Tong Hop Cau Hoi Bao Ve DATN

7/31/2019 Tong Hop Cau Hoi Bao Ve DATN

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Ti liu ny rt qu, l cng sc ca rt nhiu sinh vin mi tng hp c by nhiuy cu hi! Cc bn rng copy v nghin cu, bo m s rt c ch cho bn trongngy bo v n tt nghp! Chc cc bn vui.

1.Xc nh gi ni v gi ngoi khc nhau nh th no ?Gi ni : L gi sinh ra trong lng cng trnh do s chnh lch p lc nhit v p lc

kh ng bc ln mi.Gi ngoi : L gi t bn ngoi tc ng trc tip ln b mt ngoi kt cu momentcho khung lm un ct.

2.Khi tnh ti gi c cn tnh gi ng khng ? (c hai thnh phn gi tnh v ging)Tnh gi ng khi tnh cc cng trnh tr, thp, ng khi, ct in, thit b dng ct,hnh lang bng ti, cc gin gi l thin, cc nhf nhiu tng trn 40m, cc khungnh cng nghip mt tng mt nhp c cao trn 36m t s cao trn nhp lnhn 1,5 (iu 6.11 tiu chun VN 2737 1995)

3.Phng php kim tra thng ng ca nh khi thi cng ?C ba phng php kim traKim tra bng my kinh v, my dc quang hc :My kinh v : Sai s cho php l : 0.8 (mm/m) trong phm vi = 50 gradMy dc quang hc : Sai s cho php l : 0.5 (mm/m) trong phm vi < 100mThc o nghing : Sai s cho php l : 3(mm) < 2 (m)Qu di : Sai s cho php l : 3 (mm), cao t 2-6 (m)

4.u, khuyt im ca sn gch bng & sn panen ?u im :-Tho mn mt phn yu cu cng nghip ho sn xut & c gii ho thi cng, chto, sn xut.-Nng cao c hiu sut lao ng, tng tc thi cng.-Tit kim c vn khun, nng cao cht lng cu kin, ci thin c iu kin

lao ng ca cng nhn.-i vi sn gch bng c th m bo c cng ln v lin kt tt cho sn.Khuyt im :- cng khng bng sn ton khi, cho nn i vi sn panen cn c bin php giac, nht l v tr gip ni.-i vi sn gch bng vn cn qu trnh thi cng t nn vn b hn ch v thitit.

5.Hy nu cch chng nt vng ?Dng ho cht si ka dn kn khe nt, xy tay vng, p ra li nukhng x l c v khng cn kh nng lm vic.

6.Khi no dng sn panen, khi no dng sn ton khi ?

Sn panen c dng cho mt bng c kch thc chun, c iu kin thi cng cgii thng dng trong cc nh cng nghip.Sn ton khi c dng cho cc loi nh c mt bng khng theo mt quy tcnht nh, nh hoc nh c yu cu c bit dng cho nh dn dng.

7.Trong nh lm vic 1 phng v 2 phng, kch thc ct lm vic th no chohp l ?Chn kch thc ch nht, hnh vung, kch thc cnh ln theo phng c momentln nht, hoc an ton ta c th chn ct vung kch thc ly theo moment ln


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nht.8.Ti sao khi tnh ton phi tnh gi theo phng vung gc vi trc nh ?Khi tnh vung gc vi trc nh ti gi s ln nht, nu tnh nghing 1 gc th tigi q phi nhn thm cho cos ( m cos < 1) p lc gi s nh i so vi gi tr lnnht.

9.Khi tnh ton nh cao tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ng bng cch no ?Ch yu l do ti trng ngang gy ra, v a cht cc l khoan phi dy c hn, dliu a cht ca tng h khoan phi y v chi tit hn.V vt liu nn s dng b tng mc cao, ct thp c cng cao.V kt cu : s dng cc kt cu chu lc nh khung vch cng, khung hp, licng nhm gim bt dao ng ca cng trnh.

10.Khung thp cc nhi t n u th : (2/3; 1/5) ?Nu xt n kh nng chu un ca cc th khung thp ca cc ch cn t trong2/3 chiu di trn mi cc v moment un gim dn, n 2/3 thn cc th momentny tt dn. Nh vy vi kt cu ny khung thp ch t 2/3 thn cc trn th .Tuy nhin nu tnh n kh nng chu lc ca b tng trong cc th phn mi ccrt km ly do :-V b tng khng m c-B tng trn ln nhiu cn lng-Cn nhiu dung dch pentonie ng li trong cc.V nhng l do trn m ta a khung thp n tn mi cc ly cng ct thpb sung cho cng b tng v mi cc.11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ?Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu l chu un cho nndm c cu to nh cu kin chu un. Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hocch T ngc. Nu dm ch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnhch T

Thng b tr gn nm trn do :

-iu kin thi cng-iu kin chu lc

12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ?u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn, chiu cao cu to casn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiu tng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hnKhuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp.

13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ?V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoi gin.V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b ph hoi ph hoi do.

14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cng khng ? Ti sao ?

Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng.V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc chn ng), cn tngchn chen trong khung l bao che, khi tnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chulc gi cng nh chn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu ti c xem l vchcng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5tTrong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xtt : Chiu dy ca tm ang xtl : Chiu di ca tm ang xt


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Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n.Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vch cng.

15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khung khng ?C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu ti trng thng ng cnchc nng chu ti trng gi vo dm khung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngang

ca ct khung di tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chulc thng ng.

16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ?L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi tit din ct giatng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phng chu moment.Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F =i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct.

17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cng cu to ? Nhn xtg v vic s dng vch cng ?Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khng thay i c v trvch cng khng m rng c hoc thay i din tch phng.Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nh hng n s chu lcchung ca h thay i c din tch phng.Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi).

18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Gii quyt console nh thno khi gii khung bng my ?S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngay gi & moment ct)Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v moment t ti nt khungca console hoc c th xem console l mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt.(Cch khc)S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n.Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khi gii ni lc bng

my xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra gii ring nh mt cu kin chu un xon viti trng l moment phn b do s n gy ra.

19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ?Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cu kin chu nn un.

20.Cch thi cng sn gch bng ? Khi no nn lm sn nm ?B , y sn, Its gch bng, b st ph sau b tng.Khi cn khng gian th tch phng ln hn nh cng trnh cng cng.11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ?Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu l chu un cho nndm c cu to nh cu kin chu un. Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hocch T ngc. Nu dm ch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnh

ch T

Thng b tr gn nm trn do :-iu kin thi cng-iu kin chu lc

12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ?u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn, chiu cao cu to casn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiu tng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hn


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Khuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp.

13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ?V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoi gin.V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b ph hoi ph hoi do.

14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cng khng ? Ti sao ?Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng.V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc chn ng), cn tngchn chen trong khung l bao che, khi tnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chulc gi cng nh chn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu ti c xem l vchcng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5tTrong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xtt : Chiu dy ca tm ang xtl : Chiu di ca tm ang xt Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n.Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vch cng.

15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khung khng ?C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu ti trng thng ng cnchc nng chu ti trng gi vo dm khung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngangca ct khung di tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chulc thng ng.

16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ?L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi tit din ct giatng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phng chu moment.Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F =i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct.

17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cng cu to ? Nhn xtg v vic s dng vch cng ?Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khng thay i c v trvch cng khng m rng c hoc thay i din tch phng.Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nh hng n s chu lcchung ca h thay i c din tch phng.Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi).

18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Gii quyt console nh thno khi gii khung bng my ?S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngay gi & moment ct)Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v moment t ti nt khungca console hoc c th xem console l mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt.

(Cch khc)S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n.Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khi gii ni lc bngmy xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra gii ring nh mt cu kin chu un xon viti trng l moment phn b do s n gy ra.

19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ?Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cu kin chu nn un.


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38.Ep cc khi no khng cn p tnh ?Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xung quanh.

39.Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khi no phi thit kmng bng theo hai phng ?

Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tiu chun tnh ton, theo trng thi giihn II Bin dng ln.Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tnh ton, kim tra theo trng thigii hn I Cng (Khng cn tnh ln)Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theo hai phng.

40.Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh giao ng bng cch no ?Khi tnh ton ta chn trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton cao Khng kinh t.Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng dao ng do tc ng ngoi.Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ng ln tnh41.Khi tnh mng hp th da vo vn g ?Khi tnh mng hp th da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu m tnh.

42.Cc nhi khc vi cc khoan nhi nh th no ? Cch xc nh sc chu ti cami cc ? Lm sao kim tra cht lng cc nhi v cc khoan nhi ?Cc nhi l cc BTCT c vo mt ng thp bt y t ti ch bng cch ng(p t) v thu li c sau khi b tng.Cc khoan nhi l cc c thi cng bng cch khoan ly t ra sau t lngthp v b tng chim ch t ly ra.- Cc nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca t v vt liu- Cc khoan nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca vt liu. kim tra ta thng s dng :-Thm d ng cht lng cc mng bng phng php ting vng m (di m)-Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php siu m truyn qua-Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php tia Gamma truyn qua (Phng php

ni tri hn cc phng php khc)-Cn mt vi phng php khc nh phng php tr khng c hc

43.Khi chn tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh t thit k cc ?Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (Chiu di cc), cng sut, thit bvn chuyn v ng cc. Ngoi ra chiu di tit din, cng vt liu & ct thpdc c quan h cht ch vi nhau.Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung mng :-Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu cc.-Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht.-Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc.-Xc nh s b kch thc i cc-Xc nh s lng cc (Ti trng k thm t ph trn i v i cc)

-Cu to & tnh ton i cc-Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi < sc chu ti ca cc.-Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t.-Kim tra ln ca mng cc.-Xc nh chi thit k ca cc.-Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lp.

44.Phng php ng cc & ng cc khoan nhi khc nhau nh th no ?ng cc l dng my p hoc ng xung nn t.


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Khoan nhi l khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp & b tng.

45.Th no l nn Winkler ? u v khuyt im ?Nn Winkler gi thit l ti mi im ( mt y) ca dm trn nn n hi, cng ca ti trng (R) t l bc nht vi ln (S) ca nn ( ln ny bng vngca dm s = y) Vy R, C, Y (X) vi C l h s nn.

-Nn Winkler cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b.-M hnh l dy v s l xo lm vic c lp vi nhau.u im :n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gn ng vi thc t cdng nhng nn t yu, rt yu.Nhc im :-Khng phn nh c tnh phn b hay lin h c ca t nn v t c tnh mast trong nn khi chu ti trng cc b th t c th li ko hay gy ra nh hngcc vng ln cn (ngoi phm vi t ti) cng lm vic chung.-Khi nn ng nht th ti trng phn b u lin tc trn dm, th theo m hnh nydm s ln u v khng bin dng, nhng thc ra khi ti trng tc dng phn bu th dm vn b un (vng) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn lnnhiu hn nhng u dm.-Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s ln u theo m hnhny ng sut y mng s phn b u nhng theo o c thc t th ng sut cngphn b khng u.-H s nn C c tnh cht quy c khng r rng, C khng l mt hng s.

46.Hy nu trnh t thi cng cc nhi ? Khi no khng cn kim tra xuyn thng ?nh v tr ng, cao .Chun b my p.Tin hnh nhi b tng.Rt ng lnKhong cch gia hai cc l 3d & 6d; vi d l ng knh ln nht ca cc. Nu btr b hn th biu p lc mt phng mi cc gia cc mi cc chng ln nhauv sc chu ti ca nhm cc s nh hn tng sc chu ti ca mi cc

Neo cc vo i cc :-Chiu su cc ngm trong i 15cm-Thp neo vo i cc : 25cm30 thp chu lc (thp gn)40 thp chu lc (thp trn)Cc cch qu xa vi mp i khng c nh hn 0,7d v 25cm v nh th n sxy ra hin tng xuyn thng i.Khng cn kim tra m thng khi gc gia cc bin (mp ngoi cc) vi cnh ct< 45o hay ni cch khc thp chc thng ph ngoi cc bin

47.Dng cch no kim tra su cc ?Trc khi ng cc ta vch nhng mc thc sn, khi ng nhn vo kim tra.

48.Cc BTCT ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ?Khi ng th ta ng theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi.

49.Khi no cn tnh chi ?Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh (Nu chi thct < chi thit k th cc c kh nng chu c tc dng ca ti trng; Nu chi thc t > chi thit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cc trong mng)Lu : chi thit k v cao trnh thit k


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50.Cc di vch cng & di mng c khc nhau khng ? Mng nh th no cxem l mng tuyt i cng ?Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhauMng c xem l tuyt i cng l khi mng khng hon ton chu un (mngcng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khc l rt nh)Cu 51: Khi no dng lin kt cng, khi no dng lin kt khp ?

Dng lin kt cng khi kt cu l mt h siu tnh.Dng lin kt khp khi kt cu l mt h tnh nh.Cu 52: Dng mng cc gii quyt vn g l ch yu ?Hn ch c bin dng ln c tr s ln, bin dng khng ng u ca nn, mbo n nh khi c ti trng ngang tc dng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng, tit kimc vt liu trong thi cng.

Cu 53: p cc khi no khng cn p tnh ?Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xung quanh.Cu 54: Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khi no phi thitk mng bng theo hai phng ?Xc nh mng trn nn t da vo ti trng tiu chun tnh ton theo trng thigii hn II bin dng ( ln).Xc nh mng trn nn l da vo ti trng tnh ton, kim tra theo trng thigii hn cng (khng cn tnh ln).Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theo hai phng.Cu 55: Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ng bng cch no ?Khi tnh ton ta chon trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton cao ? khng kinh t.Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng giao ng do tc ng ngoi.Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ng ln nht tnh.Cu 56: Khi tnh mng hp da vo vn g ?Khi tnh mng hp da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu m tnh.Cu 57: Khi chon tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh t thit k cc?Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (chiu di cc), cng sut thit b vnchuyn v mng cc. Ngoi ra chiu di tit din, cng vt liu v ct thp dc

c quan h cht ch vi nhau.*Gii thch ti sao:Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung mng.+Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu mng+Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht.+Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc+Xc nh s b kch thc i cc+Xc nh s lng cc (lc ny ti trng phi k thm t ph trn i v i cc)

+Cu to v tnh ton i cc+Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi nh hn sc chu ti ca cc+Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t+Kim tra ln ca mng cc

+Xc nh chi thit k ca cc+Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lpCu 58: Phng php ng cc v cc khoan nhi khc nhau nh th no ?+ng cc: dng my p hoc ng xung nn t+Khoan nhi: khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp v b tng.Cu 59: Dng cch no kim tra su cc ?Trc khi ng cc trn cc ta vch nhng mc thc su, khi ng nhn vo kimtra.Cu 60: Cc ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ?


