Tigduda Tazdayrit Tamagdayt Taɣerfant

Aɣlif N Uselmed Unnig D Unadi Ussnan

Tasdawit N Akli Muḥend Ulḥaǧ N Tubiret

Asuddu N Tutlayin D Tsekliwin

Agezdu N Tutlayt D Yidles Amaziɣ

agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi£

Sɣur inelmaden: s lmendad n massa:

Wahid LAMRI Nadia BERDOUS.

Amal BOUZAIDI

ASEGGAS ASEDDAWAN

2011/2012

Asentel n tezrewt :

Asentel n tmeṭṭut deg ungal « aɛecciw n tmes »

(tasleḍt tasentalant)

Tazwert tamatut ...................………………………………………………………....……………1

Ixef amezwaru

asenfali n timiḍra tigejdanin

tazwert ………………………………………………………………………....……...............………6

I. asenfali n timiḍra tigejdanin .……………………………………....…………..............7

I. 1. Asentel ……….……………………………………………………………………………..7

I. 1.1. Tabadut n usentel i d-yefka J.P.Richard………………………………….7

I. 1.2. Tabadut n usentel deg usegzawal n uzɣan aseklan………………...7

I. 1.3.Tabadut n usentel i d-yefka SALḤI Med Akli……………………………8

I. 2. limarat n usentel………………………………………………………………………….....8

I. 2.1. Tamuɣli n Tzvetan Todorov akked Oswald Ducrot………………..8

I. 2. 2. tamuɣli n tomachevski…………………………………………………………..9

I. 2. 3. Tamuɣli n J.P.Richard.........................................................................9

I. 3. awadem …………………………………………………………………………………………..9

I. 3.1. Tamuɣli n Muḥend Akli SALḤI………………………………………………..9

I. 3. 2.Tamuɣli n Yve REUTER……………………………………………………….….10

Taggrayt………………………………………………..………………………………………….……12

Ixef wis sin

Asisen s ungal

Tazwert....................................................................................................................14

I. Awal ɣef umaru………………….......…………………………………………………............15

II. Agzul n ungal Aɛecciw n tmes….......……………………………………………..........16

III. Tasleḍt n ungal……………………………………………………………………..................19

III. 1. seg tama n talɣa………………………………………………………………............19

III. 2. seg tama n ugbur………………………………………………………………..........20

III. 3. Seg tama n wadeg ………………………………………………………………........21

III. 4. Seg tama n wakud………………………………………………………………........21

III. 5. seg tama n yiwudam……………………………………………………………………….22

III. 5.1. Iwudam n tlawin deg ungal aɛecciw n tmes....................................22

III. 5.2. Iwudam n yergazen..............................................................................23

Taggrayt:..................................................................................................................24

Ixef wis kraḍ

Tameṭṭut deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”

Tazwert....................................................................................................................26

I. Azal n tmeṭṭut di tmetti taqbaylit..................................................................27

II. Adeg n tmeṭṭut deg ungal aɛecciw n tmes....................................................29

III. Isental n ungal aɛecciw n tmes.......................................................................31

III. 1. Asentel n lḥif…………………………..…………………………………………..........31

III. 1.1. limarat usentel n lḥif……………..…………..…………………………………...31

III. 1.1.1. laẓ ..…………………………………………………………………………………….…31

III. 1.1.2. Amenṭer...............................................................................................32

III. 1.2. assaɣ yellan ger usentel d limarat-is..………………………………………32

III. 2. Asentel n leḥqara………………………………………………………………..……..32

III. 2.1. Limarat i d-iskanen asentel n leḥqara..............................................32

III. 2.1.1. tameṭṭut mi ara teḥqar tameṭṭut..……………….……………………….32

III. 2.1.2. yir zwaǧ …………………………………………………………………………...…...32

III. 2.1.2.1. zwaǧ s ulwes……………..…………………………………………………………33

III. 2.1.2.2. zwaǧ n tmectuḥt d umɣar bessif…..……………………………………33

III. 2.1.2.3. zwaǧ ɣef takna……..…………………………………………………………….34

III. 2.1.3. Atɛeddi ɣef teqcict………………………………………………………………...35

III. 2.1.4. Tameṭṭut mi ara tt-yeḥqer urgaz-is………………………………………35

III. 2.1.5. Lḥzen mi ara d-tlal teqcict…………………………………………………….36

III. 2.2. Assaɣ yellan ger limarat-agi d usentel……………………………………..36

III. 3. Asentel n lferḥ……………………………………………………………………………36

III. 3.1. Limarat n usentel n lferḥ…………………………………………………………36

III. 3.1.1. Zwaǧ n tayri…………………………………………………………………………..37

III. 3.1.2. Talalit n uqcic ……………………………………………………………………….37

III. 3.2. Assaɣ yellan ger limarat-agi d usentel n lferḥ………………………….38

Tggrayt …………………………………………………………………………………………………....39

Taggrayt tamatut……………………………………………………………………………………..40

Di tazwara ad as-nini tanemmirt war tillas i massa BERDUS Nadya

i yellan i lmendad n tezrewt-agi si tazwara alma d tagara.

Tanemmirt i yimawlan-nneɣ i yellan d aɣbalu n is-id-nugem tazmert,

nessaram kan aɣ-surfen leɛtab-nsen.

Tanemmirt i yselmaden-nneɣ, yal yiwen s yisem-is.

Tanemmirt i BUƐEQLIN Takfarinas i aɣ-iɛawnen deg umahil-agi.

Amahil-agi ad t-buddeɣ i baba d yemma ɛzizen fell-i.

I watmaten-iw Amaziɣ d Yasmin d farouk i ḥemleɣ aṭas.

I xwal-i d leɛmum-iw.

I tefruxt-iw Ḥakima.

I camarade Takfarinas, Lotfi d Allawa.

I Ǧumad, mass Xaled, d Maǧid.

I Nuria, Ɛadel, Racid, Ɛaziz, Kamal, Fuad, Ḥmed.

I yemdukal d temdukal ilemden deg ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ n tubiret.

I yimeɣrasen n tugdut d tlelli, d kra yeɣlin neɣ yettidiren s tmaziɣt.

I wid i iḥemlen d wid ḥemleɣ.

Waḥid.

Amahil-agi ad t-buddeɣ i baba d yemma ézizen fell-i aṭas .

I wergaz-iw Brahim d twacult-is.

I watmaten-iw Sami, Abdrahim, d yessetma Samia, Muna

I xali REMMINI Ḥemmud.

I temdukal-iw Fairuz, Sabrina, Nasima, Linda.

I yemdukal-iw WaḤid, Xaled, Mensur

Amal.

Tazwert tamatut:

Tasekla n tmaziɣt tettnerni seg tallit ɣer tayeḍ, tewweḍ-d ɣer tizi n

wass-a. Mi d-tekker tsuta i irefden asafu n tira, tewwi-d amaynut ladɣa deg

wayen yeɛnan tasrit, anida id-banenet aṭas n tewsatin , ger-asent : ungal,

amezgun, tullizin, diɣen isefra anida id-banen wammuden n yisefra yettwarun.

Yal yiwet si tewsatin-agi tesɛa amḍiq-is d wazal-is di tmetti, deg usnerni

n tmusni, yal tawsit tessazal tikta, tkeččem s allaɣen.

Ma nefren-d tawsit n ungal aqbayli, ad t-naf yuɣ-d aẓar seg useggas n

1940 ɣef ufus n Belɛid At ƐLI, i yuran “Lwali n udrar”, i ḥesben inagmayen d

ungal amezwaru deg tsekla taqbaylit1. Seg wassen, ur d-iban ara wungal niḍen,

sebbat n waya aṭas, akken i d-tenna Ms GALLAND-PERNET: « Ma yella ass-a ulac

ungal s tutlayt n teqbaylit, annect-a, ssebba-s d uguren n tmetti akked tdamsa,

mačči d lexṣaṣ n usnulfu aseklan ».(2) armi d aseggas n 1980, anda i d-beɛzeqen

ilmeẓyen isdawaniyen i d-yennan ala i lbaṭel. Tidyanin-agi n 1980 neɣ tafsut

imaziɣen, rnant afud i wid yebɣan ad rren azal i tmaziɣt, am yemyura i as-igan

amkan deg unnar n tira, dayen i ten-iǧǧan ad sazlen syin akkin amru-nsen ɣef

tmagit, d yidles aqbayli, gar-asen ƐELLIC Racid i yuran “Asfel” deg useggas n

1981.

Abeḥri n tira, yegla-d yid-s aṭas n yimyura yettarun s teqbaylit, am Saɛid

SEƐDI yuran “askuti” deg useggas n 1983, Racid ƐELLIC yerna-d ungal niḍen

iwumi isemma “fafa”kraḍ n yiseggasen mbeɛd.

Deg useggas n 1990 yerna-d umaru niḍen ɣer twacult-agi taseklant wagi

d Ɛmar MEZDAD i d-yuran kraḍ n wungalen, yebda-tt s ungal “Iḍ d wass” i d-

yessufeɣ deg useggas n 1990, mraw iseggasen mbeɛd yerna-d win iwumi

1 MEDJDOUB Kamel, “de lwali n udrar à Bururu”, aɣmis n El Watan, id yefɣen ass n 20 - 04 -2010. 2GALLAND Pernet, Acte du 1er Congrès des cultures méditerranéennes d’influences arabo-berbère, éd. SNED. 1973, p. 329.

isemma “ tagrest urɣu”, ungal–is aneggaru d win yura deg useggas n 2006,

isemma-as “ Ass-nni”.

Tawsit-agi tettnerni, tenǧer-d iberdan niḍen, s tlalit n tsuta tamaynut, i

iddan d zzman akken yella, imi amaru yettaru ayen yettidir neɣ ayen tettidir

tmetti-is, imi ungal alaḥsab n STENDHAL, d lemri n tmetti.(3) xas akken uguren

uggten, maca am wakken i d as-yenna M.MƐEMRI: “ win yebɣan ad yarreẓ

asalu, ad yeddu akken yufa, mačči aken yebɣa”, seg wigi ad d-naf Brahim

TAZAƔART i d-yuran “salas d nuja” , d Tahar Weld Ɛmar i d-yuran “Bururu”,

ǧǧan asentel n tmagit, ssuggten awal ɣef wayen tettidir tmetti-nsen, am lḥif,

rebrab, tayri, ladɣa asentel n tmeṭṭut i yellan ur yesɛi ara azal di tmetti

taqbaylit, maca nitni wwin-d fell-as awal, uran ɣef tmeṭṭut taqbaylit d wamek

tettidir.

Asentel-agi, yessuzel imru, imi yal amaru s tmuɣli-s, yal anagal yeɛreḍ ad

aɣ-d-yessiweḍ azal n tmeṭṭut d wamek i tettidir, yal yiwen amek yerẓa asalu,

maca ger wagi d wihin yennulfa-d wayen iɣelben akk aya, tennulfa-d tmeṭṭut

tamezwarut i yuran ungal, tenna-d belli ungal yezmer ad yili d unti, tegr-d

iman-is deg wannar anida ala irgazen i yellan serwaten deg-s, ahat teɛred ad

aɣ-d-awi tamuɣli niḍen ɣef usentel-agi, am wakken i d-tenna nettat :« Akken

yebɣu urgaz yewwi-d ɣef tmeṭṭut, yeεreḍ ad yekcem di ssura-s, ur yezmir ara

ad yidir am nettat tuqqda n-tirget yesseknafen lejwareḥ-is. Ala win yettewten i

izemren ad d-iḥulfu s uknaf i yezzan tasa-s. Ur cukkeɣ ara yezmer ad yazzel

wawal ɣef yiles n urgaz am wakken ara yazzel ɣef win n tmeṭṭut, imi ulac win

izemren ad yesfru lqerḥ n tallest am nettat s timmad-is”.4 Akka i d-tenna

Linda KUDAC tanagalt tamezwarut, i d-yuran ungal iwumi tsemma “ Aɛecciw n

tmes” i d-yefɣen deg useggas n 2009 deg teẓrigin tasekla, di Tizi wezzu.

