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some basic informations about Textile composite and about its classifications
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Mushtaq 木塔
西
What is Composite Material? Any combination of two or more different
materials at the macroscopic level. OR
Two inherently different materials that when combined together produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent materials. ◦ Reinforcement phase (e.g., Fibers)◦ Binder phase (e.g., compliant matrix)
The use of natural composite materials has been a part of man's technology since the first ancient builder used straw to reinforce mud bricks.
Israelites' use of chopped straw in their brick
The Egyptian sarcophagi fashioned from glued and laminated wood veneer and also their use of cloth tape soaked in resin for mummy embalming
The Mongol warriors' high-performance, recurved archery bows of bullock tendon, horn, bamboo strips, silk and pine resin, which are 80% as strong as our modern fibreglass bows
Chinese bamboo rockets reinforced with rope wrappings
Japanese Samurai swords formed by the repeated folding of a steel bar back on itself
The early fabrication of steel and of iron gun barrels in Damascus
Roman artisans' use of ground marble in their lime plaster, frescoes and pozzolanic mortar.
Applications◦ Automotive ◦ Marine◦ Civil engineering◦ Space, aircraft and military◦ Sports
Classifications according to: Matrices
Polymer Thermoplastic Thermoset
Metal Ceramic Others
Classifications Fibers
Length short fiber reinforced continuous fiber reinforced
Composition Single fiber type Hybrid
Mechanical properties Conventional Flexible
◦ Advantages High strength to weight ratio High stiffness to weight ratio High fatigue resistance No catastrophic failure Low thermal expansion in fiber oriented
directions Resistance to chemicals and environmental
factors
◦ Disadvantages Good properties in one direction and poor
properties in other directions. High cost due to expensive material and
complicated fabrication processes. Some are brittle, such as carbon fiber reinforced
composites. Not enough data for safety criteria.
Mainly two components:◦ Fibers ◦ Matrices
Fibers Influences:
Specific gravity, Tensile and compressive strength and
modulus, Fatigue properties, Electrical and thermal properties, Cost.
Fibers◦ Fibers used in composites
Polymeric fibers such as PE (Spectra 900, 1000) PPTA: Poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide)
(Kevlar 29, 49, 149, 981, Twaron) Polyester (Vectran or Vectra) PBZT: Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiozol)
◦ Fibers Inorganic fibers:
Glass fibers: S-glass and E-glass Carbon or graphite fibers: from PAN and Pitch Ceramic fibers: Boron, SiC, Al2O3 Metal fibers: steel, alloys of W, Ti, Ni, Mo etc.
(high melting temperature metal fibers)
Most frequently used fibers◦ Glass◦ Carbon/graphite◦ PPTA (Kevlar, etc.)◦ Polyethylene (Spectra)◦ Polyester (Vectra)
谢谢