Tokyo in English!

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Adopted in June 1989, Tokyo's official symbol has threearcs forming the letterT for Tokyo in the shape of avivid green ginkgo leaf. It symbolizes Tokyo's future

growth, prosperity, charm, and tranquility.Template Discussion ParameterWikiProject Japan

Tokyo (Tky?), formally Tokyo Metropolis (Tky-to?), is one of the 47prefectures ofJapan. Located on the eastern side of the main islandHonsh, Tokyo isunique among the prefectures, providing certain municipal services characteristic of a

city, as defined by Japanese law.[1]

Because it is the seat of the Japanese government and theImperial Palace, and the homeof the Japanese Imperial Family, Tokyo is the de factocapital of Japan.[2] The nameTokyo literally means eastern capital.

The twenty-threespecial wards of Tokyo, although each administratively a city in itsown right, constitute the area informally considered as the "city of Tokyo" and arecollectively one of the largest cities in the world with a total population of over 8million people.[3] The total population of the prefecture exceeds 12 million.

The Greater Tokyo Area,[4] centered on Tokyo but also includingChiba,Kanagawa, andSaitama, is the mostpopulous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over35 million people.[5] It has been the world's most populous urban area since between1965 and 1970, and despite Japan's overall declining population, is still growing.[citationneeded]

Tokyo has the largest metropolitan gross domestic product in the world for a city.[citationneeded]

Tokyo is a majorglobal city and megacity. The name "Tokyo" refers variously to Tokyo

Metropolis (the prefecture) as a whole, or only to the main urban mass under itsjurisdiction (thus excluding west Tama and Izu and Ogasawara Islands), or even thewhole of Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and parts ofKanagawa, Saitama,Chiba, Gunma, Tochigi,Ibaraki, and Yamanashi prefectures, depending on context.

This article uses the name to refer to Tokyo Metropolis unless otherwise stated.

Contents

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1 Name 2 History
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3 Geography and administrative divisionso 3.1 The twenty-three special wardso 3.2 Western Tokyo

3.2.1 Cities 3.2.2 Districts, towns and villages

o 3.3 Islandso 3.4 National Parks

4 Cityscape 5 Climate and seismology 6 Environment

o 6.1 Global warming 7 Economy 8 Demographics 9 Transportation 10 Education

11 Culture and sports 12 Tokyo in popular media 13 Sister relationships 14 See also 15 References

16 External links

[edit] Name

Tokyo was originally known asEdo, meaning estuary.[6]Its name was changed to Tokyo(Tky: t (east) + ky (capital)) when it became the de facto imperial capital in 1868.[6]

During the early Meiji period, the city was also called "Tkei", an alternativepronunciation for the same Chinese characters representing "Tokyo". Some survivingofficial English documents use the spelling "Tokei".[7] This pronunciation is nowobsolete.

[edit] History

Main article:History of Tokyo

Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Ginza during the allied occupation period

Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo. In 1457,ta Dkan built EdoCastle. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasumade Edo his base and when he became shogun in1603, the town became the center of his nationwide military government. During thesubsequentEdo period, Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a

population topping one million by the 18th century.[8] It became the de facto capital ofJapan[9] even while the emperor lived in Kyoto, the imperial capital.

After about 263 years, the shogunate was overthrown under the banner ofrestoringimperial rule. In 1869, the 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo. Tokyo was alreadythe nation's political and cultural center,[10]and the emperor's residence made it a defacto imperial capital as well with the formerEdo Castle becoming theImperial Palace.The city of Tokyo was established, and continued to be the capital until it was abolishedas a municipality in 1943 and merged with the "Metropolitan Prefecture" of Tokyo.

Central Tokyo, like Osaka, has been designed since about the turn of the century (1900)to be centered around major train stations in a high-density fashion[citation needed], sosuburban railways were built relatively cheaply at street level and with their own right-

of-way. This differs from cities in the United States, such as Los Angeles, that are low-density and automobile-centric. Though expressways have been built in Tokyo, thebasic design has not changed.

Tokyo went on to suffer two major catastrophes in the 20th century, but it recoveredfrom both. One was the 1923 Great Kant earthquake, and the other was World War II.The firebombings in 1945, with 75,000 to 200,000 killed and half of the city destroyed,were almost as devastating as the atomic bombs ofHiroshima andNagasakicombined.[11] After the war, Tokyo was completely rebuilt, and showcased to the worldduring the 1964 Summer Olympics. The 1970s brought new high-rise developmentssuch as Sunshine 60, a new and controversialairport atNarita, some distance outside

city limits, and a population increase to about 11 million (in the metropolitan area).

