The Social Internet of Things(SIoT)- When social networks meet the Internet of Things

: Concept, architecture and network characterization

2014-10-15( 수 ) 이지은

Index

1. Abstract

2. Introduction & State of the art

3. Social Internet of Things

4. The SIOT system The Architecture

Main SIoT Processes

Analysis of the proposed system

5. Sample applications

Abstract

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) The convergence of the ‘‘Internet of Things’’ and the

‘‘Social Networks’’ worlds.

The idea that SIoT is possible, is gaining momentum.

The main contributions of this paper are the follow-

ing: Appropriate policies for establishment and management

relationships between objects

Possible architecture

Analyze the characteristics of the SIoT network structure

Introduction

several schemes have been proposed that use so-

cial networks to search Internet resources, to

route traffic, or to select effective policies for con-

tent distribution, e.g., [27,11,31,39,8,29].

Several advantages Guarantee the network navigability

Level of trustworthiness can be established

Designed models can be reused to address IoT related

issues

State of the art

A first idea of socialization between objects has

been introduced by Holmquist et al. [17]. focus : solutions that enable smart wireless devices,

mostly wireless sensors, to establish temporary

relationships.

[17] L.E. Holmquist, F. Mattern, B. Schiele, P. Alahutha, M. Beigl, H.Gallersen, Smart-its friends: a tech-nique for users to easily establish connections between smart artefacts, in: Proc. of ACM UbiComp’01, September–October 2001.

Smart-Its Device Architecture

State of the art

neologism ‘Blogject’, in [3] “objects that blog”, objects do the blogging instead of

people.

Embodied Microblogging(EM), in [32] Challenges the current vision of IoTs.

Proposed two novel

Mediate human-to-human communication

Support additional ways for making noticeable and noticing

activities in everyday life.

Refer-ence Topic

[33]The future of the Internet as being characterized by Ubiquitous IoT architecture, which resembles the social organization frame-work (SOF) model.

[14] An individual can share the services offered by her/his smart ob-jects with either her/his friends or their things.

[23]The implications of the integration between the IoT and the so-cial networks have been investigated and a few interesting ex-emplary applications are described.

[25]There a sort of quantification of the social relationships among mobile nodes is also performed by means of parameters such as an interaction factor and a distance factor.

State of the art

→ As a logic consequence of the studies described above, recently the name Social Internet of Things began to appear in official documents and published papers.

A Social Internet of Things

Still lacks in some basic aspects.

In analogy with the social network of human be-

ings we need the definition of a notion of social relationship among

objects

the design of a reference architectural model

the analysis of the social network structure

A Social Internet of Things

The kinds of relationships we define. ‘‘Parental object relationship’’ (POR)

‘‘Co-location object relationship’’ (C-LOR)

‘‘Co-work object relationship’’ (C-WOR)

‘‘Ownership object relationship’’ (OOR)

‘‘Social object relationship’’ (SOR)

The SIoT system

Resorting the Simple three-layer architectural model for IoT presented in

[40].

Sensing layer

Network layer

Application layer

[40] L. Zheng et al., Technologies applications and governance in the Internet of things, Internet of Things – Global Technological and Societal Trends (2011).

The SIoT system

The architecture - SIoT Server, Gateway, Object

The SIoT system – SIoT Server

not encompass the sensing layer but

only the Network and the Application

Layers.

Application Layer : 3 Sub-layers

Base Sub-layer

database for storage, management

of the data, relevant descriptors

Ontology : Necessary to provide a

machine interpretable framework

The SIoT system – SIoT Server

Several other approaches for creating semantic service de-

scriptions [15],

Semantic annotations for the WSDL (SAWSDL)

Unified Service Description Language (USDL)

Web Service Modeling Language(WSML)

Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)

Semantic Annotations for Representational State Transfer SA-

REST [37]

The Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF ; www.foaf-project.org)

The SIoT system – SIoT Server

Application Layer : 3 Sub-layers

Component Sub-layer

the core functionality of the SIoT sys-

tem

ID mngt, profiling, OC, RM, SD, SC, TM

Interface Sub-layer

Third-part interfaces to objects, hu-

mans, and services

Deployed in a cloud / a federated way

by different sites

The SIoT system – Gateway, Objects

Gateway, Objects

Variation depending on the device

characteristic

The three scenarios can be foreseen.

A dummy object RFID tag, presence sensing device

A device video camera

A smart object smartphone

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

Overview of the processes related to four main

SIoT activities entrance of a new object

service discovery and composition

new object relationship establishment

service provisioning

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

Object Owner carry out the relevant activities and commu-

nicate with server.

ID Scheme : IPv6, Universal Product Code(UPC), Electronic

Product Code(EPC), Ubiquitous Code(UCode), OpenID, URI

profiling : ID + capabilities and history of objects

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

Given the heterogeneity of the IoT nodes, SIoT members are

organized in classes.

Class Definition, assigned object

Class1

mobile objects with large computational and communication capabili-ties.

Class2

static objects with significant computational and communication ca-pabilities.

Class3

objects with sensing capabilities only, that is objects capable of pro-viding a measure of the environment status.

class4 RFID- or NFC-tagged objects.

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

After profiling, completes the process by looking for friends

in the SIoT Server.

Establishes the main relationships.

Parental object, ownership ownership object

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

triggered by the application running either on the SIoT

servers or in close relationship with the agent(in the gate-

way or object).

The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

two objects become aware that they are neigh-

bors for a period of time long enough to trigger

friendship.

consists in delivering the service previously dis-

covered and composed with the requesting ser-

vice.

Analysis of the proposed SIoT system

Advantages easy integration of the existing and widespread standards

for short distance communication technologies.

we have defined a separate module devoted to this

functionality to foster interoperability with external

systems.

reference [24] : the issue of handling queries that contain a se-

mantic information through a kind of declarative language.

This fosters an open ecosystem of digitally augmented

objects on top of which applications can be created.

Analysis of the proposed SIoT system

Potential weaknesses This solution is implemented only into the server, without

a collaboration of the gateway and the objects.

Requiring of a continuous communication with the servers

The service discovery and the relationship management

modules are separated.

The amount of interaction between the service discovery and

the relationship management modules is limited.

Sketch of the Sample applications

Sketch of the Sample applications

find a mate that has already addressed the same configura-

tion issues and fix the problems.(Apple’s Bonjour)

gather information in advance about traffic congestion along

possible routes and to choose the best path.

Each flat is equipped with controllers and sensors able to

manage and measure energy consumption and

production(photovoltaic and solar cells) during the whole

day.