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Abstract..................................................................................................................... 3Key words.................................................................................................................. 31. .................................................................................................................... 4

2. ................................................................................................................ 53. ............................................................................. 54. ............................................................................................................. 65. .................................. 76. ?........ 137. .............................................................................................................. 15 .......................................................................................... 16Abstract

Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, usually for a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with international travel, but may also refer to travel to another place within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".[1]

Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being vital importance.Key words: tourism, spain, cultures, religion, festivals, museums.1. Introduction Spainofficially theKingdom of Spain(Spanish:Reino de Espaa), is asovereign statelocated on theIberian Peninsulainsouthwestern Europe. Itsmainlandis bordered to the south and east by theMediterranean Seaexcept for a small land boundary withGibraltar; to the north and northeast byFrance,Andorra, and theBay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest byPortugaland theAtlantic Ocean. Along with France andMorocco, it is one of only three countries to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Spain's 1,214km (754mi) border with Portugal is thelongest uninterrupted borderwithin theEuropean Union.

Spanish territory also includes theBalearic Islandsin the Mediterranean, theCanary Islandsin the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, threeexclavesinNorth Africa,Ceuta,Melilla, andPen de Vlez de la Gomerathat border Morocco, and the islands andpeones(rocks) ofAlborn,Chafarinas,Alhucemas, andPerejil. (TheSpanish Empirewith its peak in the 1600s had included much more territory - seeworld map.) With an area of 505,992km2(195,365sqmi), Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and thefifth largest country in Europe.

Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. It came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was namedHispania. In the Middle Ages, the area was conquered byGermanic tribesand later by theMoors. Spain emerged as a unified country in the 15th century, following the marriage of theCatholic Monarchsand the completion of the centuries-long reconquest, orReconquista, of the peninsula from the Moors in 1492. In the early modern period, Spain became one of history's firstglobal colonial empires, leaving a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 500 millionSpanish speakers, making Spanish the world'ssecond most spoken first language.

Modern Spain is ademocracyorganized in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutionalmonarchy. It is adeveloped countrywith the14th largest economy in the world. It is a member of theUnited Nations,NATO,OECD,WTOand many other international organizations.

2. Tourizam in Spain

TourisminSpaintoday is a major contributor to the national economic life contributing with 6.4% of Spain'sGDPand ever since the 1960s and 1970s, when the country became a popular destination for winter holidays, especially with the tourists from the UK, Germany, France, Ireland, Scandinavia, Italy and theBenelux. Spain has held strong position in world's tourism, being among the largest markets for holidays. In 2007, Spain became the second most visited country in the world after France. That year, almost 60 million foreign visitors came to visit Spain, according to theWorld Tourism Organization, which has its headquarters inMadrid.

However, in 2010 Spain dropped to the fourth most visited country in the world after France, the United States and China with 53 million visitors.[1]Spain's tourism industry contributed directly with 6.4% of GDP or around 62.1 billion ($81.8 billion) in 2010 according to theWorld Travel and Tourism Council, the fifth largest income from tourism industry after the United States with $510.8 billion, Japan $172.5 billion, China $113.4 billion and France $107.6 billion based on 2010World Travel and Tourism Councilfigures. It is worth noting thatUNWTOmeasures tourism income differently and in its Tourism Highlights report, 2010 edition, places Spain ($53 billion) second only to US ($93.9 billion) in 2009 for "International Tourism Receipts". The UNWTO's own methodological notes explain the meaning of International Tourism Receipts and may help to explain the differences in the two organizations figures.

2.1 Transport

Spain's national airline isIberia, but the country can also be flown into on many international passenger airlines such asAir Europa,Vueling,Air Berlin,Clickairandcharter airlines, all of which fly to many tourist spots in the region.Tourists also arrive in Spain by road, rail and over the water. Spanishfreewaysinterconnecting the touristic cities are also linked up with the French freeway network across thePyrenees. The main train operator isRENFE; theAVE(Spanishhigh speed train) orTalgoare theintercityservices for tourists.

2.2 Summer resorts and beaches

This type of tourism was the first to be developed in Spain, and today, generates the most income for the Spanish economy. The mild climate during the whole year and the extensive sandy beaches of the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean as well as of its two archipelagoes (theBalearic Islandsand theCanary Islandsrespectively) have been attracting tourists from Northern Europe for decades. The leading source markets of Spanish beach tourism are the UK (around 24% of the total arrivals in Spain in recent years), Germany and France (around 15-16% each), followed by Scandinavia and Italy (around 7% each) and the Netherlands (around 5%).[4]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" \l "cite_note-5" [5]The most popular Spanish coasts are on its Mediterranean side, and include, from north to south clockwise:

TheCosta Brava, theCosta Dauradaand theCosta del Maresme, in the autonomous community ofCatalonia, very popular with visitors from France as well as inland Spain, with notable resorts likeSalouand the city ofBarcelona.

TheCosta Blanca, (one of the most developed coastal areas of Spain, extremely popular for tourists from the United Kingdom and Germany, withBenidormas the leading summer city of Spain) and theCosta del Azaharare both in theValencian Community.

TheCosta Clidain theRegion of Murciaand theMar Menor, alagoonby the Mediterranean sea.

TheCosta de Almera, theCosta Tropical, theCosta del Soland theCosta de la Luz, all in the community ofAndalusia. Some of the summer destinations here are renowned worldwide, such asMarbellainMlaga ProvinceorSotograndeinCdiz province, both destinations for tourists and summer residents with big purchasing power. The city ofMlagais a notable Costa del Sol destination and also one of the largest harbours in Spain and frequented by cruise ships.

Spain's two archipelagoes, theBalearic Islandsoff the mainland coast in the Mediterranean and the volcanicCanary Islandsin the Atlantic, are also both very popular destinations with Spaniards and Europeans.

In addition to the summer tourism, other modalities like cultural and monumental tourism congresses, sport or fun tourism have been developed in these areas, including such famous cities asBarcelonaandValencia, the biggest harbours of the Spanish Mediterranean coast.

Many coastal or island places also have great ecological and natural importance.Theme ParkslikePortAventura,Terra Mticaor diverse water-fun parks are also popular.

Blue flag beachesIn 2014 Spain broke its own record ofblue flag beaches, achieving 681 flags and becoming the leader in theNorthern hemisphere.[6]Spain is also the leader in blue flags formarinas.[6]2.3 Cultural tourism, business tourism

As a crossroads of several civilizations, Spain offers a number of historical cities and towns. Major destinations include Spain's two largest cities:Madridand Barcelona, which stand as two of the leading city destinations in Europe. Both offer a matchless number of attractions and their importance in commerce, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, sports and arts contribute to their status as two of the world's major global cities. Thirteen Spanish cities have been declaredWorld Heritage Citiesby theUNESCO:[7]Alcal de Henares,vila,Cceres,Crdoba,Cuenca,Ibiza,Mrida,Salamanca,San Cristbal de La Laguna,Santiago de Compostela,Segovia,TarragonaandToledo. As of June 2013, Spain has 44 total sites inscribed on the list, third only toChina(45) andItaly(49). Of these 44 sites, 39 are cultural, 3 are natural, and 2 are mixed (meeting both cultural and natural criteria), as determined by the organization'sselection criteria.[8]Other first-class destinations areSeville,Granada,Santander,Oviedo,Gijn,BilbaoandSan Sebastin. All of them with historical landmarks and a lively cultural agenda.2.4 Religion Spain is an important place forCatholicism. In fact, some of the holiest places for the Catholic Church are in Spain: city ofSantiago de CompostelainGalicia(North-West Spain), the third holiest place after theVatican Cityin Rome andJerusalem. It is also the terminus of theWay of Saint James.Santo Toribio de Libana,Cantabria(also in North Spain) is the fourth, followed byCaravaca de la Cruzat the South-East,Region of Murcia(fifth holiest place). These places attract pilgrims and tourists from all the world. Religion also has found its artistic expression through the popularHoly Weekprocessions, which become important in almost every town.2.5 Festivals Most festivals turn around patron saints, legends, local customs and folklore. Among the most singular ones stand out theSeville Fair(Feria de Abril in Spanish), theRomera de El RocoinAlmonte,Huelva, the world-famousRunning of the BullsinPamplona, theFallasin Valencia, theTomatinainBuol,Valenciaand theFiestas del PilarinZaragoza.TheCarnivalis also popular all over Spain, but especially in theCanary IslandsandCadiz. There are renowned movie festivals all over the country, the most recognizable being the famousSan Sebastin International Film Festival, theMlaga Spanish Film Festival, theSeminci(ValladolidInternational Film Festival), theMostra de Valenciaand theSitges Film Festival, the world's foremost international festival specializing in fantasy and horror movies. Music festivals includes theSnar, theFIB, theFestimad, thePrimavera Sound, theBilbao BBK Live, theMonegros Desert Festivaland theSOS 4.8.

