DDK 911.3:504.054:66(437.1-11) » 82

Teopr« CjiaB^eB KaMeHOB * BEHEJIHH CTOHHOB BacHJieB

B03HEHCTBHE MEJIOBEKA HA OKPnKABtHyB CPEfly B I1JIEBEHCK0M PErHOHE

PaftoH ropona IljieBeaa aaHHMaeT KWKHyio vacTb njieBeacicoft o6jiacTH/$Hr.l/ B cdMOM cepnue HyaaflcKoft paBHHBM B aaxosHTCA nocepenHHe Me*ny pejcoii HyaaeM H EajncaacKHM xpe6TOM. C»na BxoasT ropoa ILneBea, ropon CjiaBHHOBO H 21 nepeBaa. HacejieaHe HacMHTbiBaeT 177 THCJHI jKHTenea, B TOM iHCJie 150 Tbica*i nposaBaio-mnx b ropone rijieBene.

KJiHMaT o6JiacTH cyry6o KOBTHaeHTajibabift r TeMnepaTypa nposB-jiHeT CojibiBHe KOJieOaaHa B TeweBHe rona co cpeaaeronoBbiMH aMruiHTyaaMH 2 4 - 2 5 rpanycoB. BBHny paBBHBoro xaparTepa ofijiacTH c:>ona jierico npoBHKaioT BeTptJ pasHbix aanpaBJieaHft, KOTopue HHorca nocTHraroT cropocTH 2 0 - 3 0 M / c e n . . Tojibico B KIXHOM Koaue paSoaa HaxoaaTcs IlJieBeHCKHe XOJIM(>i, flocTHraioinHe 320 M B paftoae nocejiKa IlejiMmaT. KojiHiecTBO BOB B perHoae oteab H oieab HesaaiHTejjbHoe.

t Okrožen narodni svet, Pleven, Bolgarija «< Ing., Okrožen narodni svet, Pleven, Bolgarija

6r- Slaviev-Kaienov, V. Stojjnor-Visi lt*

^ e p e 3 p e r H O H n p o T e K a e T p e i c a B H T / o 6 m e f t n p 0 T H * E H H 0 C T B K > 1 8 9 KM/ H

M a j i e H t i c H e p e n K H T p H B H u a " h T y M e H H u a " .

riOMBbl O T J l H W a W T C a CBOHM p a 3 H 0 0 6 p a 3 H e M . B C T p e w a i O T C H a j i y B H -

a j i b H o n y r o B b i e H j i y r o B o - 6 o J i o T H b i e , HO n p e o 6 j i a n a i o T < i e p H 0 3 e M H b i e .

Topon njieBeH H ero perHOH npencTaBJiaioT ecTecTBeHHhifl ueHTp 6oJirapo-pyccicoft H Cojirapo-coBeTCKoft npy)K6bi. H3-3a 3Toro ceroflHH ropon HBJiseTca KpynHbiM TypncTHwecKHM ueHTpoM. OnHOBpeMeHHO nne-BeHCKa« očJiacTb oxma H3 caMbix 6ojibmHX B BojirapHH, B ofiJiacTH pasBHTa NPOMBSMUEHHOCTB H cejibcicoe X O 3H H C T B O , TpaHcnopT. Ha Tep-pHTopHH ropona pacn0Ji0weH0 cBbime 100 npennpHSTHH pecny6JiHKaHC-Koro 3HaieHHS. no CpaBHeHHK) C EOBOeHHblMH ronaMH cejlbCK0X03SHCT-BeHHoe np0H3B0ACTB0 yBejiHMHJ!OCb B 3,5 pa3a, a npoMbrauieHHocTb -- B 150 pa3. Onepe*aiofflHMH TeHnaM« pa3BHBa»Tca MamHHOCTpoeHHe, XHMHuecKaa, TeKCTHJibHan, nHBOBapHan npoMbimJieHHOCTH.

3 n e c b C O C P E B O T O M E H A o c H O B H a a w a c T b n p o H 3 B o n c T B e H H b i x <J>OH-

HOB O K p y r a , B T . M . 8 0% C T p o H T e j i b H b i x H 8 0 % n p o M b i m j i e H H b i x , K O T o p b i e

B M e C T e C aBTOMOCHJlbHbIM T p a H C n O p T O M BbI3bIBaK)T 3 B a M H T e J l b H b i e H 3 M e -

H e H H S H n o B p e i K n e H H J ! n p H p o n H b i x s j i e M e H T O B . OueHb c n n b H O B b i p a w e H o

