Thiết kế kiến trúc ph n mềm - Tuyen Nguyen's ... Design... · Nội dung của slide này dựa vào các ... tán trên nhiều máy tính khác ... component hệ thống

Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn

Thit k kin trc phn mm

Ni dung ca slide ny da vo cc slides ca Ian Sommerville

Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM

Ni dung

1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng

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Kin trc phn mm

vThit k kin trc l vic hiu mt h thng c t chc nh th no v thit k ton b kin trc ca h thng .

vu ra ca quy trnh thit k ny l mt m t v kin trc phn mm.

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Thit k kin trc

vL giai on u tin ca mt quy trnh thit k h thng.

vBiu din mi lin kt gia c t v cc quy trnh thit k.

vThng c tin hnh song song vi cc hot ng c t.

vBc ny gip nhn din cc component chnh ca h thng v cch giao tip ca chng vi nhau.

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Cc mc tru tng ca kin trc

vKin trc phn mm nh lin quan n kin trc ca cc chng trnh n l. mc ny, mt chng trnh c phn thnh cc component.

vKin trc h thng ln lin quan n kin trc ca mt h thng phc tp gm nhiu h thng khc, chng trnh v cc components chng trnh. Nhng h thng ny c phn tn trn nhiu my tnh khc nhau, c th c s hu v qun l bi nhiu cng ty khc nhau.

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u im ca kin trc

vGiao tip vi cc stakeholder Kin trc c s dng nh l mt trng tm ca vic

tho lun vi cc stakeholder h thng. vPhn tch h thng

L cch phn tch xem liu h thng c p ng c cc yu cu phi chc nng hay khng.

vTi s dng Kin trc c th c ti s dng cho nhiu h thng

khc.

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Biu din kin trc

vS dng cc biu khi n gin, khng mang tnh hnh thc ch ra cc thc th v quan h gia chng l phng php thng gp nht vit ti liu v kin trc phn mm.

vVic s dng loi kin trc ny b ch trch trong mt thi gian di do n thiu ng ngha, khng ch ra c loi quan h gia cc thc th v khng ch ra cc thuc tnh ca thc th trong kin trc.

vPh thuc vo vic s dng cc m hnh kin trc. Yu cu v ng ngha ca m hnh ph thuc vo cch cc m hnh c s dng.

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Kin trc ca mt h thng iu khin robot

Visionsystem

Objectidentification

system

Armcontroller

Grippercontroller

Packagingselectionsystem

Packingsystem

Conveyorcontroller

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S dng cc m hnh kin trc

vL phng tin tho lun v thit k h thng Thit k kin trc mc cao c ch khi giao tip vi cc

stakeholder v ln k hoch d n v n khng i su vo chi tit. Cc stakeholder c th hiu c m hnh tru tng ca h thng. Do m h c th tho lun v ton b h thng m khng b ri bi vic qu i su vo chi tit.

vL cch vit ti liu v kin trc c thit k Mc tiu y l to ra mt m hnh h thng hon chnh

trong n ch ra c cc component khc nhau trong h thng, giao din v s kt ni ca chng.

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Ni dung


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Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k

vThit k kin trc l mt quy trnh sng to. Cc hot ng trong quy trnh ph thuc vo loi ng dng c pht trin, kinh nghim ca ngi thit k kin trc v cc yu cu c th ca h thng.

vThit k kin trc c nh l mt chui cc quyt nh hn l mt chui tun t cc hot ng.

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Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k

1. C th s dng kin trc tng qut no khng?

2. H thng c phn tn nh th no? 3. Mu kin trc no ph hp? 4. Phng php no c s dng cu trc

ha h thng? 5. H thng c phn r thnh cc module

nh th no? 6. Chin thut iu khin no c s dng? 7. Thit k kin trc s c nh gi bng

cch no? 8. Kin trc c vit thnh ti liu nh th

no? 12


Ti s dng kin trc

vCc h thng c cng lnh vc thng c cu trc tng t nhau phn nh nhng c im ca lnh vc . Cc dng sn phm ng dng c xy dng da vo mt kin

trc li vi mt s bin th tha mn cc yu cu c th ca khch hng.

vKin trc ca mt h thng c th c thit k da vo mt hoc nhiu mu kin trc (architectural pattern). Mu kin trc l m t v kin trc ca mt h thng. Cc mu ny cha cc c im chnh ca mt kin trc c

s dng qua cc h thng phn mm khc nhau.