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Khi ng cc th ta ng cc theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi.Cu 61: Khi no cn tnh chi ?Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh (nu chi thc tnh hn chi thit k th cc c kh nng chu c tc dng ca ti trng).Nu chi thc t ln hn chi thit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cctrong mng.

Cu 62: Lm th no bit cc chu un ?Khi ti trng ngang rt ln.Khi thi cng cc p, ni cc theo phng php hn bn thp ni vi bn thp ch snv nh v bng cc tim ch sn.p lc p chn bng 1,3 ? 2 ln sc chu ti tnh ton ca cc l hp l.Dng ai xon nhm tng cng kh nng chu chn ng khi ng cc, i ny chulc tt nhng thi cng kh.Cu 63: Cc di vch cng v di mng c khc nhau khng ?Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhau.Mng c xem l tuyt i cng: l khi mng hon ton khng chu un ( mngcng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khc l rt nh ).Cu 64: Ti sao b tr ct thp u trong cc ? Ti sao u cc phi t ct ai dy ?B tr thp u trong cc l v khi cu lp c mmen m v dng ? chu c c hai.u cc t ct ai dy nhm tng kh nng chu ti khi ng (ti trng cc b) ?trnh v u cc.Cu 65: Mng bng khi tnh ton nguyn h v chia ra thnh cc phn khc nhau thcch no l hp l v kinh t?Mng bng khi tnh nguyn h th hp l hn v kinh t hn.iu kin b u tha ca mng bng l:+Ngay ti cc khe ln+Ngay ti ct u tin ( do M = 0)+Thi cng c ct mng bng trn mt khi khng b nt.Cu 66: Mng bng v mng n c g khc nhau ? (u, khuyt im, gi thnh, n nh ).Cn c vo h s a cht ( h khoan, tnh cht c l ca t ).

Cn c vo cao qui hoch ca khu v cao thit k ca cng trnh.Cu 67: Hy nu s khc nhau gia mng bng v mng kp ?Mng bng l mng c sn, ti trng phn b trn chiu di sn ( phn lc nn )Mng kp l mng khng c sn, bn chu lc, ti trng tc dng tp trung gingnh mng n.Cu 68: Khi tnh bin dng nn phi chp nhn gi thit g ? ln tnh ton Stt ? [S]?S ? [?S]Cu 69: V tr v dm ging phi b tr nh th no i vi khung bn trn v mngbn di cho hp l ?Dm ging b tr ngay ti mi ni gia ct thp dc ca ct v thp ch ca ct chnsn trong mng, ch ni thp ny c chn ni thun tin cho thi cng c th ngay mt mng hoc c th mt nn nh.

Cu 70: Hy nu s khc nhau gia ln v ln lch ?Ln l bin dng ca nn t khi chu ti trng.Ln lch l s chnh lch bin dng ca nn mng khi chu ti trng.

Ln lch nguy him hn n s gy ph hoi kt cu cng trnh.Cu 71: Lc ct khc vi lc xuyn thng nh th no ?Lc ct l ni lc ca kt cu sinh ra do ng sut tip trong qu trnh chu ti.Xuyn thng l lc dc ( ni lc ) sinh ra do ng sut ko chnh.Cu 72: Cn c vo c s no chn lp t p ? Lp t gia ti ?


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Nu l cc u tin th nh ln ri khoan mi cho qua khi lp sau ng su theo thit k.Nu l cc th th ta p b u cc coi nh n l t v ng tip cho cc hngk.Nu hng no cng vy ( thng 2 ? 3 hng ) phi xem xt tnh ton li.Cu 73: Th no l nn WRINKLER ? u v khuyt im ?

Nn WRINKLER l phng php h s nn gi thit l ti mi im mt y mngca dm trn nn n hi, cng ca ti trng ( R ) t l bc nht vi ln ( ln ny bng vng ca dm s = y ) nh vy R, C, Y, ( X ) vi C l h s nn.+Nn WRINKLER cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b.+M hnh l dy v s l so lm vic c lp vi nhau.-u im:n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gn ng vi thc t c dng nhng nn t yu, rt yu.-Nhc im:Khng phn nh c tnh phn phi hay lin h c ca t nn v t c tnh mast trong nn khi chu trng ti cc b th t c th li ko hay gy ra ln vng lncn ( ngoi phm vi t ti ) cng lm vic chung.+Khi nn t ng nht th trng ti phn b u lin tc trn dm, theo m hnhny dm s ln u v bin dng nhng thc ra khi trng ti tc dng phn b uth dm vn b un ( vng ) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn nh vy sln nhiu hn u dm.+Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s ln u theo m hnhny nh vy ng sut y mong s phn b u nhng theo o c thc t thi ngsut phn b khng u.+H s nn C c tnh cht qui c khng r rng, C khng phi l mt hng s.Cu 74: Ti sao khi mng cc i cao ? Di thp ? Cch kim tra xuyn thng ?Tnh mng cc i cao khi cng trnh nm ni t thp, nhiu nc kh thi cngi, cn phi thi cng nhanh, gp rt mng.Tnh mng cc i thp khi cng trnh nm nhng ni t cao, mc nc ngmsu, tuy nhin vt liu v ti trng nhiu nhng b li th mng cc i thp n nh

hn.+Kim tra xuyn thng:Nu cc nm trong phm vi hnh thp p lm th khng cn kim traNu kim tra th Pct < 0,752.k1.h.b.Cu 75: Khi ng cc gp phi mt lp t hay mt lp no khc m cc khng thvt qua th phi x l nh th no ?Mng n thit k thi cng n gin, gi thnh r nhng ch s dng c cho nhngcng trnh c ti trng nh, nn t tng i tt.Mng bng tnh ton thi cng phc tp hn, gi thnh cao ? n nh hn s dng chonhng cng trnh c ti trng tng i ln, nn t yu.Cu 76: Ti sao khi thit k mng bng thng chn bn mng nm di, dm mngnm trn ?Khi tnh mng bng ta tnh nh dm ch T cho nn i vi trng hp tnh trn m

hnh WRINKLER th ngay chn ct y mng chu ko, ngay gia nhp y mng chunn do ta thit k bn mng nm di ( cnh ch T nm trong vng chu nn) stit kim vt liu hn v tng cng chu nn ca kt cu hn, hp l hn. mng nm trn l do mt trn chu ko m b tng khng tnh cho chu konn v mt cng c gi tr tit nh tit din ch nht ( bxh ) nn b tr nh vyl hp l v mt tnh ton v biu s tit kim c vt liu.+Ch : Khi thit k mng bng m bn mng nm trn, dm mng nm di lda vo biu ni lc ca kt cu, khi ton b kt cu chu ko ? tit din lm vicl


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( bcxli ) khng phi l ( b x h ).+Ch khi gii FEAP-i vi consol : ngi ta a v dng mt lc tp trung v mt m momen ti ngaynt consol ( mc ch gim bt s nt phn t, n gin tnh ton, nhng nu nguyn cng c ).-i vi cc lin kt bin: ti ti nt cc lin kt bin, ch t c theo cc phng

t do, cn cc phng b kho th khng t c.V d: Lin kt bin l ngm ti nt khng t ti P v M c.Lin kt bin l gi c nh th ti nt khng t ti P c nhng M th c.Lin kt bin l gi di ng th ti nt khng t ti P theo phng Y c, nhngtheo phng X v M th c.Cu 77: Thp mng v thp sn l thp chu un hay chu ct ?Thp mng v thp sn l thp chu un .Khong cch 1, trong thc t c khi n < 1 kt cu li nguy himhn, nh lc ta tnh s n nh ca i nc m bo khng b nghing, th khi tnh trng lng i nc trng thi nh hn bnh thng .

Nh cao my tng tr ln th c xem l nh cao my loi I ?Nh cao t 9 tng tr ln th oc xem l nh cao tng loi I.Cu 81 :S kt cu cng l g ?L nhng nh v cng trnh m kt cu ca n c kh nng c bit chu ni lcgy ra bi bin dng ca nn .

Cu 81:Mng cng l g ?Mng tuyt i cng l g ?Mng cng l mng ch chu lc nn (mng hc, mng gch ) mng cng khngxt n kh nng chu ko do un ca vt liu lm mng, gc m ? ca mng cngnh hn hoc bng ?max, tc l t s H/L khng nh hn tr s nu trong qui phmcotg? ? 2 (vi ?=300)-Mng tuyt i cng l mng lm bng b tng hc, gch. Cc loi mng nycu to sao cho khng xut hin ng xut ko trong chnmng lm cho mng b nt,mun vy th phi ly cotg?=H/L.Cu 82 : Chiu di on ct thp chn vo mng di bao nhiu ?


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on ct thp chn vo mng vi cc thanh chn su vo sut chiu cao v chiudi bng 30d (k c on b ngang).on thp khung ni vo thp ch ?30 dCu 83: Ti sao gi l nn n hi ?Tnh dm trn nn n hi ?-Nn n hi : s dng khi cngtrnh t trn t mm, di tc dng ca ti trngcng trnh, nn t c bin dng ln lm cho cng trnh bn trn cng b bin dng

theo, do gy ra cc ng lc trong kt cu ca cng trnh, cc nn t c bindng ln ngi ta gi l nn n hi.-Dm trn nn n hi: dm c t trn nn n hi gi l dm trn nn n hi(mng bng c gi l mng dm ).+Ti sao gi l tnh dm trn nn n hi ?-Tnh ton trng thi ng sut, bin dng ca cng trnh xy dng trong iu kincng lm vic vi nn mm ( ngha l cng bin dng vi nn ) c gi l tnh tondm ( kt cu ) trn nn n hi.+Khi no th tnh dm trn nn n hi ?-Khi kt cu c cng hu hn ngi ta quen gi l kt cu mm ( EJ = 0 ), khinn bin dng kt cu trn nn pht sinh ni lc ( do bin dng ): mng bng-Kt cu mm tuyt i ( EJ = 0 ) khi nn bin dng th kt cu bin dng theo, vvy m trong kt cu khng sinh ni lc.-Kt cu cng tuyt i ( EJ = ?) d nn bin dng th no th kt cu khng bindng g, nhng tht ra c bin dng nh c th b qua c ( nh: tr cu, mngmi, kiu ng khi ).-Khi kim tra iu kin p lc nhm m bo cho vng bin dng do trong nn hibin dng.Pth < RtcPmax ? 1,2.RtcDo c th coi nn l bin dng tuyn tnhv ch khi nn la bin dng tuyn th mixc nh c ng sut trong nn theo cac cng thc ca l thuyt n hi va mitnh c bin dng ca t nn theo cc phng php hin nay.+Cc m hnh nn t:M hinh WRINKLER.

M hnh bn khng gian n hi.M hnh nn mng.M hnh nn tm.M hnh n hi vi hai h s nn.M hnh lp n hi hu hn.+Ti sao tnh dm n hi trn nn WRINKLER ?i vi nhng nn t mm m hnh WRIKLER ph hp, gn ng vi thc t, van gin, va tin dng trong tnh ton thit k.Trong iu kin nc ta nhng vng ng bng sng Hng, sng cu Long tmm cha nhiu nc, mc nc ngm cao: Tnh phn phi t yu do ta chnm hnh nn t l m hnh WRINKLER .Cu 84: Khi no th s tnh ton mng bng l dm lin tc ? l khi kt cu bn trn tuyt i cng ( EJ = ?), nhng iu ny thc t khng

sy ra v kt cu phn trn khng tuyt i cng.Cu 85: Khi chn chiu su chn mng th chon theo iu kin no ?Khi chn chiu su chn mng thng chn bng 1/15 n 1/12 ln chiu cao nginh.

Cu 86: Trong tnh ton nn mng th cc ch tiu no phi ly ch tiu tnh ton ?Cc ch tu nh: ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, e, phi ly ch tiu tnh ton.Cu 87: Ti sao khi thit k nn mng li s dng ti tiu chun ?Khi thit k nn mng ( la chn kch thc ca mng ) l vic kim tra bin dng,


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xc nh theo tnh ton khng c vt qu tr s gii hn do cc qui phm qui nh m bo iu kin bnh thng ca mng.Hin tng vt ti ( khi tnh ti trng tnh ton ), trong s dng thng gy ratrong thi gian ngn nn khng cn k n khi tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn vbin dng m ch dng ti trng tiu chun.Cc nn t cng 1/2 t, 1/2 khi chu ti s t ti trng thi th I, trc khi

sut hin trng thi II. Cc nn t mm ngc li gy ra bin dng rt ln d titrng cn rt nh, i vi iu kin vng chu th sng Hng, vng ng bng sngCu Long t mm ch yu tnh theo trng thi gii hn II l gii hn v bin dng (phn x l a cht chn ? = 0.85 ).Cu 88: Tnh h s nn c my cch ?Tnh h s nn c hai cch:+Cch 1: tin cy, chnh xc l dng th nghim nn.+Cch 2: da vo bng tra.Cu 89: Hy nu trnh t tnh ton mng bng v mng n ?Chn kch thc s b tnh Rtc.Chn kch thc chu ti.Kim tra ?tb, ?max, ?min, < Rtc ( 1.2Rtc ).Tnh v b tr thp.Cu 90: C my s tnh khung ?C hai s xc inh ni lc khi tnh khung:+S n hi.+S bin dng do.Cu 91: C my loi lin kt nt khung ? khuyt im ca n ?Lin kt cng (ngm): cng ca khung cao, bin dng t, mmen un phn b rau n hn gi nt v cc thanh, do cc thanh lm vic hp l hn, lm cnhp ln hn (nu ct lin kt cng vi mng thng l n gin, ph bin nhtmmen ti chn ct ln ? tit din mng ln). Khung ton khi l c cu to vint cng.Lin kt khp: cng ca khung ln, ti trng gy ra mmen ln cho b phn trctip chu tc dng ca n, mmen tp trung vo gia v chn ct, cc tit din

chu ni lc ln, thanh lm vic t hp l ( nu ct lin kt khp vi mng ) th tiy M = 0 mc ch l gim kch thc mng khi gp nn su, tuy nhin lin ktkhp chn ct s lm tng mmen un u ct v nhp x, lm cho cc cu kinb trn nng hn khp chn ct cn c tc dng gim bc siu tnh ca khung, do cng gim c ni lc pht sinh do khng nn u ca gi ta, do co ngt v tbin ca b tng.Ngoi ra cn hiu rng cc lin kt cng vi mng ch l tng i v di tc dngca ti trng t nn s bin dng v lm cho mng b xoay i d ch l rt t, khimng b xoay th mmen chn ct gim xung cn mmen u ct v u x s tngsy ra s phn b ni lc.Cu 92: Trong n ln ca cc mng ly bng my ?i vi mng n: 0.05 ? 0.06 ( cm )i vi mng bng: 0.08?0.1 ( cm )

i vi mng cc: 0.028?0.033 ( cm )Cu 93: Th no gi l cc chng ?Khi kh nng chu lc ca cc ti hn m kh nng chu lc ca t cha ti hn thgi l cc chng, d t mi cc khng phi l t cng.Cu 94: ?max, ?min trong dm v ct l g ?+?min : l hm lng ct thp qu t b ph hoi t ngt ( ph hoi gin ) khi btng b nt th ton b lc ko do ct thp chu, trnh iu cn phi m bo ?> ?min.+?max: l lng ct thp qu nhiu, trng hp ny cn phi trnh v khng vn


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dng kh nng lm vic ca ct thp, v rt nguy him v dm b ph hoi khi bindng cn nh, kh phng. kt cu lm vic hp l m bo khng xy ra ph hoi do th ?min < ? < ?maxtn dng ht kh nng lm vic ca b tng v ct thp.

Cu 95: ?max ca dm khc vi ?max ca ct nh th no ?

?max dm < ?max ct.?max dm = 1.5( % )?max ct =3( % ), c th l =6?8 ( % )Cu 96: Ct thp trong ct ti sao thng i xng ?Mmen trong ct c cng tr s nhng khc nhau.Thun tin thi cng trnh t nhm thp.Hnh dng ct i xngPn v Rn chnh lch nhau khng ln khi tnh ct khng i xng.Cu 97: Hy nu nguyn tc lm vic ca ct xin ?Cu 98: Hy nu nguyn l lm vic ca ct ai ?Cu 99: Hy nu cch t ct thp tit din ch T?Cu 100: Khi no th lin kt gia sn vi dm l ngm ? L khp ?L ngm khi: hs < 1/3 hdL khp khi: hs > 1/3 hdCu 101: Khi no th lin kt gia dm vi ct l ngm ? L khp ?Khi cng n v ca ct ln hn 6 ln cng n v ca dm th xem dm ngmvo ct.Khi cng n v ca dm ln hn 4 ln cng n v ca ct th xem dm k lnct.Cu 102: Khi no lin kt gia ct v mng l ngm ? L khp ?+Lin kt l ngm khi ln ca mng nh.+Lin kt l khp khi mng c ln ln.Cu103: Nt cng l g ?Nt cng l mt khi nim yu cu cc thanh ng qui ti nt.Cu 104: Ngm n hi l g ?

Ngm n hi l lin kt c cng va phi, khi ni lc ln khng cn l ngm.Cu 105: Khi a lc tp trung v lc phn b th ta s dng iu kin g ?C mt lc tp trung a v lc phn b bng cch nhn lc tp trung vi khongcch chu lc ca kt cu .Lc phn b tam gic bng 5/8 tam gic u.Cu 106: Trong cng trnh xy dng mmen do ti trng gi v mmen do ti trngthng ng th mmen no gy ra ln hn ?Tu thuc vo mt bng v chiu cao c th, thng thng nh nh hn 10 tng thmmen do ti trng gi nh.Cc cng trnh cao tng th phi tnh ton c th.Cu 107: Khi cng trnh c tng lng th tng lng c chu ti trng khng ?Khi cng trnh c tng lng th tng lng vn chu ti trng gi bnh thng.Cu 108: Lm th no c c cp ni lc nguy him nht trong t hp ni l ?

Phi xt t hp ti trng:-T hp c bn 1: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + mt hot ti-T hp c bn 2: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + tt c cc hot ti-T hp c bit: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + hot ti c bit.Cu 109: Khi tnh ct th c my cp ni lc kim tra ?Khi tnh ct th c 3 cp ni lc kim tra :+Mmax, Nt+Mmin, Nt+Nmax, Mt


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Ngoi ra cn xt:+Qmax+Mmax, Qt i vi dm.Cu 110: Khi bit M, N kch thc axb hp l khi no ?Nu M nh th nn cu to mng vung ( a = b).Nu M ln nn cu to mng c tit din ch nht.

Mng c thit k hp l khi: ng sut di y mng tng i u, vi mng lchtm th:+Pmin > 0.+Pmax < 1.2Rtc+Pth < RtcCu 111: Khi no th tnh mng cng ?Mng cng c tnh khi t nn tt, n nh, ti trng tc dng ng tm.Mng cng c cu to bng gch, , b tng.

Cu 112: Khi chn tit din ngang ca mng bng cn c vo u ?Chn chiu rng mng bng:-Cn c vo a cht cng trnh ( cng ca t nn )-Ti trng tc dng.-iu kin bin dng ca t nn ( ln ca mng ).Chn chiu cao mng bng:-Ti trng tc dng.-p lc ca t nn.-Kch thc ct.Cu 113: Hy nu cc bc tnh mng bng ?Xc nh ti trng tc dng xung mng.nh gi iu kin a cht thu vn.Chn chiu su chn mng.Xc nh kch thc s b ca mng.Xc nh cng ca t nn.Kim tra ln cho mng.

Xc nh chiu cao mng v kch thc dm mng.Tnh ni lc.Tnh ton ct thp.Tnh ct ai, v ct xin.Kim tra cht lng ct thp.Cu 114: Mng bng l dm trn nn no ?Mng bng l dm trn nn n hi.M hnh tnh ton l m hnh WRINKLER ( m hnh v bin dng cc b ).Mng bng thit k theo phng ngang tt hn theo phng dc v cng theophng ngang ln hn cng theo phng dc.Phn nn mngCu 01: Nu cng dng ca lp b tng lt mng ?B tng lt trc khi b tng mng c cng dng lm sch y b tng mng,

ngn cn s mt nc xi mng ca b tng mng vo t nn.

Cu 02: Nu nguyn nhn gy ln khng u ?Do tnh nn ln ca nn t phn b khng ng u trong mt bng v do a hnhphc tp.Do t b ph v kt cu.Do nc chuyn ng di t.Do ti trng t lch tm v tng phn cng trnh c ti trng khc nhau.


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Cu 03: Nu tc hi ca s ln khng u ?c bit khi c tr s ln rt nguy him cho kt cu siu tnh, gy cn tr cho vic sdng cng trnh v lm mt m quan ca cng trnh.Cc kt cu nh tng, khung, sn mi,...s xut hin cc ni lc b sung c th lmnt hng kt cu.Cu 04: Cng trnh c cn lm ging mng khng ?

Cng trnh phi lm ging mng v ging mng ni cc mng trong cng trnh li vinhau to thnh h khng gian cng. Chu ni lc sinh ra khi c s ln lch ca mng.Ngoi ra cn to lin kt khng gian chng trt, cc mng phn b u ng sutxung mng tng n nh ct.Cu 05: Th no l nn ?Nn l chiu dy cc lp t trc tip chu ti trng ca cng trnh do mngtruyn xung.Cu 06: c im cu to mng hp khi (cch tnh ton ) ?Khi tnh ton cc mng n di ct cc trc gn nhau to thnh mng hp khi.Mng hp khi l mng c chung bn mng v c t 2 ct tr ln. Tnh ton nh bndm c ti trng tc dng l p lc t tc dng ln mng.Cu 07: Khi chn loi nn mng cn c vo nhng yu t no ?c im ca cng trnh.Tr s ca ti trng.Nn v mng cng trnh ln cn.iu kin a cht cng trnh, iu kin a cht thu vn.Cc yu t khc nh chn ng,..

Cu 08: Th no l mng cng, mng mm ?Mng cng l mng khng b un khi chu tc dng ca ti trng. Khi xc nh ngxut tip xc di y mng ta khng k n un ca mng. Gm cc loi mnggch , b tng, mng n b tng di ct, mng bng b tng ct thp ditng.

Mng mm ( mng c cng hu hn ) l mng b un ng k khi chu tc dngca ti trng. S un ny phn b li ng sut tip xc, phi k n nh hng caun gm: mng bng, mng bng giao thoa b tng ct thp di cc dy ct.Cu 09: Bng thng k ct thp lm g ? lp d ton v lp tin thi cng, d ton trc gi thnh cng trnh, cngnhn ct, un thp theo thit k.Cu 10: Nu cc ch tiu xc nh t nn ?Trng lng ring ca t t nhin.Trng lng ring ca ht t. m.Gii hn chy.Gii hn do.H s thm.

Gc ma st trong.Lc dnh n v.H s nn.M un bin dng tng qut.nh gi t theo st.nh gi ct theo rng.Cu 11: Khi tnh ton mng ( cng nh cc cu kin khc ) khi no s dng ti trngtnh ton, khi no s dng ti trng tiu chun ?Khi tnh ton cu kin theo trng thi gii hn 1 ( Kh nng chu lc, sc chu ti, n


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nh ) th ta tnh vi ti trng tnh ton.Khi tnh cu kin theo trng thi gii hn 2 ( bin dng, ln, vng, khe nt ) tatnh vi ti trng tiu chun.

Cu 26: Ti sao tnh vng li dng ti trng tiu chun ?Ti trng tiu chun l ti trng da theo qui phm thit k, theo kch thc hnh

hc v ti trng ca chng loi vt liu l ti trng tng i chnh xc v gy tbin mi lu di nn gy vng (???)Cn ti trng tnh ton c k thm h s tin cy, k n yu t bt li lm tnggi tr ti trng do ti lch vi thit k, sai lch khi thi cng, s tng ti trng tngt. M nhng trng hp khng gy bin dng, t bin m hot ng c khngk n.

Cu 12: Khi thi cng mng cn ch nhng g ?Cn ch tim chun, ct chun.Cu 13: iu kin thi cng xong mt cc ?Chon b tng n su thit k.Th ti m bo sc chu ti khng c khuyt tt.Cu 1: Tc dng ca thp cu to, ct gi ?Gi n nh ct dc chu lc khi b tng, khi chu lc, chu ng sut ct.B rng ca dm rng th n cn gim s phnh, gi n nh cho ct ai.Cu 2 : Tc dng ca thp phn b sn ?Gi n nh cho ct dc, chu lc theo phng kia.Cu 3: ngha ca lp bo v ct thp ?Chng xm thc n mn ct thp, to lc dnh gia b tng v ct thp.Yu cu: Dm h > 250 an = 2 cm.Bn hb < 10 cm an = 1 cm; hb < 1cm an = 1,5 cm.Mng an = 5 ? 7 cmCu 4: ngha ca on neo ct thp ? m bo lc dnh gi b tng v ct thp.Ct thp khng b ko tut dn n b tng v ct thp cng kt hp lm vic.

Cu 5: Khi no tnh ton theo s khp do, s n hi ?Tnh ton theo s khp do: BT mc < 300; A < 0,3; tnh cho nhng cng trnhbnh thng, thng khng c xm thc ct thp.Tnh ton theo s n hi, khng nt i vi nhng cng trnh quan trng.Cu 6: S cc th nn tnh l bao nhiu ?S cc th nn tnh l 1% v = 1 cc.Cu 7: on p b tng u cc l 10d on hn v lentenite l 1m.Cu 8 : Cch xc inh chiu di ct khung mt tng 1?K t nh mng tr ln mc sn.Cu 9: K thut b tng i cc ?Bng bm.Cu 10: b tng bng phng php bm khc phng php th cng ch no ? st th cng 3 ? 4cm; bng bm 10 ? 15 cm.

Cu 11: Ti sao b tng bng phng php bm yu cu st cao hn ? b tng c tnh linh ng hn khi i qua ng ca my bm.Cu 12: Ti sao phi kim tra st b tng trc khi b tng mng ct, mngkhung ? st phn nh do v tnh linh ng ca va b tng, nn b tng c sthp l mi chui qua khong cch ct thp to nn lp bo v v t b r mt(Nhng phi khng ch v lin quan n thi gian ninh kt v cng ca b tng).Cu 13: Chn tit din dm da vo nhng yu t no ?- mnh ca ct nh :


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-Kinh nghim.-Ti trng tc dng.Cu 14: Chn tit din dm da vo nhng yu t no ?Xut pht t iu kin vng cho php.Cu 15: Cch kim tra kt qu chy my ?Tch mt phn t khung v kim tra vi ti trng tc dng.