T a r a s e B j i H H H H e M e n o B e K a H a npHponHyw cpeny. H 3 B e C T H O , UTO B MHpOBOM M a C m T a C e B S a H M O O T H O m e H H H Mewny

venoBeKOM h oxpy>itaionieii cpeaoS c KaninbtM I -OBOM C T A A O B H T C A Bce 60-

jiee meKOTnHBofi npoeneMoft. OKpy*aiomaa ueioBeja cpena He sBiiaeTca CTa6HJlbHO0, OHa HenpepbIBHO MeHHeTCH nOfl B03IjeftCTBHeM JKHBWX op-raHH3MOB H npeHMyraecTBeHHo non BJiHHHHeM weJioBeiecKoii neHTenb-HOCTH. Pa3BHTHe HayKH H TeXHHKH HBJIHeTCH TeM (JtaKTOpOM, KOTOpblft caMbiM ocasaTejibHbiM 06pa30M BO3ne0CTByeT Ha npHpony. OieHb 6UCT-

po MH(J> H "HeHC«iepnaeMOCTH"ocHOBHbix K0Mn0BeHT0B npHponbi - B 0 3 n y -

xa, Bona, noMBbi - pacceHBatoTca H ceronHH npočneMa "HejibBeK H npnpoaa" cTaHOBHTca oco6o Ba»Hoft B perHOHanbHOM, HauHOHanbHOM H MHPOBOM MacmTa6e.

3ia npofineMa B IUieBeHCKoft o6jiacTH penaeTCH B C O O T B S T C T B H H

c rocyaapcTBeHHoa nojiHTHKofl H cneuH$HHecKHMH ycjioBHHMH perHOHa. HOCTHRHYTBI onpeneneHHbie ycnexn, noKasuBaioniHe, WTO Bu6paHHbift nyrb - BepHtifi, HO O N H O B P E M E H H O cjienyeT noniepKHyTb , I T O HOBbie

SKOJiortmecKHe npoCjieMhi perHOHa BOSHHKČUOT 6ucTpee, weM pemaioTCJi CTapue npo6jieMhi. 3K0JI0RH<IECKHE npo6JieMbi BOSHHKSIOT B OCHOBHOM

3a c^ieT 6ucTporo pa3BHTHH ropoaa IlJieBeHa H p e m o H a , eonbmofi KOHueHTpauHH KpynHtJX npoMbimjieHHbix npennpHHTHfi, HHTOHCHBHOPO Ha pacTaHHH aBTOMo6HjibHoro FLBHUTEHHA. Taic Kajc B npomjioM HeKOTOpbie 9KOJiorHwecKHe npo6jieMbi pemajiHCb MeaJieHHo, HecsoeBpeMeHHO H He-KOMnneKCHO, ceft^ac TpyHHO JIHKBHaHpOBaTb OTCTaBaHHH H 3JieMeHTbI OKpyataK>®eii cpeabi noBBepraioTca nocTOHHHbtM HSMeaeHHHM H noBpeatae-HHHM.

Bo3nyx perHOHa H, npeatae Bcero, ropoaa njieBeaa noscajibHG 3arpH3HeH. OCHOBHEJMH sarpasHHTejiHMH HBJIHIOTCJI npoMbinuieHHOCTb, TpaHcnopT, 6biTOBue OTXOHS»I. CpenH npoMbinuieHHbuc sarpasBHTejieS cjieayeT OCO6O BbiaejiHTb ueMeHTHbiS saBoa H M.BnaaHMHpa SaHMOBa, KepaMH^ecKHii 3aBoa HM. nepBoro Mas, CTajiejiHTeftHbift saBoa, iyry-HOJiHTeftHbi« 3aBon, T P 3 C H acifiajibTOBbie easu.

UeMeHTHufl sason sarps3HHeT aTMOC(|>epy, B OCHOBHOM, nbuibio. CTeneHb sarpa3HeHHa onpeaejmeTCH COCTOHHHGM coopyateHHft nnsi O I H C -

TKH R A 3 0 B OT RAJJIH B xone TexHOJiorH»jecKoro npouecca. HHoraa sa-Boa paeoTaeT npn BbiKJiKmeHHbjx $HjibTpax H Torna BbiaejiaeMbie B aT-MociJ)epy ra3tj HecyT 6ojibmyio KOHueHTpauHio nojieBbix TIACTHU, KOTO-

pue BbinaaaioT, B OCHOBHOM, B pailoHe CTOprosH«. BonbmHM sarpas-HHTejieM HBjraeTca ^iyryHHOJiHTežHbift 3aBoa. 3necb CHTyauHa ycyry-čnaercH aByMa <j>aitTopaMH. Bo-nepBbix, saBoa pacnojiomeH B iepTax ropoaa. Bo-BTopbix, saBoa CTpoHJica B 1956 roay H ero coopyweHHa HBJIAIOTCA <t>H3HMecKH H MopajibHO ycTapejibiMH. B xoae fiejnpepbiBHoro TexHOjjorHMecKoro npouecca B03ayx 3arpa3HaeTca nbiJibio H rasoM C O .