3 Michel RAIMAND. Le roman, Ed. Armand Colin ,2éme éd, Paris2002. 4 KUDAC Linda di Radyu tis snat, tadwilt « seg timawit ɣer tira ». Avril 2012.

Neffren ad nexdem tasleḍt tasentalant5 i wungal-agi, imi d tameṭṭut i t-

id-yuran, imi “wagi yellan gar ifassen nwen/nkent d amezwaru, akken daɣen

seg imezwura urant teqbayliyin, imi llant azal n xemsa neɣ setta mazal ur d-

ffiɣen ara yakan”6, nebɣa ad nẓer amek i d-temmeslay ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut.

Ma nger tamawt, asentel n tmeṭṭut deg ungal n teqbaylit, uggtent fell-as

tezrawin, ɛerḍen akk inagalen ad aɣ-d-awin azal-is di tmetti taqbaylit d

wamek i tettidir deg-s, maca ayen ixulfen deg tezrawt-nneɣ, anagal d tameṭṭut,

d tikkelt tamezwarut i d-tehḍer tmeṭṭut ɣef yiman-is deg ungal, nebɣa ad nzer

dacu n tmuɣli id aɣ-d-tewwi? D acu i d amaynut i d-tewwi tnagalt Linda

Kudac deg ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes” ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut?

Tezmzer ad tili tmuɣli n Linda Kuda ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut d tamaynut,

teṣṣaweḍ-d s tidet, i tikelt tamezwarut ayen tettidir tmeṭṭut di tmetti n

leqbayel. Neɣ ahat, tezmer ad tili tmuɣli-is ɣer usentel-agi am tin n tmetti kif

kif. D ayen ara nzer di tezrewt-agi-nneɣ.

Amahil-agi nebḍat ɣef kraḍ n yixfawen, deg yixef amezwaru, neɛreḍ ad

d-nessenfali sin n wawalen igejdanen i ɣef tebna tesleḍt tasentalant wigi: d

asentel akked limarat n usentel. Nwala belli isefk fell-aɣ ad nernu “awadem”

ɣer tmiḍra-agi i ilaqen ad d-nsenfali, imi awadem yesɛa azal deg tezrewt-agi-

nneɣ.

Ma yella deg yixef wis-sin, ad d-nawi awal ɣef umaru, ad neg agzul i

ungal, syin akkin ad nexdem tasleḍt i ungal si tama n talɣa d ugbur, adeg, akud,

akked yiwudam, i wakken ad d-nessisen ungal.

Deg yixef wis kraḍ, ad yili wawal ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti

taqbaylit, d wadeg-is deg ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes” syin akkin ad d-nekkes

isental igejdanen icudden ɣer tmeṭṭut.

5Tasleḍt tasentalant= analyse thématique 6 CHEMMAKH Said, tazwart n ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”, anebdu 2008.

Tazwert

Am wakken i d-nenna di tezwert tamatut, tarrayt i nefren ad tt-neḍfer

deg umahil-agi nneɣ d tasleḍt tasentalant, i yebnan ɣef kraḍ n timiḍra d

tigejdanin s ɛant azal d ameqran deg tesleḍt tasentalant, tigi d asentel, akked d

limarat n usentel.

Nwala belli yessefk fell-aɣ ad d-nesenfali daɣen awadem imi yesɛa

assaɣ s wazal-is di tezrewt-agi-nneɣ.

I. Asenfali n timiḍra tigejdanin

i wakken ad nessiweḍ ad d-nessenfali kraḍ n timiḍra id-nebder yakan

(asentel, limarat n usentel, iwudam)7, nefren ad nefk kra n tbadutin i yal yiwet

deg-sent.

I. 1. Asentel

asentel yesɛa azal agejdan deg tesleḍt tasentalant. Asentel yemmal-d

assaɣ yellan deg lebɣi n umaru. Deg usenfali-agi nsenned ɣer tsedduyin n J.P.

RICHARD, akked d tezrewt n SALHI Med Akli.

I. 1. 1. Tabadut n usentel i d-yefka J.P.Richard

Deg lewhi n J.P. Richard: “isental imeqranen deg yidlisen, wid I yebnan

taɣessa-s yefren, d nitni i ilaqen ad aɣ-d-begnen tasarut n tudssa,

ttwasqerdcen s tuget, d wid yettemlilin d tegnit ibanen. Tulsa da, neɣ anda

niḍen temmal-d amlak.”8

S tmuɣli n twuri, asentel s wudem yettbanen, s tulsa-is, yezmer ad icudd

ɣer tikti n ubeddel deg unnar n tẓuri, imi temmal-d win ad tt-id-yemmalen,

assaɣ-is d laṣel-is.9

I. 1. 2. Tabadut n usentel deg usegzawal n uzɣan aseklan

“Deg uzɣan aseklan, asentel yemmal-d tikti am tayri, tamettant, aslali,

agama…atg, ara yettwasemrasen s wudmawen yemgaraden deg udlis. Isental

n udlis, I yettwasxedmen s wudem arusrid, ur d-yettban ara deg wassaḍ, d-

yettbanen s tidet. Isental yefren, sumata llan s tɣessiwin n ssaḥ, diɣen

7 (Thématique, thème, motif, personnages) 8Tebder-it-id Megdouda Djazia, asentel n Nnger deg kra n tezlatin n Matoub LOUNAS, takatut n taggara n turagt, Tizi Ouzou. Roger JEROME, la critique littéraire, éd Dunod, Paris, 1997, sb.53. « Les thèmes majeurs d’une œuvre, ceux qui en forment l’invisible architecture, et qui doivent pouvoir nous livrer la clef de son organisation, ce sont ceux qui s’y trouvent développés le plus souvent, qui s’y rencontrent avec une fréquence visible exceptionnelle. La répétition, ici comme ailleurs, signale l’obsession. » 9 Ibid. sb.53.

mgaraden deg unnar n tesnilest, awalen d tugniwin. Kra seg wawalen-a,

zemmren ad d-fken awalen isental. iferdisen-a, mmalen-d ayen iwumi neqqar

limarat n usentel.”10

I. 1. 3.Tabadut n usentel i d-yefka SALḤI Med Akli

Muḥend Akli SALḤI yenna-d belli asentel: “yemmal-d takti (am tayri, am

yinig, am ttar, am tmettant, atg) iɣef d-yewwi uḍris. Yettban-d usentel n uḍris

ama deg uzeṭṭa n wawalen (awalen, mqaraben deg unamek) ama deg uzeṭṭa

anamkan (tifyar d tugniwin n uɣanib,mqarabent deg unamek).”11

Ihi asentel d yiwen n ssenf i izemren ad yili di teɣzi n uḍris neɣ n udlis,

yettban-d s lqima-s akked tezmert-is n uskan. Asentel yettaban-d s wawal neɣ

s tugna daxel n uḍris.

I. 2. limarat n usentel:

Ad neɛreḍ ad d-nefk timuɣliwin n kra n inagmayen, ɣef limarat n usentel.

I. 2. 1. Tamuɣli n Tzvetan TODOROV akked Oswald DUCROT

limarat n usentel sɛant azal d ameqran am usentel deg tesleḍt

tasentalant “ nettnadi yal tikkelt ad nebḍu aḍris d iḥricen imectaḥ i isehlen i

ufham; […], nettnadi ad taweḍ tesleḍt ɣer lebɛed n yiswiyen-is: Tomachovski

yewweḍ almi I d-yenna: (“yal tafyirt tesɛa limart-is, lmeɛna-s d aḥric amectuḥ

maḍi n tɣawsa tasentalant”)…”12

10

Joëlle Gardes-Tamine, Marie Clande Hubert, CRITICA : dictionnaire de critique littéraire, Ed. Cérès, 1998, P.P. 314-315. « en critique littéraire, le mot (thème) désigne un concept, une idée, comme l’amour, la mort, la création, la nature, etc.., qui va être développée sous différentes forme dans une œuvre *…+. Les thèmes d’une œuvre, qui sont souvent sous-jacents ou formulés indirectement, ne s’identifie pas avec son sujet, qui est clairement affirmé. Les thèmes qui son abstraits et généraux, s’incarnent dans des formes concrètes et particulières à travers le matériel linguistique, les mots les images. Certain de ces mots sont récurrents et peuvent constituer des mots-thèmes *…+. Ces éléments constituent ce que l’on appelle des motifs. » 11 SALḤI Muḥend Akli, asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla, Ed. L’odyssee, 2012, sb 40. 12 TODOROV Tzvetan et DUCROT Oswald, Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage, Ed. Du Seuil, 1972. PP 280-281. « on a toujours, cherché à découper l’ensemble d’un texte en unités plus petites et plus intelligible ;*…+, on cherche à poussé l’analyse de plus en plus loin : Tomachoveski allait jusqu'à la proposition (« chaque

2. 2. tamuɣli n Tomachevski

“… Tomacheveski icudd tizrawin-is ɣer yeḥricen imectaḥ n la (syntaxe)

(ayen iwumi yeqqar limarat n usentel), yefka-d tamuɣli-is ɣef ugzam n

tɣessiwin “aqɛad n limarat ɣef leḥsab n taggayin i d-yeglem”, “limarat

yettbeddilen tagnit, ssawalen-asen limarat n usentel i iteddun, wid ur

yettbeddilen ara, d limarat ur i teddun ara”.13

I. 2. 3. Tamuɣli n J.P.Richard

limarat n usentel: ahilen n J.P.Richard ssebganen-d anerni n tarrayt

tasentalant ɣer tesleḍt talqayant n tmeslayt n umaru. Deg tɣuri tameẓyant . ad

d-nebdu deg “tesleḍt n tegnatin tiḍarsanin akken ad naweḍ ɣer tɣessiwin

tisentalanin” J.P. Richard yebɣa ad yessebgen tulsiwin, am uferreq n tayyunin

n tummest (lemɛani) i d-yemmalen talɣa taɣessant deg uḍris, n lebɣi neɣ n

tikti ur nettbeddil ara”.14

I. 3. awadem

Deg tbadut n uwadem, ad nsenned ɣef snat n tezrawin, tin n Muḥend

Akli SALḤI, d tin Yves RUTER.

I. 3. 1. Tamuɣli n Muḥend Akli SALḤI

Muḥand Akli SALḤI yenna-d ɣef uwadem belli “d aferdis agejdan di

tesleḍt n tsiwelt, am netta am tigawt, am tkerrist, am wakud, am wadeg. Ur

proposition possède son propre motif » c'est-à-dire ce qui est la « plus petite particule du matériau thématique »)… » 13TODOROV Tzvetan et DUCROT Oswald, Ibid. PP 281-282. « … Tomachoveski s’attache à l’étude de la plus petite unité syntaxique (encore qu’il l’appelle « motif » et la fasse coïncider avec la proposition) ; et il propose une première subdivision des prédicats «classant les motifs suivant l’action objective qu’ils décrivent », « les motifs qui changent la situation s’appellent des motifs dynamique, ceux qui ne la changent pas, des motifs statiques… » 14 Roger JEROME, Op. Cit. P 55. « … les travaux les plus récente de J.P. Richard attestent l’évolution de la démarche thématique vers l’analyse minutieuse des traits du langage de l’écrivain. Ainsi, dans Micro lectures, c’est en partant « de l’analyse des faits textuels pour rejoindre les structures thématique », *…+ J.P.Richard tente de repérer …, les répétition comme les disséminations d’élément des sens qui relèvent la forme structurante, au niveau du texte, d’un désir ou d’une obsession ».

issefk ara ad isseɛdel yiwen gar uwadem akked umdan. Awadem, ittili kan deg

uḍris. Tudert-is, teqqen ɣer tin n uḍris; tbeddu s wawalen imezwura n

teḥkayt, tkeffu s taggara n tɣuri n teḥkayt”15. Yerna-d: “di tsekla, amaru,

isemras sin n iberdan iwakken ad d-yeglem (ad d-iweṣef) awadem: aglam

usrid d uglam arusrid. Yettili uglam d usrid mi ara ilin isallen (abeɛda ɣef

uwadem) yettakk-iten-id umsawel qbala mebla tuzzya deg wawal.”16 Ma d

aglam arusrid yenna-d fell-as: “ittili deg yiferdisen niḍen n uḍris n tsiwelt neɣ

deg uglam n wadeg akked tiggawin n uwadem: d afham ara yefhem win

yeqqaren lewṣayef n uwadem s lewṣayef n wadeg anda yettili neɣ s wayen

ixeddem.17

I. 3. 2.Tamuɣli n Yves REUTER

Deg lewhi n Yves REUTER “di tazwara, awadem yettban-d s keffu n

temlilt-is. Ilugan-is d Tulsa, d iwudam-nni kan id-yettuɣalen deg uḍris ɣer

wayeḍ, imi d nitni i d-yessebganen udem n tilawt di tmetti akken iwata.

Tudert-nsen deg uḍris tban sani ara taweḍ. Iwudam ttidiren deg uḍris, mebla

tilelli, imi yettuhegga di tazwara wayen ara sɛeddin. Aṭas n tmuɣliwin i yellan

fell-asen: kra d tid n tmetti, ur yettaɛzalen ara amdan ɣef urbaɛ-is akked

tmurt-is, tiyaḍ d tugzimin i d-yettḥettimen amek ara yili usnulfu, amek ara

yettwasen ɣer yimsefliden, ayen yesdarayen aglam d trirt-is ɣer yiluggan d

wansayen n yidles18.

Imeslay-d daɣen ɣef unerni d ubeddel n yiwudam yenna-d belli: “yella-

d unerni deg talliyin tilemmasin akked tazwara n lqern wis 17. Iwudam

ttbeddilen ilmend n tmetti, ttnernin s useḍres n lewṣayef n tfekka i yuggten,

ɣef waya i d-tban “tezwert n ubeddel” ger tazwara d tagara n ungal. Imi,

15 SALḤI Muḥend Akli. Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla, éd. L’odysse. 2012. P 40. 16 Ibid. PP 40-41. 17 Ibid. P 41. 18 REUTER Yves. Introduction a l’analyse du roman, éd. Armand Colin. P23.

iwudam ur xedmen ara kan tamlilt i d- asen-yettunefken, maca ttidiren udem

n tilawt di tmetti (lmeḥna, zzɛaf, aktayen…). Azal n yiwudam yettemgarad, imi

tasiwelt teskan-d s tidet wid yelhan d wid n dir, d uɛeddi deg tmetti ur isegmen

ara, diɣen ur yelli ara deg-s aṭas n umgired ger yemdanen, abani n umezruy

akked tudert n “uwḥid”, akked tenmegla ger wazalen-a, slalen-d udmawen

imaynuten i yiwudam.19

19REUTER Yves ,Ibid. P 34.

Taggrayt

Ɣef wakken i nwala, tarrayt tasentalant d taẓrewt yebnan ɣef sin n

yimenzayen: asentel d limarat n usentel.

Ihi asentel d taɣawsa n teẓrewt n tsentalant i yettilin sumata, d wayen

iwumi neqqar limarat n usentel, i yellan di sin yid-sen d tayyunin tisentalanin.

Deg yixef wis sin ad d-yili wawal ɣef usisen n ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes”.

Tazwert:

Deg yixef wis sin, ad neɛreḍ ad d-nawi awal ɣef ungal “aɛecciw n tmes” s

umata, i wakken ad t-id-nessisen, anida ad d-nemmeslay ɣef tmarut d wayyen i

texdem yakan, syin akin ad d-neg agzul i ungal, ad nernu ɣer-s tasleḍt n ungal

si tama n talɣa, agbur, akud, d wadeg, d yiwudam i iddren deg ungal aɛecciw n

tmes.

I. Awal ɣef umaru

Linda KUDAC ger tlawin timezwura yuran ṣṣenf-agi n tsekla “ungal”, ur

ṭṭuqtent ara tlawin timagalin n tmaziɣt, tettwassen yakan ɣer yimeɣriyen

iqbayliyen d yimaziɣen, tlul ass n 12 Tuber 1975 di Mecriya lwilaya n NƐAMA.

Uqbel ad tuɣal d anagal, tella d tamedyazt, imi tura yakan kraḍ (3) n

wamuden n yisfra, sin s tefransist : Comme une forêt de mots dits (2001), L’aube

vierge (2003), d yiwen s teqbaylit: Lliɣ uqbel ad iliɣ (2005).

Mačči daya kan imi Linda KUDAC tura tullist, tinna i wumi i tsemma

anagi n tudert I yettwasuqlen ɣer tefransist, dɣa s yis i d-tewwi araz deg

temzizelt-nni “forume de femmes mideteranie” deg useggas n 2006. Araz d win

i imudden tabɣest i Linda KUDAC i wakken ad taru ungal deg useggas n 2009,

win Iwumi tsemma Aɛecciw n tmes. Dɣa ɣef wayen tura, tenna-d di Rradyu tis-

snat deg tedwilt “seg timawit ɣer tira”: « … ass amezwaru bdiɣ ttaruɣ

tamedyazt s tefransist akked teqbaylit, cwiṭ cwiṭ uɣaleɣ ɣer tullist anda i ttekiɣ

di “forume femmes mideteranie. Mi id-wwiɣ araz di temzizelt-agi, dayen I

yefkan tabɣest I wakken ad aruɣ ungal…”20

20 KUDAC Linda, di Radyu tis-snat, tadwilt “seg timawit ɣer tira”. Ass n 14 Février 2012.

II. Agzul n ungal Aɛecciw n tmes

Faḍma d xalti-s Cabḥa tessemlal-itent lmut d waṭṭan n tiffis i yewwin

akk imawlan-nsent, ttidirent akken, ta tettaɛraḍ ad tt-settu i tayeḍ iɣeblan-is,

imi ddrent ussan berriken deg tuttra d umenṭer seg uxxam ɣer wayeḍ, ttnadint

ansi ara d-awint taleqqimt n uɣrum ad rrent tiremt, neɣ aceṭṭiḍ ad ṣṣrent

iman-nsent.

Yiwen n wass, sbaɛdent tikli, iḥers-itent ugeffur d usemmiḍ, rrant ɣer

uxxam n Dda Saɛid, amerkanti n taddart. Teldi-asent Nna Lǧuher, tameṭṭut n

Dda Saɛid tawwurt, tɣaḍ-itt liḥala ideg llant, terra-tent ɣer uɛecciw n tmes,

akken i truḥ ad asent-d-tnadi acu ara asent-tefk, d aɛwin neɣ d aceṭṭiḍ, Tesla i

Faḍma tuɣwas, teṭṭerḍeq d imeṭṭi, tuzzel ɣer-s ; d xalti-s Cabḥa i yemmuten,

yenɣa-tt usemmiḍ. Nna Lǧuher, yeffeɣ-itt leɛqel, teffeɣ tettsuɣu : « Abuh, ɣer

da, temmut tmeṭṭut d taberranit deg uxxam-iw ! »

Dda Saɛid yuɣit lḥal di tḥanut, mi t-id-yewweḍ lexbar, yuɣal-d s axxam, yufat-

id yeččur d lɣaci, ttqcict tameɣbunt tettru ɣef xalti-s yemmuten, tin ur nesɛi

ḥedd d lwali neɣ win ara tt-ijemɛen ; tɣaḍ-it. Yerra-as irebbi, yenna-as : « Ur

ttaggad a yelli, aql-i da, ad kem-ḥesbeɣ am yelli, acemma ur kem-yettxas ! »

Nna Lǧuher xas akken tusem, maca ur yezmir ad tt-id-yali wawal, imi argaz-is

d bab n wawal, d argaz bu tissas, yessnen taqbaylit.

Seg wass-nni, Nna Lǧuher tewwi-tt-id deffir n tgujilt meskint, ur as-tettaǧǧa

ara ; rregmat d tiseɣlit n leqder, cwi kan Faḍma tufa Ǧamila, tameṭṭut n

Ḥemmic, mmi-s ameqqran n Dda Saɛid ɣer yidis-is, tettiḥnin ɣer-s, tettekkes-as

ɣef wul-is, tettɣaḍ-itt : llant deg uxxam am tsetmatin.

Zrin wussan, liḥala n tmeɣbunt-nni n faḍma d tin kan, almi d asmi d-

uɣalen warraw n Dda Saɛid s axxam, nitni ixeddmen deg tezenzut mebɛid ɣef

uxxam. Faḍma d Ǧamila llant deg tala ssirident iceṭṭiḍen. Akken i d-kecment s

axxam, mlalent wallen d wulawen n Faḍma d Lɛerbi, mmi-s wis sin n Dda Saɛid,

imi taqcict d tiziri, tecbeḥ dayen kan, nettat, tessers aqerru-s seg leḥya, teffeɣ.

Lɛerbi yessuter ad tt-yaɣ, yemma-s tugi, tebɣa ad as-d-tawi yelli-s n

weltma-s Crifa, ma d baba-s yebɣa. Kra n wussan yuɣ-itt, gan tameɣra. Assaɣ

gar teslit d temɣart-is yeqqim akken kan, Nna Lǧuher tekreh Faḍma, Faḍma ur

as-tettarra ara, tḥemmel argaz-is aṭas. Iɛedda useggas, ilul-d Saɛid amectuḥ ɣer

Faḍma, ferḥen merra wat uxxam, ula d Nna Lǧuher xas akken tmenna lmut i

Faḍma.

Rnan akken kra n wussan, almi d asmi i terzef Nna Lǧuher ɣer weltma-s

yamina i tt-yewwin ɣer tgezzant, tefka-as-d iḥeckulen ara yesbeɛden Faḍma

seg uxxam, teɣli-d yiwet n tyemmust seg sebɛa-nni i d-tewwi deg ufus n Saɛid

amectuḥ yečča-tt, yemmut sin n yiseggasen deg leɛmer-is. Yeɣli-d leḥzen deg

uxxam, Faḍma tezza tassa-s, ma d Nna Lǧuhar ɣas akken tendem acu yiwen ur

yezri acu d-teftel, teǧǧa-tt deg yiman-is.

Xemsa n yiseggasen zrin, tlul-d Wezna ɣer Faḍma, aseggas kan mbeɛd,

Lɛerbi nɣan-t yimakaren deg ubrid, kksen-as idrimen. Tamettant-agi, tessemlal

Nna Lǧuher d Faḍma, seg wass-nni Nna Lǧuher teɛdel d Faḍma. Kra n wussan,

Qasi, mmi-s amaẓuẓ n Dda saɛid yezweǧ d Faḍma, imi deg wansayen n zik n

leqbayel, tameṭṭut ma teǧǧel, ladɣa ma tesɛa dderya, d alwes-is ur nezwiǧ ara

tt-yarren akken ad ḥerzen nnif n teslit.

Dda saɛid yettwaɣ, tezza tasa-s ɣef mmi-s d mmi-s n mmi-s yemmuten,

yeɣli-d deg waṭṭan yemmut. Qasi ur iḥemmel ara tameṭṭut-is, yuɣ-itt mebla

lebɣi, yerra-tt i leqmar, ssekran d tullas ; yeffeɣ idrimen d tḥuna i as-d-yeǧǧa

baba-s d gma-s Lɛerbi.

Ttɛeddin wussan gellun s temẓi n wezna, mi tuɣal d tilemẓit, tḥemmel

Kamal, anelmad deg tesdawit, gma-s n Sekkura, tameddakkelt-is. Ɛemmi-s

Qasi, argaz n yemma-s s tmara, i tt-iḥermen seg leqraya, yefka awal i Ɛmer

amerkanti, akken ad as-tt-yefk ɣef takna. Wezna d yemma-s ugint, ula d

ɛemmi-s Ḥemmic, d Ǧamila d jida-s ddan-d s idis-nsent.

Kra n wussan temmut yemma-s n Sekkura, axxam yeggra-d d ilem,

ruḥen akk ɣer lǧanaza, ala Wezna i d-yeggran deg uxxam. Qasi ifures tagnit,

yeḍfer Wezna ɣer uɛcciw n tmes, yerra-d tawwurt, yetɛedda ɣef lḥerma-s,

yessames nnif-is. Faḍma d Nna Lǧuher yečča-tent wurrif, ur zmirent i kra :

taqcict tesruḥ tudert-is, amek ara qablent medden, amek ara tt-ṣṣrent ?

Yuɣal-d Qasi ɣer wawal-nni amezwaru, yessuter-as ad tezweǧ d Ɛmer, tikkelt-a

teqbel imi ur as d-yeggri usirem. Nna Lǧuher yenɣa-tt wurrif, mi truḥ ad

temmet, tenna tidet i teslit-is ɣef tmettant n Saɛid amectuḥ.

Sin n wussan deffir tmettant n jida-s, Wezna tedda d tislit, d takna ɣef

Ḥmama, ur yesɛin dderya. Ɛmer yeṣṣer Wezna, ma d Ḥmama teḥseb-itt am

yelli-s, teḍmeɛ ahat ad as-d-tawi dderya, imi nettat ur tent-tesɛi ara.

Akken i ddrent, am tyestmatin, acu kan Wezna ur terfid ara s tadist imi d Ɛmer

i d iɛiqqer.

Gar waya d waya yennulfad wayen niḍen imi yiwen n wass, Qasi yenɣa

Ɛmer imi nnuɣen deg leqmar, ihi Qasi yečča-tt-id deg lḥebs, ma d Ɛmer mi

yesselqaf, yenna tidet yeffer acḥal d aseggas i Faḍma, d Ḥmama d Wezna, d

netta i yenɣan ameddakkel-is Lɛerbi, yebɣa ad yuɣal d amerkanti akken ad

yettuqader deg taddart.

Kra n wussan kan temmut Faḍma, teggra-d Wezna iman-is. Teqqim deg

uɛecciw n tmes, truḥ deg uxemem, gar targit d tidet, Yewwi-tt uxemmem ɣer

wayen yelhan ; Kamal d Sekkura kecmen-d fell-as, yessuter-itt Kamal i zzwaǧ,

teqbel. Teldi-d alen-is tufa-d deffir tewwurt ineɣmasen usan-d ad asen-teḥku

tudert-is, d wamek i d-tewweḍ ɣer tizi n wass-a ...

III. Tasleḍt n ungal

III. 1. seg tama n talɣa

Ma nezwar s uzwel n ungal-agi, ad naf sin n wawalen s wazal-nsen deg

tudert n umdan aqbayli :

Aɛecciw : d axxam neɣ d taxxamt yebnan s yisɣaren, iɣum s udles neɣ s wakal,

d axxam n uswir aneggaru deg lebni, yesdaray igellilen neɣ tiɣawsiwin

yessexdam umdan deg umahil-is

Times : d aɣbalu n tezmert d lḥamu, akken tezmer ad tili d lɣiḍ-nni i tetten deg

wul n umdan yenḥafen.

Am wakken id tenna linda KUDAC mi i d-terra ɣef usteqsi id as-d-yusan

si Radyu tis-snat, ɣef wacimi aɛecciw n tmes i d azwel n ungal-agi : «…

tamezwarut, semmaɣ-as aɛecciw n tmes imi aṭas n temsal id yeḍran deg ungal-

agi ḍranted deg uɛecciw n tmes, tis-snat aṭas n lemɛani i tesɛa tmes, ma d

aɛecciw d timetti-agi neɣ d ddunit irkel… »21

Ungal-a, d amezwaru i d-tura Linda KUDAC s tmaziɣt, yeffeɣ-d deg

useggas n 2009, yesɛa 136 isebtar, awal n tazwara yura-t Saɛid Cemax. Yewwi-d

awal ɣef lḥif d tmara i ddrent snat n tlawin, Wezna d yemma-s Faḍma:

tiggujelt, laẓ, lḥif, tamḥeqranit, leḥzen, iɣilifen, lbaṭel, tukksa n leqder d wayen

akk yessadaren azal n umdan, ayen i yettarran amdan yexnunes deg yixmir.

Ungal-a yebḍa d ixfawen, yal ixef tebda-t s yinzi yeččuren d inumak, syin akkin

ad d-tefk awal wezzilen yesɛan tawuri n uzwel neɣ d tikti tagejdant n yixef-

nni.

21 KUDAC Linda, di Radyu Tis-snta, deg tedwilt “seg timawit ɣer tira”, 14 février 2012.

III. 2. seg tama n ugbur

Deg wungal-a, tamarut neɣ tamallat, terra tudert-is d tadewwirt yuɣalen

ɣef yiman-is, tebda ungal-is s tegnit n wass-a, wwin-tt waktayen d ccfawat ɣer

zik, amek i d-tewweḍ yemma-s d xalti-s Cabḥa ɣer uɛecciw n tmes, amek i d-

teggra deg-s nettat, Wezna da-gi deg wadeg-a. Yal taɣawsa yersen deg-s

tesmektay-itt-id ɣef wayen yezrin.

Tutlayt : tessexdem tmarut tutlayt timserraḥt, maḥsub d tin i nettmeslay di

tudert n yal ass, tsekcem-d kra n wawalen atraren, akka am tilelli, izerfan,

tayri, ɣer yidis n kra wawalen iqburen am tafeggact, tadfert, aɣrum ageswaḥ,

yuyes, yexmet, taxxamt n rray, teṭṭef-itt tekeckect, maḍɣabu, taḥabakt,

…tessexdem daɣen kra n tenfaliyin icebḥen aṭas akka am: i wakken ad d-

temmeslay ɣef yir liḥala ideg llant Faḍma d xalti-s Cabḥa : “…ttemzuɣarent

amzun akken ifeẓẓ-itent lḥif, yessusef-itent-id d yiwet n tɣanimt teɛwej, teçça-

tt tfiri, tuli-tt taɣert…”22 Neɣ anda i d-teglem ccbaḥa n Faḍma : Faḍma seg-mi

tewweḍ d tameṭṭut, ad as-tiniḍ d lmalayek i isuḍen, deg-s tuɣal d tilemẓit

tecbeḥ aṭas. Lqedd-is d alemmas, ṣṣura-s d tačurant, acebbub-is d leḥrir, d

aberkan almi d ammas, lermaḥ d iberkanen, timiwin ɛedlent, ccfer ɣezzif, allen

d timeqqranin d tiberkanin am uɛeqqa n uzemmur, imi-s d axuxi, aseḍsu ines

yeɛdel d amellal, aksum-is d amellal am udfel, ireqq wudem-is amzun d asisnu.

“Win i tt-iwalan ad yewhem di zzin-is d leɛqel-is ẓẓayen d lehdur-is

iweznen…”23

Aṣṣaden: Tebna ungal-is ɣef snat n tlawin yenḥafen, wezna i d-iḥekkun ɣef

yemma-s faḍma, yesɛeddan ayen n dir.

Tenṭeq s sin n yimdanen neɣ snat n tlawin : tikkwal nekk I yettuɣalen ɣef

Faḍma, tikkwal Wezna. Deg wayen yaɛnan ay-a, dɣa tenna-d Linda KUDAC deg

22, Ungal aɛecciw n tmes, éd. Tasekla, 2009, sb 29. 23 KUDAC Linda, ibid, sb 47.

Radyu tis-snat: “sentqeɣ-d awadem d tameṭṭut fkiɣ-as ad d-ḥku tudert n

yemma-s faḍma i iɛettben aṭas di tudert-is”24

Terra tudert-is d tudert n yemma-s d aẓeṭṭa ireqmen s yal ini, d wayen akk

icudden ɣer uẓeṭṭa, seg trigliwin ɣer tyaẓilt... wagi seg tama n wamek yebna

uḍris

Turar s wawalen, tsexdem tamegla, tessemlal leḥzen d lferḥ, taḍsa d yimeṭṭi,

neɣ anda i tenna “d ass aberkan yettabaɛ ass ilem, d ass ilem yettabaɛ ass

aberkan”25

Aṭas n yinzan s wacu i tessečč ungal-is, akka am « Ma terwiḍ medden akk inek,

ma telluẓeḍ ḥedd ur k-yessin », neɣ « Akken i tesɛiḍ i teswiḍ »

Aserwes, aṭas n userwes i tessexdem.

Tigemmi : tugem-d seg tmetti taqbaylit, tessedda-d kra n wallalen n zik akka

am uḍellaɛ, tasebbalt, aẓeṭṭa...

III. 3. Seg tama n wadeg

tidyanin n ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes” ḍrant-d deg yiwet n taddart ger

tuddar n leqbayel (ur iban ara anta), am waken i d-tenna tmarut deg ungal-is: “

di tmurt n leqbayel tqubel adrar, adrar icebbaḥ taddart…”26

Meḥsub tuget n temsal i yeḍran deg ungal-agi ḍrant-d deg uɛecciw n tmes.

Aɛecciw n tmes d amkan iḍeyqen, tlul-d deg-s Wezna, temmut deg-s Xalti-s n

Yemma-s d Faḍma, dinna i itɛedda Qasi ɣef faḍma, dinna i tt-id-ufan

yineɣmasen.

III. 4. Seg tama n wakud

Tidyanin n wungal-a ḍrant deffir kan n timmunent. Am waken i d-

yettban deg ungal “ faḍma tlul-d di teswiɛt tewɛer. Akken yefra ṭrad…”27

24 KUDAC Linda, di radyu tis snat, tadwilt “seg timawit ɣer tira”, 14 février 2012. 25 KUDAC Linda, ibid, sb 27. 26 ibid sb 25. 27 Ibid sb 25.

III. 5. seg tama n yiwudam

Ad naf deg ungal aɛecciw n tmes, tamarut tewwi-aɣ-d akk udmawen n

tmeṭṭut deg twacult taqbaylit, imi ad d-naf tislit (Faḍma) i yesɛan tamlilt n

tayemmat (d yemma-s n wezna). Akked temɣart ( Nna Lǧuher) i yesɛan tamlilt

n tjidat( d jida-s n wezna), tanuḍt(d ǧamila), tella daɣen teqcict (wezna) i

yesɛan tamlilt n tyellit (yelli-s n Faḍma), akked teslit daɣen d takna (n

Ḥmama)… ad neɛreḍ ad nawi awal akka ɣef yiwudam n tlawin d yiwudam n

yirgazen i yedren deg ungal-agi.

III. 5. 1.Iwudam n tlawin deg ungal aɛecciw n tmes

Faḍma : d tameṭṭut id-yekkren d tagujilt, d tamattart, tesɛedda temẓi-s di lḥif,

ur tesɛi ḥedd d lwali siwa axxam n Dda Saɛid i tt-ijemɛen, tecbeḥ aṭas, ula ma

tezweǧ, tesɛedda ussan-is d tislit yettuḥeqren, ɣas akken, tettaɣ awal, terfed

axxam, d tuḥrict, d tasusamt, tetturebba, tḥemmel argaz-is, yerra-tt ulwes-is,

imi ur tezmir ad tini ala i wansayen n zik. tefka-d udem n teslit yelhan .

Wezna : d yelli-s n Faḍma, yura-as ad d-tekker d tagujilt seg baba-s, tenḥaf, ur

tt-yeǧǧi ara ɛemmi-s (i yellan daɣen d argaz n yemma-s) ad tt-ɣer, teffer lɛar n

ɛemmi-s i yetteɛeddan fell-as, tezweǧ d umɣar mebla lebɣi-s, teḥdeq, tecbeḥ,

tettuḥqer ula d nettat. D udem n teqcict neɣ n tlemẓit deg tmetti taqbaylit n

zik.

Nna Lǧuher : d tamɣart n Faḍma, d jida-s n Wezna, tesɛedda lḥif ula d nettat mi

tella d tamectuḥt, dɣa terra ttar di teslit-is, tessuk fell-as lbaṭṭel d ddel, d udem

n tmɣart taḥeqqart, tismin sawḍent-tt ad tneɣ mmi-s n mmi-s n Faḍma s

iḥeckulen, dayen i tt-yeǧǧan ad t-beddel ɣer Faḍma, tuɣal ḥninet fell-as.

Ǧamila : d tislit n Nna Lǧuher, d tanuḍt n Faḍma, tḥemmel-itt tella yid-s am

weltma-s, ttɣaḍen-tt yimeɣban, d udem n tnuḍt yelhan, tin iḥemlen tanuḍt-is.

Cabḥa : Xalti-s n Faḍma, d tamattart, temmut d tamengurt, d nettat I yrebban

Faḍma.

Sekkura : tameddakkelt n Wezna, yelli-s n xalti-s n Kamal, d lxiḍ i icudden

asirem gar-asen, tɛawen-iten i wakken ad dduklen.

Crifa : yelli-s n Yamina weltma-s n Nna Lǧuher, yebɣan ad tezweǧ d Lɛerbi,

netta ur tt-iḥemmel ara

Yamina : d ultma-s n Nna Lǧuher, d tamesbaṭlit, tettamen s yigezzanen

Ḥmama : d takna n Wezna, telha deg ṭṭbiɛa tḥemmel Wezna i yellan d takna-s.

III. 5. 2. Iwudam n yirgazen

Dda Saɛid : d bab n uxxam, d argaz yesɛan tissas, d bab n wawal ama deg

uxxam ama di taddart, d aḥeqqi, d amerkanti, ttɣaḍen-t yigellilen, yerfed

axxam-is, iteṭṭef deg wawal-is, yessen taqbaylit.

Lɛerbi : d argaz n Faḍma, baba-s n Wezna, d bab n wawal, d aneɛmar.

Ḥemmic : d mmi-s ameqqran n Dda Saɛid, d argaz n Ǧamila, d alwes n faḍma d

bab n wawal am baba-s, d aneɛmar.

Qasi : mmi-s amaẓuẓ n Dda Saɛid, d argaz wis sin n Faḍma, yeɣḍer Wezna, d

aḥeqqar, d aqemmar, d asekran.

Kamal : d anelmad deg tseddawit, iḥemmel Wezna tḥemmel-it.

Ɛmer : d argaz n Wezna, d iɛiqqer, yenɣa Lɛerbi, yuker-as idrimen, yuɣal d

amerkanti, yeṣṣer Wezna seg lɛar n ɛemmi-s, yemmut s ujenwi n Qasi.

Saɛid amectuḥ : mmi-s n Faḍma yemmuten sin n yiseggasen deg lɛemer-is.

Taggrayt:

Mi ara nɣer ungal “Aεecciw n tmes”, i tura Lynda Kudach, ad neḥḥulfu,

mebla yakk ma nessakked ɣer wanwa i d bab-is, d tameṭṭut i d-yellan di

lmendad n wawalen yeččuren adlis-agi. Di tifyar yuzzlen deg wungal, ad d-

nemlil akked tutlayt n tmeṭṭut d yiḥulfan-is reqqiqen, i aɣ-yettawin srid ɣer

tasa-s, ɣer lbaḍna-s.

Deg yixef wis kraḍ ad nebdu tasleḍt tasentalant, anda ara ɣ-d-tban

tmuɣli n tnagalt ɣef tmeṭṭut.

Tazwert

Deg yixef-agi wis kraḍ, ad nexdem tasleḍt tasentalant i teḥkayt n

« uɛecciw n tmes » ad nseqdec tizri tasentalant i ɣef d-nemmeslay deg yixef

amezwaru, aqbel aya ad d-nawi awal ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti taqbayli

tamensayt, ideg ad d-nefk kra n tmuɣliwin n yinagmayen mxalafen ama d

ibaraniyen ama d leqbayel.

Syin akkin ad d-nemmeslay ɣef wadeg n tmeṭṭut deg ungal aɛecciw n

tmes d wamek itettidir deg-s, ama d tislit ama d tamɣart ama d taqcict.

Di tagara ad d-nekkes akk isental yellan deg ungal-agi, wid icudden ɣer

tmeṭṭut.

I. Azal n tmeṭṭut di tmetti taqbaylit

Γas neqqar tameṭṭut d lsas, argaz d ajgu alemmas, maca di tmetti n zik ;

“di zzman n yiɣil, tameṭṭut taqbaylit tedder ddaw n tecḍadt n urgaz”28. Akka i

tebna tmetti n leqbayel ; ayen i d-yerra umnar daxel n tmeṭṭut, ayen yellan

berra akin d ccɣel n urgaz. Awal-is yekmen, ur d-itteffeɣ ara ɣer berra ; ulac-it

la di tejmaεt wala di ssuq. Dayen id yessebganen belli tameṭṭut taqbaylit

“tettwaɛzel di tmetti, u nekni neẓra belli mebɣir tameṭṭut kra n wayen yelhan

ur d-yettnulfu!”29

A. Hanoteau deg udlis « Poésies populaires de la Kabylie du Djurjura »30

yenna-d belli « tameṭṭut ur tesɛi ara azal ameqran deg tmetti taqbaylit"31,

tamuɣli-agi tekka-d seg yiwen i yellan d aberrani ɣef tmurt, ahat yexdem

aserwes ger tlawin yettidiren di tumurt-is, Fransa, anda tameṭṭut tettefeɣ

txeddem am nettat am urgaz, d tmeṭṭut yettidiren di tmurt-nneɣ, rrnu ɣer-s di

tallit n traḍ, teḍfer-it-id di tmuɣli-agi L.C.Dujardin deg udlis-is « des Mères

contre les femmes », anda i d-yella wawal s telqayt ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut i tesɛa

di tmetti taqbayli tamensayt, tenna-d belli azal-is, d win ur yeswin ara, imi seg

tlalit-is ur ferḥen ara yis « talalit n tmeṭṭut di lezzayer tettas-d s tsusmi »32,

« ababat yeẓra belli d taqcict i tesɛa tmeṭṭut-is, imi ur yesli ara i uslilew n

tlawin deg uxxam, acku ma tlul teqcict amzun d lmut i yellan deg uxxam. »33,

mi tebda tettimɣur tettuɣal d aɣilif n yergazen n uxxam, “imi nnif d leqder n

twacult icudd ɣer-s”34. mi ara tezweǧ, aɛdaw amenzu-ines mačči d argaz neɣ d

alwes, maca “d tamɣart akked tnuḍt d telwest”35.

28 Adiwenni d Remdan LASHEB deg uɣmis n la dépeche de kabylie id yefɣen ass n 28 juin 2009. 29 Adiwenni d Nicole BARBiERE deg uɣmis n la dépeche de kabylie.i d-ifɣen ass n 17 Mai 2008. 30 HANOTEAU Adolphe, Poésies Populaire de la Kabylie du Jurjura, texte kabylie et traduction, imprimé par ordre de l’empereur à l’imprimerie impériale, Paris, 1867. 31 MEROLLA Daniela, de l’art de la narration tamazight (berbére), éd. PEETERS, PARIS-LOUVAIN, 2006, sb 171. 32 dujardin Camille Lacoste. Des méres contre les Femmes, éd Bouchene algerie, 1991. sb. 57. 33 Ibid. sb.57. 34 Ibid. sb 58. 35 Ibid. sb 58.

Si tama niḍen ad naf tamuɣli n inagmayen n tmurt, ɣef uqerru-nsen ad

naf Said BOULIFA id as-d-yerran i Hanoteau anda i d-yenna belli ɣas ma yella

tameṭṭut taqbaylit deg uxxam i tettɣimi maca « tesɛa azal d agejdan deg tmetti,

d nettatt i d tigejdit n uxxam, deg twacult taqbaylit »36. imi tameṭṭut d

tayemmat yelḥan deg yibardan n lmerta d yiɣilifen akken kan ad trebbi arraw-

is, ad asen-tesselmed taqbaylit, ahat lukan mačči d nettat ur d-tettawed ara

teqbaylit ɣer tizi n wass-a, daɣen akken id as-yenna sliman ɛazem: a taqbaylit a

tigjdit a tin ɣef yebna uxxan , ssbaḥ, tameddit argaz weṣṣit akken ad yeddu s

lewqam... » ihi tameṭṭut ma yella tweṣṣa argaz s ayen yelhan neɣ i weqmen,

daya ara yexdem, akken daɣen ma yella tweṣṣa-t sayen n dir, dayen i d-

yessebganen belli d tameṭṭut i d lsas n uxxam mebla yes-s ur yezmir ad yali.

Azal n tmeṭṭut iɛedda i waya imi ma nuɣal citṭuḥ ɣer umezruy ad d-naf belli

ula d nettat tjuhed, anwa ur nessin Faḍma n sumer, i iqublen irumyen armi ula

d nitni hedren fell-as.

Ula d Taseɛdit YASIN temeslay-d ɣef wazal n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti tabaylit

tenna-d belli tesɛa amḍiq maca “amḍiq iwulmen d win ara ad d-tawi s lweqt”37,

lmeɛna n wanect-a, tamɣart tesɛa awal-is deg uxxam, tettcax, tettray ula ɣef

yergazen, asmi ara timɣur, tettbeddil fell-as teswiḥt deg tmeḥqranit ur nesɛi

tilisa ɣer leqder d ccwar icuban ccyaxa.

36 MEROLLA Daniela, ibd, sb. 171. 37 YACINE Tasaadit, Recueil de poésies Kabyles, éd. awal, Paris, Alger, 1990. sb.19.

II. Adeg n tmeṭṭut deg ungal aɛecciw n tmes

Tamarut tuɣal-d ɣef wadeg n tmeṭṭut deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”

temeslay-d ɣef temɣart, tislit, tanuḍt d takna, d wassaɣ yettilin gar-asent, s

umata awal yewwi-d ɣef wayen yerzan akk tameṭṭut akken i d-yettwabder deg

ungal.

Tamɣart: tamɣart s umata di tmetti n leqbayel d tin yettcaxan deg uxxam, imi

akken i d-nebder yakan “tameṭṭut simal tettimɣur simal awal-is iseɛɛu azal, ula

d irgazen ttwalin awal n temɣart yeččur d inumak, tikwal tessawad ad ten-terr

ddaw ufus-is ladɣa wid yellan d ilmeẓyen”38 daɣen tamɣart deg uxemmem n

leqbayel d tin ur neɛdil ara nettat d teslit-is, tezga tettnaɣ-itt, tettlaqab-itt.

Akka i d-tettwaglem Nna Lǧuher deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes” imi tamɣart-agi d

yiwen n uwadem yewɛar, teččur d dɣel ɣef teslit-is (Faḍma), tetbeɛ Qasi, mmi-s

amectuḥ, armi yuɣal am nettat iɣuc Faḍma, lkerh-agi n Nna Lǧuher yekka-d

segmi ula d nettat tettwaḥqer mi tella d tislit, ahat d ttar i tettara deg-s.

Tislit: tislit tettidir di tuget n yexxamen n leqbayel tamḥeqranit d miḥyaf, qlil

n teslit i yettidiren talwit d temɣart-is, deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”, udem n

teslit yettwaḥeqren, d win n Faḍma, imi iɛedda lbaṭel ameqran fell-as, maca

Ǧamila d tislit yesɛan azal deg uxxam, imi nettat d tameṭṭut n umenzu, akka i

yella ula deg tmetti n leqbayel s tidet, akken i tenna T.Yacine “Tameṭṭut yuɣ

umenzu tesɛa amkan meqren di twacult, mačči am tnuḍin-is timectaḥ…”39, tin

ɣer-s Ǧamila tusa-d seg uxxam tusa-d seg uxxam yesɛan cci(d yelli-s n

umerkanti), ɣef way-a nezmer ad d-nini belli ula d laṣel n tmeṭṭut irennu ɣef

wazal ara tesɛu deg uxxam, d ayen i yxuṣen Faḍma.

Tanuḍt: S umata di tmetti n leqbayel, abeɛda deg yexxamen, assaɣ yellan ger

tnuḍin, d assaɣ n teɛdawit akked tismin, maca deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”,

38 Yacine Tasaadit, ibid, sb. 19. 39 Ibid. sb.17.

assaɣ-agi tenttaf ara, imi gar Faḍma d Ǧamila tella tezdit n tegmat d leḥmala

gar-asent, d ayen yemgaraden ɣef wayen yellan di tmetti s umata.

Takna: di tmetti n leqbayel, ama n zik ama n tura, takna ur d-tezg ara d tayeḍ,

imi ulac tin ara iqeblen ad yernu urgaz-is tameṭṭut fell-as, ɣef way-a, assaɣ

yettilin gar-asent d win n teɛdawt ur nkeffu ara, maca, deg ungal “Aɛecciw n

tmes” Linda KUDAC tefka-d udem niḍen ɣef win yellan di tmetti, imi Wezna d

Ḥmama d takniwin, yerna ɛedlent aṭas, Ḥmama ḥninet aṭas ɣef Wezna,ayen i

tent-icerken ahat d leḥmala ur ḥemlent ara i snat argaz-nsent “Dda Ɛmer”.

III. Isental n ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”

Aɛecciw n tmes d yiwen wungal i tura tmeṭṭut, ma yella nessaked ɣer

yisental id-yellan deg-s, ahat ad d-naf asentel agejdan i ɣef d-meslay d asentel

n tmeṭṭut, maca asentel-agi s timmad-is yebḍa ɣef waṭas n yisental i icudden

dima ɣer tmeṭṭut.

Deg wayen id-iteddun ad neɛred ad ten-id nebder yiwen yiwen s limarat

i ten-id-imalen.

III. 1. Asentel n lḥif

Am wakken i d-nenna yakan, tidyanin n ungal-agi ḍrant-d deffir

timunent, am waken i nezra traḍ werǧin yeǧǧa-d ayen yelhan di yal tamurt,

yettaǧad kan lḥif d laẓ d lehlak d wayen n dir.

III. 1. 1. limarat n usentel “lḥif”

Ad neɛreḍ ad d-nekkes limart n usentel-agi seg ungal aɛecciw n tmes.

III. 1. 1. 1. laẓ

Deg usebtar wis 24, tamarut tsemma-as i uḥric-nni, taswiɛt n laẓ d

wullac, d ayen i d-yessebganen belli tamarut ad temesslay ɣef lḥif d laẓ di

tallit-nni ideg teffeɣ Fransa teǧǧa-d ala “…aṭṭan laẓ d lexṣaṣ…”40 d ayen i

yeǧǧan akk medden lluẓen ur ufin dacu ara ččen, imi ula d “… tabaqit texla,

taqedduḥt texla, tijɣelt texla, […] ad yexlu Rebbi amkan n laẓ d wulac”41, ay-agi

yettban-d deg sin yiwudam n tmeṭṭut Nna Cabḥa d Faḍma i yeččan ayen ufant

i wakken ad rrent laẓ “ … ččant leḥcic, waɣzaz, tasemmumt d wayen ufant…”42,

ladɣa deg tsemhuyt n ccetwa anda “asemmiḍ d laẓ teksen sser ɣef madden”43

40 Linda KUDAC, aɛecciw n tmes, tizrigen tasekla, tizi ouzou, 2008. P25. 41 Ibid. Pp 26-27. 42 Ibid. P27. 43 Ibid. P27.

III. 1. 1. 2. Amenṭer

Laẓ-agi, d ayen yeǧǧan snat n tlawin-agi (Nna Cabḥa d Faḍma)i wakken

ad d-ǧabint lqut d wayen a tent-isren seg usemmiḍ dɣa “seg ulac, leḥḥunt seg

uxxam ɣer wayeḍ, si taddart ɣer tayeḍ[…] ulac lhem d ddel ur tent-izgilen

ara”44 dɣa yiwet n tikelt yeṭef-itent lḥal berra i taddart-nsent, sqarbent-as i

Nna Lǧuher nant-as “ alxir a tameṭṭut, nekenti d tigellilin. Aggad Rebbi efk-aɣ

cwiṭ n uɣrum d leḥwayeǧ…”45

III. 1. 2. Assaɣ yellan ger usentel d snat n limarat-agi

Assaɣ yezdin ger usentel n Lḥif d snat n limarat-agi id d-nekkes “Laẓ” d

“umenṭer” d assaɣ anamkan imi ama d laẓ ama d amenṭar d snat n tugniwin n

lḥif.

III. 2. Asentel n leḥqara

Deg waṭas n tikkal, tamarut teɛred aɣ-d-siweḍ belli tameṭṭut

tettwaḥqar deg ungal “aɛecciw n tmes”, imi tbegnaɣ-d s yiwudam mxalafen,

ama s uwadem n Faḍma, ama s uwadem n Wezna amek i tettwaḥqar. Deg

wayen i d-iteddun ad neɛreḍ ad d-nekkes limarat n waya seg ungal.

III. 2. 1. Limarat i d-iskanen asentel n leḥqara

Ad neɛreḍ ad d-nekkes limart n usentel-agi seg ungal aɛecciw n tmes.

III. 2. 1. 1. tameṭṭut mi ara teḥqar tameṭṭut

Yettban-d waya deg ungal seg-mi yejmeɛ Dda Saɛid Faḍma, anda

tameṭṭut-is Nna Lǧuher tugi ayagi, dɣa mi s-tenna “acu n tmara ik-yerran ad

trebbid taqrurt d tabarannit yerna d taɛeṭṭart?”46 seg wass-nni Nna Lǧuher

anda tewɛa Faḍma “tettɛeggiḍ fell-as , teḥres-it di cɣel, tetteddu-as di nneqma,

44 Ibid. P27. 45 Ibid. P29. Asumer, relation simentique= assaɣ anamkan.(proposition) 46 Ibid. P32.

tettlaqab-itt”47, aktar n waya, Nna Lǧuher tessaḥrac fell-as ula d mmi-s Qasi,

ula d netta “ yessaweḍ ad yekkes fell-as sser s regmat d ulaqeb”48, ula d ass-mi

d-lḥeq Faḍma ɣer zwaǧ, Nna Lǧuher “tessen amek ara tt-tecmet, tessefraɣ fell-

as akken tewɛa, teggar-d fell-as ula d leɛǧub.”49

III. 2. 1. 2. Yir zwaǧ

Yir zwaǧ, d winna ara d-yeḍrun melba lebɣi n s bessif, imi deg ungal

“aɛecciw n tmes yella-d wawal ɣef zwaǧ d kra n tugniwin-is, ad neɛred ad ten-

id-nekkes seg-s.

III. 2. 1. 2. 1. zwaǧ s ulwes

Tella di leɛwayed n zik di tmetti n leqbayel mi ara teǧǧel tmeṭṭut, ma

tesɛa alwes ur nezwiǧ ara ad tt-yer ulama tugar-it di leɛmer, qqaren i waken ad

tt-yesser. Ay-agi dayen yeḍran i Faḍma deg ungal n uɛecciw n tmes asmi i

yemmut werrgaz-is Lɛerbi yerra-tt Qasi “Dda Saɛid d tmeṭṭut-is rran tabeqqit i

Faḍma d Dda Qasi i tugar s sebɛa n yiseggasen akken ad tt-yesser…”50 ula ma

yella ur msebɣan ara imi “Faḍma d Dda Qasi mzawaǧǧen ɣas ma yella ur

myaḥmalen ara”51 d awezɣi ad arẓen leɛwayed “i ten-yezwaren ɣer ddunit”52.

III. 2. 1. 2. 2. zwaǧ n tmectuḥt d umɣar bessif

ɣas ma yella nḥemmel ad nzux s tmetti-nneɣ d tirugza n yergazen-is d

cbaḥa n tlawin-s, neɣ cbaḥa n tmurt n leqbayel, maca mačči dayen ara ɣ-

yeǧǧen ad neffer leɛyub-is, gar way-agi tella temsalt-agi n zwaǧ n tlemzit s

umɣar melba lebɣi-s meḥsub d dreɛ, dayen i yeḍran i Wezna mi d-yeṭṭef ɣer-s

47 Ibid. P32. 48 Ibid. P39. 49 Ibid. P47. 50 Ibid, sb 102. 51 Ibid, sb 102. 52 Ibid, sb 102.

yiwen unexḍab d amerkanti53 yerna d amɣar, yemma-s n Wezna tugit “d

lmuḥal yelli ad taɣ tizya n bab-as, d aqmarǧi yerna yezweǧ”54, imi di tmetti n

zik d awal n urgaz kan i yettɛeddin ɣas ma yella yxser, Qasi yenna-d awal-is “ d

wagi ara tt-yaɣen fkiɣ-as awal, ur tettaf ara nnig-is…”55 , “qbel neɣ qim nek fkiɣ

awal, mačči d lleɛb n warrac, si melmi akka tesɛeddayed awal-im ɣef wergaz-

im”56 mi Qasi d idrimen i tyewwin “ d yelli-m ara iwerten Ɛmer.”57, ɣas ma yella

Wezna txedmed tabɣest tenna-d “ ɣuri ara d-yuɣal wawal aneggaru, d awezɣi

ad aɣeɣ tizya n jeddi” maca Qasi itebeɛ-itt yebɣa ad tt-iwet, yerna deg wawal-is

“ ala tiɣin ara kem-yaɣ, bɣu neɣ kru”58 dayen i yeḍran imi Ɛmer yessaweḍ ad

yaɣ Wezna “ixdem tameɣra yiwen ur ttyexdim , isečč akk taddart-nneɣ, d kra

n tuddar is-d-yezzin…”59.

III. 2. 1. 2. 3. zwaǧ ɣef takna

dayen yellan di tmetti-nneɣ, imi ula d ddin n lislam yenna-d ay-agi d

leḥlal, akka i teḍra d Wezna mi tuɣ Ɛmer, imi netta yella izweǧ yakan yerna-tt

d tis snat, ay-agi yettbaned mi tettwessi Faḍma yelli-s qbel ad teddu d tislit

teqqar-as “… qqader Ḥmama takna-m…”60, qlil anda takna ad telhu d takna-s,

imi tettasem deg-s, tekksa-s argaz-is, abeɛda ma tella d tilemzit am Wezna,

maca Ḥmama “ d tameṭṭut n lɛali ur kem tettaǧa ara”61 is-tenna Faḍma i

Wezna, dayen i tufa Wezna “ nek d Ḥmama nemmyeḥmal” id-tenna.

Ay-agi d ayen id-tiwi tmarut ɣef zwaǧ. Ma d asentel wis-sin i ɣef ad d-

nemeslay, ula d netta icud ɣer tmeṭṭut, wagi d rebbu n tmeṭṭut, asentel-agi

frurin-d seg-s sin n yisental niḍen, wigi d ansayen i xedmen mi ara d-ilal

53 Ibid. sb 117. 54 Ibid. sb 117. 55 Ibid. sb 118. 56 Ibid. sb 118. 57 Ibid. sb 118. 58 Ibid. sb 118. 59 Ibid. sb 139. 60 Ibid. sb 137. 61 Ibid. sb 137.

weqcic d mi ara d-tlal teqcict, ad neɛred ad d-nekkes limarat n yisentel-agi seg

ungal.

III. 2. 1. 3. Atɛeddi ɣef teqcict:

tamsalt i yeḍran d Wezna terẓa yes-s tmarut asalu, imi temmeslay-d ɣef

yiwen n usentel werǧin yettwabedred yakan, wagi d asentel n utɛeddi ɣef

teqcict, imi Qasi yessaweḍ i tɛedda ɣef yell-is n gma-s Wezna mi itt-yeḍfer ɣer

uɛecciw n tmes “iceɛɛel-iyi ibeqqayen, s ufus-is i belaɛ-iyi aqemmuc-iw, s

lqedd n lǧehd-is iḍeqqar-iyi ɣef lqaɛa, yurez-iyi ifassen-iw s umrar , s tufɣa n

leɛqel isseɣres-iyi taqendurt-iwi, seg-s igezmed abeḥnuq icudd-iyi imi-w, ma d

nek ttwaṭfeɣ ur zmireɣ ad suɣeɣ, ur zmireɣ ad rewleɣ, ala imeṭṭawen iwumi

zemreɣ, ma d netta am lweḥc itɛedda fell-i, isexser-iyi…”62 tḥekku-d Wezna.

Aktar n waya ayen i yeḍran d Wezna yuɣal d tacmat i yir-is, tettlumu iman-is

teqqar “nek i xedmen tacmat, nek icemten iman-iw, tawacult-iw, taddart-

iw”63. Tsbegned tmarut belli lḥeq yettuɣal i wergaz ulama d netta i ytɛeddan

ɣef Wezna mi tenna “a yelli taɛzizt, di temsalt n nnif, ɣur-m ad tǧeɛled

tameṭṭut d wergaz rrsen ɣef yiwen n uḍebsi n lmizan… ɣur-nneɣ ma iruḥ nnif

n teqcict ad tekfu fell-as ddunit, ula win ara tt-yaɣen, ɣas mačči d nettat i

idelmen ɣas d atɛeddi i ytuɛda fell-as walbaḍ, lɣaci d nettat id tamewarut ara

zzmen, ɣur-s ara ttwehhin, imi qqaren argaz ayen i s-yehwan ad t-ixdem icbeḥ

d argaz, ma d tameṭṭut ayen ara texdem icmet d tameṭṭut.”64

III. 2. 1. 4. Tameṭṭut mi ara tt-iḥqer urgaz-is:

Ḥmama segmi bab-as d aṭemmaɛ yefka-tt i yiwen yesɛa idrimen d

amerkanti, tesɛedda “xemsa n snin n ddel […] yezga yeṣker, iḥqer-iyi, yekkat-

iyi armi uɣaleɣ ur tteṭfeɣ ara dderya, ibra-yi”65, dɣa Ḥmama tuɣal d tamnafaqt.

62 Ibid. sb 121. 63 Ibid. sb 123. 64 Ibid. sb 125-126. 65 Ibid. sb 149.

III. 2. 1. 5. Leḥzen mi ara d tlal teqcict

Talalit n Wezna, d talalit i qublen s leḥzen wissen ahat imi d lul di tallit

anda tawacult n Dda Saɛid teḥzen ɣef lmut n Lɛerbi, neɣ ahat imi d taqcict,

maca ma nuɣal ɣer tillawt ad naf tiwaculin tiqbayliyin ur xedmen acemma mi

ara d-lal teqcict, ayagi yettbaned deg ungal Nna Lǧuher tesbyned lxilaf yellan

mi tenna “taqcict ẓẓayet tezmer ad d-tawi tacmat, ma d aqcic xfif ayen yexdem

yecbeḥ, aqcic ad yerfed isem n bab-as ur yettmetta-t ara d amengur ad d-yer

isem n jeddi-s, taqcict ur treffed ara isem n bab-as ur d-tettara ara isem n jedd-

is mi i tezweǧ ad terfed isem n wayeḍ, aqcic ur ttagaden ara fell-as yimawlan-

is, yerna mi ara yimɣur ad d-yawi lerbeḥ ad d-yernu lhiba i twacult-is, ma d

taqcict ulac dacu ara d-tawi ulac dacu ara d-terunu, yal assa ad ttagaden fell-as

yimawlan-is”66.

III. 2. 2. Assaɣ yezdin ger usentel n leḥqara d limarat id-nekkes :

S umata d assaɣ namekan i ten-yezdin, imi yal tikelt deg unamek n

limarat-agi ad negzi belli ttmeslayen-d ɣef leḥqara, baxlaf limara “tameṭṭut mi

ara tt-iḥqer urgaz-is, d-agi d assaɣ amwalan imi yal tikelt awal n leḥqara

yettuɣal-d deg-s.

III. 3. Asentel n lferḥ:

Win ara yeɣren ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes” ad iḥṣṣu belli i ttmeslay-d ɣef

iɣeblan d urfan tettidir tmeṭṭut di tudert n yal ass, acu kan ad yaf daɣen belli

iḥekku-d ula ɣef wayen it t-id-isefraḥen ɣas ma drus lemaɛna yella, ad neɛred

ad d-nekkes limarat n lferḥ seg ungal.

III. 3. 1. limarat i d-yemmalen asentel n lferḥ

Deg wayen i d-iteddun ad neɛreḍ ad d-nekkes limarat i d-yemmalen

lferḥ seg ungal.

66 Ibid. sb 79. Asumer, assaɣ amwalan=relation lexicale.

III. 3. 1. 1. zwaǧ n tayri

Tamarut temmeslay-d ɣef zwaǧ id-yellan s tayri, tebda-d ameslay ɣef

way-agi s yiwet n tezwert yeččuren d aglam ad as-tinid d asefru tenna-d «

tewwed-d tefsut, ijeǧǧigen fsan, ifrax cennun i win yebɣan, i win iḥemlen d

win iḥemlen asen-isel. Tala tettcercur d aman d izedganen am lemri

yettfeǧǧiǧen, i irennun ccbaḥa i telmezyin s zzyada mi ara d-ɛeddint di tejmeɛt

buddent tissebalin, lqed-nsent yebded yeččur taqendurt s tesfifin, si leḥya

allen rsent ɣer lqaɛa. Ma d ilmezyen s leqder ttwalin steqsayen wi-tt ilan ta? S

lebɛid ttemsefhamen, s tufra ttemlilin wulawen anda iḍ d anagi mi ara

teddukel tziri d tsusmi anda aḥulfu yezmer ad yessenṭi. Imiren tayri tberru i

leḥya, tesway iẓuran-is, tessemɣay-d ijeǧǧigen n usirem. » seg waya zwaǧ

amezwaru n Faḍma asmi i tt-yuɣ Lɛerbi, acku Faḍma d Lɛerbi “ msebɣan,

mseɛǧaben.”67 Aladɣa mi d-tenna tmarut “Faḍma tedda d tislit tuɣ win

tḥemmel win i tt-iḥemlen. Ulac aseɛdi am Faḍma d Lɛerbi bnan aṭas n tirga

nettat d wergaz-is, bɣan ad qablen ddunit di sin s tayri d umesefhem…”68

III. 3. 1. 2. talalit n uqcic

tagnit tis snat is-d-ittunefken i tmeṭṭut ad tefreḥ deg « uɛecciw n

tmes » d talalit n uqcic, tamarut tbeda aglam n waya seg wansayen id yettilin

mi ara d-ilal uqcic, tenna-d taɣawsa tamezwarut ara xedment d aslilew imi “

Ǧamila tenṭeḥ s uslilew”69 srid mi teẓra d aqcic i d-ilulen, ula d “ Nna Lǧuher

ɣas akken ur tḥemmel ara tislit-is ččurent walen-is d imeṭṭawen, teslalew s

lqed ugerjum-is”70 ma d Dda Saɛid akked mmi-s “kecmen s adaynin, xtaren

axerfi ara zlun ara ferqen ɣef yigellilen ass n lexmis asmi ara tebges Faḍma”71,

Mi d ass n larebɛa tilawin “ fersent akk axxam ad gent tiḥbulin ad tent-id

sersent it id akk ara d-ikecmen ad seɛdent”72 ma d lxir id tt-awint tid id-

67 Ibid, sb 51. 68 Ibid, sb 55. 69 Ibid.sb 79. 70 Ibid.sb 79. 71 Ibid.sb 82. 72 Ibid.sb 82.

ikeččmen “ d lqahwa d ṣṣker d idrimen”73, mi ɛeddant sebɛa wussan “ Ǧamila

tekred zik nettat d Nna Lǧuher d Nna Yamina ad sewwent lweɛda ad tt-ferqent,

xedment sksu s useqqi aqquran d iḥricen n tecriḥti yefreq Dda Saɛid s ufus-

is.”74, Ǧamila tceggeɛ ar Ḥassan i waken as-yebges i Fḍma imi “ leɛwayed

qqarent-t belli ilaq d aqcic ara ad-ibegsen i temnifrit d lfal yelhan ur ilas ara d

taqcict.”75 Mi is-yebges i Faḍma “ fkant-as temellalt yewwan deg waman ad tt-

yečč”76, terna Ǧamila teddem taqendurt n sser n Saɛid (mmi-s n Faḍma) “tger

deg-s tummeẓt n yirden, tummeẓt n tjilbant, cwiṭ n lemleḥ,cwiṭ n ssker, tcudd-

iten d tayemmust, tessers-iten di dduḥ seddaw yiḍaren n lufan, tedmed lemri d

lmelḥ, d lmus swayes i as-tegzem timiṭ Nna Daɛdi, tessers-iten s nig n uqerru-is

iwakken ur iseɛɛu ara aneɣluy yerna ad ǧǧuǧgen wussan-is… tɛellaq lxamsa n

lfeṭṭa ɣef dduḥ n Saɛid, tedhen-it s zzit, tsels-as leḥwayeǧ mmslsent n yess-

is…iwakken ad iseḥḥi, tɣum dduḥ s tmeḥremt i waken ad yizwiɣwudem-is

yerna ad teḥǧeb ɣef tiṭ…”77. Irgazen wwin “tibaqiyin n lweɛda ɣer lǧameɛ d

tejmaɛt”78 ayagi akk acku “talalit n Saɛid tewwi-d lferḥ s axxam terna-d

lemḥiba i twacult n Dda Saɛid”79.

