Topic : IT로 이끄는 신개념 제조혁신, 3D 프린팅산업디자이너를 위한 신속조형기술 / RP 활용가이드, 최성권 지음, 서출판 혜지원, 2010. Designers

Topic : IT로 이끄는 신개념 제조혁신, 3D 프린팅

Associate Professor of Department of Industrial Design, Seoil University

Prof. Sung-Kwon Choi

2013. 10. 08.

Contents

I. AM & 3D Printing Overview

1. 3D Printing Issue

2. What is AM & 3D Printing?

3. How companies are applying AM processes

5. CAD software

6. Hardware Type

7. Build Volume(size)

8. Materials & AM Systems

4. Installations by country

II. 3D Printing Technology & Application

1. Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier

2. Leaf Design Series/ iPhone4S Protection Cases

IV. Conclusion

1. AM(Additive Manufacturing)Benefits

4. 3D Printing & Design Market

5. Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp

References

6. Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design

7. Twilight / LED Lighting

8. Drop Light / Power LED Lighting

9. DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot Etc.

SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)

FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)

DLP (Digital Light Processing)

SLA/SL (Stereo Lithography Apparatus)

9. AM Comparison Matrix

4. Korea Bridal crown Hair band

2. The `marble’ model, check it out!

3. Production Method Comparison

3. Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp

3D Printing Issue

Alvin Toffler

Chris Anderson

Terry T. Wohlers

Peter Weijmarshausen

Barack Hussein Obama

Janne Kyttanen

Charlie Maddock

Neri Oxman

“3D Printing is next revolution in manufacturing”

What is AM & 3D Printing?

CAD 3D Modeling 3D Printing Prototype

3D Printing > Layer by Layer

* ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee

* RP: Rapid Prototyping > AM: Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing

RP: Rapid Prototyping AM: Additive

Manufacturing Subtractive Manufacturing

3D Printing

RT: Rapid Tooling

RM: Rapid Manufacturing

SM RP AM

3D Printer / AM Machines

Formative Subtractive Additive

3D Printing

* ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee

What is AM & 3D Printing?

Concurrent Engineering

제품 다양화 요구

제품 형상의 복잡화

인건비 상승

제품 수명주기 단축

금형 제작비 상승

NC 가공의 한계

TIME

COST

기업의 경쟁력 강화

3D Printing Needs

Source : Wohlers Report 2013, Wohlers Associates, Inc.

How companies are applying AM processes

1970

1980

1990

2000~ 1960

CAD software

Parametric Modeling

Generative Modeling

Topology Modeling

Algorism Modeling

Haptic Device Modeling

box

Corner R

6 surfaces

Freeform surface

Structure in Nature

3D Scanning & Software

3D Scan equipment

Touch Probe Type Noncontact Type 접촉식 非접촉식

Polygon mesh Point cloud 3D Printing

* White Paper:3RD Generation Parametric Modeling from 3D Scan Data(F), Martin Chader

Hardware Type

Robot type Conveyor Type Box type

Hardware Type

3D DERS 홈페이지에 제조사 2013년 현재 18개국 62개사 등록

출처: http://www.3ders.org/pricecompare/3dprinters/

국가 : 미국, 캐나다, 영국, 싱가폴, 프랑스, 홍콩, 인디아, 한국, 스페인, 중국, 독일, 이탈리아, 네덜란드, 일본, 폴란드, 대만, 네덜란드, 덴마크 등

제품 형식: DIY 형태 주류 > 제품 가격: $200~$7,000 > 프린팅 기술 FFF(FDM) 방식 주류 > 오픈 소스와 특허 만료 사용 재료: ABS, PLA 주력, Lawood-D3, Nylon-618, PC > 재료 가격: $10~$140

제조사는 전문기업과 개인 DIY 혼재 > TOP 10엔 전문기업 우세

초기 RepRap 오픈 소스코드를 이용하여 개발 > 향후 자체적인 업그레이드 지속 서비스 필요

한국의 경우 멘델, 윌리봇, 에디슨 등 5개사 정도가 현재 DIY형태로 초기 제품 개발 > 커뮤니티로 카페 활용

FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling SLA / SL

Entry Level 3D Printer

출처 : Wohlers Report 2009, Terry Wohlers, page 53 요약

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Entry level 3D Printer sales

Build Volume(size)

4000 x 2000 x 1000mm

1000 x 800 x 500mm

>Ink-jet print technology >Selective powder adherence >26.560 nozzles >resolution: 600 dpi >print with: 1120 mm >printing speed: 75s/layer >layer thickness: 300 micron

>3D laser lithography technology >3D micro & nanostructure made >ex1. 220 micron=0.22mm >ex2. 10 micron=0.01mm

2100 x 700 x 800mm >SLA(SL): Stereolithography technology >Layer Thickness 50 micron=0.05mm

>PolyJet Matrix technology >Layer Thickness 16 micron=0.016mm

914 x 610 x 914mm >FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) technology >Layer Thickness 117 micron=0.330/0.254/0.178mm

700 x 380 x 560mm >SLS(Selective Laser Sintering) technology >Layer Thickness 120 micron=0.12mm

SLS SLA

PolyJet

FDM

InkJet

SLA

445 x 356 x 500mm

>DLP(Digital Light Projection)technology >Layer Thickness 25 micron=0.025mm

DLP

Plastic

Metal

Ceramic composite

Paper

Meat

Rubber

Wax

Wood

Cement Polymer

Sand

Sugar

Chocolate

Human tissue

ABS,PLA, Epoxy, PC, Nylon Etc.

Salt

Stainless Steel, Bronze, Titanium Ti64

Food

Materials

Liquid-based systems Powder-based systems Solid-based systems

Materials & AM Systems

AM Comparison Matrix

Additive Manufacturing-01 Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier

SLS : Selective Laser Sintering

Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013.

01


3D Modeling & Inspection

02

Cooling Time


03

SLS Making platform

SLS : Selective Laser Sintering

Packaging


05

Additive Manufacturing-02 Leaf Design Series/ iPhone4S Protection Cases

3D Scanning

Shape Design

01

Reverse Engineering

Leaf series/ iPhone4S Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012.

Dyeing

02

User Testing


03

Packaging


04

Additive Manufacturing-03 Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp

Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp, Design by 3dconnection. 2013.

Lighting Design

Quin-MGX, materialise, 2007 / SLS, PA. Quin-MGX, Desugn by Basheba Grossman, US/ courtesy of materialise / SLA, PA, 2007.

Lighting Design

Palm Hanging D32, Janne Kyttanen 2007, FOC / SLS, PA.

CLAM / NUDL as team of JUNGLIM Architecture / Korea / 2009. Courtesy of JUNGLIM Architecture

Additive Manufacturing-04 The winners of the Accessory Challenge by Materialise

Koran Bridal crown Hairband by Kijin Shin, 3DCONNECTION, 2013.

01

The Universe by Jeeyoung Bang

03

Jointed Jewels > Necklaces , Rings, Bangles

Jointed Jewels > Necklaces and Rings Jointed Jewels > Bangles and Ring

Alissia Melka, byamt, 2010.

N12 Bikini, continuumfashion, 2011 / SLS, PA2200.

Additive Manufacturing-05 Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp

FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling

01

Rhino3D>3D Modeling

02

netfabb studio>3D Modeling Inspection

3D Printing

Printer Head

Build & Support

Final Lamp Shade

03 FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling

Additive Manufacturing-06 Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design

DLP : Digital Light Processing

Topology Modeling

Mesh Modeling > STL. File conversion

01 * STL=Stereo Lithography / * AMF : Additive Manufacturing Format

Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012.

Mask Image Projection 02 DLP : Digital Light Processing

03


Casting

3D Printed Resin

04


Goddess Dream Pendant & Necklace, 18K Gold, Silver Series, JOO,EUN-OK, 2009.

Jewelry Design

BLOOMING Earring & Necklace, 18K Gold Series, YEMYUNGJI, 2010.

Jewelry Design

Additive Manufacturing-07 Twilight / LED Lighting

Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing

01

3D Printing Parts > Post Processing

02 SLA : Stereolithography

Twilight / Design by Minsu Kim. 2009.

03

Additive Manufacturing-08 Drop Light / Power LED Lighting

SLA / SL : Stereo Lithography Apparatus

01

Drop Light : Rapid Prototyping / SLA Process

02

Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up), 2010~2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM

Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up)

03

Drop Light : Manufacturing goods

Drop Light, design by doolight, 2013.

04

Drop Light : Manufacturing goods Drop Light Mini, design by doolight, 2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM

05

Additive Manufacturing-09 DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot

A

Two initial concept sketches and prototypes Final prototype

DONA: Urban Donation Motivating Robot . Design by Min Su Kim. 2009~2011. Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN/RCA

01

B

C

D

Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN

02

3D Modeling & Inner structure assembling inspection

Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing

Rapid Prototyping > SLA Parts Assembling

Image Mapping(Character-oriented, Humanoid-like type) Form study with clay

1

2 4

3

03

Public Demonstration, Seoul Museum of Art, 2011.

04

AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits

Additive Manufacturing has many remarkable benefits compared to traditional mass production techniques

It can build unique and complex parts rapidly over a number of hours.

‘Local’ manufacturing results in a lower carbon footprint and materials can include recycled plastics.

With no upfront costs for moulds, manufacturing on-demand promotes a positive cash flow.

The absence of moulds allows for complex geometries to be created without difficulty.

Rapid

Affordable Additive Manufacturing eliminates tooling, set-up and some labor costs. It can produce parts of far superior complexity that can consist of one or more movable components without the need for assembly. Hence, it is the only viable manufacturing process for ‘Mass Customization'.

There is considerably less material waste than traditional manufacturing techniques. Less Waste

Environmentally Friendly

Competitive

Flexible Design

A traditional supply chain A 3D printing supply chain

Just in time Long lead time

AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits

Long Tail Economy, Chris Anderson

3D Printing & Design Market

($)

(개)

개 당 제 조 비 용

제품 개수

방법 2 3차원 프린터

방법 1 사출 성형 (금형 제작 비용 1만 달러 + 고무오리 1개당 20달러)

(고무오리 1개를 추가 생산할 때 드는 비용은 20달러로 동일)

다양성 복잡성 유연성

Production Method Comparison

제조의 민주화

Production Democratization

자금 조달의 민주화

Funds Procurement Democratization

유통/판매의 민주화

Distribution/Sales Democratization

Global Online Web Crowd Funding

3D Printing & Design Market

3D Printing

New Design Business Model

Arduino Open Source

Global Online App

MAKE THE IMAGINATION RAEL

“상상하는 것을 현실로 만들 수 있음”

>무금형(無金型 ) 제품의 등장> No Assembly

>3차원을 넘어선 디자인 제품의 등장

>CUSTOMIZATION, LIMITED, 유일 상품 등장

>프로슈머(Prosumer)의 증가와 경계성의 한계

>Desktop Factory / FAB at Home > 1인 생산 기업 등장

>상품의 형태가 Digital File의 형태로도 On-Line 유통

>Network 교역생산 > 전세계 장비 활용

>Cloud 컴퓨팅 기반 AM 상품 유통 마켓 활성화

>Low Volume Production>다품종 소량 생산적합

유통

제조

상품

NEW BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CREATIVE INDUSRIES

>RP / 3D Printer 서비스 Bureau 성장 / 전문회사 등장

>기능위주>이야기, 감성 상품의 증가

>슈퍼 컴퓨팅 플랫폼 및 빅 데이터 마케팅 활성화

3D Printing & AM Paradigm 예측

Factory of Future

AM 후처리 기술 확보와 개발

AM 디자인 상품의 적극 연구와 개발

AM 장비와 재료의 국산화

AM 상품의 표면처리기술 > 상품성 높임

ex. MGX, FOC > History 만들기

장비의 상용화와 환경친화적 재료 개발

사용 재료의 내구성, 다양성 확보

AM 디자인기술을 별도로 연구,교육 지원하는 R&D 및 Facility Center 필요>대학 기초 교육

AM 디자인 상품의 분야별 브랜드 상품 개발

AM 상품은 차별화된 디자인과 초기 세분야 영역을 선점하여 History 가치와 국제 마케팅

AM 의 바른 인식과 기초 생태계 구축

AM의 기술의 저변 확대 노력

국내외 기술교류와 기초 연구

AM 상품의 대량 생산 시설 확보

3D MODELING 및 SCAN/REVERSE 설계기술 인재양성

AM(Additive Manufacturing) 산업을 위한 준비와 해결 과제

AM 생태계 구축 전략 수립

Rapid Manufacturing, An industrial Revolution for the Digital Age Editors N. Hopkinson, R.J.M. Hague and P.M. Dickens / Loughborough University, UK, 2006. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Rapid Prototyping / Principles and Applications / Second Edition, Chua C.K., Leong K. F. and Lim C. S. 2004. World Scientific

Wohlers Report 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013 / State of the Industry / Annual Worldwide Progress Report / Terry Wohlers, 2009 / Terry T. Wohlers Wohlers Associates, Inc.

산업디자이너를 위한 신속조형기술 / RP 활용가이드, 최성권 지음, 도서출판 혜지원, 2010.

Designers for Rapid Prototyping User Guide, Sung-Kwon Choi, Hyejiwon Press, 2010.

앨빈 토플러 > 부의 미래, 앨빈 토플러, 하이디 토플러 지음, 김중웅 옮김, 청림출판, 2006.

Revolutionary Wealth

References

The New World of 3D Printing / 2013 /Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman, 2013.

The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More, Chris Anderson, New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 2008.

메이커스(MAKERS), 크리스 앤더슨, RHK알에이치코리아, 2013.

www. 3dconnection.co.kr

Q & A

감사합니다.

Thanks you!

Documents

Topic : IT로 이끄는 신개념 제조혁신, 3D 프린팅산업디자이너를 위한 신속조형기술 / RP 활용가이드, 최성권 지음, 서출판 혜지원, 2010. Designers