Tokyo's subway and commuter rail network became one of the busiest in the world[12] asmore and more people moved to the area. In the 1980s, real estate prices skyrocketedduring an economicbubble. The bubble burst in the early 1990s and many companies,

banks, and individuals were caught with real estate shrinking in value. A majorrecession followed, making the 1990s Japan's "lost decade"[13] from which it is slowlyrecovering.

Tokyo still sees new urban developments on large lots of less profitable land. Recentprojects includeEbisu Garden Place, Tennozu Isle, Shiodome, Roppongi Hills,

Shinagawa (now also a Shinkansen station), and theMarunouchi side ofTokyo Station.Buildings of significance are demolished for more up-to-date shopping facilities such as
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Omotesando Hills. Land reclamation projects in Tokyo have also been going on forcenturies. The most prominent is the Odaiba area, now a major shopping andentertainment center.

Rainbow Bridge andTokyo Toweras seen from Odaiba at night

Various plans have been proposed[14] for transferring national government functionsfrom Tokyo to secondary capitals in other regions of Japan, in order to slow down rapiddevelopment in Tokyo and revitalize economically lagging areas of the country. These

plans have been controversial[15] within Japan and have yet to be realized.

[edit] Geography and administrative divisions

Main article:Politics of TokyoMain article:List of mergers in Tokyo

Map showing the mainland portion of Tokyo.

The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest ofTokyo Bay and measures about 90 kmeast to west and 25 km north to south.Chiba Prefectureborders it to the east,Yamanashi to the west, Kanagawa to the south, and Saitama to the north. MainlandTokyo is further subdivided into the special wards (occupying the eastern half) and theTama area () stretching westwards.

Also within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in

the Pacific Ocean directly south: the Izu Islands, and theOgasawara Islands, whichstretch more than 1,000 km away from mainland Japan. Because of these islands andmountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures farunderrepresent the real figures for urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.

UnderJapanese law, Tokyo is designated as a to (), translated as metropolis.[16] Itsadministrative structure is similar to that of Japan's otherprefectures. Within Tokyo liedozens of smaller entities, most of them conventionally[citation needed] referred to as cities. Itincludes twenty-three special wards ( -ku) which until 1943 comprised thecityof Tokyobut are now separate, self-governing municipalities, each with a mayor and acouncil, and having the status of a city. In addition to these 23 municipalities, Tokyo

also encompasses 26 more cities ( -shi), five towns ( -ch or machi), and eightvillages ( -son or -mura), each of which has a local government. The Tokyo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omotesando_Hillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_(Tokyo)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-13#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-14#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izu_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogasawara_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogasawara_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_lawhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-15#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyohttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TokyoMap.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TokyoMap.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tokyo_2006.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tokyo_2006.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omotesando_Hillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_(Tokyo)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaibahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-13#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-14#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitama_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izu_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogasawara_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_lawhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-15#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyohttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Cityhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/?


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Metropolitan Government is headed by a publicly elected governor and metropolitanassembly. Its headquartersare in the ward ofShinjuku. They govern all of Tokyo,including lakes, rivers, dams, farms, remote islands, and national parks in addition to itsfamous neon jungle, skyscrapers and crowded subways.

[edit] The twenty-three special wards

The special wards (tokubetsu-ku) of Tokyo comprise the area formerly incorporated asTokyo City. On July 1, 1943, Tokyo City was merged with Tokyo Prefecture (,Tky-fu) forming the current "metropolitan prefecture". As a result of this merger,unlike othercity wards in Japan, these wards are not part of any larger incorporated city.

Each ward is a municipality with its own elected mayor and assembly like the othercities of Japan. The wards differ from other cities in that certain governmental functionsare handled by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Skyscrapers inShinjuku

The special wards of Tokyo are as follows:

Adachi Arakawa Bunky Chiyoda Ch Edogawa Itabashi

Katsushika

Kita Kt Meguro Minato Nakano Nerima ta

Setagaya

Shibuya Shinagawa Shinjuku Suginami Sumida Tait

Toshima

The term "central Tokyo" today may refer to all of the 23 special wards, to all but theoutermost special wards, or only to the three centrally located wards ofChiyoda,ChandMinato.

[edit] Western Tokyo

To the west of the special wards, Tokyo Metropolis consists of cities, towns and villagesthat enjoy the same legal status as those elsewhere in Japan.