III. 3. 2. Assaɣ yezdin asentel n lferḥ d limarat i d-nekkes:

D assaɣ anamkan imi awal n lfeṛh ur d-ittwabder ara maca seg unamek

ad nefhem belli tamarut tettmesaly-d ɣef lferḥ.

73 Ibid.sb 82. 74 Ibid.sb 82. 75 Ibis.sb 82-83. 76 Ibid.sb 83. 77 Ibid. sb 83. 78 Ibid. sb 84. 79 Ibid. sb 85.

Taggrayt

Linda KUDAC, tewwi-d tidet n tmetti, ayen tettidir tmeṭṭut deg uxxam-

is, di tmetti-is, iɣeblan-is, azal-is, lqerḥ-is d lferḥ-is, deg teḥkayt n ungal

aɛecciw n tmes, imi deg waṭas n yineḍruyen, ayen tura icuba tidet neɣ d tidet s

timmad-is.

Taggrayt tamatut

Akken i nwala deg kraḍ n yiḥricen n tesleḍt i neḍfer, i wakken ad neɛreḍ

ad d-nawi awal ɣef usentel n tmeṭṭut deg ungal “Aɛecciw n tmes”, tamawt

tamenzut i nezmer ad d-nbeyyen, asentel n tmeṭṭut, ala tameṭṭut i izemren ad

d-tawi awal n tidet fell-as, imi akken qqaren : « ala aḍar yeddan ḥafi i yeẓran d

acu-tt twaqsa n usennan », ɣef way-a, Linda KUDAC, terna-d amaynut ɣer

unnar n tsekla n teqbaylit, mačči kan imi seg tlawin timezwua i yuran ungal,

maca deg usentel iɣef d-tewwi, imi asentel n tmeṭṭut d win yellan amzun d

llɛib i ubdar di tmetti, neɣ d asalu yuɛren i tmerẓa, imi timetti taqbaylit mazal

ur tewwiḍ ara ad tefhem neɣ ad teqbel aṭas n tlufa abeɛda tilelli n umeslay ɣer

tmeṭṭut ar ass-a, d wussan.

Tuget n wungalen yettwarun s tmaziɣt, neɣ s teqbaylit, wwin-d awal ɣef

tmeṭṭut, tuget n yimyura mmeslayen-d fell-as, ɣer-sen tameṭṭut tella amzun d

taɣawsa neɣ d awadem kan yettekkin deg lebni n ungal, nettaf-itt tettili ɣer

tama n unembaḍ, tettekki deg taggayin yelhan akken tettekki deg taggayin n

dir, yettili-d uglam n tudert-is akken tella, neɣ akken i tt-yettwali umaru

meḥsub tamuɣli-is tettili d tamnirit (s beṛṛa), imi ur yezmir ara ad yili deg

umḍiq-is, ad yeḥḥulfu ayen tettḥulfu, ad d-yini ayen tebɣa ad d-tini, maca

Linda KUDAC, tesneṭeq-d tameṭṭut akken i tebɣa ad d-temmeslay, teḥḥulfa

lixṣaṣ i tettidir, twala s wallen n tmeṭṭut ayen yessefraḥen d wayen

yesseqraḥen, imi ula d nettat d tameṭṭut am yiwudam untiyen i tessemres deg

ungal-is .

Linda KUDAC tewwi-d amaynut deg wayen yeɛnan asentel n tmeṭṭut deg

ungalen, imi ayen tettidir akk di tmetti taqbaylit tamensayt, abeɛda deg

yiseggasen n 1960, tenna-t-id deg ungal-is, teḥka-d ɣef lbaṭel i tettidir tmeṭṭut,

ama d urgaz-is, ama d temɣart-is, tewwi-d awal ɣef tukksa n sser i yettwakksen

ɣef Wezna, yelli-s n Faḍma, tenna-d ayen yellan mebla ma tezzi tenneḍ deg

umeslay, tewwi-d awal ɣef zzwaǧ n bessif i yellan zik yegget, imi di lawan-nni,

tameṭṭut ur tezmir ara ad textir argaz tebɣa, tewwi-d awal ɣef ugujil amek

yettwaḥqar almi ula d tukksa n sser tḥuz-it, s umata ayen tedder akk tmeṭṭut

tenna-t-id war tilisa neɣ tuzzya deg wawal, maca tessugen-d asirem n tudert

yelhan i tmeṭṭut, d ayen i d-ibanen deg tagara n wungal s uwadem n Wezna

akked Sekkura.

Inagmayen yuran ɣef tmeṭṭut di tmetti taqbaylit tamensayt, am

A.Hanoteau, L.C.Dujardin, Tassadit Yacine d wiyaḍ, nnan-d amek tettidir di

tmetti, yal yiwen amek yura, maca mcaraken deg waṭas n tikta, tameṭṭut

taqbaylit tettwaḥqer, acu kan ssebba n temḥeqranit deg waṭas n tikkwal mačči

d argaz, maca d tameṭṭut am nettat, Linda KUDAC ur txulef ara ṛṛay n

yinagmayen-a, imi deg waṭas n yimukan deg ungal i d-tessebgen annect-a, ɣef

way-a, nezmer ad d-nini belli tamuɣli-is ɣer usentel n tmeṭṭut akked tmuɣli n

tmetti s umata d yiwet, imi tenna-d kan ayen yellan ɣef tudert n tmeṭṭut s

tidet.

S umata, ungal n Linda KUDAC, yewwi-d tamuɣli tamaynut ɣer unnar

aseklan aqbayli, imi akken i d-nenna yakan, d ungal amenzu ara taru tmeṭṭut,

ɣef way-a, azal-is meqqar aṭas, imi ahat d win ara yellin tiwwura i ungalen

nniḍen n tulawin nniḍen akken ad rnunt ar twacult i d-teslal di tsekla

taqbaylit.

Ɣas akka asentel n tmeṭṭut tefka-d fell-as tamuɣli Linda KUDAC, maca

asirem ameqqran, melmi ara nwali tameṭṭut tura ungalen ɣef isental nniḍen

am tsartit, d umennuɣ ɣef tmagit d waffrayen… ay-a ahat yella deg ttxamim n

Linda KUDAC, d tid i tt-icuban.

1. Asumer/les propositions

Assaɣ amwalan= relation lexicale

Assaɣ anamkan= relation sémantique

Awal s tmaziɣt

Anamek-is s tefransist

Aḥulfu Sentiment

Assaḍ Héro

Asedres la mise en texte

Asugen Imaginaire

Asentel

Thème

asisen Présentation

Amenzay Principe

Awennet Commentaire

Azamul Symbole

Azɣan Critique

Tasleḍt Analyse

Tamlilt Rôle

Tanebda Présentation

Tasentalant Thématique

Tudsa Organisation

Tazrewt Etude

Tulsa Répétition

Limarat n usentel Motif

Udyiz Poétique

Idlisen

1- KUDAC Linda, Ungal aɛecciw n tmes, ed. Tasekla, !!!tizi Ouzou, 2009.

2- DUJARDIN Camille Lacoste. Des méres contre les Femmes, éd. Bouchene

Algérie, 1991.

3- GALLAND Pernet, Acte du 1er Congrès des cultures méditerranéennes

d’influences arabo-berbère, éd. SNED , 1973.

4- HANOTEAU Adolphe « Poésies Populaire de la Kabylie du Jurjura », texte

kabylie et traduction imprimé par ordre de l’empereur à l’imprimerie

impériale, Paris, 1867.

5- JEROME,Roger la critique littéraire, éd. Dunod, Paris, 1997

6- MEROLLA Daniela, de l’art de la narration tamazight (berbére), ed. PEETERS,

PARIS-LOUVAIN, 2006.

7- RAIMAND Michel, Le roman . éd. Armand Colin ,2éme éd, Paris2002

8- REUTER Yves, Introduction a l’analyse du roman. Éd. Armand Colin.

9- YACINE Tasadit, Recueil de poésies Kabyles, éd. Awal, Paris, Alger, 1990.

Imawalend yisegzawalen

1. Abdel Malek MENICHE, Dictionnaire Français-tamaziɣt, ed. Asirem, 2005.

2. Amawal n tmaziɣt tatrat , Tamziɣt-Français; Français-

Tamaziɣt.2emeédition ,1990.

3. B.Budris: Tamawlt Usegmi, vocabulaire de l’éducation .Français-

Tamaziɣt.Premiére edition-1993

4. Brahim Ben Taleb, Amawal: tamaziɣt-Français, ccix-iw, ed Ait Mouloud.

5. CRITICA : dictionnaire de critique littéraire, de Joëlle Gardes-Tamine,

Marie Clande Hubert. Ed Cérès, 1998.

6. Dectionnaire de l’éthnlogie et l’anthropologie, P U F, Paris, 1991.

7. Encyclopaedia Universalis, Paris, 1988.

8. Ḥ.BUTLIWA, Dictionnaire Trilingue, Fançais-Tamaziɣt-Arabe.Ed Agadaz,

ISBN, 2005.

9. Muḥend Akli SALḤI, asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla. Ed l’odyssee, 2012.

10. Petit Larousse ,1998.

11. Tzvetan TODOROV et Oswald DUCROT, Dictionnaire encyclopédique des

sciences du langage. Ed Du Seuil, 1972.

Iɣmisen

1. Adiwenni d Remdan LASHEB deg uɣmis n la dépeche de kabylie id-

yefɣen ass n 28 juin 2009.

2. Adiwenni d Nicole BARBiERE deg uɣmis n la dépeche de kabylie.

3. Kamel MEDJDOUB, aɣmis n El Watan id yefɣen ass n 20 - 04 -2010.

Radyu:

1. Linda KUDAC di Radyu tis-snat, tadwilt seg timawit ɣer tira. Ass n 14

Février 2012.

Tizrawin

1. Megdouda Djazia, “ asentel n Nnger deg kra n tezlatin n Matoub

LOUNAS” takatut n taggara n turagt, Tizi Ouzou.