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© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Benefits of Savings Savings means setting aside money for
future use. It allows you to accumulate money for
future purchases. Money in savings can earn an income.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Saving Basics Savings is the portion of current income
not spent on consumption. Savings accounts provide an easily
accessible place for people to store their money to meet daily living expenses and to have money for emergencies.
Financial experts recommend individuals keep a minimum of three to six months of salary in a savings account.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Savings Account Uses Daily Expenses Emergencies Future Purchases Future Investing
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Saving and Investing Saving is closely related to another
financial principle: investing. Saving – the main purpose is to set aside
money for some anticipated future need. Investing is committing money for the purpose
of making a profit over time. The objective is to make your money grow in the long run.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Saving vs. Investing Saving
The portion of current income not spent on consumption.
Place to store money for daily expenses and for emergencies.
Liquidity is how quickly and easily an asset can be converted into cash. In an emergency, cash needs to be easily accessible. Savings accounts are more liquid than investment accounts.
Generally yield a low interest rate, often barely meeting inflation.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Saving vs. Investing cont. Investing
The purchase of assets with the goal of increasing future income.
Develop and implement a savings plan before beginning an investment.
Investments are not liquid as savings. Rate of return, or annual return on the
investment, varies, but is usually higher.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Reasons People Should Save Emergencies – It is recommended individuals have a
minimum of three to six months of salary in savings accounts for emergencies. Examples of emergencies can include illness, losing a job, or immediate need to replace a large item such as a washing machine.
Recurring Expenses – Savings accounts can be used as a budgeting tool to manage monthly expenses.
Future Purchases – Money can be used to meet future goals such as a college education, new car, down payment on a home, or a new stereo.
Investing – After an individual has established a savings account, money should be invested monthly for future income.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Reasons People Should Save Financial Goals – pay for college, have a
family. Retirement – although it seems a long way
off, to live comfortably you have to start when you get a full time job.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Why People Don’t Save People are not having their current consumption
needs and wants met. People do not know how much they need to be saving
or investing for future goals. Money in savings accounts earns such poor interest
rates. It barely (if at all) keeps up with inflation. Investing usually gains higher interest rates.
Individuals justify not needing money for emergencies because they have credit easily available.
People feel they have adequate insurance and job security; therefore they do not need money for emergencies.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Developing a Savings Plan Track spending for one month to
determine where money is currently going.
Evaluate spending and determine where money can be saved.
Decide what you are saving for. Set a specific goal Decide what amount will be put into
savings per month, put decision into writing and stick to it!
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Develop a Spending Plan Break your long term goal into short temr
goals Save regualry and consistently Put your savings to work – keep in an
account that earns some interest. Be willing to make adjustments. If the
savings plan is not working evaluate why. Keep your savigns golas in mind.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Consider your budget The amount you save must be realistic,
leave enough money to pay your daily expenses.
Percent to go to savings will depend on your Discretionary income – the amount of available income after taxes and necessary spending for food, clothing and shelther
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
“Pay Yourself First” Put money away into a savings
account or investment BEFORE you pay other bills or use for spending.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
70-20-10 Rule Spend 70% of money you earn Save 20% of money you earn Invest 10% of money you earn
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Pay Yourself First (continued)
If you are self disciplined, you can deposit into savings when you cash a check
But…. Automatic transfers – Each month the bank will
transfer a specified amount from checking to savings
Direct deposit – employers can electronically deposit earnings in the employee’s bank account.
Payroll deductions – you tell employers an amount to deduct and put into a savings plan
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Earning by Savings When you open an account at a financial
institution, your money will begin to earn interest.
Savings accounts can differ in how often interest is paid or credited to you.
The interest rate stated if the annual rate, Accounts differ in how the interest
calculation is made Simple vs. compound interest
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Simple InterestSimple interest -- Interest earned on the principal investment
Principal -- The original amount of money invested or saved
Amount invested x annual interest rate x number of years = interest earned
Ex. 1,000 x 0.10 x 2=$200
$1,000 Invested at 10% Simple Interest Rate
1 Year 2 Years
$1,100.00 $1,200.00
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Compound InterestCompounding interest -- Earning interest on interest“Make your money work for you”
Developed because compounding interest causes money to make money
$1,000 Invested Compounded Annually at 10% Interest Rate
1 Year 2 Years
$1,104.71 $1,220.39
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Annual Percentage Yield APY – tells you the actual annual rate at
which interest is earned, including the effects of compounding.