AHajiorHiecicaa CHTyaijHa cicjiaabiBaeTca H B paftoae lcepaMHMec-Koro saBoaa HM.nepBoro Maa. E r o npoH3BoacTBeHHbie <J>OHBI>I rajate MopajibHO ycTapejiH, CTeneHb aMopTHsauHH cBbnne 85% H STO Kaca-eTca Taiene o^HCTHt>ix coopy«eHHft. 3aBoa sarpasHaeT aTMOC$epy B

OCHOBHOM caateil, nbiJibio H asyoKHCbK) c epu 06o6neHHbie aaHHbie npoMbimjieHHoro 3arpasHeHHH nbiJibio nosa-

3biBa»T CTa6H^H3auHio, HO, K co*ajieHHio, Ha y p o B H e 1,7 p a s a 6o-jiee BUCOKOM, ieM npeaejibHO aonycTHMbie KOHueHTpauHH.

ABT0M06HJ1bHblfi Tpa<J>HK HBJIHeTCH BTOpblM/nOCJie npOMbimjieHHOCTH/

no CTGMeHH 3arpH3HeHHH B03nyxa $aKTopoM, a B oTneJibHbie Mecnuhi

r o a a OH BMXOHHT Ha nepBoe MecTO• 3TO CJiyHaeTCH, B OCHOBHOM, jie-TOM B BHfly Cojlbinofi HHTeHCHBHOCTH Tpa$HKa H 3arpH3HeHHfl flOpOWHbIX

noJiOTeH. HapacTaHHe aBTOKo6HJibHoro napKa B ropone no ypoBHH 3 0

TbicHv aBT0M06HJieii npHBeno K yBejiHieHHK> myMOBoro sarpsaHeHHH. B paMicax EnHHoft HauHOHajibHOH CHCT6MW C 1 9 7 4 rona B ropone IlJieBeHe npoBOHHTCH Ha6J iwneHHH 1 8 nyHKTOB: M a r H C T p a j i H , n e p e K p e c T K H H yjiH-Ubi c noBbimeHHUM ypoBHeM myMa. BbiJio y c T 3 H O B JIEHO ,,WTO B i e p T a x ro-pona ecTb 1 0 y j i H u , HA KOTOPUX myM n o c m r a e i 7 0 HB np« HopMe

6 0 nB. yBejiH^ieHHe iHCJia HtHTejieii ropona H perHOHa, pacmHpeHHe

C T p O H T e J l b C T B a , T p a H C n o p T a H npOH3BOHCTBeHHbIX $OHflOB npHBOBHT H

K HenpepuBHOMy HapacTaHHio KOJiH^ecTBa noTpe6^aeMo8 BOflbi ann 6bi-TOBHX H xo3Hi*CTBeHHbix u e j i e f t .

OxpaHa MHCTOTBI BOHHhix 3 a n a c o B , HX p a u H O H a j i b H o e Hcnojib30Ba-HHS CTaHOBHTCH B c e 6 o j i e e BaiKHbiM. H a p a c T a H H e n 0 T p e 6 H 0 C T e H B B o a e

x p e 6 y e T pacKpbiTH« H y c B o e H H H HOBSJX HCTOMHHKOB, y B e J i H < i e H H o r o

n o j i b 3 0 B a H H H nonseMHbix BOH, HAJIAATHBAHHA CHCTemi u H K J i H n e c K o r o B O -

flocHa6weHHa nJifl n p o H 3 B o n c T B e H H b i x H y * n H, B n e p B y i o O M e p e j j b , -

- c o x p a H e H H S WHCTOTU 30H CSOPICH BONU H BOi3Hbix 6 a c c e f t H O B .

K coatajieHmo, KapTHHa ceft^iac noBOJibHO Tamejian: BCJiencTBHe cjiHBa B peKy BHT OTXOBHbix BOH 4 0 npennpHHTHft, a Taoce 6HTOBO-

$HKajibHbix Bon, pesa BTesaeT B perHOH 2 KaTeropHH no 3arpa3HeHHM, a BbiTeKaeT yme TpeTbeft KaTeropHH. Bbine HopMbi Tarae noKa3aTejiH KaK OKHCJiaeMOCTb, KOJiHwecTBO aMMnaKa H cepoBonopona, a HHorna H conepwaHHe He<J)TenponyKTOB. H o CHX nop He ycTaHOBJieHO HajiH-<iHe TaKHX 3arpH3HHTejiefl, KaK $eHOJTbi, MapraHeu, xpoM H Taatejibie MeTaji^hi.

KpoMe CTO^Hbix BOB npoMbimjieHHbix npennpHHTHft H r o p o n c K O f l Ka-HaJlH3aUHH BOHHbie 6aCCe0Hbl 3arpS3HH!0TCH Tarae 6bITOBbIMH H npOMblffl-

JieHHblMH OTXOflaMH, TpaHCnOpTOM H TKHBOTHOBOIICTBOM. T o p o f l HCnOJIb"

3 y e T KaK n e n o JUTA c 6 o p K H 6bITOBbIX H npOMbIIIIJieHHblX OTXOUOB KOTJIO-

BAH C T a p o r o K a p b e p a , HO TaM He 6biJio n p o B e n e H o HHKaKiix n o n r o T O -

B H T e j i b a b i x MeponpHHTHfi H c e i t e a c c y m e c T B y e T p e a j i b H a a o n a c a o c T b ,

TITO B 6yaymeM STOT KOT JIOBSH 6yaeT 3arpa3HHTejieM peKH. H 3 - 9 a He3$$eKTHBHOfl OpraHHSailHH n p « 0 6 p a 6 0 T K e 6blTOBbIX K

a p y r n x OTXOBOB, a Taioice ywHTbisaa noHH*eHBbift K o s T p o j i b , H H o r a a c j i y -

t i a e T C H , MTO T B e p s H e OTXOBN B H C p a c b i B a i o T c a Ha O e p e r - a BoiiHbix 6 a c -

c e l i H O B .

OKOJIO 70% npoMbanjieHHfcuc n p e n n p H a T H S nojibsoBajiKCb n K T b e s o f t

BOBOS fljiH n p o H 3 B o n c T B e H H b i x uejieft, H TOJibKO Ha T p e x s a c o j j a x B B e -

neHbl 060p0THbie CHCTeMbl BOHOCHa6«eHHH. 3eMJIH HBJIHeTCH OMeHb SajKHbIM peCypCOM BJIH Ka*BOft CTpaHbi, o c -

HOBoft ramaoR lejioBe^ecKoa neaTejibHocTH, HCTOIHKKOM Ma?epHajib-HWX 6 j i a r . E e coxpaHeHHe, n o a a e p * H B a H H e n o M s e H H o r o n j ioaopoaaa ceroaHH cTaHOBHTca 0 6meweji0Be»jecK0S s a f i o T o f t . npo6Jiexa o x p a H u 3eMjiH H n o i B e H H o r o njioaopoaHH B p e r H O H e He OTJiHHae-rca OT npo6-jieM a p y r n x perHOHOB cTpaHta .

0CHOBHMMH 3arpa3HHTejlHMH nO*IBB! aBJIHJOTCa 6bITOBbie H npOMbffll-JieHHhie OTXOBbl, CTOMHbie BOBbl H r a 3 b l , XHMH3aUHa C e j i b C K O r O X03Hft-CTBA, Boanaa H BeTpoBaa 3ppo3Ha. Kaambia r o a r o p o a njieBeH a u 6 p a -ctJBaeT CBume 200 Tbica^i TOHH OTXOBOB C TeHaeHUHeft K HapacTaHHio

HecMOTpa Ha rocyaapcTBeHHyio CHČTeMy c 6 o p a 0 T X 0 a 0 B . Kaamufi r o a

B p e r H O H e sarpasHaioTca 5 0 - 6 0 aesapoB aeMJiH H BJIH OUHCTKH STOA

TeppHTopHH pacxoaywTca OKOJIO 80 racati jieBOB. BcjieacTBHe 3 a r p a s -HeHHa ueMeHTHofl nbijibio B paftoHe UEMESTBORO s a B o a a HM.3aHMOBa HA

TeppHTopHH OKOJIO 1000 aeKapoB ypoacaft a a 30% Hume c p e a H e r o . Opo-meHHe BoaaMH peKH B H T a / B B H a y 3 a r p a 3 H e H « H B O B U / aaeT Ha 19% M e H b m e ypoiraa n o cpaBHeHHio c opomeHHeM MHCTUMH BOAAMH.

OueHb cepbe3HoS npoCjieMoii aJia IlJieBeHCKoro perHOHa HBJiaeT-ca BeTpoBaa aposna no<iBbj/ 28% noMB noaBeprHyra seTpoBoft H 60% BoaHoft sposHaM/. KaK yme 6WJIO c K a s a s o , perHOH xapaKTepH3yeTCH KOHTHHeHTajibHbiM KJiHMaTOM. B r o p o a e IljieBeHe 6 bi JI a saperHCTpHpoBa-Ha caMaa BbicoKaa no CTpaae TeMnepaTypa/43°C/ . BeceHHHe 3 a c y x x npoBOJDKHTejibHocTbio cBbime 20 aaefl aosojibHo «iacToe aBJieBHe. 3 a c y -XH conpoBomaaioTca yc*HjieHHoa BeTpoBoft aeaTejibHOCTbK). HHSKOCTe-6ejibHaa pacTHTejibHOCTb Taiate cnoco6cTByeT BeTpoBOfi B BOHHOS

spo3HH. ycHJieHHaa BeTposaH aposna Haemouanacb s 1970 ,1972 ,1984

r o n a x , HO MAKCHMYMU 6binH B 1 9 7 5 H 1 9 8 3 r o n a x , K o r j a a c s o p o c T b

B e T p a a o c T H r a j i a 3 0 M / c e K . B 1 9 8 3 r o a y y 6 b i T K H p e r n o n a p a B H H j i H C b

5 MHJlJIHOHaM J i e B O B .

3na<jeHHe j i e c O B H nocTOHHHOfi pacTHTenbHOCTH He M o n e T o c T a -

B 2 T B C H B CTOpOHe OT npo6JieM OXpaHbI H BOCCTaHOBJieHHH npHpOflHOfi

cpeflbi. He06X0HHM0 ycKopeHHbtMH TeMnaMH ysenHHHBaTb s e n e H o e 6 o -

raTCTBO p e r H O H a . 3 T O C T S H O B H T C H o^eHb B A I H O « 3 a n a w e 8 , eciiH HMSTfa