Several cities have hosted international events: the1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, the1929 Barcelona International Exposition, the1992 Summer Olympics, all in Barcelona, theUniversal fair of 1992in Seville, the2007 America's Cupin Valencia, and theExpo 2008inZaragoza. In addition, some Spanish cities have been or will beEuropean Capital of Culture: Madrid in 1992; Santiago de Compostela in 2000, Salamanca in 2002 and San Sebastin in 2016.

2.6 Nightlife

The nightlife in Spain is very attractive to both tourists and locals. Spain is known to have some of the best nightlife in the world. Big cities such as Madrid and Barcelona are favorites amongst the large and popular discothques. For instance, Madrid is known as the number one party city for clubs such as Pacha and Kapital (seven floors), and Barcelona is famous for Opium and Sutton famous clubs. The discothques in Spain are open until odd hours such as 7am. The Baleraric Islands, such asIbizaandMallorca, are known to be major party destinations, as well as favored summer resort.

Ibiza is a relatively small island and its cities have become world-famous for their associations withtourism,nightlife, and theelectronic musicthe island has originated. It is well known for its summer club scene which attracts very large numbers of tourists, but the island's government and the Spanish Tourist Office have controversially been working to promote more family-oriented tourism. Noted clubs includeSpace,Privilege,Amnesia, Ushuaa,Pacha,DC10, Eden, andEs Paradis. Ibiza is also home to the legendary "port" in Ibiza Town, a popular stop for many tourists and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[10]Majorca or Mallorca (Catalan:Mallorca[mk, mc];Spanish:Mallorca[maorka])[11]is an island located in theMediterranean Sea. It is the largest island in theBalearic Islandsarchipelago, inSpain.

The capital of the island,Palma, is also the capital of theautonomous communityof the Balearic Islands. TheCabrera Archipelagois administratively grouped with Majorca (in the municipality of Palma). The anthem of Majorca isLa Balanguera.

Like the other Balearic Islands ofMinorca,Ibiza, andFormentera, the island is an extremely popular holiday destination, particularly for tourists fromGermany,Ireland,Poland, theScandinavian countries, and theUnited Kingdom. The name derives fromLatininsula maior, "larger island"; laterMaiorica, "the larger one" in comparison to Minorca, "the smaller one".

2.7 Winter tourism Spain, as the second most mountainous country of Europe, is full of high mountains and goodski resorts, with famous ski slopes all over Spain, including thePyrenees, theSistema Central, theSistema IbricoandSierra Nevada. For the most part, the main crest forms a massive divider between France and Spain, with the tiny country ofAndorrasandwiched in between. TheCrown of Aragonand the Kingdom ofNavarrehave historically extended on both sides of the mountain range, with small northern portions now in France and much larger southern parts now in Spain.[12]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" \l "cite_note-13" [13] Sierra Nevada in Spain is a populartouristdestination, as its high peaks makeskiingpossible in one of Europe's most southerlyski resorts, in an area along theMediterranean Seapredominantly known for its warm temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city ofGranadaand, a little further,AlmeraandMlaga.

Parts of the range have been included in theSierra Nevada National Park. The range has also been declared abiosphere reserve. TheSierra Nevada Observatoryis located on the northern slopes at anelevationof 2,800 metres (9,200ft). The Sierra Nevada was formed during theAlpine Orogeny, a mountain-building event that also formed the EuropeanAlpsto the east and theAtlas Mountainsof northern Africa across the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Sierra as observed today formed during thePaleogeneandNeogenePeriods (66 to 1.8 million years ago) from the collision of the African and Eurasiancontinental plates.

2.8 Art and culture, Museums in Madrid

Madrid is considered one of the top European destinations concerning art museums. Best known is theGolden Triangle of Art, located along thePaseo del Pradoand comprising three museums. The most famous one is the Prado Museum, known for such highlights as Diego Velzquez's Las Meninas and Francisco de Goya's La maja vestida and La maja desnuda. The other two museums are the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum, established from a mixed private collection, and the Reina Sofia Museum, where Pablo Picasso's Guernica hangs, returning to Spain from New York after more than two decades.

