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The Woodlands United Methodist Church
March 22, 2013
Introductory Ques.ons
� Who is the Holy Spirit to you?
� How have you experienced the Holy Spirit?
God’s Spirit and the Biblical Story � Creation: The Spirit orders creation for human life together in God’s Presence
� Fall: Humans depart from the Presence of God � Reconciliation: The Spirit restores humanity and creation for life together in God’s Presence � Israel: A People of God’s Presence � Jesus: The Anointed One � Church: A People of the Holy Spirit � New Creation “Look! God’s dwelling place is now among the people, and he will dwell with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God” (Rev. 21:3).
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � Vocabulary ruach – wind, breath, human spirit, angelic or demonic spirit, or God’s Spirit
� Images and Symbols for God’s Spirit
v Life-‐Breath (Gen. 2:7; 6:17; Ezek. 37:5) v Wind (Gen. 8:1; Num. 11:31; Isa. 27:8) v Fire (Isa. 4:4; 33:11) v Water (with the verb “pour,” Isa. 32:15; 44:3; Joel 2:28) v Cloud (Ex. 24:1-‐18; 33:9-‐10; 40:36-‐8; 1 Kings 8:10-‐12)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Pentateuch
� God’s Spirit is moving above the waters at creation (Gen. 1:2) � God’s Spirit is seen as “striving” or “contending” with humans,
restraining evil (Gen. 6:3) � The Egyptians recognize the Spirit in Joseph (Gen. 41:38) � Bezalel is filled with the Spirit for skill in making the tabernacle (Exod.
31:3, 35:31) � The Spirit upon Moses is transferred to 70 elders to equip them for
leadership (Num. 11:17, 25–26) � Moses sees the prophets outside the camps as having the Spirit upon
them (Num. 11:29—note that right after this, a “wind” [ruach] from the Lord brings the quail to the land, 11:31)
� God’s Spirit prompts Balaam to prophesy (Num. 24:2) � Joshua has the Spirit in him and is fit to succeed Moses (Num. 27:18)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Historical Books
� The Spirit of the Lord came upon the judges for mighty deeds and leadership � Othniel (Judges 3:10) � Gideon (Judges 6:34) � Jephthah (Judges 11:29) � Samson (Judges 13:25, 14:6, 9, 15:14)
� Saul prophesied as a sign of the Spirit and his anointing (1 Sam. 10:6, 10)—and like the judges (11:6)
� The Spirit came on David mightily from the day of his anointing (1 Sam. 16:13) � The Spirit departed from Saul to be replaced by an evil spirit (1 Sam. 16:14) � Saul and his messengers prophesy by the Spirit when they encounter Samuel
and the prophets, which allows David to escape (1 Sam. 19:20–23) � David declares that the Spirit spoke by him, with God’s words on his tongue (2
Sam. 23:2) � Obadiah fears that God’s Spirit will carry Elijah away (1 Kings 18:12)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Historical Books (continued)
� Zedekiah struck Micaiah, asking how the Spirit left him for M. (1 Kings 22:24, 2 Chron. 18:23)
� The prophets think that the Spirit may have taken Elijah to some other place (2 Kings 2:16—There is a close relationship between the Spirit on Elijah and Elijah’s own spirit—2 Kings 2:9, 15)
� The Spirit came upon Amasai, prompting an utterance an David’s acceptance (1 Chron. 12:18)
� The Spirit came upon the prophet Azariah to warn Asa (2 Chron. 15:1) � The Spirit came upon Jehaziel to prophesy victory in battle (2 Chron. 20:14) � The Spirit came upon Zechariah to call the people to repent, and he got stoned
(2 Chron, 24:20) � Nehemiah says God gave his Spirit to teach the people in the wilderness (Neh.
9:20) � Nehemiah says the Spirit admonished the people by the prophets (Neh. 9:30)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � Poetic Books
� Job sees the breath or Spirit of God as active in his affliction (Job 4:9), in clearing the atmosphere (Job 26:13), giving him life (Job 27:3, 33:4), and sustaining all life (Job 34:14).