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Kin trc v c im ca h thng

vHiu nng (Performance) nh v cc chc nng quan trng v gim thiu giao tip.

vBo mt (Security) S dng kin trc phn tng vi cc phn quan trng c t cc

lp bn trong. vAn ton (Safety)

nh v cc thao tc lin quan n an ton trong mt s t cc h thng con.

vTnh thng trc (Availability) Thit k sn cc component d tha sao cho c th thay th hoc

cp nht cc component m khng phi dng h thng, ngha l m bo cho h thng hot ng lin tc.

vTnh d bo tr (Maintainability) S dng cc component nh, chi tit, c th thay th c.

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Ni dung


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Cc gc nhn v mt kin trc

vGc nhn no l hu ch khi thit k v vit ti liu v kin trc ca mt h thng?

vCc khi nim no nn c s dng m t v m hnh kin trc?

vMi m hnh kin trc ch th hin mt gc nhn v h thng. C th ch ra mt h thng c phn r thnh cc module nh

th no, cc tin trnh thi gian thc tng tc nh th no, cc component h thng c phn tn trn mng nh th no.

i vi vic thit k v vit ti liu, ta thng cn biu din nhiu gc nhn khc nhau ca h thng phn mm.

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M hnh kin trc phn mm 4 + 1

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logical view development view

process view physical view

use case

ch ra cc biu din tru tng trong h thng di dng cc i tng v lp i tng.

ch ra cch mt phn mm c phn r pht trin nh th no.

ch ra cch cc tng tc thi gian thc xy ra trong h thng.

ch ra phn cng ca h thng v cch cc component ca h thng c phn tn trn cc processor nh th no.


M hnh kin trc phn mm 4 + 1

vGc nhn v logic (logical view) ch ra cc biu din tru tng trong h thng di dng cc i

tng v lp i tng.

vGc nhn v mt quy trnh (process view) ch ra cch cc tng tc thi gian thc xy ra trong h thng.

vGc nhn v mt pht trin (development view) ch ra cch mt phn mm c phn r pht trin nh th

no.

vGc nhn v mt vt l (physical view) ch ra phn cng ca h thng v cch cc component ca h

thng c phn tn trn cc processor nh th no.

vLin quan n vic s dng use case hay kch bn (+1)

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Ni dung


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Kin trc mu (Architectural pattern)

vThit k mu l mt phng tin biu din, chia s v ti s dng li cc kin thc.

vCc mu thng cha thng tin v khi no chng hu ch v khi no khng, mnh yu ca chng.

vCc mu c biu din s dng bng v m t ha.

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Mt s m hnh kin trc mu

vM hnh Model-View-Controller (MVC) vM hnh kin trc phn tng vM hnh Repository vM hnh clientserver vM hnh pipe and filter


The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern Tn" M hnh MVC (Model-View-Controller)"

M t" Tch ring phn biu din v phn tng tc ra khi d liu h thng. H thng c cu trc ha thnh ba component logic tng tc vi nhau. / Model component: qun l d liu h thng v cc thao tc

trn d trn d liu ./ View component: nh ngha v qun l cch d liu c

biu din ti ngi dng nh th no. / Controller component: Qun l tng tc ngi dng ( v

d nh n phm, nhp chut, ...) v chuyn cc tng tc ny ti View v Model. /

S dng khi no" c s dng khi c nhiu cch biu din v tng tc vi d liu. Cng c s dng khi cha bit c cc yu cu tng lai cho tng tc v biu din d liu. /

u im" Cho php d liu thay i c lp vi vic biu din ca n v ngc li. H tr biu din theo nhiu cch khc nhau trn cng mt d liu. /

Nhc im" C th cha code b sung v code s phc tp hn khi m hnh d liu v m hnh tng tc n gin./

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T chc ca m hnh Model-View-Controller

Controller View

Model

Viewselection

Statechange

Changenotification

State query

User events

Maps user actionsto model updatesSelects view

Renders modelRequests model updatesSends user events tocontroller

Encapsulates applicationstateNotifies view of statechanges

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V d: Kin trc ng dng Web s dng m hnh MVC

Controller View

Model

Form todisplay

Updaterequest

Changenotification

Refresh request

User events

Browser

HTTP request processingApplication-specific logicData validation

Dynamic pagegenerationForms management

Business logicDatabase

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Kin trc phn tng

vc s dng m hnh ha giao din ca cc h thng con.

vT chc h thng thnh mt tp cc tng, mi tng cung cp mt tp cc dch v.

vH tr vic pht trin dn dn cc h thng con trn cc tng khc nhau. Khi giao din ca tng thay i, ch cc tng ln cn mi b nh hng.