Kim tra 3 phng trnh cn bng:

Cu 16 : Gii thch cch lp tin thi cng, phng php lp, mc ch v da vou lp c ?Cu 17: Cch iu chnh h s k1, k2 ; da vo u lp c hm s no. iu chnhtin bng cch lp tin thi gian hnh thnh cc qu trnh xy dng.-Nu biu nhn lc, vt liu khng iu ho th ch yu m bo s lng cngnhn khng iu ho, nu thiu th phi iu ho ( ch thay i 10 ? 15%)S cng d / Tng s cng.-Nu iu chnh th nn iu chnh h s k1 v Amax gim i ng thi s cng cnggim i, thay i c li, nhng gim Amax th ko di thi gian thi cng.

-Nu tng Ath th c th rt ngn thi gian, cng v k1 > 1 ko theo k2 = 0.Cch b tr cc trong i l 3,6.d.-Khong cch cc < 3d. Cc cc lm vic gn v gim s ma st gia cc cc vkhong cch mng qui c nh.-Khong cch gia cc cc > 6d cc cc lm vic nh cc n c lp.Cu 18: Khung nh cao tng khc khung nh thp tng cch b tr ct thp.-Yu cu nt khung do ( ct ai nh th no ).-Nt khung do chng nhng chn ng do ng t v dao ng cng trnh.Cu 19: Nguyn tc b tr ct thp trong cc khoan nhi, cng dng ca thp dc vthp ai ?-Thp dc chu un v nn.-Thp ai gi n nh ct dc, cng ct dc to li m khi b tng cho b tngtrong ct ai chu nn tt hn.

-Ti sao ko thp sut cc.V khi tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc ly tr s Pv.Cu 20: Vai tr dy neo ging vn khun ct.(Ch ct bin pha bn kia khng chng mi cn)Cu 22: V cc mt bng kt cu lm g ? xc nh ti trng truyn ln dm khung, xc nh v tr dm khung chu lc camng.

Cu 23: Ct v ni thp trong ct, ct u, khi no c ct ?Ni thp chn ct th thun li cho thi cngn < 4 thanh ni 1 v trn = 5?8 thanh ni 2 v trn>8 thanh ni 3 v tr

a. Khi ct thp chu nn ng tm v lch tm b (e0 < 0,2h0) th c ct ni mt v tr d mt thanh hay bao nhiu thanh.b. Khi ct chu nn lch tm ln (e0 > 0,2h0)th tun theo qui nh trnCu 24: Qui nh din tch s thanh thp c ct , 1/3, 1/2 chiu di dm.1/3ld : Ct = 2 thanh v = 1/3 ln1/4ld : Ct s thanh cn li.Vi mmen dng v tr ct = 1/5ldCu 27: Cng dng ca ct ai trong ct, ti sao on ni thp, ct ai phi dy, cuto ct ai.


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Cng dng: chu lc ct, gi n nh ct ai, chu lc khi thi cng v chu lc khiphn ni ct thp, ct ai t dy.Cu 28: Nu tnh ton khung theo tnh cht i xng th s nh th no?Cc thanh thp dc phn ni c tnh cht gim nn khong cch ct ai dy cnhn ch s n hng ca b tng ct lm tng cng b tng ln.


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Cu 1. Khi chiu cao dm ph bng chiu cao dm chnhth ct treo t u?- Khi ct treo ch l ct cu to v t theo cu to.Cu 2. V sao phi ct un ct thp?- Trong mI on dm ct thp uc tnh ton cho tit din cmomen max. Cng xa tit din ct thp ct thp cn thitcng gim. tit kim vt liu cn ct hoc un chuyn vng

ct thp. V tr ct un xc nh da vo hnh bao monen vkh nng chu lc ca cc tit din dm.Cu 3. Ci g chu lc trong bn?- Trong bn lc ct thng b nn btng kh nng chuct.Cu 4. S tnh ca bn, dm chnh v dm ph: Tisao li c s khc nhau ?- S tnh ca bn v dm ph l s khp do- S tnh ca dm chnh l s n hi.- Dm chnh l kt cu chu lc chnh trn sn, n c xem lb ph hoi khi c s hnh thnh khp do. Do vy phi tnhtheo s n hi, bo m an ton cho kt cu. Cn vi dmph v bn, khi hinh thnh khp do th kt cu vn cn lmvic c , ta tnh theo s khp do tn dng ti a khnng lm vic ca kt cu.Cu 5. V sao cc bn gia c php gim 20% ctthp?- cc bn vng gia ( dalle intermdiaire) lin kt bi bn


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pha l dm nn c s hnh thnh khp do to thnh kt cukhung ba khp lm tng kh nng chu lc ca cc bn gia ( Hiu ng vm ) . Cc bn ngoi, do ch c ba pha ldm, mt pha gI ln tng, coi nh khng c momendo d khng c s hnh thnh khp do- khng c gim

thp.Cu 6. Ad l g ? Ad ph thuc vo g ?- Ad l h s hn ch dm tnh theo s khp do.- Ad ph thuc vo mc bton:+ Nu mc bton # > 300 th Ad = 0,3 tng ng a = 0,37+ Nu mc bton # > 500 th Ad = 0,255 a = 0,3Cu 7. V sao ti cc tit din gi ta ta phI kim traiu kin- V tnh ton theo s khp do, cc khp do d kin xuthin cc gi ta, do tI cc tit ny phi kim tra k trnCu 8. Khi tnh ton thp trong dm chnh ngI ta dnggi tr momen no ? Ti sao?- Khi tnh ton dm chnh ngi ta dng gi tr momen ti mpgi m khng dng gi tr ln nht chnh gia cc gi ta. Ldo : trong thc t s ph hoi xy ra theo tit din mp gich khng phI tit din c momen ln nht chnh gia trcgi.

Cu 9. on ko di ct thp so vI mt ct l thuyt c tcdng g

- TL : khi tnh ton ta ch tnh theo tit din thng gc nn tacn ko di ct thp m bo an ton trn tit din nghing

Cu 10. Tr s trong dm ph ph thuc vo g?

- ph thuc vo t s Pd/Gd

Cu 11.Trong dm nn chn ti a my loi ng knh?

- Nn chn khng qu 3 loi ng knh tin cho thi cng.Cu 12. Ho xc nh nh th no? ti sao?

- Ho ly t tm ct thp chu ko n mp ct thp chunn,th hin chiu cao lm vic ca vt liu.V kh nng chuko ca b tng km nn khi lm vic lp b tng min ko bnt v khng tham gia chu lc,lc ny ch c ct thp minko tham gia chu lc nn Ho c xc nh nh trn


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Cu 13. Ti sao chiu dy lp bo v pha trn dm chnh lily ln hn ca dm ph( thng ly t 5->8cm)?

- Ti v lp ct thp trn cng ca dm chnh phi t di lpthp trn cng ca dm ph(t so le gia 2 lp ct thp ca

dm ph)Cu 14. Ti sao khi ct ct thp ta thng ct ct thp lptrn trc?

-Ti v m bo ho vn ln , c ngha l vn m bokh nng chu lc ca dm.Cu 15. Sau khi ct un thp , lng ct thp i vo gi lbao nhiu?

- Lng ct thp c neo vo gi c din tch khng t hn1/3 ct thp gia nhp.Cu 16. Ti sao c th coi dm chnh l dm lin tc k lnct v tng?

- V trong nh c tng v vch chu ti trng ngang( gi )cc khung ch yu chu ti trng thng ng.Dm chnh k tdo ln cc ct, nu c lin vi ct th cng n v ca dmln hn 4 ln cng n v ca ct.

Cu 17. Ta c th tng kch thc tit din ct ln na ckhng?

- Khng th v nh th cng n v ca dm s < 4 ln cng n v ca ct, v dm s khng chuyn v xoay c,lcny c th xem nh l ngm,khng cn l khp v vy khngphi l dm lin tc.Cu 18. Biu bao vt liu th hin g?

-Th hin kh nng chu lc ca dm.

*Mt s cu hi khc :

1- ct thp no chu mmen m, ct no chu m men dngtrong dm. ( Ch vo bn v tr li )2- Ti sao im ct (bc nhy) trn biu bao m menkhng trng vi im ct thp.3- Lc ct ln nht u ( Trn dm chnh hoc dm ph)4- Ti sao un xin ct thp hay un xin ct thp lm g,c tc dng g vv


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6- Xc nh mt ct ca thp nh th no ?7- Ti sao c bc nhy trn biu bao vt liu8- Ct ai c tc dng g9- Trong sn ct no chu lc10- Ch dm ph k ln dm chnh phi b tr ct treo vi

khong cch lHi : Ti sao li c khong cch ny v tnh n nh th no11- Ct vai b dung d lm g12- ct vai b chu lc ct u13- Ti sao trong bn phi un mc ct thp, c tc dng g14- Ti sao trong dm khng un ct thp ( V dung thp cg, khng phI trn trn )15- Ti sao li tnh theo bn loi dm16- Biu bao VL : bc nhy, on dc (xin).17- Ti sao phi b tr ct treo ( chu ng sut cc b)18- Tnh ct treo nh th no19- Ti sao dm ph, bn tnh theo s khp do, dmchnh tnh theo s n hI20- Ct cu to dng lm g21- Ct ai dng lm d22- on ko di ct thp gia mt ct l thuyt v mt ctthc t tnh nh th no23- Tit din chu m men m v dng trong dm khc nhaunh th no ( m men m thnh theo tit din ch nht, dngtnh theo tit din ch T)24- Tit din sau (trc ) l g

25- Ti sao phn dm chnh pha trn ct khng c ct treo26- Tnh khong cch ct ai nh th no27- Trong dm ci g chu lc ct, ci g chu m men

28- Bn loi dm c th tnh theo bn k 4 cnh c khng.- (qu c v loi dm l trng hp ring ca k 4 knh)29- Qb l g30- khi no phi dng ct xin31- Un ct xin lm g32- tit din chu m men m v dng c khac nhau khng

33- Tit din trc (sau) l g, u34- V s tnh trong dm chnh,dm ph?35-Ti trng tnh ton trong dm chnh,dm ph?36-Ti sao li b tr ct treo?37-Ti v tr b tr ct treo,nu khng dng ct treo th b trthp bng cch no?Cch tnh?38-Ti sao h s k trong biu bao mmen dm ph li ph


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thuc t s p/g?39-Ti sao mmen max nhp bin dm ph li cch gi0.425l ?

40. Ct thp t trn gi trong bn lm g?

41. Hm lng ct thp hp l trong dm ph v dm chnh lbao nhiu?42. Nu cch chn ct thp dm ph?n43. Chiu dy lp bo v trong dm chnh v dm ph chnnh th no?44. Trong biu m men dm ph,m men dng v mmen m trit tiu cch gi bao nhiu?45. on neo ct thp c quy nh nh th no? Ct thpchu m men m v chu m men dng c neo u?

46. cng n v ca dm l g?47. Trong trng hp no ta khng phi tnh ct xin?48. Ct thp gi t lm g? V cu to nh th no? Cchchn ct gi?

49. V vic tnh ton ch chim 40% nn thy gio s hi nhiuv cu to,v d nh thanh thp ny l thp g ? nhim v?cch chn nh th no?

1. Mt s nh ngha- Cc p l cc c h bng nng lng tnh, khng gy nn xunglng ln u cc.- Ti trng thit k l gi tr ti trng do Thit k d tnh tc dng lncc.- Lc p nh nht (Pep)min l lc p do Thit k quy nh m boti trng thit k ln cc, thng thng ly bng 150 - 200% ti trngthit k;- Lc p ln nht (Pep)max l lc p do Thit k quy nh, khng vtqu sc chu ti ca vt liu cc; c tnh ton theo kt qu xuyntnh, khi khng c kt qu ny th thng ly bng 200 - 300% titrng thit k.

2. u nhc im ca phng php thi cng p ccHin nay c nhiu phng php thi cng cc nh ba ng, kch p,khoan nhi... Vic la chn v s dng phng php no ph thuc voa cht cng trnh v v tr cng trnh. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vochiu di cc, my mc thit b phc v thi cng. Mt trong cc phng


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php thi cng cc l p cc bng kch p.u im: m, khng gy ra ting n Khng gy ra chn ng cho cc cng trnh khc Kh nng kim tra cht lng tt hn: tng on cc c p th

di lc p v ta xc nh c sc chu ti ca cc qua lc p cuicng.Nhc im Khng thi cng c cc c sc chu ti ln hoc lp t xu cc phixuyn qua qu dy.

3. Chun b mt bng thi cng- Phi tp kt cc trc ngy p t 1 n 2 ngy (cc c mua t ccnh my sn xut cc)- Khu xp cc phi t ngoi khu vc p cc, ng i van chuyn ccphi bang phng, khng g gh li lm- Cc phi vch sn trc thun tin cho vic s dng my kinh v cnchnh- Cn loi b nhng cc khng cht lng, khng m bo yu cuk thut- Trc khi em cc i p i tr, phi p th nghim 1 2% s lngcc- Phi c y cc bo co kho st a cht cng trnh, kt quxuyn tnh.

4. V tr p cc

- V tr p cc c xc nh ng theo bn v thit k: phi y khong cch, s phn b cc cc trong i mng vi im giao nhaugia cc trc.- cho vic nh v thun li v chnh xc, ta cn phi ly 2 immco nm ngoi kim tra cc trc c th b mt trong qu trnh thicng. Thc t, v tr cc cc c nh du bng cc thanh thp di t20 n 30cm- T cc giao im cc ng tim cc, ta xc nh tm ca mng, t ta xc nh tm cc cc.