� David prays that the Holy Spirit would not be taken from him (Ps. 51:11)
� The Spirit sustains life (Ps. 104:30) � The Israelites at Meribah rebelled against God’s Spirit (Ps. 106:33) � God’s Spirit is present everywhere (Ps. 139:7) � God’s good Spirit can lead David (Ps. 143:10)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Prophets
� The Spirit speaks, leads and guides the prophets (and can be ignored or disregarded) � God sends his Spirit to prophesy (Isa. 48:16) � The Spirit is upon the prophet to preach good news (Isa. 61:1) � The Spirit entered Ezekiel and set him up when God spoke (Ezek. 2:2) � The Spirit lifted Ezekiel up and took him away mightily (Ezek. 3:12–14) � The Spirit stood Ezekiel up and gave instructions (Ezek. 3:24) � The Spirit lifted Ezekiel up to see visions (Ezek. 8:3, 11:1, 24, 37:1, 43:5) � The Spirit fell on E. to prophesy (Ezek. 11:5) � The prophet Micah is filled with the Spirit to prophesy (Mic. 3:8)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Prophets (continued)
� False prophets and sinful leaders disregard the Spirit � Rebellious leaders of Judah plan without the leading of the Spirit (Isa.
30:1) � The Spirit is not speaking the evil words of Israel’s leaders (Mic. 2:7) � No one who has the Spirit remaining in him has divorced his wife (Mal.
2:15) � Israel rebelled and grieved the Holy Spirit in the wilderness (Isa. 63:10)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Prophets (continued)
� The Spirit was among God’s people in the wilderness � God had put his Holy Spirit in the midst of the people and gave them
rest (Isa. 63:11, 14) � God’s Spirit was abiding in the midst of his people in the wilderness
(Hag. 2:5) � The Spirit is superior to human wisdom or ability
� The Spirit does not consult with people for his actions (Isa. 40:13) � The Lord’s Spirit, not human might or power, will fulfill his word (Zech.
4:6) � The Spirit is involved in judgment
� The Lord’s “breath” overflows the wicked (Isa. 30:28; 33:11), dries the grass (Isa. 40:7)
� The Lord’s “wrath” or Spirit are appeased, after the sending of 4 spirits of heaven (Zech 6:5–8)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � The Prophets (continued)
� The Spirit will be poured out and bring renewal for the people of Israel � The Spirit will be poured out to renew the land (Isa. 32:15) � The Spirit will gather the people back (Isa. 34:16) � The Spirit will be poured out on Israel for blessing (Isa. 44:3) � The “wind” or “Spirit” of the Lord will drive a stream of his glory (Isa. 59:19) � The Spirit which is upon his people will never depart; as part of a covenant (Isa.
59:21) � God will put his Spirit in Israel (Ezek. 36:27; likely related to the “new spirit” and
“new heart” of Ezek.18:31) � God will put “breath” into the dry bones from the wind; seems related to the
“new spirit” and the indwelling Spirit elsewhere in Ezekiel (Ezek. 37:5–14, esp. 35:14)
� The Lord will pour out his Spirit on Israel (Ezek. 39:29) � The Lord’s Spirit will be poured out on all mankind (Joel 2:28–29) � The Spirit of grace and supplication will be poured out on the house of David
and Jerusalem and they will look on the one whom they have pierced (Zech. 12:10)
God’s Spirit in the Old Testament � Theological Themes in the Old Testament
� The Holy Spirit is part of creating, sustaining and renewing creation. Consequently, there is no strict separation between materiality and s/Spirit. Any part of God’s creation can be a sacrament of God’s Spirit.
� God’s Spirit came upon individuals, empowering them to speak on His behalf.
� God’s Spirit came upon individuals, enabling them to work on His behalf.
� As the Holy Spirit anointed particular leaders (judges, prophets and kings), God’s Spirit will specially anoint the coming Servant-‐King.
� The future salvation and its holistic renewal of God’s people will be ushered in by God’s Spirit. The Holy Spirit is a central part of the promised new covenant. (Ezek. 11:19; 18:31; 36:25-‐7; 37:1-‐14; Jeremiah 31:31-‐33)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Vocabulary
� πνεύμα [pneuma] is usually translated “s/Spirit.” It has a similar range of meaning as the OT Hebrew ruach, encompassing concepts like breath, wind, the spirit or mind of people, spirits, and God, and more specifically, often adding the adjective “Holy,” connoting sacredness, God who is set apart in purity, righteousness and glory.
� The name “Holy Spirit” is virtually interchangeable with “the Spirit of God,” “the Spirit of the Lord,” and at times “the Spirit of Christ/Jesus,” or simply, “the Spirit.”
