mwgwZi m`më„‡›ì GK Af~Zc~e© Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Ges jÿvwaK †jv‡Ki Dcw ’wZ‡Z A ¿ mgc©b K‡ib|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 121

8B GwcÖj 1995 Bs ev›ìevb mì _vbvaxb evjvNvUv D”P we`¨vjq gv‡V Òevsjv‡`k ZÂ½¨v Kj¨vY ms ’vÓ Gi D‡`¨v‡M GK Af~Zc~e© ZÂ½¨v gnvm‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| cÖvq cuvP nvRv‡ii AwaK ZÂ½¨vi Dcw ’wZ‡Z GB m‡¤§jb Dcj‡ÿ g‡bvÁ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b wb‡¤œv³ MvbwU D‡Øvabx msMxZ wn‡m‡e cwi‡ewkZ n‡qwQ‡jv|

ivBsL¨s Mvs, Kv‡ßB Mvs, gvZvgyix AvMv ksN _yg aycwkj, AvwjK`g, IqvM&Mv, †ivqvs Qwo wNjv‡gvCb Av Svg&w` †gvCb Avgvi Av‡N Avgvi †_e\ Kzo– †MjvK csPvb ygcÖæ Kvbv wMsLyjx bvB ivR mfvZ exi, wKËs, ïwPAs bvB B RvMvZ& iæwPAs eskx wMsLyjx Kvjvgb\

jvjgywb LvBZ&eywj jÿxab Avgv KevjZ& bvB KyÄ gvRb, wZivkx, bsd, kir ê`¨ bvB bvB ivRKwe kÖxcgjvab\

‰`bvK ZÂ½¨vi evi ZvjyK- wgwj wgwk †_evi B w`bZ& dvcÖæ kÖxab Avgy †KvB wMqb Dwoe †e‡jøvqv c~e KzbZ&\

gnv cwÐZ AMÖesk w` †Mj ag©Kvg ÁvbËzb& AvÜvi Qvwo cn&AiZ& AvBm e¨vK& ZÂ½¨v SvoËzb\

MvbwU iPbvq- iwZKvšÍ ZÂ½¨v, myi w`‡q‡Qb- g‡bvR evnv`yi Avi mg‡eZ K‡É †M‡q‡Qb gxbv ZÂ½¨v, wmÜz ZÂ½¨v, wefv ZÂ½¨v, g›`v ZÂ½¨v, kÖveYx ZÂ½¨v, mydjv ZÂ½¨v, wbwe©Rq ZÂ½¨v, wcÖq`k©x ZÂ½¨v, †iYyKzgvi ZÂ½¨v Ges AviI A‡b‡K| hš¿ msMx‡Z- g‡bvR evnv`yi, wecøe eo–qv, cÖ xc evnv`yi|

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 122

ZÂ½¨v‡ì evP¨vbx (RvMibx MxZ)

(1) I I gyqvj¨v jK& I I Ry‡¤§vqvjK& ‡ejvb& n&Av‡jB hvi Svox Di LiK& †hev Nyg mgq _v‡° c_ ai JB †Mjs e¨vK& _yg\ w`b w`b evËb& gvbyBZ& Afve Gj Pvwe SvoZ& gyovZ& hyM hvi AvÜviZ& AvwN Wzwe PzM& _vM‡i Avwg AÜ g‡` fv‡O Rxeb ‡jMvcov b wkwMbvq& mviæev w`K¨v gb\ Ávbx jK&‰jB wgwk _vM wkwMË n&A e¨v°zb AvÜvi Qvwo cn&AiZ& AvBm jvwg AvBm gyAvËzb&\

(2) I I evc fvB jK& I I gv †evBb& jK& gv‡bB Rbg gAv Rbg Rvwb jyev ¸bxËzb& wgQv fzZ †`‡eiv gvwb gyw³ bvB `yMËzb&\ Amv ê`ï †PŠÏ Zvj wkÿv ‡ìb& Rbg& fi& QvMj ïM KzAv Kvwe gy‡j †hes biMi&\ Svov cov `vwj c~Rv Avgv‡i ¸j¨ Qvov Kg©dj cv‡”Pes Avwg Ávbx jMi& Kov\ Rywg©‡j yK&, g‡Ë yK& DevB bvB cveËzb& ‡jMv covq wkwMË n&A `yiZ& _vM g`Ëzb&\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 123

(3) `yK& Kvg Mi Av ‡jMv cov wkM gvbm¨vi myK&-`yK& †`Mi&bx eQ eQ evËb& gvbyBZ evwPes †K‡b fvei&bx\ fvZ iv`& AvB‡Qi& b cvBes evwP ‡`ki& Lei ivMbx ‡Pvj b wgwje, †UOv b wgwje Kvg b wgwje Rvbwb\ Zzwg mveavb n&A cAv b evovbv M wP›`vbx Avj&wmqv b IB yK&-Kvg& ¸Bes evwPevi wP›`v ivM gbvbx\

(4) AvP¨v bq Kvj¨v Kvj¨v bq cyï gAv cyBe GKw`b b †_e msmviZ& wKQz nAv°b¨v Rywg©js B msmviZ\ gv evc gyK cAv fvB †evBb& gyo–g& h‡g AvB wbe Uvwb gvc bvB BËzb& msmvii& gvqv Qvo A›ìZ\ N RvMv m¤§vb ab Rb †UOv cyBmv b wbes j‡M Bqyb AvgbZ& Kbv wgQv ‡jvfZ& cyB, AvwN AÁvbZ&&\ giY Ge Av‡iK¨v mybvg `ybœvg †_B †he wbes j‡M cvc c~Y¨ Rxeb evwË _yg De QvB JB †hes Mvs KzjZ&\

ZÂ½¨v RvwZ - 124


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