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M hnh kin trc phn tng Tn" Kin trc phn tng"

M t" T chc h thng thnh cc tng, mi tng cha cc chc nng lin quan n nhau. Mt tng cung cp cc dch v cho tng trn ca n v vy cc tng thp nht biu din cc dch v li c s dng trong ton b h thng. /

c s dng khi no"

c s dng khi xy dng cc tnh nng mi da trn nhng h thng c sn; khi vic pht trin c dn tri trn nhiu nhm khc nhau v mi nhm chu trch nhim v chc nng ca mt tng; khi c mt yu cu v bo mt nhiu mc ./

u im" Cho php thay th cc phn min l interface c duy tr. Cc chc nng d tha (v d nh phn quyn) c th c cung cp mi tng tng tin cy ca h thng./

Nhc im " Thc t, cung cp mt s phn chia r rt gia cc tng thng rt kh khn v tng cao hn c th tng tc trc tip vi tng thp hn hn l thng qua mt tng bn di n. Hiu nng cng c th l mt vn v nhiu mc din gii ca mt yu cu dch v khi n c thc hin ti mi tng./

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Mt kin trc phn tng tng qut

User interface

Core business logic/application functionalitySystem utilities

System support (OS, database etc.)

User interface managementAuthentication and authorization

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Kin trc ca h thng LIBSYS

Web browser interface

Library index

LIBSYSlogin

Distributedsearch

Documentretrieval

Rightsmanager Accounting

Forms andquery manager

Printmanager

DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DBn

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Tng kt

v Kin trc phn mm l m t v cch t chc ca mt h thng phn mm.

v Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k bao gm cc quyt nh v loi ng dng, vic phn tn ca h thng, mu kin trc c s dng.

v Cc kin trc c th c vit thnh ti liu t mt vi gc nhn chng hn nh gc nhn v mt khi nim, gc nhn v mt logic, gc nhn v mt quy trnh, gc nhn v mt pht trin.

v Cc m hnh kin trc mu l phng tin ti s dng cc kin thc v kin trc h thng tng qut. Chng m t kin trc, gii thch khi no c s dng v u nhc im ca n.

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Thit k kin trc phn mm phn 2

Lecture 2

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Kin trc repository

vCc h thng con phi trao i d liu vi nhau. C hai kh nng: Vic chia s d liu c thc hin c s d

liu trung tm hay cn gi l kho d liu, kho ny c truy cp bi tt c cc h thng con;

Mi h thng con duy tr mt c s d liu ring v chuyn d liu trc tip ti cc h thng con khc.

vKhi c mt lng ln d liu cn chia s, m hnh v chia s l m hnh ph bin nht v l c ch chia s d liu hiu qu nht. 31


M hnh Repository

Tn" M hnh Repository "

M t" Tt c cc d liu trong h thng c qun l mt kho trung tm, kho ny c truy cp bi tt c cc component ca h thng. Cc component khng tng tc trc tip vi nhau, ch thng qua kho chung thi./

Khi no c s dng"

S dng m hnh ny khi ta c mt h thng trong mt lng ln thng tin c sinh ra phi c lu tr trong mt thi gian di. Ta cng c th s dng n trong cc h thng hng d liu trong d liu trong kho kch hot hnh ng hay cng c./

u im" Cc component c th c lp vi nhau chng khng cn bit s tn ti ca cc component khc. Cc thay i xy ra mt component khng nh hng ti cc component khc. Tt c cc d liu c th c qun l mt cch nht qun (v d nh backup d liu c thc hin ng thi) v tt c d liu c lu tr cng mt ni. /

Nhc im" Cc vn xy ra trn kho chung nh hng n ton h thng. C th khng hiu qu trong vic t chc cc giao tip thng qua kho. Phn tn kho trn nhiu my tnh c th kh khn./

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Mt kin trc repository cho mt IDE

Projectrepository

Designtranslator

Javaeditor

UMLeditors

Codegenerators

Designanalyzer

Reportgenerator

Pythoneditor

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Kin trc client-server

vCc m hnh h thng phn tn ch ra cch d liu v cc x l c phn tn trn nhiu component nh th no. C th c ci t trn mt my n.

vTp hp cc server c lp cung cp cc dch v c th v d nh in n, qun tr d liu, ...

vTp hp cc khch hng triu gi cc dch v ny.

vH thng mng cho php ngi dung truy cp vo cc server.