� Other Names/Titles
� The Spirit of Truth (John 14:16-‐17; 15:26; 16:13) � The Spirit of Holiness (Rom. 1:4) � The Spirit of Life (Rom. 8:2) � The Spirit of Adoption (Rom. 8:15; cf. Gal. 4:5) � The Spirit of Grace (Heb. 10:29) � The Spirit of Glory (1 Pet. 4:14) � The Eternal Spirit (Heb. 9:14)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Symbols and Images
v Wind (John 20:22) v Fire (Mat. 3:11; Lk. 3:16; Acts 2:3-‐4) v Water (John 4:10, 14; 7:37-‐9) v Dove (Mk. 1:10/Mat. 3:16/Lk. 3:22/Jn. 1:32-‐33) v Oil (i.e. the language of anointing, Lk. 4:18; 1 Jn. 2:20, 27) v Paraclete (Counselor/Advocate: John 14:16, 26; 15:26; 1 John 2:6) v Downpayment/Deposit and Guarantee (2 Cor. 1:22; 5:5) v Seal (Eph. 1:13-‐14; 4:30)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � The Synoptic Gospels and John
� The Spirit and Jesus � Jesus is conceived by the Spirit coming upon Mary (Matthew 1:18-‐25; Luke
1:26-‐35). � As Old Testament kings and prophets were anointed with the Spirit of God to
begin their roles, so Jesus was anointed by the Spirit to carry out his mission at his baptism (Matthew 3:13-‐4:2/Mark 1:9-‐13/Luke 3:21-‐22 & 4:1-‐2/John 1:32).
� As the people of Israel were led into the wilderness to be tested for 40 years, so the Spirit led Jesus into the wilderness to be tempted for 40 days (Matt. 4:1/Mark 1:12/Luke 4:1).
� Jesus identifies himself with the anointing of the Spirit on the “servant of the Lord” for his ministry, quoting Is. 61, concluding “today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing” (Luke 4:16-‐21).
� Jesus conducts his ministry by the power of the Holy Spirit, demonstrating that the fulfillment of the kingdom has come (Mat. 12:28; Luke 4:16-‐21). His miracles are seen as a fulfillment of Isa. 42:1, the servant with the Spirit upon him (Mat. 12:18).
� Jesus will “baptize with the Holy Spirit” and becomes the dispenser of the Spirit (Mat. 3:11; Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16; John 1:33; John 4:14; 7:37-‐9; see also Acts 1:4-‐8; 2:33).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � The Synoptic Gospels and John (continued)
� The Spirit at work among other surrounding Jesus � John the Baptist would be filled with the Holy Spirit from his mother’s
womb (Luke 1:15) � Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit and blessed Mary (Lk. 1:41) � Zacharias was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied about Jesus
(Lk. 1:67) � Simeon is described as having the Holy Spirit upon him, and the Spirit
revealed to him that he would see Christ, and led him into the temple “in the Spirit” (Lk. 2:25-‐7)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � The Synoptic Gospels and John (continued)
� Jesus’s (and John’s) Teaching about the Spirit � John said Jesus would baptize people with the Holy Spirit and fire (Matt. 3:11/Mark 1:8/
Luke 3:16) � Jesus taught Nicodemus that people must be born of the Spirit, who will lead them
(John 3:5-‐8) � John the Baptist taught that God would give the Spirit without measure (John 3:34) � God is a Spirit, and his worshippers must worship in spirit (John 4:24) � Jesus taught that the Spirit gives life, and his words are spirit (John 6:63) � Jesus spoke of the Spirit as proceeding like a river from Jesus, and the Spirit was not
yet given until Jesus was glorified (John 7:39) � The Father will generously give the Holy Spirit to those who ask (Luke 11:13) � The Spirit of the Father will speak through the disciples when on trial (Matt. 10:20/
Mark 13:11/Luke 12:12) � Jesus would give another helper (paraclete), the Spirit of truth, who would bear
witness of Jesus and guide the disciples (John 14:16–17, 26, 15:26, 16:13) � Jesus commissioned his disciples to baptize in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit (Matt. 28:19) � Jesus breathed on his disciples and gave them the Holy Spirit (John 20:22)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit in the book of Acts
� Just as the Holy Spirit came upon Mary who gave birth to Jesus, so the Holy Spirit now comes upon the disciples on the day of Pentecost and birthed the church (Acts 2:1-‐13)
� In light of the experience of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost,
Peter quotes Joel 2:28-‐30, claiming “This is that…” (Acts 2:16ff). The “last days” have begun, the Spirit has been outpoured, and the eschatological age of the Spirit has been inaugurated