5. La chn phng n thi cng p ccVic thi cng p cc ngoi cng trng c nhiu phng n p, sauy l hai phng n p ph bin:5.1. Phng n 1Ni dung: Tin hnh o h mng n cao trnh nh cc, sau mangmy mc, thit b p n v tin hnh p cc n su cn thit.u im : o h mng thun li, khng b cn tr bi cc u cc


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Khng phi p mNhc im : nhng ni c mc nc ngm cao, vic o h mng trc ri mithi cng p cc kh thc hin c Khi thi cng p cc m gp tri ma th nht thit phi c bin php

bm ht nc ra khi h mng Vic di chuyn my mc, thit b thi cng gp nhiu kh khn Vi mt bng thi cng cht hp, xung quanh ang tn ti nhng cngtrnh th vic thi cng theo phng n ny gp nhiu kh khn, i khikhng thc hin c5.2. Phng n 2Ni dung: Tin hnh san phng mt bng tin di chuyn thit b pv vn chuyn sau tin hnh p cc theo yu cu. Nh vy, tc cao trnh nh cc cn phi p m. Cn phi chun b cc on ccdn bng thp hoc bng b tng ct thp cc p c ti chiu suthit k. Sau khi p cc xong ta s tin hnh o t thi cng phni, h ging i ccu im: Vic di chuyn thit b p cc v vn chuyn cc c nhiu thun li kc khi gp tri ma Khng b ph thuc vo mc nc ngm Tc thi cng nhanhNhc im: Phi thm cc on cc dn p m Cng tc o t h mng kh khn, phi o th cng nhiu, thigian thi cng laua v rt kh thi cng c gii ha

5.3. Kt lunCn c vo u nhc im ca 2 phng n trn, cn c vo mt bngcng trnh, phng n o t h mng, ta s chn ra phng n thicng p cc.Tuy nhin, phng n 2, kt hp o h mng dng ao s kt hp cnhiu u im tin thnh thi cng c hiu qu.

6. Cc yu cu k thut i vi on p cc- Ct thp dc ca on cc phi hn vo vnh thp ni theo c 2 bnca thp dc v trn sut chiu cao vnh

- Vnh thp ni phi phng, khng c vnh- B mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau.- Kch thc cc bn m ng vi thit k v phi 4mm- Trc ca on cc c ni trng vi phng nn- Kim tra kch thc ng hn so vi thit k, ng hn ni cc phic trn c 4 mt ca cc. Trn mi mt cc, chiu di ng hn khngnh hn 10cm


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7. Yu cu k thut vi thit b p cc- Lc p danh nh ln nht ca thit b khng nh hn 1,4 ln lc pln nht- Pp max yu cu theo quy nh thit k- Lc nn ca kch phi m bo tc dng dc trc cc khi p nh,

khng gy lc ngang khi p- Chuyn ng ca pittng kch phi u, v khng ch c tc p- ng h o p lc phi tng xng vi khong lc o- Thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh theo ng quynh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng- Gi tr o p lc ln nht ca ng h khng vt qu 2 ln p lc okhi p cc- Ch huy ng t (0,7 0,8) kh nng ti a ca thit b p cc- Trong qu trnh p cc phi lm ch c tc p m bo ccyu cu k thut

8. Tnh ton chn cu phc vCn c vo trng lng bn thn ca cc, ca i trng v cao nngcu cn thit chn cu thi cng p cc- Sc nng Qmax/Qmin- Tm vi Rmax/Rmin- Chiu cao nng: Hmax/Hmin- di cn chnh L- di cn ph- Thi gian- Vn tc quay cn

9. Phng php p cc v chn my p ccp cc thng dng 2 phng php: p nh p cc9.1. p nhLc p c tc dng t nh cc n cc xungu im Ton b lc p do kch thy lc to ra c truyn trc tip ln ucc chuyn thnh hiu qu p. Khi p qua cc lp t c ma st ni

tng i cao nh ct, st do cng... lc p c th thng lc cn doma st h cc xung su d dng.Nhc im Cn phi c hai h khung gi. H khung gi c nh v h khung gi ding, vi chiu cao tng cng ca hai h khung gi ny phi ln hnchiu di mt on cc: nu 1 on cc di 6m th khung gi phi t 7 8m mi c th p c cc. V vy khi thit k cc p, chiu di mton cc phi khng ch bi chiu cao gi p trong khong 6 8m


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9.2. p mLc p c tc dng t hai bn hng cc do chu ma st to nn pcc xungu im Do bin php p t 2 bn hng ca cc, my p khng cn phi c h

khung gi di ng, chiu di on cc p c th di hn.Nhc im p cc t hai bn hng cc thng qua 2 chu ma st do do khi p quacc lp ma st c ni ma st tng i cao nh st, st do cng...lc p hng thng khng th thng c lc cn do ma st tng hcc xung su. Ni chung, phng php ny khng c s dng rng ri bngphng php p nh9.3. Cc b phn ca my p cc (p nh)i trngTrm bm thy lc gm c: ng c in Bm thy lc ngn ko ng tuy- thy lc v gic thy lcDn my p cc: gm c khung dn vi gi xi lanh, khung dn l mtlng thp c hn thnh khung bi cc thanh thp gc v tm thpdy. B dn h 2 u cc c th i t trn xung di. Khung dngn vi ng c ca xi-lanh, khung dn c th ln xung theo trc hnhtrnh ca xi-lanh Dn my c th di chuyn nh ch l bt cc bulngB my p cc gm 2 thanh thp hnh ch I loi ln lin kt vi dn

my ng vi khong cch hai hng cc c th ng ti 1 v tr pc nhiu cc m khng cn phi di chuyn b my. C th p mt lcnhiu cc bng cch ni bulng y dn my sang v tr p cc khc btr trong cng mt hng cc.My p cc cn c lc p P gm 2 kch thu lc mi kch c Pmax = P/2(T)

Hnh 1. My p cc

9.4. Nguyn l lm vicDn my c lp rp vi b my bng 2 cht nh vy c th di chuynp mt s cc khi b my c nh ti mt ch, gim s ln cu itrngng th cc c 2 xilanh nng ln h xung, nng lng thy lctruyn i t trm bm qua xilanh qua ng th cc v qua gi u cctruyn sang cc, vi i trng nng lng s bin thnh lc dc trc p


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cc xung t.9.5. Chn my p ccChn my p cc a cc xung chiu su thit k, cc phi qua cctng a cht khc nhau ty theo iu kin c th ca a cht cngtrnh.

Mun cho cc qua c nhng a tng th lc p cc phi t gitr:Pep K.Pc

Trong : Pep lc p cn thit cc i su vo t nn ti su thit k K h s K > 1; c th ly K = 1,5 2 ph thuc vo loi t v titdin cc Pc tng sc khng tc thi ca nn t, Pc = Pmui + Pmasat Pmui : phn khng mi cc Pmasat : ma st thn ccNh vy, p c cc xung chiu su thit k cn phi c mt lcthng c lc ma st bn ca cc v ph v cu trc ca lp t dimi cc. Lc p bng trng lng bn thn cc v lc p bng thylc. Lc p cc ch yu do kch thy lc to ra.V d: Cc 300 x 300mm Cc c tit din 300x300, chiu di on cc C1=7m; on C2 v C3= 8m Sc chu ti ca cc: Pcoc = PCPT = 79,215T m bo cho cc c p n su thit k, lc p ca my phitha mn iu kin:

Pep min 1,5Pcoc = 1,5 x 79,215 = 108,8T V ch nn s dng 0,8 0,9 kh nng lm vic ti a ca my p cc,cho nn ta chn my p thy lc c lc nn ln nht 120T Vy trng lng i trng mi bn: P Pep/2 = 120/2 =60T, dngmi bn 12 i trng b tng ct thp, trng lng mi khi nng 5T ckch thc 1x1x2m Nhng ch tiu k thut ch yu ca thit b p :+ Chn ng knh piton thy lc du (thng dng 2 piton) :

D=\sqrt{\frac{2P_{ep}}{\pi*P_{dau}}} border=0>+ Ly Pdau = 150 kg/cm2D=\sqrt{\frac{2P_{ep}}{\pi*P_{dau}}=\frac{2.120.10 00}{3,14.150}=22,57cm} border=0>

Chn D=25cm Vi l = 1200mm, l l lch trnh ca piton thy lc


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L lch my phi c cc bn c thm quyn kim tra kim nh ccc trng k thut Lu lng du ca my bm (lt/pht) p lc bm du ln nht (kg/cm2) Hnh trnh pittng ca kch (cm)

Din tch y pittng ca kch (cm2) Phiu kim nh ng h o p lc du v cc van chu lc do c quanc thm quyn cp9.6. Tnh s my p cc cho cng trnhT s lng cc cn p v nh mc ca my (theo M 24-2005), ta tnhra s ca my cn thit cho vic thi cng cng trnh. Nu s ca my quln, ta c th chn tng s my p ln: 2 my, hoc 3 my...V d: tit din cc 250 x 250mm, tng s chiu di cc p 5000m, tranh mc tit din cc 25x25cm v my p < 150T, nh mc l3,05ca/100m ccVy, s my cn thit :

Vy, nu thi cng ton b s cc trn cn t nht 5 thng. Nu ta dng2 my p cc th thi gian thi cng s gim xung 1/2. V s ngy cngcho 2 my: 77 ngy, sau khi c s ngy, s my th ta s thit k cs p cc chnh thc.9.7. Tnh ton chn cu phc v p cc10. Tin hnh p cc10.1. Chun b mt bng thi cng v ccVic b tr mt bng thi cng p cc nh hng trc tip n tin thicng nhanh hay chm ca cng trnh. Vic b tr mt bng thi cng phi

hp l cc cng vic khng b chng cho, cn tr ln nhau, gip ynhanh tin thi cng, rt ngn thi gian thc hin cng trnh.Cc phi c b tr trn mt bng sao cho thun li cho vic thi cngm vn khng cn tr my mc thi cngV tr cc cc phi c nh du sn trn mt bng bng cc ct mcchc chn, d nhn.Cc phi c vch sn cc ng trc s dng my ngm kinh v10.1.1. Gic i cc trn mt bng Ngi thi cng phi kt hp vi ngi lm cng tc o c. Trn bnv tng mt bng thi cng phi xc nh y v tr ca tng hng

mc cng trnh, ghi r cch xc nh li to , da vo cc mcchun c sn hay da vo mc quc gia, chuyn mc vo a im xydng Thc hin cc bin php nh du trc mng, ch n mi dctaluy ca h mng10.1.2. Gic cc trong mng Gic mng xong, ta xc nh c v tr ca i, ta tin hnh xc nhv tr cc trong i


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phn mng trn mt bng, ta xc nh c tim i nh ccim chun. Cc im ny c nh du bng cc mc Cng dy trn cc mc, ly thng bng, sau t tim o ra cckhong cch xc nh v tr tim cc theo thit k Xc nh tim cc bng phng php th cng, dng qu di th t cc

giao im trn dy xc nh tim cc xc nh tim cc thc dit, nh du cc v tr ny10.2. Cng tc chun b p ccCc p sau nn thi im bt u p cc tu thuc vo s tho thungia thit k ch cng trnh v ngi thi cng p ccVn chuyn v lp rp thit b p cc vo v tr p m bo an tonChnh my cc ng trc ca khung my, ng trc kch v ngtrcj ca cc ng thng v nm trong mt mt phng, mt phng nyphi vung gc vi t phng chun nm ngang (mt phng chun imng). nghing ca n khng qu 5%Kim tra 2 mc cu ca dn my tht cn thn kim tra 2 cht nganglin kt dm my v lp dn ln b my bng 2 myKhi cu i trng, dn phi c k tht phng, khng nghing lch,kim tra cc cht vt tht an ton. Ln lt cu cc i trng ln dm khung sao cho mt phng chatrng tm 2 i trng trng vi trng tm ng th cc. Trong trnghp i trng t ngoi dm th phi k chc chn Dng cu t hnh cu trm bm n gn dn my, ni cc gic thulc vo gic trm bm, bt u cho my hot ngChy th my p kim tra n nh ca thit b (chy khng ti vc ti)

Kim tra cc v vn chuyn cc vo v tr cc trc khi p10.2.1. Kim tra cc chi tit ni cc v my hn Trc khi p cc i tr, phi tin hnh p lm th nghim nn tnhcc ti nhng im c iu kin a cht tiu biu nhm la chn ngn loi cc, thit b thi cng v iu chnh n thit k, s lng cnkim tra vi th nghim nn tnh l 1% tng s cc p nhng khng thn 3 cc.10.2.2. Chun b ti liu Phi kim tra loi b cc cc khng t yu cu k thut Phi c y cc bn bo co kho st a cht cng trnh, biu

xuyn tnh, bn cc cng trnh ngm. C bn v mt bng b tr li cc trong khi thi cng C phiu kim nghim cp phi, tnh cht c l ca thp v b tngcc Bin bn kim tra cc H s thit b s dng p cc10.3. Lp on cc u tin10.3.1. Chun b


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on cc u tin phi c lp chnh xc, phi cn chnh trc caC1 trng vi ng trc ca kch v i qua im nh v cc sai lchkhng qu 1cm u trn ca cc c gn vo thanh nh hng ca khung my Nu on cc C1 b nghing s dn n hu qu ca ton b cc b

nghing10.3.2. Tin hnh thi cng p cc Khi y kch (hoc nh pittong) tip xc vi nh cc th iu chnhvan tng dn p lc, nhng giy u tin p lc du tng dn u,on cc C1 cm su dn vo t vi vn tc xuyn 1m/s. Trong qu trnh p dng 2 my kinh v t vung gc vi nhau kim tra thng ng ca cc lc xuyn xung. Nu xc nh ccnghing th dng li iu chnh ngay. Khi u cc C1 cch mt t 0,3 0,5m th tin hnh lp on ccC2, kim tra v mt 2 u cc C2 sa cha sao cho tht phng. Kim tra cc chi tit ni cc v my hn. Lp on cc C2 vo v tr p, cn chnh ng trc cc C2 trngvi trc kch v trc on cc C1, nghing 1% Tc ng ln cc C2 1 lc to tip xc sao cho p lc mt tip xckhong 3 4kg/cm2 ri mi tin hnh ni 2 on cc theo thit k Lm tng t vi cc on cc sau10.3.3. Thao tc p mTrong qu trnh p cc, khi p cc ti on cui cng, ta phi c binphp a u cc xung mt ct m no so vi ct t nhin. C thdng 2 phng phpPhng php 1: Dng cc ph

