TOIEC Grammar - Pronouns

8/9/2019 TOIEC Grammar - Pronouns

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TOEIC Grammar GLOBAL EDUCATION VIETNAM

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PRONOUNS

Definition: i t l nhng t thay th cho danh t.i t c th chia lm cc loi sau:

I. Personal Pronouns (i t nhn xng)

1. Subjective pronouns (i t lm ch ng)

Singular Plural

1st

person I We

2nd

person You You

3rd

person He/She/It They

Example:

I am going to the store.

George and I would like to leave now.

It was she who called you.

2. Objective pronouns (i t lm tn ng)

I me

He him

She her

We us

You you

It it

They them

Example:

They called us on the telephone.

The teacher gave him a bad grade.

The policeman was looking for him.


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The use of It

- i t it c dng cho nhng s vt c th, nim tru tng hoc dng cho con vt.

Example:

I tried the door. It was locked.

He promised his help if ever I needed it.

- i t It dng nhn danh mt ngi cn cha bit l ai. V khi nhn ra ri th he hay she c s

dng tu theo l nam hay n.

Example:

There was a knock at the door. I thought it was the postman. He usually comes at that time.

- i t It c dng ni v mt tng c ni n trong mt nhm t, mt mnh , mt cu trc

.

Example:

He tried to break the lock. It was not easy either.

The music had stopped. He didnt notice it.

- i t It c dng nh mt ch ng gi (formal subject) khi ni v iu kin thi tit, thi gian, khong

cch, o lng.

Example:

It is raining heavily.

It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.

It is five feet deep.

- It nh mt formal subject cn c tm thy trong nhng cu m mt t c b ngha bi mt cm t

hoc mt mnh sau n.

Example:

It is stupid to fall asleep like that.

It is no use hoping hell ever change his mind.

It was a surprise that he had come back so soon.


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- i t It cn c s dng nh mt tn ng gi theo sau n l tnh t hoc danh t c b ngha bi

cm t hay mnh .

Example:

I found it difficult to explain this to him.

He thought it no use going over the subject again.

She thought it odd that they had left him no message.

- i t It c s dng nhn mnh cho mt t hoc cm t trong cu:

Example:

It was my question that made him angry.

- i t It i khi c s dng trong cc c ng c tnh cht thn mt.

Example:

Hang it all, we cant wait all day for him.

When I see him, Ill have it out with him.

If the teacher sees you doing that, youll catch it.

II. Possessive pronouns (i t s hu)

i t s hu c lin h mt thit vi i t nhn xng. N khng ng trc danh t, chthay th cho danh

t c ni n.

I mine: ca ti

You yours: ca anh, ca cc anh

He his: ca anh y

She hers: ca c y

We ours: ca chng ti

It its: ca n

They theirs: ca bn h

Example:

She put her arm through mine. (=my arm)

They are not my gloves; I thought they were yours. (=your gloves)


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III. Reflexive Pronouns (i t phn thn)

i t phn thn c s dng nh i danh t trong cu. N cho thy ch ng va cho v va nhn hnh

ng. Hay ni cch khc, ch ng v tn ng ca cu u chmt ngi nh nhau.

I my self

You yourself

He himself

She herself

It itself

We ourselves

You yourself

They themselves

Example:

John bought himself a new car. (himself = John)

- i t phn thn c chc nng nh mt tn ng trong cu

Example:

She served herself in the cafeteria.

I am sure you both remember the day when you talked about yourselves and the past.

He sent himself the letter.

- i t phn thn cn c dng nhn mnh.iu c ngha l chnh ch ng thc hin hnh ng.

Trong trng hp ny, n ng sau ch ng.

Example:

You yourself told them the story.

The student themselves decorated the room.

Note: by + i t phn thn = alone (mt mnh)

Example:

John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone.


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IV. Demonstrative pronouns (i t ch nh)

This (ngi ny, ci ny)these (nhng ngi ny, nhng ci ny)

That (ngi kia, ci kia) those (nhng ngi kia, nhng ci kia)

Such (nh th ny, nh th kia)

Same (nh nhau)

Note: i t those c theo sau bi mt mnh quan h hoc mt ng phn t ni v ngi.

Example:

Those (=people) injured in the accident were taken to hospital.

Even those who do not like this pictures are not indifferent to him.

V. Indefinite pronouns (i t bt nh)

1. some somebody, someone (ai ), something (ci g )

- Dng trong cu khng nh v i vi ng t s t.

Example:

Theres somebody at the door.

Ive got something to tell you.

- c dng trong cu hi khi cu tr li s l yes

Example:

Whats wrong with you? Have you got something in your eyes? (I see something in your eyes).

- c dng khi mun mi hay yu cu iu g

Example:

Would you like something to drink?

2. Any anybody, anyone (bt c ai), anything (bt c ci g)

c dng trong cu ph nh v nghi vn v i vi ng t s t.

Example:

Is there anybody home?

I am very tired now. I dont want to eat anything.


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- c dng trong mnh If

Example:

If anyone has any questions, Ill be please to answer them.

3. No nobody, no one, nothing (khng ai, khng ci g)

- c dng vi ngha ph nh, c th ng u cu hoc ng mt mnh.

Example:

What did you say? Nothing.

Nobody (no one) came to visit me when I was in hospital.

- nothing, nobody = not + anything, anybody

Example:

She didnt tell anybody about her plan. (= She told nobody)

- c dng vi ng t hnh thc s t.

Example:

The house is empty. There is nobody living there.

- Khi dng nothing, nobody th khng dng ng t ph nh.

Example:

He said nothing.

Nobody tells me anything.

- Sau nobody, no one c th dng they, them, their

Example:

Nobody phoned, did they?

Noone in the class did their homework.

The party was a disaster. Nobody enjoyed themselves.

VI. Relative pronouns (i t quan h)

i t Who, whom, which, those, that c dng ni mnh chnh vi mnh ph.

Xem phn Relative clause

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TOIEC Grammar - Pronouns