While serving a role as "bed towns" for those working in central Tokyo, some of thesealso have a local commercial and industrial base. Collectively, these are often known asthe Tama Area orWestern Tokyo.
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[edit] Cities

Satellite photo of Tokyo taken byNASA'sLandsat 7

Twenty-six cities lie within the western part of Tokyo:

Akiruno Akishima Chfu Fuch Fussa Hachiji Hamura Higashikurume

Higashimurayama

Higashiyamato Hino Inagi Kiyose Kodaira Koganei Kokubunji Komae

Kunitachi

Machida Mitaka Musashimurayama Musashino Nishitky me Tachikawa

Tama

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has designated Hachiji, Tachikawa, Machida,

me and Tama New Town as regional centres of the Tama area,[17]as part of their plansto disperse urban functions away from central Tokyo.

[edit] Districts, towns and villages

The far west is occupied by the district (gun) ofNishitama. Much of this area ismountainous and unsuitable for urbanization. The highest mountain in Tokyo, MountKumotori, is 2,017 m high; other mountains in Tokyo include Takasu (1737 m), Odake(1266 m), and Mitake (929 m). Lake Okutama, on the Tama RivernearYamanashiPrefecture, is Tokyo's largest lake.

Hinode Mizuho Okutama Hinohara

[edit] Islands

Tokyo has numerous outlying islands, which extend as far as 1850 km from centralTokyo. Because of the islands' distance from the administrative headquarters of themetropolitan government in Shinjuku, local offices administer them.
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The Izu Islands are a group of volcanic islands and form part of the Fuji-Hakone-IzuNational Park. The islands in order from closest to Tokyo are Izu shima, Toshima,Niijima, Shikinejima, Kozushima,Miyakejima,Mikurajima, Hachijojima, andAogashima. Izu shima and Hachijojima are towns. The remaining islands are sixvillages, with Niijima and Shikinejima formingone village.

The Ogasawara Islands include, from north to south, Chichi-jima,Nishinoshima,Haha-jima,Kita Iwo Jima,Iwo Jima, and Minami Iwo Jima. Ogasawara also administers twotiny outlying islands:Minami Torishima, the easternmost point in Japan and at1,850 km the most distant island from central Tokyo, andOkino Torishima, thesouthernmost point in Japan. The last island is contested by the People's Republic ofChina as being only uninhabited rocks. The Iwo chain and the outlying islands have no

permanent population, but hostJapanese Self-Defense Forces personnel. Localpopulations are only found on Chichi-jima and Haha-jima. The islands form the villageof Ogasawara.

[edit] National Parks

There are several national parks within Tokyo, among them:

Meiji no Mori Takao Quasi-National Park, around Mount Takao to the south ofHachiji

Ogasawara National Park. As of2006, efforts were being made to makeOgasawara National Park a UNESCO natural World Heritage Site.

[edit] Cityscape

Architecture in Tokyo has largely been shaped by Tokyo's history. Twice in recenthistory has the metropolis been left in ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kant earthquakeand later afterextensive firebombing in World War II.[18]Because of this, Tokyo'scurrent urban landscape is one of modern and contemporary architecture, and older

buildings are scarce.[18]

Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens.
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Panoramic view of Tokyo as seen fromMarunouchi

[edit] Climate and seismology

Climate chart for Tokyo

J F M A M J J A S O N D

45

10

1

60

10

2

100

13

4

125

18

10

138

23

15

185

25

19

126

29

22

148

31

24

180

26

20

164

21

14

89

17

9

46

12

4

temperatures in C

precipitation totals in mm

source: Climate-Charts.com

Imperial conversion[show]

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1.8

5034

2.4

5036

3.9

5539

4.9

6450

5.4

7359

7.3

7766

5

8472

5.8

8875

7.1

7968

6.5

7057

3.5

6348

1.8

5439

temperatures in Fprecipitation totals in inches
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Tokyo lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Koppen climate classificationCfa),[19]

with hot humid summers and generally mild winters with cool spells. Annual rainfallaverages 1,380 mm (55 inches), with a wetter summer and a drier winter. Snowfall issporadic, but does occur almost annually.[20] Tokyo is an example of anurban heatisland; the city's population is a significant contributor to its climate.[21][22]Tokyo has

been cited as a "convincing example of the relationship between urban growth andclimate". Tokyo also often sees typhoons each year, though few are strong. The last oneto hit was Fitow in 2007.[21]

Tokyo was hit by powerful earthquakes in 1703, 1782, 1812, 1855 and 1923.[23][24] The1923 earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 8.3, killed 142,000 people.

