THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

I. Colonialism and Restricted TradeA. Colonialism

1. Control by one…2. England over the colonies3. Source…4. Market…

B. Navigation Act (1651)1. Only English ships2. Monopoly

a. Only one…b. Effect on colonies

3. Result in higher prices4. Additional restrictions…5. Net effect up/down

II. Restricted RightsA. Writs of Assistance

1. Beginning of…2. Gave custom officials right…3. Illegal goods4. Combat smuggling

B. French and Indian War (1754-1763)1. aka Seven Years War2. B/t British & French3. Control of NA & colonies4. Albany Conference

a. Before warb. By Benj. Franklinc. Albany Plan of Uniond. Form Fed Gov’te. Rejected but…

5. French allies: Algonquians and Hurons6. British allies: Iroquois (may be)7. British victory gain all land…

C. Pontiac’s War1. Delaware Prophet idea2. Ottawa, Delaware, Shawnee, Seneca vs. British3. England could not afford another war4. England could not afford loss of fur trade5. Led to…

D. Proclamation of 17631. Forbid…2. Restriction of movement/improvement3. 10,000 troops4. Collect…5. Writs6. Appalachian Mtns

III. Taxation without Representation (sorta)A. The Sugar Act (1764)

1. Lowered…2. Strictly…

B. The Stamp Act (1765)1. Legal documents…2. First…

C. The Towshends Acts (1767)1. Followed repeal…2. Imported glass…

IV. Other Events Leading to Colonial SeparationA. The Quartering Act (1765)

1. Pay for…2. Build, pay, private

B. The Boston Massacre (3/4/1770)1. Long period…2. Day of…3. Five4. Crispus Attucks 5. Sons of Liberty

a. Organizationb. Samuel Adamsc. A member

6. British remove…7. Troops stand trial

C. Boston Tea Party1. Sons of Liberty2. Indians3. Dumped tea

D. Intolerable Acts (aka Coercive Acts)1. Result of…2. Punishment3. Shut down harbor4. Restricted town meetings5. Only tried in GB

E. First Continental Congress (1774)1. Boycott2. No exports

V. War BeginsA. Patrick Henry

1. Burgess2. Speech 3/17753. “I know not what …”

B. Minutemen1. First formed in MA2. Citizen soldiers3. Ready to fight at…

C. Sides1. Patriots

a. 1/3b. Fighting against Englandc. Strongest in NE

2. Loyalist (aka Tories)a. 1/3b. Loyal to King and England

3. Neithera. 1/3b. Waiting to see…

D. First Action1. British troop move

a. Concord MAb. Confiscate

2. Midnight Ridea. Old North Churchb. Paul Revere et alc. Horseback warningd. “The British are coming!”

3. Lexington and Concord MAa. AM April 19,1775b. Minutemen vs. British troopsc. British retreat 73KIA/200 woundedd. Recognized as start of RevWar

E. Second Continental Congress1. Philadelphia PA 5/10/17752. Few hoped3. Most wanted military/break4. Olive Branch Petition

a. Peace proposalb. To King George IIIc. Refused

5. Delegates make three key decisionsa. Establish Continental Armyb. Name George Washington commander-in-chiefc. Permanent break from Britain

VI. Declaration of IndependenceA. Delegates meetB. Declare indep July 2, 1776C. Written by Thomas Jefferson et alD. Signed July 4, 1776E. FoundationF. Principle points

1. All men are created equal2. All people have certain unalienable rights3. Governments exist only by the consent of the governed4. Governments must be changed if they become unjust

VII. PeopleA. William Howe

1. Commander of all British forces2. Victories/loses

B. John Burgoyne1. Commander of Northern British Army2. “Gentleman Johnny”3. Pivotal loss

C. Ethan Allen1. “Colorful” Patriot leader2. “Green Mountain Boys”

D. Nathanael Greene1. Patriot commander South2. Frances Marion aka “Swamp Fox”

E. Molly Pitcher1. Mary Ludwig Hayes2. Fought as Patriot gunner

F. Nathan Hale1. Patriot spy2. Captured – hanged3. “I regret that I have but one life to give for my

country.”

G. Benedict Arnold1. Patriot hero2. Traitor

H. Marquis de Lafayette1. French general2. Trained Patriot soldiers

VIII.Major BattlesA. Battle of Lexington and ConcordB. Fort Ticonderoga NY

1. May 1775 us2. July 1777 them

C. Battle of Bunker Hill MA1. July 17752. British suffer heavy casualties3. Patriots run out of ammunition

D. Battle of Saratoga NY1. October 17772. British surrender 6,0003. Turning point of war4. France and Spain agree to support

E. Valley Forge PA1. Winter 1777-782. Training camp3. Discipline and morale

F. Battle of Kings Mountain1. Appalachian Mtns in Carolina 1780 2. Greene, Marion et al3. Turning point in south

G. Battle of Cowpens SC1. 17812. Greene, Marion again3. Guerrilla war tactics

a. No fighting in the openb. Strike quickly then disappear into

woods/swampsH. Battle of Yorktown VA

1. Sept-Oct 17812. Cornwallis surrounded3. French navy blockade4. Patriots block escape by land5. British surrender6. End of fighting in RevWar

IX. Battle at SeaA. Patriot non-navyB. Letters of Marque

1. Issued by CC2. Licenses3. Authorize

X. Treaty of Paris 1783A. Terms to end warB. Required of British

1. Recognize independence of United States2. Set US borders

a. Canada to the northb. Mississippi River to the westc. Spanish Florida to the southd. Atlantic Ocean to the east