Tec Spix y Akinosi 2011

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    SJAMDAG GMJQSQDAG OGMCDNZBG^Samdag cj Qydx " ojms`mdgmg t Gldm`qd

    @NKJSDV@Q

    / ^ja`m`aj~ ~jyg~`q qj`q gmgsoda`q yg~g bg samdag cj Qydx" ojms`mdgmg t cj Gldm`qd/ Zndag~ jqygad`q gmgsoda`q wzj a`oy~jmcjm bgq cdqsdmsgq samdagq gmjqsqdagq/ A`m`aj~ ygq` g ygq` bg samdag gmjqsqdag/ A`m`aj~ b`q fzmcgojms`q cj y`qdnbjq a`oybdagad`mjq

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    SAMDAGQ GMJQSJQDAGQ

    CJ BG OGMCDNZBG

    Sgqg cj xds`;

    Vg~dgad`mjq gmgsodagq cj ~gog ogmcnzbgOgt`~ cjmqdcgc cjb hzjq` ogmcdnzbg~

    Gaajq` bdodsgc` cjb mj~vd` gbvj`bg~ dmfj~d`~Ogt`~ y~`fzmcdcgc cj gezkg yg~g gbagm{g~ mj~vd`q cjmsg~d`q

    Nghb ^- B`agb gmjqshjqdg dm cjmsdqs~t- Gmjqsh Y~`e- >993-Ogbgojc QF- Ogmzgb cj Gmjqsjqdg B`agb- :sg jcdadm Jcds`~dgb Jbqj~vdj~- Ogc~dc Jqygg- >996-

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Bahl%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlushttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Bahl%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlushttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Bahl%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlushttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Bahl%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlushttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Bahl%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus
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    OGMCDNZBG

    Azj~y`^gog

    A`~sdagb `qjg

    ^jyg~`q qj`q gmjqsjqdg

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    OGMCDNZBGAzj~y`

    ^gogA`~sdagb `qjg

    ^jyg~`q qj`q gmjqsjqdg

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    OGMCDNZBGAzj~y`

    ^gogA`~sdagb `qjg

    ^jyg~`q qj`q gmjqsjqdg

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    SAMDAGQ GMJQSJQDAGQ

    CJ BG OGMCDNZBG

    SAMDAG G BG BMEZBG OGMCDNZBG^ (QYDX$

    SAMDAG OJMS@MDGMG

    SAMDAG G N@AG AJ^^GCG (GLDM@QD$

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    / Yg~g y~`ajcdodjms`q cjmsgbjq t wzd~~eda`q y`~ azgc~gmsj/ >9* (>3">*$ sgqg cj f~gagq` 7" >

    / 79/7:* gqyd~gadm y`qdsdvg

    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

    SJAMDAG CD^JASG(y`~ cjbgmsj cj 7j~ o`bg~$

    SJAMDAG DMCD^JASG

    7Ogbgojc QF- Ogmzgb cj Gmjqsjqdg B`agb- :sg JC- >998-> Aj~m Gmc~jg js gb- Zq` cj 7"8ob cj gmjqsjqdg jm jb mj~vd`gbvj`bg~ dmfj~d`~ (Samdag cj Qydx$- ZGAh >979

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    Zqdme 7-8 ob `f gmjqshjqdg dm dmfj~d`~ gbvj`bg~mj~vj (Qydx Sjahmdwzj$

    G~gvjmg Yjc~`+< E`m{bj{ Abgzcd`< Agqsdbb` Vdvdgmg< Aj~m Gmc~jg

    Gdo; S` `nqj~vj shj gmjqshjsda jffjasdvjmjqq zqdme `mbt `mjag~s~dcej (7-8 ob$ `f >* bdc`agdmj udsh 7;799"999 jydmjyh~dmjzqdme shj s~zmagb sjahmdwzj dm `~cj~ s` jxs~gas g ogmcdnzbg~s``sh-

    Ojsh`c; cjqa~dysdvj qszct

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    Tjq

    M`

    *

    ygsdjms(m;6>$

    FjogbjOgbj

    Fde-7 ; yj~ajmsgej `f ygsdjmsq uhj~j gmjqshjqdg ugq jffjasdvj (tjq$ gmc m`s

    jffjasdvj (m`$ f`~ s``sh jxs~gasd`m" nt ejmcj~ zqdme 7-8 ob `f gmjqshjqdg(y;9-39$

    ^jqzbsq;

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    yg~gvjmgIzgah-ab

    A`mabzqd`m;Shj c`qj qh`ujc g hdeh gmjqshjsdajffjas- H`ujvj~" g yj~ajmsgej `f ygsdjmsq (>3*$