2.8.1 The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery that features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection. The collection currently comprises around 7,600 paintings, 1,000 sculptures, 4,800 prints and 8,200 drawings, in addition to a large number of works of art and historic documents. El Prado is one of the most visited museums in the world, and it is considered to be among the greatest museums of art. It has the best collection of artworks by Goya,Velzquez,El Greco,Rubens,Titian,Hieronymus Bosch,Jos de RiberaandPatinir; and works byRogier van der Weyden,Raphael Sanzio,Tintoretto,Veronese,Caravaggio,Van Dyck,Albrecht Drer,Claude Lorrain,MurilloandZurbarn, among others. 2.8.2 TheMuseo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofa(MNCARS) is theSpain's nationalmuseumof 20th-centuryart. The museum is mainly dedicated to Spanish art. Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's greatest 20th-century masters,Pablo Picasso,Salvador Dal,Joan Mir,Juan GrisandJulio Gonzlez. Certainly the most famous masterpiece in the museum is Picasso's paintingGuernica. The Reina Sofa also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.[14] 2.8.3 TheThyssen-Bornemisza Museumis an art museum that fills the historical gaps in its counterparts' collections: in the Prado's case this includes Italian primitives and works from theEnglish,Dutchand German schools, while in the case of the Reina Sofia the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection, once the second largest private collection in the world after the BritishRoyal Collection,[15]includesImpressionists,Expressionists, and European and American paintings from the second half of the 20th century, with over 1,600 paintings.[16] TheRoyal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernandocurrently functions as a museum and gallery that houses a fine art collection of paintings from the 15th to 20th centuries:Giovanni Bellini,Correggio,Rubens,Zurbarn,Murillo,Goya,Juan Gris,Pablo Serrano. The academy is also the headquarters of the Madrid Academy of Art.Francisco Goyawas once one of the academy's directors, and, its alumni includePablo Picasso,Salvador Dal,Antonio Lpez Garca,Juan Luna, andFernando Botero.[17]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" \l "cite_note-karaart1-18" [18] The Royal Palace of Madrid the official residence of Juan Carlos I of Spain, but he uses it only for official acts. It is a baroque palace full of artworks is one of the largest European Royal Palaces, which is characterized by its luxurious rooms and its rich collections of armors and weapons, pharmaceutical, silverware, watches, paintings, tapestries and the most comprehensive collection of Stradivarius in the world[19]

2.8.4 TheNational Archaeological Museum of Spaincollection includes, among others,Pre-historic,Celtic,Iberian,GreekandRomanantiquities andmedieval(Visigothic,Muslimand Christian) objects. Highlights include a replica of theAltamiracave (the first cave in which prehistoric cave paintings were discovered),Lady of Elx(an enigmatic polychrome stone bust),Lady of Baza(a famous example of Iberian sculpture),Biche of Balazote(an Iberian sculpture) andTreasure of Guarrazar(a treasure that represents the best surviving group of Early Medieval Christian votive offerings and the high point of Visigothic goldsmith's work).[20] TheMuseum of the Americas(Spanish:Museo de Amrica) is a National museum that holds artistic, archaeological and ethnographic collections from the wholeAmerican continent, ranging from thePaleolithicperiod to the present day. The permanent exhibit is divided into five major thematical areas: an awareness of America, the reality of America, society, religion and communication.[21]2.8.5 TheNational Museum of Natural Sciencesis theNational MuseumofNatural HistoryofSpain. The research departments of the museum are:BiodiversityandEvolutionary Biology,Evolutionary Ecology,Paleobiology,VulcanologyandGeology.[22] TheNaval Museumis managed by the Ministry of Defence. The Museum's mission is to acquire, preserve, investigate, report and display for study, education and contemplation, parts, sets and collections of historical, artistic, scientific and technical related to naval activity in order to disseminate the story sea of Spain; to help illustrate, highlight and preserve their traditions and promote national maritime awareness.2.8.6 TheMonastery of Las Descalzas Realesresides in the former palace of KingCharles I of SpainandIsabel of Portugal. Their daughter,Joan of Austria, founded this convent of nuns of thePoor Clareorder in 1559. Throughout the remainder of the 16th century and into the 17th century, the convent attracted young widowed or spinster noblewomen. Each woman brought with her a dowry. The riches quickly piled up, and the convent became one of the richest convents in all of Europe. It has many works of Renaissance and Baroque art, including a recumbent Christ by Gaspar Becerra, a staircase whose paintings were painted by unknown author (perhaps Velzquez) and they are considered of the masterpieces of Spanish illusionist painting, andBrussels tapestriesinspired by paintings of Rubens.[23]TheMuseum of Lzaro Galdianohouses an encyclopedic collection specializing in decorative arts. Apart from paintings and sculptures it displays 10th-century Byzantine enamel; Arab and Byzantine ivory chests; Hellenistic, Roman, medieval, renaissance, baroque and romantic jewelry;PisanelloandPompeo Leonimedals; Spanish and Italian ceramics; Italian and Arab clothes and a collection of weapons including the sword of PopeInnocent VIII.[24] TheMuseo Nacional de Artes Decorativas(National Museum of Decorative Arts) is one of the oldest museums in the city. It illustrates the evolution of the called "minor arts" (furniture, ceramics and glass, textile, etc.). Its 60 rooms expones 15,000 objects, of the approximate 40,000 which it has.[25] The Museo Nacional del Romanticismo (National Museum of Romanticism) contains a large collection of artefacts and art, focusing on daily life and customs of the 19th century, with special attention to the aesthetics about Romanticism.[26] The Museo Cerralbo houses a private collection of ancient works of art, artifacts and other antiquities collected by Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa, XVII Cerralbo Marquis.[27]2.8.7 TheMuseo Nacional de Antropologa (National Museum of Anthropology) provides an overview of the different cultures in the world, with objects and human remains from around the world, highlighting aGuanchemummy of the island of Tenerife.[28] The Museo Sorolla is located in the building in which the Valencian Impressionist painter had his home and workshop. The collection includes, in addition to numerous works ofJoaqun Sorolla, a large number of objects that possessed the artist, including sculptures byAuguste Rodin.[29]2.9 CaixaForum Madridis a post-modern art gallery in the centre of Madrid. It is sponsored by the Catalan-Balearic bank la Caixa and located next to the Saln del Prado. Although the CaixaForum is a modern building, it also exhibits retrospectives of artists from earlier time periods and has evolved into one of the most visited museums in Madrid. It was constructed by the Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron from 2001 to 2007, which combined an old unused industrial building and hollowed it out at the base and inside and placed on top further floors which are encased with rusted steel. Next to it is an art installation of green plants growing on the wall of the neighbouring house by French botanist Patrick Blanc. The red of the top floors with the green of the wall next to it form a contrast. The green is in reflection of the neighbouring Royal Botanical Gardens.Other art galleries and museums in Madrid include:

Royal Palace of Madrid[30] Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando[17]

HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" \l "cite_note-karaart1-18" [18] National Archaeological Museum of Spain[20] Museum of the Americas[21] National Museum of Natural Sciences[22] Liria Palace Naval Museum[31] Spanish Air Force Museum[32] Monastery of Las Descalzas Reales[23] Museum of Lzaro Galdiano[24] Royal Palace of El Pardo[33] Railway Museum[34] Museum Sorolla[29] CaixaForum Madrid[35]3. Natural and rural tourism

Spain is the third largest country in Europe and has a diverse landscape and, as a result, is often called a miniature continent. Spain is the most mountainous country in Europe after Switzerland, despite the fact that a 45% of its Mainland area is occupied by the Meseta Central ("Inner Plateau"), the high plains of central Spain. The rest of the country is dominated by several Mountain ranges, including peaks that exceed 3,000 meters; significant lowlands and a vast coast, alternating rugged cliffs with sandy beaches, bays, capes and coves. Spain also has two archipelagos with a variety of landscapes, the Balearic Islands with a typical Mediterranean landscape and the diverse Canary Islands. Many indigenous and endemic species owe their current situation to the existence of protected areas with which they try to avoid their decline or extinction. To date, Spain has a total of 15 National Parks, of which 10 are on the mainland, 1 in the Balearic Islands and 4 in the Canary Islands. Spain's most visited National Park is the Teide National Park in the Canary Islands, with 3,142,148 visitors in 2007 and crowned with the third largest Volcano in the world from its base, the Teide, with 3,718 meters above the sea level (also the highest point in Spain). The Teide also has the distinction of being the most visited national park in Europe and second in the world.[36]4. Conclusion5. References http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf

http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/china-worlds-third-most-visited-country-un-2195263.html http://www.webtenerife.com/ http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/es/ "China world's third most visited country: UN". Retrieved26 January2011. Pgina Web Oficial de Turismo de Tenerife; El Teide, el Parque Nacional ms visitado de Espaa El Parque Nacional del Teide Armstrong, Stephen (2006-07-01 Keenan, Steve (July 6, 2009)."Mallorca v Majorca which is correct".The Times(London). Collins Road Atlas of Europe. London: Harper Collins. 1995. pp.2829. http://www.museoreinasofia.es/ Kandell, Jonathan (28 April 2002)."Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection, Dies at 81".The New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2012. Jump up^"Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, official english webpage". http://www.gomadrid.com/museums/bellas-artes.html http://mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es/ http://museocerralbo.mcu.es/ http://mnantropologia.mcu.es/ http://www.museodelferrocarril.org/ 20