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M hnh clientserver

Tn" M hnh client-server"

M t" Trong mt kin trc clientserver, chc nng ca h thng c t chc thnh cc dch v, mi dch v c t trn mt server ring l. Khch hng l ngi s dng cc dch v ny v truy cp vo cc server s dng dch v./

Khi no c s dng"

c s dng khi d liu trong mt c s d liu chia s phi truy cp t nhiu ni. V cc server c truy cp t nhiu ni khc nhau, c th c s dng khi ti trn h thng thay i./

u im" u im chnh l server c phn tn trn mng. Chc nng chung (dch v in n chng hn) c th c sn cho tt c cc khch hng v khng cn thit phi ci t ton b cc dch v. /

Nhc im" Mi dch v l mt im n gy li v vy d b tn cng t chi dch v hoc li server. Hiu nng c th khng d on trc c do n ph thuc vo mng cng nh h thng. C th c cc vn v qun l nu server c s hu bi cc t chc khc nhau./

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Kin trc clientserver cho mt th vin phim nh

Catalogserver

Librarycatalogue

Videoserver

Film store

Pictureserver

Photo store

Webserver

Film andphoto info.

Client 1 Client 2 Client 3 Client 4

Internet

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Kin trc pipe and filter

vCc chuyn i chc nng x l cc u vo v to ra cc u ra.

vCc bin th ca phng php ny rt ph bin. Khi cc chuyn i l tun t, y l m hnh x l khi tun t m cc h thng x l d liu s dng.

vKhng tht s ph hp vi cc h thng tng tc.

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M hnh pipe and filter

Tn" M hnh pipe and filter"

M t" Vic x l d liu trong mt h thng c t chc sao cho mi component x l (filter) l ri rc v tin hnh mt loi x l d liu. Dng d liu (pipe) i t mt component n mt component khc x l. /

Khi no s dng"

Thng s dng trong cc ng dng x l d liu ( c ng dng x l khi v x l giao tc) trong cc u vo c x l cc giai on ri rc to ra cc u ra tng ng./

u im" D hiu v h tr vic ti s dng chuyn i. Kiu dng d liu ph hp vi cu trc ca ca nhiu quy trnh cng vic. Tin ha bng cch thm vo cc chuyn i l d dng. C th ci t theo kiu h thng tun t hoc song song./

Nhc im" Format ca d liu truyn i phi c chp thun trong vic giao tip gia cc chuyn i. Mi chuyn i phi phn tch c php u vo ca n v chuyn n thnh u ra dng c chp nhn. iu ny gy kh khn trong vic ti s dng cc chuyn i hm m cu trc d liu khng tng thch./

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V d v kin trc pipe and filter

Read issuedinvoices

Identifypayments

Issuereceipts

Findpayments

due

Receipts

Issuepaymentreminder

Reminders

Invoices Payments

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Ni dung


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Cc kin trc ng dng

vCc h thng ng dng c thit k p ng nhu cu ca mt t chc.

vV cng vic c nhiu im chung, cc h thng ng dng cng c xu hng c kin trc chung phn nh cc yu cu ng dng.

vKin trc ng dng tng qut l mt kin trc cho mt loi h thng phn mm c cu hnh v iu chnh to ra mt h thng p ng cc yu cu c th.

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S dng cc kin trc ng dng

vNh l im khi u ca thit k kin trc.

vNh l mt checklist v thit k. vNh mt cch t chc cng vic ca

nhm pht trin phn mm. vNh l mt phng tin nh gi

vic ti s dng cc component. vNh l kho t vng bn v cc loi ng dng.

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V d v loi ng dng

vng dng x l d liu Cc ng dng hng d liu trong x l d liu khi m khng

c s can thip ca ngi dng trong sut qu trnh x l.

vng dng x l giao tc ng dng d liu trung tm trong x l cc yu cu ngi

dng v cp nht thng tin trong mt c s d liu h thng.

vH thng x l s kin ng dng trong cc hot ng ca h thng ph thuc vo vic

din gii cc s kin t mi trng h thng.

vH thng x l ngn ng ng dng trong nh ca ngi dng c c t trong cc

ngn ng hnh thc v c x l, din gii bi h thng.

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V d v loi ng dng

vTp trung vo h thng x l giao tc v x l ngn ng.

vH thng x l giao tc H thng thng mi in t; H thng t ch.

vH thng x l ngn ng Trnh bin dch; Din gii lnh.

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H thng x l giao tc

vX l cc yu cu ngi dng v thng tin t mt c s d liu hoc cc yu cu cp nht c s d liu.

vT gc ca mt ngi s dng, mt giao tc l: Mt chui lin tc cc thao tc tha mn mt mc

tiu; V d: tm thi gian ca cc chuyn bay t London ti

Paris. vNgi dng thc hin cc yu cu

khng ng b v dch v sau c x l bi mt b qun l giao tc.