BBHny, 1TO TOJibKO s a nocneflHHe 3 5 neT OKOJIO 2 5 % necHoro noKpoBa

npeBpaTHjiHCb B c e m c x 0 x 0 3 H ( i c T B e H H b i e y r o f l b a , a CBbin ie 1 0 0 TNCHH

a e s a p o B j iyroB npeBpaTHjiHCb B naxoTbi. HHKe Heo6xoflHMbix TpefiOBa-

HH<5 3 a 6 0 T a o P A C T H T E J I B H O C T H B cymecTByioniHX napxax/Kaft j ibiKa, C K O -

6 e n e B , flpaT, r a 6 p o B e u / , MeaneHHO c 0 3 a a e T c a " s e j i e H a s c a c T e M a "

OKOJIO ueHTpa oKpyra. B r o j j b i n o č n e 9 . 9 . 1 9 4 4 r o n a H o c o f i e H H O B n o c n e n H e e n e c a T H J i e -

T H e H C X O f l H H 3 n O J I O K e H H H O r a p M O H H H H O M p a 3 B H T H H B 3 a H M O O T H O f f l e H H $

M e » n y c S m e c T B O M H n p H p o f l o f t , B H a p o f l H O S p e c n y 6 J i H K e E o n r a p H H n p o -

B O f l H T C a ^eTKHfl K y p c C O t j e T a H H H H H T e H C H B H O r O p a 3 B H T H J I H a p O f l H O r O

X 0 3 H f i C T B a H B O C n p O H 3 B O B C T B a n p n p O f l H O f t c p e f l b i . H 3 B e C T H O , liTO B

B o n r a p H H n p H H a T b i 3 a K O H b j n o n r o c p o ^ H o r o n p H p o n o s a n i H T H o r o x a p a K T e p a .

BKnanbiBaioTCH H e o 6 x o n H M b i e c p e n c T B a nna n o s T a n H o r o p e m e H H a s a n a u H

o x p a H t j H BocnpoH3BoacTBa O K p y w a j o i n e 0 c p e f l b i . T o n b K O B n o c n e n H K n o

n H T H n e T l t y o c s o e H b i 6 o n e e , n e M 4 0 MHJIJIHOHOB n e B O B n n a y n y i m e H H H

COCTOHHHH B O J I b i , B 0 3 f l y x a H n O M B b l .

PeanHsoBaHbi pan MeponpHHTHft B nneBeHCKOM perHOHe ana yMeHb-nieHHa 3arpa3HeHHa B03nyxa H myMOBOii a rpeccHH. B H c n o n s e H n e sajsa-HHa 06 oCecnbinHBaHHH ueMeHTHoro 3aBoaa HM.3aHMOBa BbineneHbi 4 , 8

MHnnHOHOB neBOB - ycTaHaBnKBaeMMe nononHHTenbHbie coopyjKeHHa Ha 85% CHH3HJIH sanbineHHOCTb B03nyxa. npaKTH^ecKH, npeocTanoBHnca Bbi6poc 3arpa3HHTeneft B03nyxa B paiiOHe ac<J>anbTOBbix ea3.

n o M e p e c o s n a H H a n e m e x o f l H b i x SOH B r o p o j i a x I l n e B e H H C n A B H H O -

B O a B T O M o č H n b H b i H T p a $ H K B b i m e n s a q e p T b i u e H T p a r o p o n a , a n o č n e

OKOHMABHH CTpoftKH ceBepHoro o6xona ropona nneeeHa 3HawHTenbHo

y M e H b m H J ! c a TpaH3HTHbift N O T O K ABTOMOFIHNEA B H a n p a B n e H H H Co<J>Ha-

-BapHa iepes ropon, *iTO,KOHe«iHO, cnoco6cTBOBano CHH»eHHH> 3arpas-

HeHHK) H myMa B ueHTpe r o p o n a .

H o B a a C H T y a u H a n p H pemeHHio n p o 6 n e M H sarpasaeHHa H m y M a B

njieBene BosHHKJia no Mepe co3naH«s Tpojuieft6ycHoro T p a n c n o p T a . O i H -

T a e x c a , m o n o c j i e 0 K 0 H H a H H a T p e T b e r o 3 T a n a y p o B e a b m y M a C H H 3 H J I C H

Ha 25%. OnHOBpeMeHHO npoBonaTca MeponpnaTH« no peKOHCTpyKUHH p a -

n a VJ IHU H n e p e K p e c T K O B , VITO T O » e HOJIIKBO C N O C O S C T B O B A T B o s n o p a B -

j i e H H i o K J i H M a T a r o p o n a .

E b i j m npHHHTbi A B E nporpaMMbi n o oxpaHe oicpy<Kajoiae8 cpenbi H , B

COOTB6TCTBHH C 3THM, COSflaHU 1 5 CTaHlIHft O V H C T K H HA 3 A B O H A X H

Ha ceJibCK0X03a8cTBeHHbix o6i .eKTax H 20 wecTHNx OMHCTHMX coopyate-

HKfi .

