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The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century

The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

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Page 1: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century

Page 2: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

1. Foundation of Qing dynasty 2. China's long 18th century 3. Europeans in China

Page 3: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Middle Imperial Period ca. 600-1400

Ming dynasty 明 1368 - 1644

Post-Dynastic Period 1911-present

Qing dynasty 清 1644 - 1911

Republic of China 中華民國 1911-1949

People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 1949 - present

Late Imperial Period ca. 1400-1900

Song dynasty 宋 960 - 1279

Yuan dynasty 元 1279 - 1368

Page 4: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Manchus Jurchen Jin dynasty (1125-1234) Nurhaci d. 1626

Page 5: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Manchu Banner system

8 Manchurian 8 Mongol 8 Chinese

Page 6: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Manchu writing system

Page 7: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Jurchen Manchu Jin dynasty Qing dynasty (1644-1911)

Page 8: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Taiwan Fujian Prov. 1683 Lhasa, Tibet 1750-51 Xinjiang 1768

Page 9: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

queue=Manchu hairstyle

Page 10: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Machang Chasing an Enemy Giusppe Castiglione (1688-1766)

Page 11: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Manchu bannerman

Page 12: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Six Ministries 1. Civil Affairs 2. Finance 3. Rituals 4. War 5. Justice 6. Public Works

Provincial Governor Governor-General

Page 13: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Grand Council Palace Memorial System

Page 14: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

baojia system of mutual responsibility

jia=100 households bao=10 jia (=1,000 households)

Page 15: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

1. Foundation of Qing dynasty 2. China's long 18th century 3. Europeans in China

Page 16: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Kangxi Emperor r. 1662-1722

Yongzheng Emperor r. 1722-1736

Qianlong Emperor r. 1736-1795

Page 17: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Kangxi Emperor r. 1662-1722

Page 18: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Repairing the dikes of the Yellow River Emperor Kangxi's Tour of the South (detail)

Page 19: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Kangxi Emperor r. 1662-1722

Yongzheng Emperor r. 1722-1736

Qianlong Emperor r. 1736-1795

Page 20: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

evidential scholarship kaozheng 考證

The Complete Books of the Four Treasuries Siku quanshu, comp. late 18th c.

Page 21: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

“preserving the mind” cun xin 存心

“investigation of things” gewu 格物

“reverential attention” jing 敬

Neo-Confucian approaches to knowledge

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Page 22: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Population of China, 2 -2000 CE

Page 23: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

The Scholars Rulin waishi 儒林外史 Wu Jingzi 吳敬梓 1701-1754

Page 24: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

baihua 白話 ("plain speech") vernacular: the language of common, contemporary speech

Page 25: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Ming-Qing Vernacular Fiction Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century The Scholars, 18th century Dream of Red Mansions 18th century

Page 26: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

1. Foundation of Qing dynasty 2. China's long 18th century 3. Europeans in China

Page 27: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

•Macao

Page 28: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Matteo Ricci 1552-1610 Jesuit missionary

Page 29: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Celestial sphere gold leaf, pearls and cloisonné h. 82 cm. Qing dynasty

Page 30: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Tranquil Spring Giuseppe Castiglione (aka Lang Shining, 1688–1766)

Page 31: The Manchu Empire in the Eighteenth Century · Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh, ca. 14 th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 14th century Journey to the West, 16th century

Pine and Cranes Giuseppe Castiglione and Tang Dai (1673–1752)


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