[edit] Environment

[edit] Global warming

Tokyo has enacted a measure to cut greenhouse gases. GovernorShintaro Ishiharacreated Japan's first emissions cap system, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emission bya total of 25 percent by 2020 from the 2000 level. [25]

[edit] Economy

Tokyo Stock Exchange

Nikkei 225

Tokyo is one of the three world finance "command centres", along withNew York CityandLondon. Tokyo has the largest metropolitan economy in the world. According to a

study conducted byPricewaterhouseCoopers, the Tokyourban area (35.2 millionpeople) had a total GDP of US$1,191 billion in 2005 (atpurchasing power parity),
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ranking again as the largest urban agglomeration GDP in the world.[26] See alsoList ofcities by GDP.

Tokyo is a major international finance center,[27]houses the headquarters of several ofthe world's largest investment banks and insurancecompanies, and serves as a hub for

Japan's transportation,publishing, andbroadcastingindustries. During the centralizedgrowth of Japan's economy following World War II, many large firms moved theirheadquarters from cities such as Osaka (the historical commercial capital) to Tokyo, inan attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. This trend has begun toslow due to ongoing population growth in Tokyo and the high cost of living there.

Tokyo was rated by the Economist Intelligence Unitas the most expensive (highestcost-of-living) city in the world for 14 years in a row ending in 2006.[28] This analysis isfor living a Western corporate executive lifestyle, with items like a detached house andseveral automobiles.

The Tokyo Stock Exchange is Japan's largest stock exchange, and second largest in theworld by market capitalization and fourth largest by share turnover. In 1990 at the endof the Japanese asset price bubble, it accounted for more than 60% of the world stockmarket value.[29]

Tokyo had 8,460 ha (20,900 acres) of agricultural land as of 2003,[30] according to theMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, placing it last among the nation's

prefectures. The farmland is concentrated in Western Tokyo. Perishables such asvegetables, fruits, and flowers can be conveniently shipped to the markets in the eastern

part of the prefecture. Japanese leaf spinachandspinachare the most importantvegetables; as of 2000, Tokyo supplied 32.5% of the Japanese leaf spinach sold at itscentral produce market.

With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive growths of cryptomeria andJapanese cypress, especially in the mountainous western communities of Akiruno, me,Okutama, Hachiji, Hinode, and Hinohara. Decreases in the price of lumber, increasesin the cost of production, and advancing old age among the forestry population haveresulted in a decline in Tokyo's output. In addition, pollen, especially from cryptomeria,is a major allergen for the nearby population centers.

Tokyo Bay was once a major source of fish. Presently, most of Tokyo's fish production

comes from the outer islands, such as Izu shima and Hachijjima. Skipjack tuna,nori,andaji are among the ocean products.

Tourism in Tokyo is also a contributor to the economy.

[edit] Demographics
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Over eight millionpeople live withinTokyo's 23 wards.During the daytime,the population

swells by over 2.5million as workersand studentscommute fromadjacent areas.[31]

This effect is evenmore pronounced inthe three centralwards ofChiyoda,Ch, andMinato,whose collective population is less than 300,000 at night, but over two million during

the day. The entire prefecture has 12,790,000 residents in October 2007 (8,657,000 in23 wards), with an increase of over 3 million in the day. Tokyo is at its highest

population ever, while that of the 23 wards peak official count was 8,893,094 in the1965 Census, with the count dipping below 8 million in the 1995 Census. Peoplecontinue to move back into the core city as land prices have fallen dramatically.

As of 2005, the five most common foreign nationalities found in Tokyo are Chinese(123,661), Korean (106,697), Filipino (31,077), American (18,848) and British(7,696).[32]

The 1889 Census recorded 1,389,600 people in Tokyo City, Japan's largest city at thetime.

[edit] Transportation

JRYamanote Line

Map of Tokyo Subway system with transfer stations labeledMain article: Transportation in Greater Tokyo

Population of Tokyo

By area1

TokyoSpecial wards

Tama AreaIslands

12.6 million8.64 million

4 million27,000

By age

Juveniles (age 0-14)Working (age 15-64)Retired (age 65+)

1.433 million (12%)8.507 million (71.4%)2.057 million (16.6%)

By hoursDay

Night14.667 million12.017 million

By nationality Foreign residents 353,8264

1 as ofJune 1, 2007. as ofJanuary 1, 2003.

as of 2000.4 as ofJanuary 1, 2005.
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Tokyo is Japan's largest domestic and international hub for rail, ground, and airtransportation. Public transportation within Tokyo is dominated by an extensive networkof clean and efficient[33] trains and subways run by a variety of operators, with buses,monorails and trams playing a secondary feeder role.