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Cu trc ca ng dng x l giao tc

I/Oprocessing

Applicationlogic

Transactionmanager Database

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Kin trc phn mm ca h thng ATM

Input Process Output

ATM Database ATM

Get customeraccount id

Query account

Print details

Return card

Dispense cash

Update account

Validate card

Select service

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Kin trc h thng thng tin

vCc h thng thng tin c cu trc tng qut c th c t chc theo kiu cu trc phn tng.

vy l nhng h thng da vo giao tc v tng tc vi h thng ny thng l cc giao tc c s d liu.

vCc tng bao gm: The user interface User communications Information retrieval System database

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Kin trc phn tng ca h thng thng tin

User interface

User communications

Information retrieval and modification

Transaction management

Database

Authentication andauthorization

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Kin trc ca h thng MHC-PMS

Web browser

Reportgeneration

Transaction management

Patient database

Login Form and menumanagerData

validationRole checking

Securitymanagement

Patient info.manager

Data importand export

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Cc h thng thng tin da vo web

vH thng qun l ti nguyn v thng tin thng l cc h thng da vo web trong giao din ngi dng c ci t trn web browser.

vV d, cc h thng thng mi in t l cc h thng qun tr ti nguyn da vo internet m trong cc n t hng in t v hng ha hay dch v c chp nhn, cc n hng ny sau c ln lch giao cho khch hng.

vTrong h thng thng mi in t, tng ng dng cha cc tnh nng b sung h tr gi hng trong ngi dng c th t nhiu mn hng trn cc giao tc khc nhau sau tnh tin chung trong mt giao tc n.

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Ci t pha server

vNhng h thng ny thng c ci t theo kiu kin trc a tng client-server Web server chu trch nhim giao tip vi ngi dng,

giao din ngi dng c ci t s dng web browser;

Server ng dng chu trch nhim ci t cc chc nng ng dng c th cng nh lu tr thng tin v truy vn yu cu;

Server c s d liu chuyn thng tin t v n c s d liu v nm quyn qun l giao tc.

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H thng x l ngn ng

vChp nhn mt ngn ng t nhin hoc ngn ng nhn to lm u vo v to ra mt biu din khc ca ngn ng .

vC th cha mt b din gii thc hin cc ch dn lnh trong ngn ng c x l.

vc dng trong cc tnh hung trong cch d nht x l vn l m t mt thut ton hoc m t d liu h thng.

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Kin trc ca mt h thng x l ngn ng

Sourcelanguage

instructions

Data Results

Translator

Interpreter

Abstract m/cinstructions

Check syntaxCheck semanticsGenerate

FetchExecute

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Cc component ca trnh bin dch

vB phn tch t vng, ly cc token u vo, chuyn i chng thnh mt hnh thc trung gian.

vBng k hiu, lu gi thng tin v tn thc th (bin, tn lp, tn i tng, ...) c s dng trong vn bn cn bin dch.

vB phn tch c php, kim tra c php ca ngn ng cn bin dch.

vCy c php l mt biu din cu trc bn trong m chng trnh c dch.

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Cc component ca trnh bin dch

vB phn tch ng ngha: s dng thng tin t cy c php v bng k hiu kim tra tnh ng n v ng ngha ca vn bn ngn ng u vo.

vB pht sinh m : duyt qua cy c php v sinh ra m my tru tng.

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Kin trc pipe and filter ca trnh bin dch

Lexicalanalysis

Syntacticanalysis

Semanticanalysis

Codegeneration

Symbol table

Syntax tree

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Kin trc repository cho h thng x l ngn ng

Syntaxanalyzer

Lexicalanalyzer

Semanticanalyzer

Abstractsyntax tree

Grammardefinition

Symboltable

Outputdefinition

Pretty-printer

Editor

Optimizer

Codegenerator

Repository

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Tng kt

v Cc m hnh ca kin trc h thng ng dng h tr vic hiu v so snh cc ng dng, thm nh thit k h thng ng dng v nh gi vic ti s dng cc component.

v Cc h thng x l giao tc l cc h thng tng tc m n cho php thng tin trong mt c s d liu c truy cp v cp nht t xa bi mt s lng ngi dng.

v H thng x l ngn ng c dng dch vn bn t mt ngn ng sang mt ngn ng khc v thc hin cc ch dn lnh c th ca ngn ng u vo. Cc h thng ny cha mt b bin dch v mt my tru tng chy ngn ng c sinh ra.

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Documents

Thiết kế kiến trúc ph n mềm - Tuyen Nguyen's ... Design... · Nội dung của slide này dựa vào các ... tán trên nhiều máy tính khác ... component hệ thống