    ~jwzd~jc o`~j gmjqshjqdg- Shj~j ugq m` cdffj~jmaj dmjffjas njsujjm ejmcj~ (y 9->7$ gmc fjbs ygdm (y 9-57$-

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    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

    DMCDAGAD@MJQ 7/ Y~`ajcdodjms`q `c`ms`beda`q cj zmg oq cdjmsjq jm zm azgc~gmsj-/ Gmjqsjqdg cj bg oza`qg vjqsdnzbg~ cjb y~doj~ o`bg~ hgadg cjbgmsj-/ Gmjqsjqdg cj bg oza`qg bdmezgb ` jb ydq` cj bg n`ag-

    A@MS^GDMCDAGAD@MJQ/ Dmfjaadm jm jb ~jg cj yzmadm-/ O`~cjcz~g cjb bgnd` ` bg bjmezg-/ S~dqozq/ Cdqfzmadm c`b`~`qg gezcg cj bg GSO

    >9967 S{z/Md Bgd" js gb- Jvgbzgsd`m `f ogmcdnzbg~ nb`al zqdme g qsgmcg~cd{jc ojsh`c" @~gb Qz~ej~t" @~gb Ojcdadmj" @~gbYgsh`b`et" @~gb ^gcd`b`et gmc Jmc`c`ms`b`et V`bzoj 79>" Dqqzj 3" ygejq 36>/368

    SJAMDAG CD^JASG

    http://www.ooooe.net/article/S1079-2104(05)01114-5/abstracthttp://www.ooooe.net/article/S1079-2104(05)01114-5/abstract
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    SJAMDAG; YGQ@QSJAMDAG CD^JASG/ Y`qdadm cjb ygadjmsj cjmsdqsg/ Gyj~sz~g cj n`ag/ Qdsd` cj yzmadm/ Yzms`q cj ~jfj~jmadg; jqa`sgcz~g a`~`m`cjg

    ~gfj ysj~de`ogmcdnzbg~ybgm` `abzqgb

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    Jb f`~gojm ogmcdnzbg~ qj jmazjms~g jm bg y~`tjaadm h`~d{`msgb hgadg gs~qcjb ybgm` cjb ~jn`~cj gbvj`bg~

    Bg jqydmg cj Qydx ` bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~ qj jmazjms~g jm bg y~`tjaadmh`~d{`msgb hgadg gs~q cjb ybgm` `abzqgb cj b`q cdjmsjq cj bg ogmcnzbg

    F`~gojm ogmcdnzbg~

    0

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    Jb f`~gojm ogmcdnzbg~ qj jmazjms~g jm bg y~`tjaadm h`~d{`msgb hgadg gs~qcjb ybgm` cjb ~jn`~cj gbvj`bg~

    Bg jqydmg cj Qydx ` bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~ qj jmazjms~g jm bg y~`tjaadmh`~d{`msgb hgadg gs~q cjb ybgm` `abzqgb cj bgq ydj{gq cjmsg~dgq cj bgogmcnzbg

    F`~gojm ogmcdnzbg~

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    A`qoj Egt Jqa`cg- S~gsgc` cj Ad~zedg Nzagb- Jcd`~dgb @agm j~e`m- >998- Ng~ajb`mg/Jqygg

    SJAMDAG YGQ@Q

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    SJAMDAG; YGQ@Q/ Dms~`czaadm gezkg ~jyg~` qj`/ ^jsd~` 7 oo/ Dmtjaadm 7szn`1 > szn`q3

    QDEM@Q T QDMS@OGQ/ Yj~d c` cj bgsjmadg cj 1 g : odmzs`q

    / Gmjqsjqdg

    SJAMDAG CD^JASG

    1 Ogbgojc QF- Ogmzgb cj Gmjqsjqdg B`agb- :sg Jc- Jcds`~dgb Qj~vdj~ >998-3 Sdog" O- Gmjqsqda`q B`agbjq; Zq` jm @c`ms`b`eg- Jcdad`mjq Zmdvj~qdcgc cj A`majyadm" 744:-

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    SJAMDAG; YGQ@Q

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    SJAMDAG; YGQ@QSJAMDAG CD^JASG

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    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

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    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

    F^GAGQ@

    F~gagq` gmjqsjqda` jm ~jbgadm gb f`~gojm ogmcdnzbg~

    Y`~ jcgc ` ~g{g

    Gzqjmadg a`msgas` qj`

    A`msgas` qj` y~ja`{

    F~gagq` y`~ Dmj~vgadm gaajq`~dg

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    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