PerHOH njieBeHa MOsteT ropnHTbca CTaHuaeii O I H C T K H cTOMHbix

B O B , nocTpoeHHoft na H e $ T E X H M H I E C K O M KOMCHHaTe. B Te^eaHe verbi -

pex j ieTHero nepnona 3KcnjiyaTauHH CTaHiiHH OHa p a 6 o i a j i a HaaeatHo, a

nojioBHaa 0<iHmeHH0ft Bonti Bosapamaj iacb B o6opoTHyio CHCTeMy.

OTHocHTejibHbift BKjian ouHiiieHHbix Bon B perHOHe njieBeHa nocTHr

73% npH cpenHeM no BojirapHH 54%.

B 6ynymeM r o n y 6yneT cnana B 3KcnjiyaTauHio IToponcKaa craBUHs

O S H C T H H CTOMHBIX BOH TOpOJia njieBeHa CTOHMOCTbK) 1 8 MHJIJ1HOHOB J i e B O B .

B C O O T B S T C T B H H c npHHHTofl nporpaMMoS 3HawHTeJibHaa i a c T t npoMfana-

jieHHbix npennpHaTHft nocTponjiH HJIH C T P O H T coCcTBeHHue cncTeMbi nJia

BonocfiopKH: nocTpoeHbi 79 KOJionueB, a no KOHua 1987 r o n a 6yneT cnaH B 3KcnjiyaTauHK> nonojiHHTejibHbift BononpoBon r o p o n a njieBeHa Mom-

HOCTblO 4 0 0 J l / ceK CTOHMOCTbK) 1 0 MHJIJ IHOHOB JieBOB . C O S N A H H E C H C T e M b l

o6opoTHoro BonocHafiJueHHa Ha cTeicjionyBHOM s a B o n e npHBejio K SKOHC-

MHH 1576 Ky60MeTp0B Bonu B r o n H Cbiji noKasaH nyTb nJia KpynHbix

noTpe6HTejieii Bonbi: KOHcepBHoro 3 a B o n a , nHBOBapHoro 3 a B 0 n a , s a B 0 -

n a "CToprosHa" H T . n . .

MHorocTopoHHaa p a 6 o T a 6bijia nponejiaHa B nocjienHHft naTHJieT-

HHfl nepnon B HanpaBJieHHH oxpaHbi S E M J I H K A K p e c y p c a H yjiyqmeHHH

e e riJionoponHa. CosnaHa 6 a 3 a nJia coxpaHeHHa necTHUHnoB, KOTopaa Ha

95% BunojiHaeT TpeCoBaHHa caMbix B U C O K H X CTaHnapTOB. B c e 6ojibme

orpaHHMHBaeTca HcnojibsOBaHHe B ceJibCKOM xosai iCTBe u e n o r o p a n a

anoBHTbix npenapaTOB H H X S A I T E H A 6 N O J I O R H I E C K H M H a K T H B H h i M H B e -

mecTBaMB. Taxaa 3amHTa 6ujia npoBeneHa Ha TeppHTopHH 205 Tucay neicapoB. KpoMe Toro, HcnojibSOBaHHe seMJiH n.na He3eM.nenejib*iecKHX ueneA yMeHbmHJiocb B TpH pasa H 6U J I H BOCCTaHOBJienu 275 neKapoB seMJiH, ROTOpue paHee HenojibsoBajiHeb flJia icapbepHux uejieft.

O c o 6 o e B H H M a H H e H e c 6 x o n H M O y a e j i H T b o n p e n e j i e H H i o S K O J i o r o c o o -

5 p a 3 HBLM a r p O T e X H H « e C K H M MepOrTpHHTHHM H a O C H O B e K O M n j i e K C H O f l

OUfiHKH < J > O T O C H H T e T H < i e C K O i i C O J I H e i H O f t p a f l H a U H H , a T a K » c e <J>a3 p a 3 B H -

THH C e j l b C K 0 X 0 3 H f i C T B e B H b I X K y j I b T y p B T e ^ e H H e p a 3 H b I X C e S O H O B . n p H -

M e H e s H e n H < j > $ e p e H U H p o B a H H o r o B H O c a y n o 6 p e H H f t , HanpaBJieHHoro H a

o r p a H H M e H H e C M b i B a a s o T a c n o M B b i B n o n s e M H u e B o n u H n p e n o T B p a r a e -

H H e H H T p a T H o r o 3 a r p a 3 H e H H H , T a r a t e a B J i a i o T c a u a c T b i o M e p o n p H H T H f t

n o o x p a H e n p H p o n H o f t c p e n u .

B 6opb6e c noMBeHHoft sposneit npHMeHHioTCH 6e30TBanbHue 06-paOoTKH noMBu, npHMofl noces, MHHHMajibHaa noBepxnocTHaa o6pa6ox-sa H np. . EateronHO o^HmaioTca OKOJIO 5 0 - 6 0 neKapoB pa3Hux TeppH-TopHfi, jryroB OT Bcaicoro 0TX0na.