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
– The Spirit continues and empowers the “end time” mission of Jesus, inaugurating the OT’s foretold salvation and renewal
– The Spirit empowers the church for bold witness and powerful speech (Acts 1:8; 4:8, 29-‐30; 6:10; 13:9)
– The Spirit facilitates/enables signs and wonders to accompany the preaching of the church (Acts 4:29-‐31), including Peter, Paul, as well as non-‐apostles such as Stephen, Philip, and Ananias (Acts 6:8; 8:6-‐7; 9:17-‐18).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament • Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
-‐ The Spirit guides the mission of the church
Individually � The Spirit told Philip to go to the chariot (Acts 8:29) � The Spirit snatched Philip away (like Elijah?) (Acts 8:39) � After Peter’s vision, the Spirit told him 3 men were looking for him
(Acts 10:19). � Peter reports on the incident, saying the Spirit had told him to go with
the men (Acts 11:12) � Agabus prophesied a famine by the Spirit (Acts 11:28) � Paul purposed in S/spirit to go to Jerusalem (Acts 19:21) � Paul was bound in S/spirit to go to Jerusalem (Acts 20:22) � The Holy Spirit was testifying to Paul in every city that bonds and
afflictions awaited him (20:23).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament • Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
-‐ The Spirit guides the mission of the church Corporately
� The Holy Spirit spoke to the Antioch prophets and teachers while they were fasting to set apart Barnabas and Saul (Acts 13:2, 4).
� James says that the council’s decision “seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us” (Acts 15:28).
� The Holy Spirit forbids Paul from preaching in Asia and Bithynia, followed by a vision from which they “conclude together” to go preach in Macedonia (Acts 16:6-‐10)
� The Holy Spirit had made the elders overseers of the flock (Acts 20:28). � The disciples were telling Paul by the Spirit not to go to Jerusalem (Acts
21:4).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament • Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
-‐ Receiving the Spirit was part of receiving the eschatological promise, initiating one into the new age inaugurated by Jesus. This was a normal part of conversion • “And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. This promise
is for you and your children and all who are far off…” (Acts 2:38-‐9)
• The Samaritans (8:9-‐19) • The conversion of Saul/Paul (9:10-‐19) • Cornelius and his household (10:44-‐11:18) • The Ephesians (19:1-‐7). Note the normalcy of Spirit-‐reception
within the complex of conversion. When there was uncertainty, Paul asked the new believers at Ephesus, “Did you receive the Spirit when you believed?” (Acts 19:2).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament • Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
� Being “full” or “filled” with the Spirit as a character description � The 7 chosen men (deacons) were to be full of the Spirit (Acts 6:3) � Stephen was full of the Holy Spirit (Acts 6:5) � Barnabas was full of the Holy Spirit and faith (Acts 11:24) � The disciples were filled with joy and the Holy Spirit (Acts 13:52) � Apollos was fervent in S/spirit (Acts 18:25)
� The Spirit and Jesus � Christ gave orders to the apostles by the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:2) � Peter says that the Holy Spirit is a witness with them of Christ, and God gives the Spirit to those who obey him (Acts 5:32)
� Peter says that Jesus was anointed with the Holy Spirit and power (Acts 10:38)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament • Holy Spirit in the book of Acts (continued)
� The Spirit and the Scriptures � The Holy Spirit had foretold the betrayal by Judas in Scripture through David (Acts 1:16).
� Peter ascribes David's words in Ps. 2 to the Holy Spirit (Acts 4:25).
� Paul says the Holy Spirit spoke through Isaiah (Acts 28:25).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament
� The Spirit and Christ • He was active in the resurrection of Christ (Rom. 1:4, 8:11). • Christ is called a “life-‐giving Spirit” (1 Cor. 15:45). • Christ was vindicated in the Spirit (1 Tim. 3:16). • Christ offered himself to God through the eternal Spirit (Heb. 9:14).