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    Samdag g bg bmezbg ogmcdnzbg~

    A@OYBDAGAD@MJQHjogs`og

    S~dqozq

    Yg~bdqdq fgadgb dmczadcgC`b`~

    F~gasz~g cj gezkg

    Gmjqsjqdg ndbgsj~gb0

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    ~jqzbsgc`

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    ~jqzbsgc`

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    >795>996

    Gzs`~dcgc yjqwzdqg qzyzjqsg mjebdejmadg cjcjmsdqsg wzj cjk gezkg jm ogmcnzbg cj mdg

    Fgodbdg cj bg ojm`~ gfjasgcg gazqg g `c`msb`eg cj cjqazdc` ocda`" odjms~gq wzja`mqzbs`~d` gfd~og wzj jb agq` qb` qj cjnd g fgsdeg cj ogsj~dgb" b` wzj dmvjqsdeg~ jbQj~vdad` cj Qgbzc cj Vgbyg~gq`-

    Mj~vd` nzag

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    Mjssj~" F- Gmgs`odg cj agnj{g t azjbb` yg~g @c`msb`e`q- Ogqq m Jcds`~jq- >998

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    F`~gojm t agmgb ojms`mdgm`

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    Cd~jaadm; hgadg g~~dng" gs~q t gfzj~g B`medszc; 3 oo

    F`~gojm cdqsgmadg jwzdcdqsgmsj ~jn`~cj n`~cj ngqdbg~ (7-:ao$ azndj~s` y`~ bg ydjb" jb sjkdc` ajbzbg~ qznazsmj` t jb oqazb`

    s~dgmezbg~ cj b`q bgnd`q- Cd~jaadm gezkg

    Fdem OJ" Eg~dm` ^^- Gmgs`odg @c`ms`bedag Fzmad`mgb j Gybdagcg- >mc jc- Q` Ygzb`; Ygmgoj~dagmg

    F`~gojm ojms`mdgm`

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    Samdag agmgb ojms`mdgm`

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    Zq`q / fzmadm Zndagadm cjmsdqsg G~jgq g gmjqsjqdg~

    Samdag agmgb ojms`mdgm`

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    Mjssj~" F- Gmgs`odg cj agnj{g t azjbb` yg~g @c`msb`e`q- Ogqq`m Jcds`~jq- >998

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    Samdag g n`ag aj~~gcg

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    Zq` jm agq` bdodsgc` cj gyj~sz~g nzagb (s~dqozq$< oga~`eb`qdg< y~`ajcdodjms`q obsdybjq

    Gmjqsjqdg; ~go`q gbvj`bg~ dmfj~d`~ (t qzq ~gogq$< mj~vd` bdmezgb

    G~jgq gmjqsjqdgcgq

    Vjmsgkgq; / samdag qjmadbbg/ n`ag aj~~gcg/ gmjqsjqdg jfdag{ ~gog V1

    Cjqvjmsgkgq; / m` jxdqsj a`msgas` qj`/ samdag g adjegq

    Samdag;/ Zq` gezkg bg~eg/ Dmtjaadm jms~j ~gog cj bg ogmcnzbg t azjbb` >OQ/ Ndqjb hgadg gcjms~`

    Samdag g n`ag aj~~gcg

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    A`qoj Egt Jqa`cg- S~gsgc` cj Ad~zedg Nzagb- Jcd`~dgb @agm j~e`m- >998- Ng~ajb`mg/Jqygg

    Samdag g n`ag aj~~gcgZnd d

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    Zndagadm;8 h`~g~d`- Y`qdadm qzydmg ` qjodcjandsgCjqybg{g~ ojkdbbg gy`tgmc` cjc` jm y~`ajq` a`~`m`dcjq-

    Zndag~ yzms` jms~j ~gog t sznj~`qdcgc cjb ogxdbg~Gmjqsjqdg sydag

    Yjmjs~gadm yg~gbjbg g bg ag~g `abzqgb o`bg~jq qzyj~d`~jq- >:oo- Dmtjaadm 7 szn` gy~`x-

    BZEG^ CJ DMTJAADM0

    Qj b`e~g gmjqsjqdg o`s`~g" y`~ b` wzj cdqodmztj s~dqozq

    Qdms`ogq; h`~odezj` ` jmszojadodjms` bgnd`t bjmezg- Gmjqsjqdg ydj{gq cjmsg~dg

    F~gagq`q;

    Yg~bdqdq cj Njbb< hjogs`og< s~dqozq

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    yg~gvjmgIzgah-ab