Dng mt cc BTCT ph c chi di ln hn chiu cao t nh c trongi n mt t t nhin mt on (1 1,5m) p h u cc xungcao trnh ct m cn thit. Thao tc: Khi p ti on cui cng, ta hn ni tip mt on cc phdi 2,5m ln u cc, nh du ln thn cc ph chiu su cn pxung khi p cc u cc s tng i u nhau, khng xy ra tnhtrng nhp nh khng bng nhau, gip thi cng p u cc v lin ktvi i thun li hn. xc nh su ny cn dng my kinh v tln mt trn ca dm thp ch I xc nh cao trnh thc t ca dmthp vi ct 0,00, tnh ton xc nh c chiu su cn p v

nh du ln thn cc ph (chiu su ny thay i theo tng v tr mtt ca i m ta t dm thp ca my p cc). Tin hnh thi cngcc ph nhn cc chnh ti chiu su vch sn trn thn cc ph u im: khng phi dng cc p m nhng phi ch to th s mtdi cc BTCT lm cc dn, thi cng xong s p i gy tn km, hiuqu kinh t khng cao.Phng php 2: Phng php p m Phng php ny dng mt on cc dn p cc xung ct m


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thit k sau li rt cc dn ln p cho cc khc, cu to cc p mdo cn b thi cng thit k v ch to. Cc p m c th l bng BTCT hoc thp V hnh trnh ca pitng my p ch p c cch mt t t nhinkhong 0,6 0,7m, do vy chiu di cc c ly t cao trnh nh cc

trong i n mt t t nhin cng thm mt on 0,7m l hnh trnhpitng nh trn, c th ly ra thm 0,5m na gip thao tc p d dnghn. u im: Khng phi dng cc ph BTCT, hiu qu kinh t cao hn,cc dn lc ny tr thnh cc cng c trong vic h cc xung ct mthit k. Nhc im: thao tc vi cc dn phi thn trng trnh lm nghingu cc chnh v cc dn ch lin kt khp tm thi vi u cc chnh(chp m u cc ln u cc). Vic thi cng nhng cng trnh c tnghm, su y i ln hn thi cng dn kh hn, khi p xong rt ccln kh khn hn, nhiu trng hp cc p chnh b nghing.10.4. Kt thc cng vic p ccCc c coi l p xong khi tho mn 2 iu kin:di cc p vo t nn trong khong Lmin Lc Chiu LmaxTrong : Lmin , Lmax l chiu di ngn nht v di nht ca cc c thit kd bo theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t trong khu vc Lc l chiu di cc h vo trong t so vi ct thit k;Lc p trc khi dng trong khong (Pep)KT (Pep) min (Pep)maxTrong : (Pep) min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh;

(Pep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh; (Pep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny c duy trvi vn tc xuyn khng qu 1cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba lnng knh ( hoc cnh) cc.Trng hp khng t 2 iu kin trn ngi thi cng phi bo cho chcng trnh v thit k s l kp thi khi cn thit, lm kho st tb sung, lm th nghim kim tra c c s l lun s l.10.5. Cc im cn ch trong thi gian p ccVic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng mtchiu di cc cho ti khi t ti (Pep)min, bt u t su ny nn ghi

cho tng 20cm cho ti khi kt thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca Tvn, Thit k.Ghi chp lc p u tin khi mi cc cm su vo lng t t 0,3 0,5m th ghi ch s lc p u tin sau c mi ln cc xuyn c1m th ghi ch s lc p ti thi im vo nht l p ccNu thy ng h o p lc tng ln hoc gim xung 1 cch t ngtth phi ghi vo nht k p cc s thay i .


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1.Xc nh gi ni v gi ngoi khc nhau nh th no ?Gi ni : L gi sinh ra trong lng cng trnh do s chnh lchp lc nhit v p lc kh ng bc ln mi.Gi ngoi : L gi t bn ngoi tc ng trc tip ln b mt

ngoi kt cu moment cho khung lm un ct.

2.Khi tnh ti gi c cn tnh gi ng khng ? (c hai thnhphn gi tnh v gi ng)Tnh gi ng khi tnh cc cng trnh tr, thp, ng khi, ctin, thit b dng ct, hnh lang bng ti, cc gin gi l thin,cc nhf nhiu tng trn 40m, cc khung nh cng nghip mttng mt nhp c cao trn 36m t s cao trn nhp ln hn1,5 (iu 6.11 tiu chun VN 2737 1995)

3.Phng php kim tra thng ng ca nh khi thi cng ?C ba phng php kim traKim tra bng my kinh v, my dc quang hc :My kinh v : Sai s cho php l : 0.8 (mm/m) trong phm vi =50 gradMy dc quang hc : Sai s cho php l : 0.5 (mm/m) trongphm vi < 100mThc o nghing : Sai s cho php l : 3(mm) < 2 (m)Qu di : Sai s cho php l : 3 (mm), cao t 2-6 (m)

4.u, khuyt im ca sn gch bng & sn panen ?

u im :-Tho mn mt phn yu cu cng nghip ho sn xut & c giiho thi cng, ch to, sn xut.-Nng cao c hiu sut lao ng, tng tc thi cng.-Tit kim c vn khun, nng cao cht lng cu kin, cithin c iu kin lao ng ca cng nhn.-i vi sn gch bng c th m bo c cng ln v linkt tt cho sn.Khuyt im :- cng khng bng sn ton khi, cho nn i vi sn panen

cn c bin php gia c, nht l v tr gip ni.-i vi sn gch bng vn cn qu trnh thi cng t nn vn bhn ch v thi tit.

5.Hy nu cch chng nt vng ?Dng ho cht si ka dn kn khe nt, xy tay vng,p ra li nu khng x l c v khng cn kh nng lmvic.


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6.Khi no dng sn panen, khi no dng sn ton khi ?Sn panen c dng cho mt bng c kch thc chun, ciu kin thi cng c gii thng dng trong cc nh cngnghip.

Sn ton khi c dng cho cc loi nh c mt bng khngtheo mt quy tc nht nh, nh hoc nh c yu cu c bitdng cho nh dn dng.

7.Trong nh lm vic 1 phng v 2 phng, kch thc ct lmvic th no cho hp l ?Chn kch thc ch nht, hnh vung, kch thc cnh ln theophng c moment ln nht, hoc an ton ta c th chn ctvung kch thc ly theo moment ln nht.8.Ti sao khi tnh ton phi tnh gi theo phng vung gc vitrc nh ?Khi tnh vung gc vi trc nh ti gi s ln nht, nu tnhnghing 1 gc th ti gi q phi nhn thm cho cos ( m cos < 1)p lc gi s nh i so vi gi tr ln nht.

9.Khi tnh ton nh cao tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ngbng cch no ?Ch yu l do ti trng ngang gy ra, v a cht cc l khoanphi dy c hn, d liu a cht ca tng h khoan phi y v chi tit hn.V vt liu nn s dng b tng mc cao, ct thp c cng

cao.V kt cu : s dng cc kt cu chu lc nh khung vch cng,khung hp, li cng nhm gim bt dao ng ca cng trnh.

10.Khung thp cc nhi t n u th : (2/3; 1/5) ?Nu xt n kh nng chu un ca cc th khung thp ca ccch cn t trong 2/3 chiu di trn mi cc v moment un gimdn, n 2/3 thn cc th moment ny tt dn. Nh vy vi ktcu ny khung thp ch t 2/3 thn cc trn th .Tuy nhin nu tnh n kh nng chu lc ca b tng trong cc

th phn mi cc rt km ly do :-V b tng khng m c-B tng trn ln nhiu cn lng-Cn nhiu dung dch pentonie ng li trong cc.V nhng l do trn m ta a khung thp n tn mi cc ly cng ct thp b sung cho cng b tng v mi cc.


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11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ?Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu lchu un cho nn dm c cu to nh cu kin chu un.Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hoc ch T ngc. Nu dmch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnh ch T

Thng b tr gn nm trn do :-iu kin thi cng-iu kin chu lc

12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ?u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn,chiu cao cu to ca sn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiutng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hnKhuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp.

13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ?V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoigin.V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b phhoi ph hoi do.

14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cngkhng ? Ti sao ?Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng.V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc

chn ng), cn tng chn chen trong khung l bao che, khitnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chu lc gi cng nhchn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu tic xem l vch cng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5tTrong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xtt : Chiu dy ca tm ang xtl : Chiu di ca tm ang xt Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vimt phng ca n.

Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vchcng.

15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khungkhng ?C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu titrng thng ng cn chc nng chu ti trng gi vo dmkhung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngang ca ct khung di


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tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chulc thng ng.

16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ?L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi

tit din ct gia tng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phngchu moment.Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F =i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct.

17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cngcu to ? Nhn xt g v vic s dng vch cng ?Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khngthay i c v tr vch cng khng m rng c hoc thay idin tch phng.Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nhhng n s chu lc chung ca h thay i c din tchphng.Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi).

18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Giiquyt console nh th no khi gii khung bng my ?S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngaygi & moment ct)Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v

moment t ti nt khung ca console hoc c th xem consolel mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt.(Cch khc)S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n.Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khigii ni lc bng my xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra giiring nh mt cu kin chu un xon vi ti trng l momentphn b do s n gy ra.

19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ?

Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cukin chu nn un.

20.Cch thi cng sn gch bng ? Khi no nn lm sn nm ?B , y sn, Its gch bng, b st ph sau b tng.Khi cn khng gian th tch phng ln hn nh cng trnh cngcng.


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21.Ti sao phi phn khi tnh h nc ?Nhm tnh ton phn ti trng truyn ln thnh (p lc gy ratrn thnh h) phn ti trng truyn thng xung y (Nu phn l a v mt phng tnh cho an ton v n gin).

22.Nh 15 tng c nn lm vch cng khng ? Ti sao ?Nh 15 tng nn lm vch cng, nu lm khung th khng c libng vch cng (Tit din khung rt ln) gim din tch s dng,c chuyn v ln.V vch cng l vch chu ti trng, khung cng cng l khungchu ti trng. Lin kt gia chiu ngh v vch cng l lin ktkhp.Vch cng thng c s dng cho cc cng trnh c chiucao 20 tng. Nh cao 15 tng lm vch cng vn c, n sdng lm vch bung thang my.

23.Khong cch khe ln quy phm l bao nhiu ?Khong cch khe ln quy phm l > 24 (m).

24.Hy nu l do thay i kch thc ct ?L nhm mc ch tit kim vt liu, tit din hp l vi titrng.

25.C th thay i mc b tng m vn gi nguyn kch thcct c khng ?Trn l thuyt th c th nhng thc t th phi tnh ton li,

thay i mc trong cng mt kt cu th thi cng phc tp.

26.Khi xc nh tim ct trn cao th ta phi lm g ?Khi xc nh tim ct trn cao th ta dng my, dy di &thc.

27.Khi tnh gi nu mt n gi so le th c nn xem l phngc khng ?Ta nn xem l phng v ta ch quan tm n mt cn gi vi plc gi c vung gc hay khng.

28.Khi thay i tit din dm, nu tnh theo trc ca dm chnh(ln) th dm no khng an ton ?Dm nh, console.

29.Khi lin kt gia mng & kt cu bn trn th ta dng lin ktg ? V sao ?Khi lin kt gia mng & kt cu bn trn th ta dng lin kt


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ngm l lin kt ti mng (Chn c ct).

30.Hy cho bit s khc nhau gia khung cng v vch cng ?Phng php tnh khung v vch cng ? Quan nim tnh ? Tisao chn phng php khanzi ?

Khung l mt h dm ct chu ni lc do ti trng cng trnh vti gi gy raVch cng l vch chu ni lc do ti trng gy ra.Phng php chuyn v : phng php tnh bng my.Phng php lc.Tnh theo s n hi (trng thi 1).Chn phng php khanzi v tnh ton n gin, n c kh nngloi b c nhng sai lm trong tnh ton (Thc hin php lp)N l phng php chuyn v31.Lm sao nhn bit c tit din c kh nng chu lc haykhng ? Khi gii bng my ? (Phn mm Steel)Khi tnh ton bng my ra thp nu c :-Du (*) t thp theo cu to-Du (!) Lng thp qu ln ( > 3%)-Du (!!) Phn t khng n nh Ta phi chn li tit din.

32.Ti sao ch giao nhau gia dm dc v dm ngang khng giacng thp ? Ti sao phi t ai dy ?V ch giao nhau gia dm dc & dm ngang chu lc cc b lndo dm ph truyn vo dm chnh. trnh s ph hoi ca btng t gc di y dm ph tr xung theo tit din nghing,

ta thng s dng ct treo hoc c th t ct ai dy 2 bndm ph. Nu ct ai c kh nng chu lc ct do ti trngdm ph truyn vo th ta khng cn t ct treo.t ai dy v trnh ph hoi theo tit din nghing (Hay cngi l chng ct).ai gia cng t gi n lc tp trung u tin t trongkhong

33.Hy nu phng php tnh cu thang ?Khi tnh cu thang tnh theo dm n gin (Hai u khp).

Quan nim tnh theo s n hi (Phng php tnh cu thangtheo kt cu h tnh nh). Ni lc ln.H siu tnh tnh theo s do B tr ni lc s khc.

