Tecnologie elettroniche per la gestione dell’energia su veicolo

8/9/2019 Tecnologie elettroniche per la gestione dellenergia su veicolo

1/14

LAutomotive di oggi e di domani


2/14

ni.com/it

ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR

VEHICLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Roberto Finizio

Centro Ricerche Fiat


3/14

ni.com/it

Outline

Motivations towards activities focused on vehicle energy management

Methodological approach adopted in energy management solutions

Examples of activities oriented towards energy management

Analysis through vehicle electrical balance simulation

Architectures based on rapid prototyping hardware

Conclusions


4/14

ni.com/it

Vehicle Energy Management Motivations

Both legislation and customer buying behavior are driving automotive

OEMs and suppliers to currently devise solutions focused on fuel economy

and CO2 emission reduction.

Recent developments are oriented on:

increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engines,

lightweight construction strategy and sophisticated aerodynamicfeatures of the car body,

energy management of the vehicle electrical power system.

New developments must not affect the other consumers requests such as

style, fun-to-drive, safety and cost.


5/14

ni.com/it

Stand-Alone Approach

Vehicle systems are designed to satisfy performance

and cost target,

ON/OFF control with wide hysteresis guarantees

performance of the specific system,

Lack of methodology to optimize the system control

and to reduce energy request of the vehicle system.

Shared vehicle data among the vehicle sub-systems,

Improved control strategy to reduce fuel consumption

saving the vehicle performances, Estimation of the overall energy generation efficiency,

Replacing mechanical components by electronically-

controlled devices,

Adopting predicting algorithm of vehicle mission.

Integrated Approach

Integratedapproach

Stand-aloneapproach

Vehicle Energy Management - Methodology


6/14

ni.com/it

Wasted fuel energy

70%

Rolling f riction

10%

Aerodynamic

resistance

8%

Brake energy

5%

Drivetrain losses

3%

Electric Auxiliaries

4%

Overview of the energy distribution by different components

(Simulation on NEDC cycle)*

* EE-VERT EU Project 7th Framework Program

70% of energy is lost as engine heat and exhaust gas

30% of energy is available fro propulsion and the electrical net


7/14

ni.com/it

Energy Management Integrated Approach

Target of Fuel Economy

Improvements Target of fuel saving [%]

Oil pump - Variable displacement 1,5

Electronic Thermostat 1,0

Fuel Pump 1,5

Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery 2,0Smart Alternator + Battery 2,0

Fan speed proportional control 0,5

Controllable Vacuum Pump 1,0

Total target Benefit 9,5

About 9% of fuel economy is achievable by means of smart control of electric auxiliaries


8/14

ni.com/it

Fuel pump

Energy Management Technologies

Cooling

Thermostat

Alternator

Starter

Vehicle System Enabling Technology

DC electric motor withon/off control

DC electric motor with fancontrol limited to 1-2 speed

Wax pellet with an on/offmechanical control

Voltage regulator with fixed14V regulation

Conventional startersuitable for manual enginecranking

Motor controller able to modulate themotor speed for more efficient control ofthe pump speed

Enhanced starter that can withstand theincreased number of engine-starts in astop-start vehicle

Motor controller able to modulate themotor speed for more efficient control ofthe fan speed

Electric valve able to control the coolant flowin radiator, bypass and cabin heater circuitsfor enhanced thermal management

Smart voltage regulator for a more efficientgeneration control


9/14

ni.com/it

System functional constraints

Functional safety qualification for road vehicles

Hardware and software diagnosis

Communication interface (bus, wired,) requests

Limited Hardware and software resources

Cost target

The integrated vehicle management approach

Technology requirements

The EM technology must meet:


10/14

ni.com/it

ECU

Fan PWM driver

DiagnosticControl strategies

(engine cooling, freon pressure)Control strategies(soft-start, bus voltage adapt.)

Protections(stalled motor, overtemp, )

Communication interface

Electrical specs

FanConnectors

Case

Harness

Example of EM solution: Engine fan control

External temperature

Engine water temperature

Freon pressure

Engine water temperature

From ON/OFF activation:

Activation speed (1 or 2 level)

To continuos regulation:

Vehicle energetic statusFuel saving due to:

Fan activation based on actual required air flow

High side freon pressure regulation

Freon pressure


11/14

ni.com/it

Vehicle energy and dynamic conditions used to manage alternator generation.

Example of EM solution: smart alternator


12/14

ni.com/it

Dynamic effective simulation of electric load. Direct dynamic approach for regulator control.

Energy management strategy simulation for Smart

Alternator, Stop & Start, By Wire.

ELBA: Tool for analysis of vehicle electric powernet balance

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 70000

50

100

Ialt [A]

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 700024

26

28

30

Vbatt [V]

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

88

89

90

91

[s]

SOC [%]


13/14

ni.com/it

FAST PROTOTYPING ECU

Sensor/Actuator

ECU1Sensor/Acuator

CAN1

LIN

ECU2

Starter

Battery

Electric Load1

Electric Load2

Electric Load3

ECU3

Sensors/Actuators

ECUs

Electric Loads

Architecture based on rapid prototyping hardware:

solutions with NI real-time controllers

ECU4

CAN2

Alternator

Sensor/Acuator


14/14

ni.com/it

Under pressure from legislation and customer buying behavior,automotive OEMs and suppliers are developing solutions focused onvehicle energy management

As far the development of energy management solutions, CRF isadopting an integrated approach able to fill up the lack ofmethodologies in reducing the energy request of vehicle systems

The approach could guarantee up to 9 % of fuel saving in real useand a slight lower improvement on the homologation cycle (NEDC)

Simulation analysis and rapid prototyping hardware are key tools to

accelerate the time-to-market, estimating virtually and demonstrateon-field the maturity of a specific technology

Conclusions

Documents

Tecnologie elettroniche per la gestione dell’energia su veicolo