C T p a T e r H u e c K H M H a n p a B J i e H H e M B oxpaHe npnponHoft cpenu H B -

naeTca uenecoo6pa3Hoe HcnojibSOBaHHe npoMum.neHHUX 0TX0n0B BHen-p e H H e M 6e30TxonHux T e x H o n o r H f t . B n j i e B e n c i c o M p e r H O H e ywe B B e n e -

HU B n e i i c T B H e 3 8 6 e 3 0 T x o n H u x TexHOJiorHft, n o 3 B o n a » n i H X Hcn0Jib30-B A H H E OKOJIO 3 0 0 TUCHM T O H B O T X O D O B .

B u c T p u f t 3 K O B O M H * i e c K H f t n o f l b e M npHBeji H K o n p e n e J i e B B U M S K O -

n o r H n e c K H M n p o f i j i e M a M . P a 3 y M H u f l n o n x o n napTHiiHoro H r o c y n a p c T B e H -

Boro p y K 0 B 0 n c T B a p e r H O H a n o s B O J i n j i H n o c T H r H y T b o n p e n e J i e H H u x y c -

n e x o B . B u m e n e p e n H C J i e H H u e M e p o n p H a T H H n o o 6 e c n u j i H B a H H K H a u e -

M e H T H O M s a B o n e , B B e n e H H e Tpojiefl6ycHoro TpancnopTa, y j i y M m e H H e

O p r a H H 3 a U H H a B T 0 M O 6 H J I b H O r O n B H S t e H H H B B J i a i O T C H n p H M e p a M H T a K O H

n o j i H T H K H r K O T o p a a n p H B e n a K y M e H b m e H H i o a T M O C $ e p H o r o H n y M 0 B 0 r 0

3 a r p a 3 H e H H f i B r o p o n e I U i e B e H e . 3 n e č b B e 0 6 x 0 n H M 0 O T M e T H T b , U T O B

T e i e a H e n o c j : e n H H x 5 J i e T B u n e n e H O B n B a p a s a 6 o j i b m e c p e n c T B n a

o x p a H y H o ^ H C T K y B O B U / H O c p a B H e H H i o c n p e n u n y m e 0 n a T H J i e T K o S / .

n o č n e B B e n e H H a B C T p o f t r o p o n c K o f i c T a H U H H O M H C T K H B O H U H e m e 4

M e C T H U X O H H C T H U X C O O p y w e H H H p e i c a a H . ! B O C C T a H O B H T C B O a B O p M a j I b -

HBLH p e * H M .

Oco6oe BHHMaHHe yneJieHO pasBHTMio 6es0TX0flHHX TexH0Ji0mft, a Tarase MajiooTxonHbix TexaoJiorHft. BaenpeaHe T € X H O J I O P H H j j j ia p e r e -HepauHH <f>opMOBo*2Hbix cMeceft Ha CTajiejiHTeftHOM saBozte, ycTaaoaiCH nna cymKH Ha nTHi]eKOH6HHaTe, HcnojibsoBaaHe ocanicoB B npoHSBoncT-Be KHpnHMa H T . H . aBjiaioTca npHMepaMH npaB0MepH0CTM 3 K O E O I 4 H M G C -

Koro no«xona K oxpaHe H BocnpoH3BoacTBy npHpoaHofl cpenti .

KoHeuao, He Bce npofineMbi MM c t t o r j i a ynoMaayTb, H e K O T o p t j e H S

HHX pemaioTcs B HacToanaft M O M G H T . C a a u a j i a 1987 r o n a B C T y n a j i a B

U E F I C T B H E KOMNJIEKCHAA n p o r p a M M a o x p a a u H B o c n p o a s B o n c T B a r i p a p o n -

aoft cpenu, KOTopaa 6yneT aeftcTBOBaTb no 1990 rona. ByneT npo-nojuiaTtca B B e n e a H e MeponpHHTHft no pacmapeaioo Tpojie86ycaoro T p a a c n o p T a , no o 6 e c n b i j i H B a a i u o TexBcuiorHH u e M e a T a o r o s a s o n a • c r a -

jiejiHTeftaoro 3aBona. njiaaHpyeTca nepeesn i y r y a a o j i H T e f t H o r o s a B o n a

3 a ^epTy r o p o n a . ByneT pacmHpaTbca Tenji04>HKauM0Baaa ceTb - Mepo-npHHTHe, KOTopoe Toace npaBeneT K yMeabmeHHio saimneaH« Bosnyxa . flajibHeftmHe M e p o n p a a T H a n o O I H C T M CTO« I H B I X BOH B NPOMBNNJIEABOCTH

H Ha cejibCKOxo3aftCTBeaabix <j>epMax, a lacse BBeneaHe o6opoTaoro B o n o c a a 6 i R e a a a Ha KOHcepBHOM KOM6HBare, H a M a m H H O C T p o H T e j i b B O M 9 a -

Bone H aa miBOBapHOM saBone BKJNCRAEHBI B K O M N J I E K C H Y » nporpaMMy.