34.Nu cc loi khe bin dng trong cng trnh & s lm vic can ?C hai loi khe l khe nhit & khe ln.Khe nhit : S chnh lch nhit ca cc kt cu cng cao


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th ni lc pht sinh cng ln. trnh s pht sinh ni lc donhit gy nn ta phi lm khe nhit . Khe nhit tch ricng trnh t mi n g mng, b rng khe t 2-3 cm; khongcch gia cc khe > 35m.Khe ln :

-Cng trnh qu di, ti trng cng trnh phn b tng i khcnhau, chnh lch v chiu cao > 10m.-Gii php mng trong mt cng trnh buc phi chn khc nhauv tnh cht ca t nn thay i qu nhiu hoc t nn chu tikhng u.-V tr tip gip gia nh c v nh mi Khe cu to. Tch ringcng trnh t mng n mi thnh cc phn ring bit; B rngkhe ln t 2-3 cm, khe ln thng nm ch tip gip ca haingi nh c s tng khc nhau, nhng ch c s thay i r rtv a tng.

35.Khi no dng lin kt cng ? khi no dng lin kt khp ?Dng lin kt cng khi kt cu l mt h siu tnh.Dng lin kt khp khi kt cu l mt h tnh nh.

36.Ti sao dng cc nhi m khng dng cc p ?V cc nhi s dng c tt cho cng trnh chu ti trng lnng thi s dng tt cho cng trnh c nn t yu.

37.Dng mng cc gii quyt vn g ch yu ?Hn ch c bin dng ln c tr s ln, bin dng khng ng

u ca t nn, m bo n nh khi c ti trng ngang tcdng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng, gim bt vt liu xy dng.

38.Ep cc khi no khng cn p tnh ?Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xungquanh.

39.Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khino phi thit k mng bng theo hai phng ?Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tiu chun tnh ton,

theo trng thi gii hn II Bin dng ln.Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tnh ton, kimtra theo trng thi gii hn I Cng (Khng cn tnh ln)Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theohai phng.

40.Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh giao ng bng cchno ?


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Khi tnh ton ta chn trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton caoKhng kinh t.Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng dao ng do tc ng ngoi.Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ngln tnh.

41.Khi tnh mng hp th da vo vn g ?Khi tnh mng hp th da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu mtnh.

42.Cc nhi khc vi cc khoan nhi nh th no ? Cch xc nhsc chu ti ca mi cc ? Lm sao kim tra cht lng ccnhi v cc khoan nhi ?Cc nhi l cc BTCT c vo mt ng thp bt y t tich bng cch ng (p t) v thu li c sau khi b tng.Cc khoan nhi l cc c thi cng bng cch khoan ly t rasau t lng thp v b tng chim ch t ly ra.- Cc nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca t vvt liu- Cc khoan nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng cavt liu. kim tra ta thng s dng :-Thm d ng cht lng cc mng bng phng php tingvng m (di m)-Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php siu m truyn qua-Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php tia Gamma truynqua (Phng php ni tri hn cc phng php khc)

-Cn mt vi phng php khc nh phng php tr khng chc

43.Khi chn tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh tthit k cc ?Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (Chiu di cc),cng sut, thit b vn chuyn v ng cc. Ngoi ra chiu ditit din, cng vt liu & ct thp dc c quan h cht chvi nhau.Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung

mng :-Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu cc.-Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht.-Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc.-Xc nh s b kch thc i cc-Xc nh s lng cc (Ti trng k thm t ph trn i vi cc)-Cu to & tnh ton i cc


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-Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi < sc chu ti ca cc.-Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t.-Kim tra ln ca mng cc.-Xc nh chi thit k ca cc.-Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lp.

44.Phng php ng cc & ng cc khoan nhi khc nhau nhth no ?ng cc l dng my p hoc ng xung nn t.Khoan nhi l khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp & b tng.

45.Th no l nn Winkler ? u v khuyt im ?Nn Winkler gi thit l ti mi im ( mt y) ca dm trnnn n hi, cng ca ti trng (R) t l bc nht vi ln(S) ca nn ( ln ny bng vng ca dm s = y) Vy R, C, Y(X) vi C l h s nn.-Nn Winkler cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b.-M hnh l dy v s l xo lm vic c lp vi nhau.u im :n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gnng vi thc t c dng nhng nn t yu, rt yu.Nhc im :-Khng phn nh c tnh phn b hay lin h c ca tnn v t c tnh ma st trong nn khi chu ti trng cc b tht c th li ko hay gy ra nh hng cc vng ln cn (ngoiphm vi t ti) cng lm vic chung.

-Khi nn ng nht th ti trng phn b u lin tc trn dm,th theo m hnh ny dm s ln u v khng bin dng, nhngthc ra khi ti trng tc dng phn b u th dm vn b un(vng) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn ln nhiuhn nhng u dm.-Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s lnu theo m hnh ny ng sut y mng s phn b u nhngtheo o c thc t th ng sut cng phn b khng u.-H s nn C c tnh cht quy c khng r rng, C khng l mthng s.

46.Hy nu trnh t thi cng cc nhi ? Khi no khng cn kimtra xuyn thng ?nh v tr ng, cao .Chun b my p.Tin hnh nhi b tng.Rt ng lnKhong cch gia hai cc l 3d & 6d; vi d l ng knh ln


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nht ca cc. Nu b tr b hn th biu p lc mt phngmi cc gia cc mi cc chng ln nhau v sc chu ti canhm cc s nh hn tng sc chu ti ca mi ccNeo cc vo i cc :-Chiu su cc ngm trong i 15cm

-Thp neo vo i cc : 25cm30 thp chu lc (thp gn)40 thp chu lc (thp trn)Cc cch qu xa vi mp i khng c nh hn 0,7d v 25cmv nh th n s xy ra hin tng xuyn thng i.Khng cn kim tra m thng khi gc gia cc bin (mpngoi cc) vi cnh ct < 45o hay ni cch khc thp chc thngph ngoi cc bin

47.Dng cch no kim tra su cc ?Trc khi ng cc ta vch nhng mc thc sn, khi ngnhn vo kim tra.

48.Cc BTCT ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ?Khi ng th ta ng theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi.

49.Khi no cn tnh chi ?Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cngtrnh (Nu chi thc t < chi thit k th cc c kh nngchu c tc dng ca ti trng; Nu chi thc t > chithit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cc trong mng)

Lu : chi thit k v cao trnh thit k

50.Cc di vch cng & di mng c khc nhau khng ? Mngnh th no c xem l mng tuyt i cng ?Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhauMng c xem l tuyt i cng l khi mng khng hon tonchu un (mng cng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khcl rt nh)

CU HI BO V N TT NGHIP

1. Nguyn tc b tr cn trc thp ?+vi xa nht v cc pha.+khong cch an ton.2. B tr gi trong i nh th no di chuyn t ?tu

tng cng trnh3. Trng hp cht ti Mmax gia nhp dm ? cht lch

nhp


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4. Chn lc p cc khi thi cng ?+ [ P ] =MAX [P , Pvl ] , m bo (1.5 2 ) Pdk.+ Hin nay c my p c (100 120 ) tn . Chn gi pQ gi s di chuyn.

5. C s tch ra khung phng tnh ?+ Khi A>2B , cng theo phng dc ln hn .+ Mt bng hnh ch nht .+ Ti trng tc dng .+ S bc ct , cng .

6. Chn lc p khi thi cng ? tu a cht cng trnh7. Chng minh kt qu chy trn SAP90 l ng ?

+ Kim tra qua file d liu .+ Kim tra ti trng tc dng .+ Kim tra biu m men .+ Kim tra cc nt .cn bng lcl

8. t o i u ? Phng n trong cng tc t ? tuphng n thi cng

9. Ti sao dng gio thp ? tu phng n10. Tc dng ca ct ai trong ct ?

+ n nh thanh dc khi chu lc ,n nh khi thicng.+ Chng co ngt BT .+ Chu lc ct .

+ Gim chiu di tnh ton ca thanh ct thp .11. Thp trong i t trn hay di ?

Cao trnh ngm phi o , khng phi xy .12. Ct t nhin v ct 0.00 c trng nhau hay khng ? tu13. t gi cho cc gc ? Tnh t mp dm di v

NNN ln .14. Mch dng b tng sau khi hon thin phn ngm ?

Mch dng t cao hn mt t t nhin 20 30 CM .15. Bin php b tng nt ?

16. Bin php p u cc khi bjkfjfjfjfBT ?17. Gii php cu to b khi thi cng khng gay ntb ? B c my y ?

18. Ct thp cn t ti mi cc khng ?19. Gi thnh dy hay mng ? th no tt hn ?


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20. Phn bit nt khung nh thp tng vi nh cao tng ? nh cao tng , ct thp nt t nhiu hn v cneo ct thp .

21. S tnh ton ca 1 dm trong hkgjjkgkj dm trc

giao ?22. S lm vic khc nhau ca hai gc cu thang ? ko,nn

23. H s nhm cc ? (Sch gio khoa Nn & Mng ) .24. Phn chia khu vc thi cng ? Thi gian tho vn khun

cho dm ? -- Tho vn khun cn c vo nhp dm :

+ nhp > 8 m : t 100%+ nhp < 8 m : t 75%

-- Thi gian tho vn khun , ct chng khng ph

thuc vo mc BT m ph thuc vo loiXM , tnh cht kt cu , mi trng .

25. Dm trc giao lm vic nh dm lin tc nhng tnh tonnh l dm n gin ?

26. Ch g khi thi cng mng li (lng thang my ) vmng ct ?

27. Ch ra 1 cc p th ?28. Tnh ct thp cho li khi c ni lc ? (khi c M th suy

ra N v c cnh tay n ) .29. Tm cng tng ng ca khung? (Quy v thanhcng sn , cho ti = 1tc dng theo phngngang vo u thanh \ tm ra cng tng ng ).

30. Chuyn v ca vch ? (Ct chim u th i vi vch .Khung un chim u th ).

31. Gii thch khng cch ct ai trn chiu di cc ?( on u , on cui t dy ).

32. Gii php cu to cho sn panen tr thnh cng ?33. Tnh n nh ca ct khi chiu cao ct ln ? ( Kim

tra n nh ct theo mnh : ct trn theo BK [ ]=120 , ct vung [ ] =30 ) .

34. Trng hp cht ti cho khung phng v khng gian ?( Khung khng gian cht ti lch ).khung phng chtlch nhp


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35. Tnh ton VK khc nhau khi bng bm , th cng ,cn trc ? Khi bm BT st l bao nhiu ? ( 12 cm ).

36. Thi gian lp vn khun dm sn sau khi tho (lp )VK ct ?

37. Cch phn on cc ?38. Cch tnh ra my p v i trng ?39. S lng vn khun chu lc v khng chu lc ?40. La chn KT cu kin ca khung ? ( Cn c vo nhp

dm , chiu cao ct ,tti trng ).41. Vn khun t tit din trn TD vung v neo ct

thp gia hai phn ct ? (Ko CT t ct vung bn trnxung ct trn di ).

42. D D Bentonite ? (Gi cho mc D D Bentonite ln hnmc nc ngm (khong ) ti thiu l 2 m to

mng ).43. B tr mt bng mng ?44. Tnh tng th th sn lm vic vi khung , nhnh tnh

thp cho sn th tch ring ? (Sn tnh theo s khpdo , n hi (khu WC ) hoc s dm gi to khi vng ln ).

45. C s tnh tin ?46. Mng c hai ct ly ti trng ?

( Chuyn ti trng v trng tm tit din i cc ; T

hp ni lc ; a v dm n gin c hai gi ta l haict ) .47. Ct thp m ca sn c tc dng ? ( vn ra ?) .ch m

men m48. Bn c KT khc nhau th M- khc nhau yh gii quyt ?

( gi ) .hin tng treo m men49. H thng gio hai bn nh ? ( Ch dng khi hon thin )

.50. Dm chiu ti , chiu ngh ? ( Tnh theo s siu

tnh c ti tp trung gia ) .51. Dm conson ? ( C chiu cao TD h = 1/6 l ) .52. Dng s mng ? ( Khi chia nhiu phn on ) .53. Hng ct no chu ti trng max c t vch cng ?54. Tnh MOMEN cho khung c k n nh hng ca li

cng ?


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55. Khi h < 60 cm ( chiu cao dm ) th dng thanh chngxin c hp l khng ?

56. Mt bng ch nht ti sao tnh khung phng ?57. Ngh khi mng ? (V tr dng ging nh bn sn ) .

58. Cht ti ng ln 2 khung vung gc ? ( Tnh ti phncho dm ; hot ti lch tng , nhp Tnh khung khnggian ).

59. S tnh khung ? ( Trc nh v nm 1 2 Hdm ) .60. Ct thp chu lc ca cu thang ?61. Ct thp ti ch tip gip 2 ct c TD thay i ?62. Ly ti trng cho vch cng ?63. Ging mng : Tnh thp ; Cn c chn chiu cao ?

( trang 186 BTCT ) .64. Ti sao thi cng theo PP dy chuyn ? (tctc)65. Xc nh v tr ct theo 2 phng t tng 1 n tng

trn cng ?66. nh du tim ct ch no sau nhiu nm vn xc

nh c ? ng inh trn ct cch chn ct mtkhong 10cm

67. Lm th no khi BT th chiu dy sn khngi ?nh du ct thp ct sau cng dy

68. Sc chu ti ph hoi ca cc ph thuc yu t g ?69. Mng ch L ch tip gip gia hai n nguyn ?

70. Ti sao tnh thp i xng ?tu tng cng trnh71. Ti sao li t mt i bng mt ging ?72. Nguyn tc chn cp ni lc tnh thp ? nguy him

nht73. Chn ni lc t hp no ?phi so snh74. Ti sao khng dng MICROFEAP cho khung ca nh 5

6 tng ?khng tnh lc dc dm75. B tr ct thp ch tip gip M- v M+ ( bn sn ) ?76. Di chuyn my p cc ?

77. V tr mch ngng theo phng ngang v ng ?78. Dn gio trt cng tc sn khng ?79. B nc trn mi tnh ng hay tnh ? ( Tnh theo hot

ti ) .80. Tc dng ct dc trong cc ?81. Cch rt ngn tin thi cng ? ( Ch h s khng

iu ho ) .