With simple interest, the APY is the same as the state interest rate.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Three Factors Affecting the Time Value Calculations
TimeAmount investedInterest rate
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Time
The earlier an individual invests, the more time their investment has to compound interest and increase in value
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Amount Invested Investing only a small amount a month is
better than not investing at all Ex. At 8% interest, invested at age 17, one dollar
per day will become $17,865.52 by age 65 The larger the amount invested the greater
return a person will earn Always pay yourself first
Savings should be a fixed expense Flexible expenses can be decreased in
order to increase the amount a person is able to invest
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Interest Rate
The percentage rate paid on the money invested or savedHigher interest=more money earned
$1,000 Invested Compounded Monthly
Interest Rate
1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
4% $1,040.74 $1,221.00 $1,490.83
6% $1,061.68 $1,348.85 $1,819.40
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Long term effects of Compounding
The effects of compound interest increase greatly over time.
Long term effects of Interest Rates
Higher interest rates mean greater earning in the long run.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Rule of 72 The most important and simple rule to
financial success. The answers can be easily discovered by
knowing the Rule of 72 The time it will take an investment (or debt)
to double in value at a given interest rate using compounding interest.
72 = Years to
Interest Rate
double investment (or debt)
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
What the “Rule of 72” can determine
How many years it will take an investment to double at a given interest rate using compounding interest.
How long it will take debt to double if no payments are made.
The interest rate an investment must earn to double within a specific time period.
How many times money (or debt) will double in a specific time period.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Things to Know about the “Rule of 72”The “Rule of 72” Is only an approximation The interest rate must remain constant The equation does not allow for
additional payments to be made to the original amount
Interest earned is reinvested Tax deductions are not included within
the equation
Savings Option
To get the most out you your savings,you
need to keep your money where it will
earn interest.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Factors in choosing Savings option
Safety and risk – FDIC offers safety, but may not be the best return
Liquidity – the ease with which savings or investments can be turned into cash . Some savings are very liquid, such as a pass
book account Others have a fixed term – a period of time
during which money must be kept on deposit. Earnings – the higher the APY the greater
your earnings will be
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Factors in choosing Savings option (continued)
Taxes – in most cases you must pay income taxes on the interest you earn from a savings account. Although some offer tax advantages.
Restrictions – depending on the type of savings product you choose, you may have to comply with some restrictions
Fee and service charges
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Basic Savings Options Savings Account
Account to hold money not spent on consumption.
Money may be accessed or transferred between accounts through:
Automated teller machines; Telephones; Internet.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Savings Account continued
Features may include: Allows for frequent deposits or
withdrawals; Easily accessible; Money storage for emergencies or daily
living; Available at depository institutions; May require a minimum balance or have
a limited number of withdrawals.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Money Market Deposit Account
Money Market Deposit Account A government insured account offered at
most depository institutions. Have a minimum balance requirement with
tiered interest rates. The amount of interest earned depends on
the account balance. For example: a balance of $10,000
will earn a higher interest rate than a balance of $2,500.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Continued Features of may include:
Minimum amount required to open the account, often $1,000;
Usually limited to three to six transactions each month;
If the average monthly balance falls below a specified amount, the entire account will earn a lower interest rate.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Certificate of Deposit Certificate of Deposit (CD)
An insured, interest earning savings instrument with restricted access to the funds.
Found in depository institutions accepting deposits for a certain length of time.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
CD continued Features of may include:
Range from seven days to eight years in length;
Minimum deposits range from $100-$100,000; If funds are withdrawn before the expiration
date, penalties are assessed; Low risk and no fees; Interest rates vary depending upon specified
time length. The longer the length, the higher the interest rate.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Savings BondsSavings Bond Discount bond purchased for 50% of the face
value from the U.S. Government.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Savings Bond Continued Features of may include:
Many different types available; Can be purchased for $25.00 - $10,000.00;
A $100.00 bond would be purchased for $50.00. When the bond matures to $100.00, it can be redeemed.
Interest earned on a bond is tax exempt until redeemed.
No taxes are due on interest earned. It will be tax exempt when redeemed if used for
college expenses.
© Family Economics & Financial Education – Revised November 2004 – Saving Unit – Introduction to SavingsFunded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona
1.14.1.G1
Cash Management ToolsTool
Average Interest Earned
Purchase PlaceSpecial
Features
Checking Account 1.5% Commercial Banks, Savings & Loan Associations, Credit Union
Can be used in place of cash, funds can be easily accessed
Savings Account 2.3% Commercial Banks, Savings & Loan Associations, Credit Union
Easily accessed, temporary holding place for funds
Money Market Account
2.6% Commercial Banks, Savings & Loan Associations, Credit Union
Minimum balance, limited transactions, tiered interest rates
Certificate of Deposit
4.0% - 5.4%, depending on the length of deposit
Commercial Banks, other institutions which accept deposits for a fixed period
Penalties for early withdrawals, no deposits or withdrawals are made after initial investment
Savings Bonds 4.0% - 5.4%, depending on the length of bond
Commercial Banks, Credit Unions, employer payroll deduction plans
Tax advantages, a loan to the federal government