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2. Principles of Autoclave Operation

Steam penetrates objects in the autoclave

Condensation creates negative pressure and draws in additional steam

Moist heat kills microorganisms via coagulation of proteins

Two types of autoclaves

1. Gravity isplacement

!. "acuum#Gravity $ssisted

http://ehs.unc.edu/training/self_study/autoclave/container.php?page=4

Prinsip kerja autoclave:

Yaitu dengan memasukkan medium yang ingin disterilkan, selanjutnya penutup otoklaf

dipasang dan sekrup dikencangkan. Keran pengatur tempat keluar uap air dibiarkan tetap

terbuka hingga semua udara terdesak keluar. Apabila sterilisasi telah selesai autoklaf

dibiarkan tekanan turun hingga nol. Kran uap air dibuka secara perlahan. Jangan membuka

kran uap untuk mempercepat turunnya tekanan, tunggu sampai tekanan menunjukkan angkanol.

https://www.academia.edu/6618558/!"#!"$%$"_$%$&

rinsip kerja mikroskop adalah obyek ditempatkan di ruang dua lensa obyektif sehingga

terbentuk bayangan nyata terbalik dan diperbesar. Lensa okuler mempunyai peran

seperti lup, sehingga pengamat dapat melakukan dua jenis pengamatan yaitu dengan

mata tak berakomodasi atau dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum. Pilihan jenis

pengamatan ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara menggeser jarak benda terhadap lensa

obyektif yang dilakukan dengan tombol soft adjustment (tombol halus yang digunakan

untuk menemukan fokus). Kegiatan berikut ini akan memperlihatkan pembentukan

http://ehs.unc.edu/training/self_study/autoclave/container.php?page=4https://www.academia.edu/6618558/PENGENALAN_ALAThttps://www.academia.edu/6618558/PENGENALAN_ALAThttp://ehs.unc.edu/training/self_study/autoclave/container.php?page=4

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bayangan pada mikroskop.

Pembentukan bayangan dengan akomodasi maksimum

Microscopes allow biologists to see single cells and even the organelles that make up

their cellular machinery. %n some ways& the comple' and e'pensive microscopes they use

are like a simple magnifying glass( both tools magnify things by looking at them through

pieces of glass )lens*. The main difference between them is that while a magnifying glass

is made of just a simple lens& today+s microscopes are made of increasingly comple' sets

of lens& and light emission sources. These lens depend on technologies that are at the

cutting edge of our understanding of light& which allow those lens to manipulate what we

see and don+t see.

The basic principle of compound microscopy is that by stacking lens together& it is

possible to see increasingly smaller objects. This is similar to stacking magnifying glasses

on top of each other& but involves much more complicated optics. ,nfortunately& there

are limitations to this system based on the physical properties of light. %n order for an

image to be in there must be enough light entering the eye& and it must be possible to

distinguish between different parts of the image. -ver the past 1 years& three

developments have made it possible to see different aspects of a biological sample.

http://'sp.med.harvard.edu/node/((

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&icrobiology is a science that studies living organisms that are too small to be seen

'ith the naked eye. "eedless to say, such a study must involve the use of a goodcompound microscope. Although there are many types and variations, they allfundamentally consist of a t'o(lens system, a variable but controllable light

source, and mechanical adjustable parts for determining focal length bet'een thelenses and specimen.

http://www).hawaii.edu/*+ohn'/micro/m14,/sylla'us/wee-/handouts/m14,.).4.h

tml

1. edium adalah suatu 'ahan yang terdiri dari campuran 0at0at ma-anan

2nutrisi3 yang diperlu-an mi-roorganisme untu- pertum'uhannya.i-roorganisme memanfaat-an nutrisi media 'erupa mole-ulmole-ul

-ecil yang dira-it untu- menyusun -omponen selhttps://www.academia.edu/661)1/%$$"_&!&$_!79_7$"_" 

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