• Christ was made alive in/by the s/Spirit (1 Pet. 3:18). • The Spirit bears witness to Christ (1 John 5:6–8).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � In relation to the word of God
� The sword of the Spirit is the word of God (Eph. 6:17). � The Holy Spirit speaks the words of Scripture (Heb. 3:7, 10:15).
� The Holy Spirit signifies things by Scripture (Heb. 9:8). � The prophets were moved by the Spirit to write Scripture (2 Pet. 1:21).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit and the church
� The Spirit unites the church (Eph. 2:18–22, 4:3–4; Phil. 1:19, 2:1). � The Spirit sets us or our works apart to God (Rom 2:29 Rom 15:161 Cor
6:11, 1 Thes 4:8, 2 Thes 2:13, 1 Pet 1:2). � The one who has experienced and rejected the Spirit is judged (Heb
6:4?, 10:29). � The Spirit authenticates the gospel with power or miracles (Rom. 15:19, 1
Cor. 2:4, Gal. 3:5, 1 Thess. 1:5, Heb. 2:4, 6:4–5?)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit and the church
� The Spirit produces the ways/character traits of God in us � Love (Rom. 5:5 Rom. 15:30, Col. 1:8) � Righteousness, peace and joy (Rom. 14:17) � Hope or perseverance (Rom. 15:13, Phil. 1:19) � Faith (2 Cor. 4:13) � Fellowship(13:14) � Various traits (Gal. 5:22-‐23, 2 Cor. 6:6) � Strength and power (Eph. 3:16) � Being filled with the Spirit produces praise, thanks, and submission (Eph. 5:18)
� Joy (1 Thess. 1:6)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit indwells believers and gives assurance of salvation and resurrection (Rom. 8:9, 11, 16, 23, 26–27, 9:1, 1 Co. 3:16, 6:19; 2 Cor. 1:22, 5:5, Gal. 4:6, 5:5, Eph. 1:13–14, 2:18, 22, 4:30, 2 Tim. 1:14, James 4:5, 1 Pet. 4:14, 1 John 3:24, 4:13, Jude 19 [negatively—”devoid of the Spirit”]).
� The Spirit provides a new way of life for us different from the law or the flesh (Rom. 7:6, 14, Gal. 3:2–5, 14. 4:29, 5:18–26, 6:8, Phil. 3:3, Titus 3:5, 1 Pet. 4:6). � The Spirit is distinct/in conflict with the flesh. The “flesh” (sarx) is
not the same meaning as body (soma) (Rom. 8:1–15). � The Spirit is different from the letter of the law of Moses (2 Cor. 3:3–
18).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued)
� The future, eschatological (end-‐time) emphasis of Paul concerning
the Holy Spirit � The Spirit as a “down payment” (2 Cor. 1:21-‐22; 5:5; Eph. 1:13-‐14), that is,
a first installment that guarantees its full payment. Now we taste of the presence of the Spirit; then we shall feast on the full Presence of God (1 Cor.13:8-‐13)
� The Spirit as “firstfruits” (Rom. 8:23), that is, the first harvest offering of God for us, evidencing and guaranteeing of the full harvest coming in the resurrection of our bodies (Rom. 8:18-‐27). Previously, this metaphor is used of Christ’s resurrection and the guarantee of ours (1 Cor. 15:20, 23)
� The Spirit as “seal” (2 Cor. 1:21-‐22; Eph. 1:13-‐14; 4:30), like a stamped impression in wax, God has marked believers and claimed them as his own “sealed for the day of redemption” (Eph. 4:30)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit reveals
� The things of God (1 Cor. 2:10–16) � Paul speaks by the Spirit of God (1 Cor. 7:40) � No one by the Spirit can say Jesus is accursed (1 Cor. 12:3; similarly, the “S/spirit from
God” confesses Jesus 1 John 4:1–6) � The new nature of the church (Eph. 3:5) � Believers should not quench the Spirit, meaning prophecy here (1 Thess. 5:19) � The last times apostasy (1 Tim. 4:1) � The Spirit of Christ to the prophets of old (1 Pet. 1:11) � The gospel is preached by the Holy Spirit (1 Pet. 1:12) � Leading to Scripture (2 Pet. 1:21) � The prophet is “in the Spirit” (Rev. 1:10, 4:2) � The Spirit speaks to the churches (Rev. 2:7, 11, 17, 29, 3:6, 13, 22) � The Spirit speaks to the prophet (Rev. 14:13) � The Spirit carries the prophet away (Rev. 17:3, 21:10) � The Spirit invites people to come to Christ and the new heaven (Rev. 22:17)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit provides grace-‐gifts (charismata) to the church for its strengthening and mission � 1 Cor. 1:7; 12:4-‐13 � Rom. 1:11 � Heb. 2:4 � (Note also that the lists of charismata in Rom. 12, Eph. 4:8ff, 1 Pet. 4:10-‐11 are not specifically associated with the Spirit, though that might be theologically implied.)