Within ta, one of the 23 special wards, Tokyo International Airport ("Haneda") offersmainly domestic flights. Outside Tokyo,Narita International Airport, in ChibaPrefecture, is the major gateway for international travelers.

Various islands governed by Tokyo have their own airports. Hachijjima(HachijojimaAirport), Miyakejima (Miyakejima Airport), andIzu shima (Oshima Airport) haveservice to Tokyo International and other airports.

Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has the most extensive urbanrailway network in the world and an equally extensive network of surface lines. JR Eastoperates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the Yamanote Lineloop that circles

the center of downtown Tokyo. Two organizations operate the subway network: theprivate Tokyo Metroand the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau ofTransportation. The metropolitan government and private carriers operate bus routes.Local, regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at the giantrailroad stations, includingTokyo and Shinjuku.

Expressways link the capital to other points in the Greater Tokyo area, the Kant region,and the islands ofKysh and Shikoku.

Other transportation includes taxis operating in the special wards and the cities andtowns. Also long-distance ferries serve the islands of Tokyo and carry passengers andcargo to domestic and foreign ports.

[edit] Education

Main article:Education in Tokyo
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Tokyo has many universities, junior colleges, and vocational schools. Many of Japan'smost prestigious universities are in Tokyo, the University of Tokyobeing the most

prestigious[34]of all.National universities located in Tokyo includeHitotsubashiUniversity, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology,University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology and

University of Tokyo. There is only onepublic university (i.e., not national): the TokyoMetropolitan University.Keio University and Waseda University, top privateuniversities in Japan,[35] are located in Tokyo. Tokyo also has a few universities well-known for classes conducted in English. They include International Christian,Sophia,Waseda University, and Temple University Japan. For an extensive list, see List ofuniversities in Tokyo.

Publicly run kindergartens, elementary schools (years 1 through 6), andjunior highschools (7 through 9) are operated by local wards or municipal offices. Publichighschools in Tokyo are run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Educationand are called "Metropolitan High Schools". Tokyo also has many private schools from

kindergarten through high school.[36]

[edit] Culture and sports

Tokyo has many museums. InUeno Parkare four national museums:Tokyo NationalMuseum, the country's largest museum and specializing in traditional Japanese art; the

National Museum of Western Art; and the Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art, withits collections of Japanese modern artas well as over 40,000 Japanese and foreignfilms.[37]Also in Ueno Park are theNational Museum of Science and thepublic zoo.Other museums include theNezu Art Museum in Aoyama; theEdo-Tokyo Museumin

the Sumida Ward across theSumida Riverfrom the center of Tokyo; and theNationalDiet Library, National Archives, and theNational Museum of Modern Art, which arelocated near the Imperial Palace.

Tokyo has many theaters for the performing arts as well. These include national andprivate theaters for traditional forms of Japanese drama (likenoh and kabuki) as well asmodern dramas. Symphony orchestras and other musical organizations perform Westernand traditional music. Tokyo also hosts modern Japanese and Westernpop androckmusic at venues ranging in size from intimate clubs to internationally known arenas liketheNippon Budokan.

Many different festivals occur throughout Tokyo. Major events include the Sann at HieShrine, the Sanja atAsakusa Shrine, and the biennial Kanda Festivals. The last featuresa parade with elaborately decorated floats and thousands of people. Annually on the lastSaturday of July, an enormousfireworks display over the Sumida Riverattracts over amillion viewers. Once cherry blossoms, orsakura, bloom in spring, many residentsgather in Ueno Park, Inokashira Park, and the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden for

picnics under the blossoms.

Harajuku Station on theYamanote Line in theShibuya ward of Tokyo, Japan is knowninternationally for itsyouth style and fashion.[38]

Cuisine in Tokyo is internationally acclaimed. In November of 2007,Michelin releasedtheir guide for fine dining in Tokyo, garnering 191 stars in total, or about twice as many
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-33#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-33#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_national_universitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitotsubashi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitotsubashi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitotsubashi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Medical_and_Dental_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-34#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Christian_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_University_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_high_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_high_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_high_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Board_of_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-35#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-35#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Western_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum_of_Modern_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-36#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-36#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Museum_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezu_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoyamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Tokyo_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Tokyo_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Tokyo_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumida_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumida_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum_of_Modern_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum_of_Modern_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Budokanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivals_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hie_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hie_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asakusa_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asakusa_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumida_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inokashira_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinjuku_Gyoenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajukuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanote_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanote_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibuya%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibuya%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajukuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajukuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-Harajuku-37#cite_note-Harajuku-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin_guidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin_guidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-33#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_national_universitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitotsubashi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitotsubashi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Medical_and_Dental_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-34#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Christian_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_University_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_high_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_high_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Board_of_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-35#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Western_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum_of_Modern_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-36#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Museum_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueno_Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezu_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoyamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Tokyo_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumida_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum_of_Modern_Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Budokanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivals_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hie_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hie_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asakusa_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumida_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inokashira_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinjuku_Gyoenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajukuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanote_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibuya%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajukuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-Harajuku-37#cite_note-Harajuku-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin_guide


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as its nearest competitor, Paris. Eight establishments were awarded the maximum ofthree stars (Paris has 10), 25 received two stars, and 117 earned one star. Of the eighttop-rated restaurants, three offer traditional Japanese fine dining, two are sushi houses,three serve French cuisine. [1]

A sumo match at Rygoku Kokugikan.

Sports in Tokyo are diverse. Tokyo is home to two professionalbaseball clubs, theYakult Swallows(Meiji-Jingu Stadium) andYomiuri Giants (Tokyo Dome). TheJapanSumo Association is also headquartered in Tokyo at the Rygoku Kokugikan sumoarena where three official sumo tournaments are held annually (in January, May, andSeptember).Football (soccer) clubs in Tokyo include FC TokyoandTokyo Verdy 1969,

both of which play at Ajinomoto Stadium inChfu. Tokyo hosted the 1964 SummerOlympics. National Stadium, also known as Olympic Stadium, Tokyois host to anumber of international sporting events. With a number of world-class sports venues,Tokyo often hosts national and international sporting events such as tennis tournaments,swim meets, marathons, American football exhibition games, judo, karate, etc. Tokyo

Metropolitan Gymnasium, in Sendagaya, Shibuya, is a large sports complex thatincludes swimming pools, training rooms, and a large indoor arena.

Tokyo is one of the cities bidding to host the2016 Summer Olympics.

[edit] Tokyo in popular media

As the largest population center in Japan and the location of the country's largestbroadcasters and studios, Tokyo is frequently the setting for many Japanese movies,television shows, animated series (anime), and comic books (manga). In the kaiju

(monster movie) genre, landmarks of Tokyo are routinely destroyed by giant monsterssuch as Godzilla.

Some Hollywood directors have turned to Tokyo as a filming location for movies set inTokyo. Well-known examples from the postwar era includeTokyo Joe,My Geisha, andthe James Bond film You Only Live Twice; well-known contemporary examples include

Kill Bill,The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo DriftandLost in Translation.

[edit] Sister relationships

Tokyo has eleven sister cities/states:[39]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/also_in_the_news/7103255.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry?goku_Kokugikanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakult_Swallowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakult_Swallowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-Jingu_Stadiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomiuri_Giantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomiuri_Giantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Domehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Sumo_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Sumo_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Sumo_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry?goku_Kokugikanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(soccer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(soccer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Verdy_1969http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Verdy_1969http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinomoto_Stadiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch?fu%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch?fu%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_2016_Olympic_bidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_2016_Olympic_bidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaijuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Joehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Joehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Geishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Geishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Only_Live_Twice_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious:_Tokyo_Drifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious:_Tokyo_Drifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_in_Translation_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_twinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-38#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JapanSumoMatch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JapanSumoMatch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/also_in_the_news/7103255.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry?goku_Kokugikanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakult_Swallowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-Jingu_Stadiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomiuri_Giantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Domehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Sumo_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Sumo_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry?goku_Kokugikanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(soccer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Verdy_1969http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajinomoto_Stadiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch?fu%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium%2C_Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_2016_Olympic_bidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaijuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Joehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Geishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Only_Live_Twice_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious:_Tokyo_Drifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_in_Translation_(film)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_twinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo#cite_note-38#cite_note-38


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Beijing,China Berlin, Germany Cairo,Egypt Jakarta, Indonesia Moscow,Russia

New South Wales,Australia

New York City, United States Paris, France Rome,Italy So Paulo State, Brazil

Seoul, Republic of Korea

In addition, Tokyo has "partnership" agreements withLondon,[40]Auckland,[41]Paris,andRome. Many wards and cities within Tokyo also maintain sister-city relationshipswith other foreign cities.
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Documents

Tokyo in English!