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82. Ct thp trong cc nhi su bao nhiu ?83. Cc chu ko khi no ? ( cc ng ) .84. C th thi cng cc khoan nhi c ng knh 400 ?85. Ct trn khc ct vung ? ( Cu to ct thp ; Ct trn

chu nn t trong ra ) .86. H thng nh v khi thi cng vn khun trt ?87. Khng ch tc ng cng ca BT ?88. Cch khc phc s tnh so vi lm vic thc t ?

( Tnh hai khung vung gc vi nhau ) .89. Khi thit k n th phn kin trc lu g ?t bn90. im xa nht t ca ca cng trnh ti cu thang ?30m91. Ging mng t trn hay di cch no c li ?92. Ti sao dn thp cht ti 1 / 2 dn ?93. Lm th no th c ni lc cho tng bn ?trv ht

tnh mt sau da vo m men tnh tip94. Din tch tnh ton dng tit din g ?95. Tit din thp cc nhi ?96. Chiu di p u cc nhi ?thng >0.5m97. Cch neo dm dc bin vo khung ngang ?98. Gii php a va BT ln trn tng thi cng khi my

bm khng th a ti ?99. Gii quyt khi nh cao thp khng b gy ? ( Thi

cng phn ln trc phn nh sau ; Tng chiu su ng

cc )100. Vi p trc th bin php no tng tin thi cng?

101. Ti sao khng thay th tit din ca khung bn cnh vikhung ct ra ? ( cng tng th nhau cc khunglm vic c lp ) .

102. u im s dy chuyn so vi s ngang ?103. Li thp t ti gc lng cu thang ? ( t li thp

do : ng sut tp trung ; ng sut ti gc ln hn ; Thanh

thp nganng i vo li ) .104. Yu t chn chiu dy sn ? nh gi tnh hp l ?+ Yu t chn l : Nhp 1 / 40 1 / 45 L ; Ti trng .+ nh gi qua hm lng thp .++ Nh bao che vng cho php l 0.35 mm . gim vng th : Tng thp ; Tng chiu dy bn ( th-ng dng ) .


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105. Dn : H ging , cch tnh ni lc , lp gip ?106. Chiu di nh bao nhiu th cn khe ln ?107. S tnh ton cho bn sn ? Ti sao ?

S tnh theo n hi hay khp do ph thuc :

+ Kch thc ca bn .+ Ti trng tc dng .+ Mi trng lm vic . ( Phn ct m ko ra theo nhp b) .

108. Ti trng tnh ton y dm chnh ?109. BT bng cch bm dm ( m khng gy lc tc

ng ) ?110. Ti trng truyn vo dm ph ? T ti tam gic qui v

u da trn nguyn tc g ? cn bng m men niluc khng thay i

111. Tnh ging i mng nh th no ? S tnh gingcng ngn th thp ln hay cng cao th thp ln ?usai

112. Cch a tim ct ln cao ?113. Kim tra dy sn ?114. Chiu dy tng thang my , ti sao thay i b dy

bn trong m khng bn ngoi ?do mi trng115. Chn day ln tng BT ca thang my ?116. Khi cc b p ht 20 cm so vi i th lm sao ? tng

tit din i ln117. Cc ct hng ngoi cng th bin php VK , BTkhc g ct trong ?

118. C s chn khung tnh ton ?119. Cch chia ti ngang cho li thang my ?120. Gii thch s dy chuyn ph hoi s cng

ngh ?121. Kim tra n nh cc b ti ch tip gip ct v dm

khi EJc EJd ? . ( Kim tra chc thng ) .122. Kim tra VK nh hnh ? ( Khng cn kim tra VK

nh hnh ) .123. Lin kt h vch khung thng qua g ? ( LK vch v

khung qua sn ; LK vch v sn qua gi ) .124. Chn ba ng cc ? ( iu kin k thut v MB thi

cng ) .125. Cch gim trong lng dm BT ?


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126. Chng xoay cho sn cng tc ?neo127. H thng nh v khi thi cng vn khun trt ?128. Kim tra n nh cho khung khng gian ( Cc b v

tng th )? Kim tra cc b vi thanh chu nn .

129. S lc ca nt ?130. Gi thit khi tnh ton dn ?131. Bin php ghp VK v BT lng cu thang my ?

Ghp 1/ 2 tng v : Chiu cao ln ;jfhhdhdhdh132. Gim tit din dm ? ( ni lc trong ct tng ) .v ni

lc phn b theo cng133. Tnh VK i cc v ti trng tc dng ? ( Ti trng BT

+ m ; Tnh b dy + khong cch np ng ) .134. Khi no dng p cc ? ( t lc p thit k ) .135. Ni lc trong tng chn ? Ti trng tnh ton vi b

ngm ? ( Ti trng bn thn + hot ti / nuc ; p lc t + nc ; p lc nc ngm ; ch kim tray ni khi thi cng v trt b ) .

136. Lin kt khp gia thnh v np b ? Cu to l nt cng trnh nt v noc ngm i vob ; Tnh ton l khp do thin v an ton .

137. Thp t cho ca b ? gim ng sut ko chnh.

138. Kim tra ni lc ?

139. Di chuyn my p cc ?140. V tr mch ngng theo phng ngang v ng ?141. Sn gio trt cng tc sn hay khng ?142. Chiu di thp m bn cu thang ?143. Phn bit cu to nt khung nh cao tng v thp

tng ?144. Ti sao s lm vic cc n tt hn nhm cc ?145. phn chia khu vc b tng ?146. Gii thch cu to ct thp nt ?

147. i cc lm vic th pht sinh ni lc g ? chu unv nn do ct gay ra ) .148. Bin php p u cc ( yu cu k thut ) ?149. Nghuyn tc b tr cn trc thp ?150. t y i bng y dm ? c li l : phi o ;

phi xy .


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151. Ch ra trng hp MOMEN dm l ln nht khi t ticch tng , cch nhp ?

152. Phng n thi cng t ?153. Tc dng ca ct ai trong ct ? Gi ct dc khi thi

cng v khi chc lc;; Gim chiu daid tnh ton ct .154. Cc gc nh th t gi nh th no trng trnghp i trng lch ?

155. Lm sao c tin cy ca kt qu tnh ton ?156. Ti sao ct ai ct b tr u nhau cn dm th

khc ? ct ch yu chu lc dc ,cn dm chu lc ct157. Ti sao chn gii php khung nh vy ? C bao nhiu gii

php tnh khung trong nh ?158. Nh mt s thng s chn tit din ct , dm ?159. B nc trn mi tnh ng hay tnh ?

160. Ti sao thay dm gi to cho khp do ?161. Phng php chng vch h o ? u im ? PP : ng

chng ; Gu xon ; Phn tun hon .162. Cch kim tra ni lc phn t nh gi l ng ?163. Tc dng ca ct dc trong cc ?164. H thng kt cu khi nh c chiu cao cc phn khc

nhau ?165. Phn phi ti ngang vo khung v li ?hteo cng166. Ti trng tnh ra ct thp li ? Ti ngang phn

phi theo cng ; Ti ng phn phi qua bn sn ; cng ca vach stheo hai phng .

167. Thi cng di h o ?168. Ti sao lm s ngang , khng phi s dy

chuyn khi nh c khong cch lp li ?169. Khi nao t ct thp i xng trong ct ? khi

lch tm khng ln170. Thp trong cc nhi su bao nhiu ?171. C s chn khung tnh ?

172. Cch chia ti ngang cho li thang my ?173. Hin tng tri ct thop trong cc nhi ? Bin phpkhc phc ?

174. Ti sao khng dng hn hi trong ni CT trong cckhoan nhi ? ctthp cng cao

175. Phng php BT cc khoan nhi ?


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CC KHOAN NHI

176. Ct thp cn t ti mi cc khng ? ( L = ? ) ?177. Dung dch BENTONITE ?178. C th thi cng cc khoan nhi c DK 400 c

khng ?179. Din tch thp cc nhi ? Hm lng bng bao nhiu ?180. Chiu di p u cc nhi ?181. Khi cc p ht 20 cm so vi i th lm sao ?182. Tc dng ct dc trong cc ? KT cc nhi : + K : D = 1.2 m

+ Chiu di : L = 45 m ( tnh t mt t tnhin )+ DT thn cc : m2

+ DT ct thp : = 1.5 % As = 117.8 cm 2

.183. Hin tng tri CT trong cc nhi , cch gii quyt ?184. Ti sao khng dng hn hi trong vic ni cc khoan

nhi ?185. Ti trng nn tnh ti a khi kim tra sc chu ti cc

? Tnh theo tiu chun no ? S cc th nghim v xcnh tr s cc ny ?

186. Vi cc chu nn lch tm th kim tra sc chu tinh th no ?

187. Trong PP kim tra cc bng PP siu m : KT loingphi50 , vt liu ngnha , chiu su t ng ndy? Trong ng c nc khng :c ng v ng vi lithp :vng ?

188. Trng hp c tng hm : c cn t ct thp ncao trng mt t t nhin khng ?( BT )

189. Tng quan gia DK cc v DK ng ?190. H gi ng ?

* i trng 5; 5.5 ; 6.2 T kch thc 1.1 m* khi p cc KC ti thiu t trc cc n mp CT ln

cn l 70 cm* p c th phi p chm hoc dng c


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* Mp x g cch mp trong dm 250* 130 150 m3 / ca

kin trc

-Tn cng trnh..Chc nng ca cng trnh lm g?Quy mv din tch s dng,v cng sut (s phng khch,hoc s phng hc,s hc sinh, hoc khi lng lng snphm /nm.. )

-V tr cng trnh, hng cc mt ng. 4 huo-Chc nng cc tng. Cc phng,khu khc..V tr khu Wc

ph hp cha?-Giao thng ca cc phng trong tng, giao thng ca cc

tng trong nh bng giI php g ?.Bin php thot ngikhi c ho hon hp l cha?.-GiI php thot nc mI, nc thI cc tng xung tng 1.-GiI php thng gi, chiu sng t nhin hay nhn to?.Gii

php c chn hp l cha?.kt hp

kt cu

-H kt cu chu lc chnh ca cng trnh l g? TI sao lI

chn h kt cu ny?khung li vch-Khi no th tch c khung phng trong khi khung khnggian ra tnh?

-S tnh khung phng, tit din ngm chn ct umt trn ca i?, chiu dI ca ct, dm a vo tnhton ly nh th no?.

-Tit din dm ct chn ph thuc vo g? TI sao lI mrng tit din dm ct theo phng mt phng un?

-Chiu dy bn ph thuc vo yu cu g? cI g nh gis hp l ca chiu dy bn?.

-Cc tI trng tc dng vo khung phng ang tnh?-Th no l tnh tI, th no l hot tI?-Din tch truyn tI trng ln dm ct?-Cch xc nh tng loI tI trng phn b, tp trung tc

dng ln dm.


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-Cch xc nh tI trng phn b ln ct, tp trung tI ntkhung.

-TI sao phI xc nh khung chu tc dng ca tng trnghp tI trng tc dng ( tnh tI, hot tI ng 1, hot tI

ng 2, gi trI, gi phi.. )-TI sao phI tnh ni lc khung vi tng trng hp tI trngtc dng.

-Dn ton b tI trng vo tnh ni lc khung mt ln c ckhng.

-Nguyn tc phn phi tI trng gi cho khung, li, vch( ly h kt cu c tnh trnh by ).

-Th no l cng tng i theo tng, cng tuyti ca khung.

-Cch xc nh cng ca li, vch.

-Cch xc nh cng ca khung so vi cng ca li,vch.

-Th no l tm cng? L im m hp lc ca ni lc chgay ra chuyn v ngang m khng gy chuyn v xoay

-Cch xc nh tm cng. Btct2-Phn bit ni, ngoI lc.-Ni lc ch yu trong dm(M,Q) ct.(M,N)-Ni dung u, nhc Im khi xc nh ni lc theo phng

php:

+Lc+Chuyn v.+Gn ng (Cross).+ng dn ( Kali )+Im khng m men.-Khi tnh ni lc bng my (dng chng trnh c sn) s

liu a vo gm nhng g?-C th dng cch no kim tra c s liu s b a

vo l ng?-Ch r trng thI ni lc ca phn t tm: (un trong mt

phng tm, un ngoI mt phng tm).-Mc ch vic t hp ni lc.-Dm cn t hp ni lc g? tit din no?-Ct cn t hp ni lc g? tit din no?-Chiu dI tnh ton ca ct.

-Khino tnh ct thp i xng cho ct?


55/56

-Chc nng ca ct dc chu lc, ct dc cu to.-Chc nng v cu to ct ai trong ct.-Chc nng v cu to ct ai trong dm.-Chc nng v cu to ca thp chu lc, thp cu to trong

bn.-Phn bit nhp tnh ton ca dm khi tnh ni lc theo s khp do, theo s n hi.

-Chc nng ca:+Ct thp treo.chu lc cc b+on ni chng ct thp.+Ct ai b tr dy trong on ni ct thp ct.+on ko dI ct thp dc chi ko W.-Cch tnh ton ct thp cho li thang my.-Tnh ct thp vi ni lc theo s khp do, ni lc theo

s n hi c g khc nhau?. u dng trng thi giihn

-Ly tI trng no tnh mng?-TI sao lI chn phng n mng nng, phng n mng cc.-Chiu dI cc chn ph thuc vo g?-Tit din cc chn ph thuc vo g? bng bao nhiu phn

ca chiu dI cc?.-Mc BT chn ph thuc vo g?-Tc dng ca ct thp dc trong cc.

-Tc dng ca ct ai, li thp gia c u cc, thp bn baou cc.-Phn tch s lm vic ca cc nt khung gy khc. Cu to

ct thp cho tng loI khung nh trn.-Cch kim tra vn chuyn, cu lp cc.-I cc chu ni lc g. phn lc-Mt thp m thng ca I cc di 1 ct.-Lc gy m thng.-Chc nng v cch tnh ton cc loI ct thp trong I cc.-

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