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Phng pháp gii bài tp Vt lý 10 [email protected] 1 CHNG IV: CÁC NH LUT BO TOÀN CH 1: NG LNG. NH LUT BO TOÀN NG LNG A. CÁC DNG BÀI TP VÀ PHNG PHÁP GII Dng 1: : Tính ng lng ca mt vt, mt h vt. - ng lng p ca mt vt có khi lng m ang chuyn ng vi vn tc v là mt i lng c xác nh bi biu thc: p = m v - n v ng lng: kgm/s hay kgms -1 . - ng lng h vt: 1 2 p p p ! u r u u r u u r Nu: 1 2 1 2 p p p p p oo ! u r u r Nu: 1 2 1 2 p p p p p oq ! u r u r Nu: 2 2 1 2 1 2 p p p p p B ! ur u r Nu: · 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 , 2 . . os p p p p p p pc E E ! ! uu r uu r Dng 2: Bài tp v nh lut bo toàn ng lng Bc 1: Chn h vt cô lp kho sát Bc 2: Vit biu thc ng lng ca h trc và sau hin tng. Bc 3: áp dng nh lut bo toàn ng lng cho h: t s p p ! u u r u u r (1) Bc 4: Chuyn phng trình (1) thành dng vô hng (b vecto) bng 2 cách: + Phng pháp chiu + Phng pháp hình hc. * . Nhng lu ý khi gii các bài toán liên quan n nh lut bo toàn ng lng: a. Trng hp các vector ng lng thành phn (hay các vector vn tc thành phn ) cùng phng, thì biu thc ca nh lut bo toàn ng lng c vit li: m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 ' 1 v + m 2 ' 2 v Trong trng hp này ta cn quy c chiu dng ca chuyn ng. - Nu vt chuyn ng theo chiu dng ã chn thì v > 0; - Nu vt chuyn ng ngc vi chiu dng ã chn thì v < 0. b. Trng hp các vector ng lng thành phn (hay các vector vn tc thành phn ) không cùng phng, thì ta cn s dng h thc vector: s p = t p và bi u din trên hì nh v. Da v ào các tính cht hình h c tìm yê u cu ca bài toán. c. iu kin áp dng nh lut bo toàn ng lng: - Tng ngoi lc tác dng lên h bng không. - Ngoi lc rt nh so vi ni lc - Thi gian tng tác ngn. - Nu ai luc 0 ngo F { u r nhng hình chiu ca ai luc ngo F u r trên mt phng nào ó bng không thì ng lng bo toàn trên phng ó. B. BÀI TP VN DNG Bài 1: Hai vt có khi lng m 1 = 1 kg, m 2 = 3 kg chuyn ng vi các vn tc v 1 = 3 m/s và v 2 = 1 m/s. Tìm tng ng lng ( phng, chiu và ln) ca h trong các trng hp : a) v 1 và v 2 cùng hng. b) v T 1 và v T 2 cùng phng, ngc chiu. c) v T 1 và v T 2 vuông góc nhau G ii

Tong Hop Phuong Phap Giai Bt Vat Ly 10 Hoc Ki II

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