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PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE CHEN The Respiratory System YONG-MEI CHEN (陈咏梅) Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union Medical College Tel69156461, 65284034 E-mail address: [email protected]

The Respiratory System - PUMCanatomy.sbm.pumc.edu.cn/mobile/files/pdf/Histology...The Respiratory System YONG-MEI CHEN (陈咏梅) Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union

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Page 1: The Respiratory System - PUMCanatomy.sbm.pumc.edu.cn/mobile/files/pdf/Histology...The Respiratory System YONG-MEI CHEN (陈咏梅) Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union

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The Respiratory System

YONG-MEI CHEN (陈咏梅)

Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology

Peking Union Medical College

Tel:69156461, 65284034

E-mail address: [email protected]

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The respiratory system has two parts:

1. Conducting Portion:

(1) Air conduction(2) Air conditioning: cleansing,

moistening & warming air (3) Olfaction (4) Phonation

Functions:

2. Respiratory Portion:Functions: Gas exchange

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Composition, structure & function

of conducting portion

Composition, structure & function

of respiratory portion

Content

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Respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

I. Introduction:

Ciliated cellsGoblet cellsBasal cellsSmall granule cells: neuroendocrine cells Brush cells: chemosensory receptors

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II. Nasal cavity:

Median nasal septum superior, middle & inferior conchae

1. Vestibule:

Mucosa

E. L.P.

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2. Respiratory Portion:pink

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Countercurrent heat-exchange system

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3. Olfactory Potion:yellowish brown

Respiratory Portion Olfactory Portion

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Supporting cells: Basal cells: Olfactory (Sensory) cells: bipolar neurons, have olfactory vesicle and olfactory cilia.

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Paranasal sinuses:

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III. Nasopharynx:

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IV. Larynx:

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IV. Larynx:

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V. Trachea and Bronchi:Epithelium

Lamina propria:1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa:mixed glands & L.T. in C.T. sIgA3. Adventitia:“C” shaped or irregular hyaline

cartilage and smooth muscles, fibroelastic C.T.

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1. Bronchial Tree:

VI. Lungs:

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2. Pulmonary lobule:

Bronchioles

Terminal B.

Respiratory B.

Alveolar Ducts

Alveolar Sacs

Alveoli

(d ≤ 0.5mm)

(d ≤ 1mm)

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3. Conducting Portion:

(1) Cavity and wall: ↓(2) Epithelium: ↓(3) Goblet Cells: ↓(4) Glands: ↓(5) Cartilage: ↓(6) Smooth Muscle: ↑(7) Elastic fibers: ↑

• Structural changes:

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• Terminal Bronchioles:

Clara Cell Ciliated Cell

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Clara Cells: dome-shaped apex, SER, secretory granules

Functions: secreting surfactant-like material, playing defensive roles & being stem cells

surfactant proteases

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4. Respiratory Portion:

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• Alveoli Epithelium:(1) Type I Cells (Squamous Alveolar Cells)

LM: squamous and thin

EM: pinocytotic vesicle, junctional complex

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Functions:

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(2) Type II Cells (Great Alveolar Cell)

LM: cuboidal cells, spherical nucleus & foamy cytoplasm

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EM: osmiophilic lamellar bodies

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Functions: synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant & mitosis

Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)

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(3) Blood-Air Barrier:Surfactant + Type I Alveolar cellsFused basal laminae of alveolar cells & endotheliumCapillary's Endothelium

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(4) Alveolar Septum:C.T., rich in capillary and elastic fibers.

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(5) Alveolar Pore:

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(6) Pulmonary Macrophage:

dust cell

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heart failure cell pneumonia

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5. Blood VesselsPulmonary Circulation: functional circulationBronchial Circulation: nutritional circulation

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6. Pleura

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Respiratory Portion Olfactory Portion

Summary

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(1) Cavity and wall: ↓(2) Epithelium: ↓(3) Goblet Cells: ↓(4) Glands: ↓(5) Cartilage: ↓(6) Smooth Muscle: ↑(7) Elastic fibers: ↑

• Structural changes:

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Clara Cells: dome-shaped apex, SER, secretory granules

Functions: secreting surfactant-like material, playing defensive roles & being stem cells

surfactant proteases

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Respiratory Portion:

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Alveoli Epithelium

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Blood-Air Barrier: