toefl5.pptm

8/20/2019 toefl5.pptm

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PROBLEMS WITH

CAUSATIVES


2/35

Causatives are the main verbs that cause pep!e rmachines t " thin#s r cause thin#s t chan#e$The% are !iste" be!& in r"er ' the mst 'rce'u! t

the !east 'rce'u!

Ma(e #et have

Let he!p


3/35

)*$ Causative MA+E

Remember that MA+E can be use" as a causative$ Incausative, a persn "es nt per'rm an actin"irect!%$ The persn causes it t happen b% 'rcin#

anther persn t " it$S MAKE Someone Verb word

His mther ma"e him ta(e His me"icine

S MAKE something Verb word

I ma"e The machine &r(


4/35

E-amp!es

InC . She ma"e the bab% t ta(e a nap

C . She ma"e the bab% ta(e a nap

Inc . I can/t seem t ma(e this "ish&asher runnin#

C . I can/t seem t ma(e this "ish&asher run

InC . pats% ma(e ever%ne "in# his share arun"

the huseC . pats% ma(e ever%ne " his share arun" the

huse


5/35

E-ercise.

Ps%ch!#ist be!ieve that incentives $$$ t increase urpr"uctivit%

A$Ma(e us &antB$Ma(e us t &ant

C$Ma(in# us &ant

0$Ma(es us &antT mush &ater ma(es p!ants runnin# b&n n the

e"#es ' their !eaves


6/35

)1$ Causative 2ET

Remember that 2ET can be use" as a causative$

S GET someone Infinitive

Let/s #et Ra!ph T # With us

S GET something participle

Let/s #et Our car 'i-e" 'irst


7/35

E-amp!es

InC . 0 %u thin( that &e can #et a +aren ta(es ust San 0iae#3

C . 0 %u thin( that &e can #et a +aren t ta(e ust San 0iae#3

Inc . I &ant t #et the huse paint be're &inter

C . I &ant t #et the huse painte" be're &inter


8/35

E-ercise

Lbb%sits &h represent specia! interest #rup #et $$$that bene'its their #rup

A$Cn#ress t pass the !e#is!atinB$Cn#ress passe" the !e#is!atin

C$The !e#is!atin t pass b% Cn#ress

0$The !e#is!atin that Cn#rees passin#

In r"er t receive 'u!! reimbursement 'r 4e&e!r% thatmi#ht be st!en, the &ner must #et a!! piecessappraise


9/35

)5$ Causative HAVE

Remember that HAVE can be use" as a causative$ Incausative, a persn "es nt per'rm an actin"irect!%

S HAVE someone Verb word

M% En#!ishteacher

ha" us #ive Ora! reprt

S HAVE Something Participle

I Want t have This b( rene&e" p!ease


10/35

E-amp!es

Inc . Tm ha" a tth 'i!!

C . Tm ha" a tth 'i!!e"

Inc . The% ha" their !a&%er t chan#e their &i!!s

C . The% ha" their !a&%er chan#e their &i!!s


11/35

E-ercisesLi(e humans, 6 anima!s must have a "entist $$$ Their

teeth A$7i!!

B$7i!!e"C$7i!!in#0$T be 'i!!e"Mst pre"entia! can"i"ate" have their names print n the

ba!!t in 8e& Hampshire primar% e!ectin because it iscustmeri!% the 'irst ne in the natin, an" &innin# it can#ive them a #" chance t be nminate" b% their parties


12/35

)9$ Causative LET

Remember that LET can be use" as a causative$ WithLET, a persn #ives permissin 'r anther persn t"

S ET someone Verb wordHis mther !et him 2 T sch!

S ET something Verb word

I Am !ettin# This machine c!


13/35

E-amp!es

Inc . Pr'essr Ba(er !et us t &rite paper instea" 'ta(in# a 'ina! e-am

C . Pr'essr Ba(er !et us &rite paper instea" 'ta(in# a 'ina! e-am

Inc . &u!" %u !et us the brr& %ur ntes3

C . &u!" %u !et us brr& %ur ntes3


14/35

E-ercise.

The Immi#ratin an" 8atura!i6atin Service 'ten $$$Their Visas i' the% 'i!! ut the apprpriate papers$

A$Lets stu"ents e-ten"B$Lets stu"ents 'r e-ten"

C$Lettin# stu"ents t e-ten"

0$Let stu"ents e-ten"in#

The natina! Bas(etba!! Assciatin &i!! nt !et an%ath!et t cntinue p!a%in# in the !ea#ue un!ess hesubmits v!untari!% t treatment 'r "ru# a""ictin


15/35

:;$ Causative HELP

Remembe that HELP can be use" as a causative$ WithHELP, a persn assists anther persn t " it

S HEP someone Verb wordinfinitive

He Is he!pin# Me t%pe M% paper

He Is he!pin# Me T t%pe M% paper


16/35

E-amp!es

Inc . Her husban" a!&a% he!ps her that she "es the!aun"r%

C . Her husban" a!&a% he!ps her " the !aun"r% r

Her husban" a!&a% he!ps her t " the !aun"r%


17/35

E-ercises

In partnership &ith


18/35

Prb!ems &ith cn"itina!s

Cn"itina!s are statements &ith i' r un!ess$ The% arepinins abut the cn"itins =circumstances> thatin'!uence resu!ts, an" pinins abut the resu!ts$

There are t& (in"s ' cn"itina!s$ In mst #rammar b(s, the% are ca!!e" rea! r 'actua! cn"itina!sunrea! r cntrar%?t?'act cn"itina!s$ 7actua!cn"itina!s e-press abs!ute, scienti'ic 'acts,

prbab!e resu!ts, r pssib!e resu!ts$ Cntrar%?t?'actcn"itina!s e-press imprbab!e r impssib!e

! "i i ! b ! i i'i


19/35

:)$ 7actua! cn"itina!s @ abs!ute, scienti'icresu!ts

Remember that abs!ute cn"itina!s e-pressscienti'ic 'acts$ Wi!! an" verb &r" e-presses thepinin that the resu!t is abs!ute!% certain$

I' S V=present>

S V =present>

I' A cata!%st Is use" Thereactin

ccurs Mrerapi"!%

r

I' S V=present>

S &i!! Verb &r"

I' A cata!%st Is use" Thereactin

&i!! ccur Mrerapi"!%


20/35

E-amp!es.

In . I' &ater 'ree6es, it has becme a s!i"

C . I' &ater 'ree6es, it becmes a s!i"

r I' &ater 'ree6es, it &i!! becme a s!i"

In . i' !i#ht stri(es a ru#h sur'ace, it "i''use"

. i' !i#ht stri(es a ru#h sur'ace, it "i''usesr

. i' !i#ht stri(es a ru#h sur'ace, it &i!! "i''use


21/35

E-ercises.

I' &ater is heate" t :): "e#rees 7, $ As steam

A$It &i!! bi! an" escape

B$It is bi!in# an" escapin#C$It bi!e" an" escape"

0$It &u!" bi! an" escape

I' a !ive spn#e is br(en int pieces, each piece &u!"turn int a ne& spn#e !i(e the ri#ina! ne

7 ! C "i i ! P b b! R ! ' h


22/35

::$ 7actua! Cn"itina!s?Prbab!e Resu!ts 'r the'uture

Remember that will an" a verb &r" e-presses thepinin that the resu!ts are abs!ute!% certain$ Inr"er ' mre t !ess prbab!e, use the '!!&in#m"a!. will, can, may

If S V S !ill"can" ma#

Verb word

I' &e 'in" Hera""ress

&e &i!! &rite Her

&e &i!! &rite her I' &e 'in" Hera""ress


23/35

E-amp!es

In . I' the% have a #" sa!e, I &u!" have stppe" b% n m% &a% hme

C . I' the% have a #" sa!e, I &i!! stp b% n m% &a% hme

Or

I &i!! stp b% n m% &a% hme I' the% have a #" sa!e


24/35

I' services are increase", ta-es

A$ Wi!! prbab!% # up

B$Prbab!% # up

C$Prbab!% up0$2in# up prbab!%

I' %u "n/t re#ister be're the !ast "a% ' re#u!ar

re#istratin, %u pa%in# a !ate 'ee


25/35

:$ 7actua! cn"itina!s @ Pssib!e Resu!ts

Remember that a!thu#h a past verb is use", thepinin is 'r 'uture time$ In r"er ' mst pssib!et !east pssib!e, use the '!!&in# m"a!s. would,could, might

I' she 'un" her a""ress, &e &u!" &rite her

cu!"

mi#ht

We &u!" &rite her i' &e 'un" her a""ress


26/35

E-amp!es

In . I' 4im/s 'ami!% meet +aren, I am sure that the% &u!" !i(e her

C . I' 4im/s 'ami!% met +aren, I am sure that the% &u!" !i(e her

In . I'


27/35

E-ercises

I' Americans ate 'e&er '"s &ith su#ar an" sa!t, their#enera! hea!th

A$BeB$ Wi!! be

C$Is

0$ Wu!" beI' "rivers be%e" the spee" !imit, 'e&er acci"ents ccur

: 7act a! cn"itina!s p bab!e chan#es in


28/35

:$ 7actua! cn"itina!s @ prbab!e chan#es inPast Resu!ts

Remember that the spea(er r &riter is e-pressin# anpinin abut the resu!t ' the past un"er "i''erentcn"itins r circumstances$ In r"er ' the mst tthe !east prbab!e, use the '!!&in# m"a!s . &u!",cu!", mi#ht

E-amp!e.

I' &e ha" 'un" her a""ress &e &u!" have &ritten her


29/35

Accr"in# t sme histrians, i' 8ap!en ha" ntinva"e" Russia, he the rest ' Eurpe

A$Ha" cnDuere"

B$ Wu!" cnDuerC$ Wu!" have cnDuere"

0$CnDuere"

I' "insaurs &u!" have cntinue" ramin# the earth,man &u!" have ev!ve" Duite "i''erent!%

: Cntrar% t 'act cn"itina!s Impssib!e


30/35

:$ Cntrar%?t?'act cn"itina!s @ Impssib!eResu!t were

Remember that the verb BE is a!&a%s were incntrar%?t?'act cn"itina!s

E-amp!e

I' the part% &ere n 7ri"a%, &e cu!" #


31/35

E-amp!es.

In . I' m% "au#hter is here, I &u!" be ver% happ%

C . I' m% "au#hter &ere here, I &u!" be ver%

happ%

In . This apartment be per'ect i' it &ere a !itt!e!ar#er

C . This apartment &u!" be per'ect i' it &ere a!itt!e !ar#er


32/35

I' humans &ere tta!!% "eprive" ' s!eep, the% ha!!ucinatin, an-iet%, cma, an" eventua!!%, "eath

A$ Wu!" e-perience

B$E-perienceC$ Wu!" have e-perience"

0$Ha" e-perience"

I' &e &ere t cnsi"er a!! ' the "i''erent (in"s '

mtin in "iscussin# the mvement ' an b4ect, it is ver% cn'usin#, because even an b4ect at rest ismvin# as the earth turns

:* Cntrar% t 'act cn"itina!s Chan#e in


33/35

:*$ Cntrar%?t?'act cn"itina!s @ Chan#e inCn"itins Unless

Remember that there is a sub4ect an" verb that"etermines the chan#e in cn"itins a'ter thecnnectr unless

Examples

Luisa won’t return unless (IF) she gets a scholarship


34/35

E-amp!es.

In . I can/t # I "n/t #et m% &r( 'inishe"

C . I can/t # un!ess I #et m% &r( 'inishe"

In . 0ean never ca!!s his 'ather un!ess nee"s mne%

C . 0ean never ca!!s his 'ather un!ess he nee"s

mne%


35/35

E-ercise

7tba!! teams "n/t p!a% in the Super B&!champinship ???? either the 8atina! r the

American Cn'erence

A$Un!ess the% &in

B$But the% &in

C$Un!ess the% &i!! &in

0$But t have &nUsua!!% B% cannt becme Scut B%s un!ess

cmp!ete" the 'i'th #ra"e

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