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Holy Spirit and the Epistles of the New Testament (continued) � The Spirit and Prayer
� The Spirit prays within/through us (Rom. 8:26-‐7) � The Spirit enables us to pray with our mind or with our spirit (1 Cor. 14:13-‐17)
� We are to pray in/with the Spirit (Eph. 6:18, Jude 20).
The Holy Spirit in the New Testament � Theological Themes in the New Testament
-‐ The Holy Spirit is the sign of the foretold “last days” inaugurated by Jesus, fulfilling the OT covenant promises.
-‐ The Holy Spirit anointed Jesus, empowering him for his mission of inaugurating the kingdom of God.
-‐ The Holy Spirit empowers the church for its life and mission. -‐ The Holy Spirit enables the church to participate in the character (fruits) and activity (gifts) of God.
-‐ As “downpayment,” “firstfruits,” and “seal,” the Holy Spirit is our present taste and guarantee of the future Presence of God.
Ques.ons from the Biblical Survey
� After this Biblical survey, what questions about the Holy Spirit remain for you?
Key Historical & Theological Developments � Montanism: the nature and practice of prophecy (2nd century) � Cappadocian Theologians of the East: Basil (329-‐379AD), Gregory of Nyssa
(335-‐395), and Gregory Nazianzus (329-‐389AD), develop theology of three equal persons in the community of the Triune God
� The Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed (381) affirmed the full deity of the Spirit, adding the following to the Nicene Creed: “[And in the Holy Spirit,] the Lord, the Giver of Life, Who proceeds from the Father, Who with the Father and the Son is worshipped and glorified, and Who spoke through the prophets."
� Augustine (354-‐430): the Spirit as the “bond of love” between Father and Son, proceeding from both the Father and the Son
� The Filioque Controversy (9th-‐11th cent): dividing East and West of whether the Father proceeded only “from the Father” or “from the Father and the Son.”
� Monasticism, Mysticism and divine immediacy (Middle Ages to present) � Church heirarchy, structures and renewal movements (2nd century forward) � Global Pentecostalism: 500 million participants in the Pentecostal,
Charismatic and “Third Wave” movements (20th century to present)
Enduring Pneumatological Ques.ons Asked by Theologians Today 1. The Personhood of the Spirit: Is the Spirit a separate person within the Trinity or simply the
action or power of God? Can the Spirit be spoken of as a “field of force,” the “common spirit of Christian society” or the “principle of evolution”?
2. Conversion and the ordo salutis: What is the relationship of the coming of the Spirit to faith, baptism and confirmation?
3. Discernment and evidence: Are there evidences that the Spirit has been imparted and received? If so, what are they? How do we discern the presence of the Spirit within a person or community?
4. The Spirit and the Word: How do we relate the role of Scripture and the experience of the Spirit in our understanding of doctrine?
5. Gender of the Spirit: Is it appropriate to speak of the Holy Spirit using feminine language?
6. The Regularity of Particular Gifts: How regular are “charismatic” gifts of the Spirit to be expected in today’s church?
7. The Outreach of the Spirit: Is the Spirit at work beyond the church in the world in places such as cultural, political or humanitarian movements, scientific discoveries or other religions?
God’s Spirit and the Biblical Story � Creation: The Spirit orders creation for human life together in God’s Presence
� Fall: Humans depart from the Presence of God � Reconciliation: The Spirit restores humanity and creation for life together in God’s Presence � Israel: A People of God’s Presence � Jesus: The Anointed One � Church: A People of the Holy Spirit � New Creation “Look! God’s dwelling place is now among the people, and he will dwell with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God” (Rev. 21:3).
Prayer for the Filling of the Holy Spirit � The Glory of God Filling the Temple: 2 Chronicles 6:18-‐21, 40-‐42; 7:1-‐3
� You are the Temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 3:16; 6:19).