Ha ocHOBe c e p b e s H b i x accjienoBaaHft KOJiHvecTBa H KaiecTBa OTXOnOB npOH3BOnCTBa npOflOJIIKHTCH BHenpeHHe HOBbOC TeXHO,nOrHfl, 3annaHHpoBaabi 5 MHJI J IHOBOB jieBOB nJia HOBS>IX TexHOJioraft, m, b p e -3yjibTaTe, ae TOJibKO coxpaaHTca iHCTOTa oicpymaK>nieft cpenu, HO H oatanaeTca SKOBOMH^ecKHA 3<J>$eicT B pasMepe 2 , 5 MHJI J IHOBOB JieBOB B

r o n .

fljia 6opb6bi c 3po3Hefl njiaHHpyioTca MeponpHaTaa, Koropue o6ecnewaT coxpaHaocTb OKOJIO 40% TeppHTopHft, nonBeprsyTbix 3po3H«. B nonojiaeHHe K 3TOMy paspafioTaHbi a cjienyioniHe MeponpaaTHH B C E J I B C K O M X O 3 A S C T B E :

- pe3Koe coKpameHHe KOJiHnecTBa ynoTpe6jiaeMbix necTHuanoB; - onTHMajibHoe acnojibsoBaBHe asoTHCTbix yno6peHHft; - BHenpeHHe 6HojiorHMecKHX MeTonoB nna 6opb6u c BpenaTejiaMH.

yuHTbiBaa Heo6xonHMOCTb pesicoro y s e JiH^eHHa o6pa6axbiBaeMoft 3eMJiH, B cjienywfflHe ronu 6ynyT cosnaBaTbca nojie3aisHTHbie n o a c a , K o -

Topbie pe3KO y M e H b m a T B e T p o B y » 3 p o 3 H H > H O n H O B p e M e H H O 6ynyT c o -

n e f l c T B O B a T b y j i y w m e H H K > r u i o j j o p o f l H H H K j i H M a T a . B o K M a T H « e c K O M

H a n p a B j i e H H H n n a H H p y i o T c a T a r a e M e p o n p H H T H H n o y c T p o f t C T B y n a p K O B

B w e p T a x r o p o n a H B M e c T a x O T n u x a . K 1 9 9 0 r o a y j i e c H a s * T e p p H T O -

pHH y B e j i H i H T C f l B 1 , 5 p a 3 a .

B y a e T c o B e p m e H C T B O B a T b C H $ o p M a p y K O B O f l C T B a H K O H T P O J I H B

B n e n e n o o x p a H e n p H p o f l b i , 6 y n e T B H e n p a T b C H 0 6 m e c T B e H H 0 - r 0 c y -

a a p c T B e H H o e H a ^ a j i o n p « ocymecTB.neHHH n p H p o j j o 3 a m H T H b i x M e p o n p n a -

T H f t . r i 0 3 T 0 M y , K o r n a o6oywflaioTCH B o n p o c b i n o o x p a H e n p H p o a t j , B c e

Mbi o 6 H 3 a H b i x p a H H T b e e , y c T p a H H T b H e r a T H B H b i e n o c j i e f l C T B H S w e n o B e -

u e c K o f i n e H T e i i b H o c T H . B c e MH o 6 a s a H b i n e p e n a T b n p H p o n y r p s m y m H M

noKoneHHsiM 6onee MHCTOS, 6ojiee nponyKTHBHoft, 6oJiee npHBJieicaTejib-HOft H O n T H M a j I b H O H HJIH 3KH3HH H j a e H T e j I b H O C T H .

6. Slaučev-Kasenou „ U. Stojanov-Uasilev

Upliv čloueka na žiul^njsko okolje u plevenski regiji

Povzetek

V referatu so predstavljene nekatere oblike negativnih vplivov človekovih dejavnosti na življenjsko okolje na prineru plevenske regije.

Med akutnejše probleme sodi vsekakor onesnaževanje zraka z emisija-mi cementarne, kemične industrije pa tudi gostega avtomobilskega prometa. Vse pomembnejše postaja tudi varovanje tekočih voda, kjer je najbolj onesnažena reka Vit. Na onesnaževanje prsti vplivajo promet, industija, odpadne vode pa tudi uporaba kemičnih sredstev v kmetijstvu. Velik problem pa predstavlja še eolska erozija, ki se kaže na 28 % vseh površin regije ln vodna erozija na 60 %.

V Bolgariji Je bil sprejet dolgoročni plan varovanja okolja in v zadnji petletki so za te akcije porabili že 40 milijonov levov ( za izboljšanje kvalitete voda, zraka in prsti). V Bolgariji danes čistijo že B4 % odpadnih voda, v Plevnu pa kar 73 %, kažejo se tudi tendence po zmanjševanju uporabe pesticidov, največ pa so dosegli na izboljšavah v industrijski produkciji, kjer težijo k uvajanju brezodpadne tehnologije.