TPOMTEnbCTBO CHI • T n o B b i u i e H M f i H a n e c T B a -

H C M C T B M B y n p B B n B H M f l H a H B C T B O M

f AKTYAJIbHOCn* nPOEJIEMfel -• • B ycnOBI/iaX pblHOHHOM 3KOHOM14KM KaHeCTBO npoM3BOAHMOM npoAVKUMM m OKasbiBaeMbix yc-nyrflBflfllOTCfl OCHOBHbIMM CfiaKTOpaMU KOHKypeH-Tocnoco6HOCTM npeAnpi/iFiTMM. B nojiHOM Mepe 3T0 OTHOCMTCa H K 6ypOBblM npeAnpMJiTMqM, KO-Topbie npi/io6peTJi CTaiyc caMOCToaienbHbix xo-sflMCTBytoLAnx cy6"beKT0B ciann OAHOBpeMeHHO noABepxeHbi KOHbraHKiype pbiHKa ycnyr no crpo-menbCTBy CKBaxi/iH. Tenepb y x e He rocyflapcTBo B JiMue Mi/iHMCTepcKoro nni/i panroM nonnxe hm-HOBHMKa ycTanaBJinBaeT nnan no 6ypeHnio m on-peAenaei KanecTBO aaKOHHeNHbix CTpoi/iTenb-CTBOM CKBaxnH, a KOHKpeiHbiM noTpe6MTejib. noTpebnTenio x e HyxHa CKBaxMHa, cooTBeicTBy-lOLAafl npoeKiy, a He noAKynaioLuee CBoeM y6eAn-TejibHOCTbKD o6ocHOBaHne reonornMecKMX npn-HMH AonyiAeHHoro 6paKa.

npi/i 3T0M CTpeMnenne k noBbiLueHuro KanecTBa CKBaxnn obycnoBneno, KaK Mi/iHUMyM AByMa cpaKTopaMM.

Bo-nepBbix, b cipyKrype exeroAHbix Kanma-noBnoxehni?! B HectDTera30Ao6biHy Baipaibi na CTpoMienbCTBO CKBaxMH no oueHKaM cneuMann-CTOB AOCTi/irarai 50 % . B nocAeAyraiueM pacxo-Abi Ha noAAepxanne ipebyeMoro KanecTBa CKoaxi/iH cocTasnflioT npi/iMepHO 10-15 % exe-roAHbix cyMMapHbix H3AepxeK Ao5biBaraLAMX npeAnpnsiTMM. TaKi/iM o6pa30M, ynyMLueHi/ie Ka-HecTBa cTpoMie/ibCTBa CKBaxnn — 3to BaxHbiw peaepB noBbimeHMfi npn6bmbH0CTM HecfDiera-30Ao6biBaK)UJ,i4x npeAnpnflTi/iM i/i TpeGoBaiejib-HOCTb K 6ypoBbiM noApaA'^HKaM b OTHOLueHi/in KanecTBa 3aK0HHeHHbix CTponienbCTBOM CKBa-XMH o6beKTMBHO 6yAeT B03pacTaTb. r ipn 3tom npo5neMa CHi/ixeHMfl M3AepxeK Ha CTponienb-CTBO M noAAep>KaHMe lexnnMecKoro coctoahms HectJisHbix cKBaxMH Hen36exHO o6ocTpMTCfl no Mepe naAeHMfl iJ,eH na Hecj3Tb, nocKonbKy coBpe-MeHHbiM MX ypoBehb nop^iAKa 30 p,onn. 3a 6ap-penb aaBbiLueH m o5ycAOBjieH noAHTMHecKi/iMn Ct)aKT0paMM.

Bo-BTopbix, no Mepe yny^uienm 3K0H0MMHec-Koro cocToaHMfl PoccMM 6yAyT noBbiLuaTbcq Tpe6o-BaienbHOCTb rocyAapcTBa m o6LAecTBeHHOCTM k o6ecneHeHHK3 6e3onacHOCTH npoM3BOACTBeHHOi?i AeflTenbHOCTM. CKBaXMHbl npeAHasHaneHbi p,nff MCnonb30BaHMfl CBOMCTB HeAP, M KaHeCTBO CKBa-xMH, B OTfiMHMe OT p^Aa ApyrMX coopyxeHMM, HanpaMyra onpeAenaeT CTenenb mx TexHorenno-ro B03AeMCTBMfl Ha OKpyxaraiuyKD npMpoAHyra cpeAy. 3Ta cneuMCJDMKa CKBaxMH noKa HeAooiJ,e-HMBaeTCfl, HO CO BpeMeneM mx 6e3onacHOCTb 6yAeT paccMaTpMoaTbCfl b nonnoM o6beMe, a ne TOnbKO KaK OTCyTCTBMe c6p0C0B, Bbl5p0C0B M

B . M . E a f l a 6 a , AOU,. p r y HectsTM

M rasa mm. M.M. ry6KMHa, K.T.H.

4)0HTaH0B. riosTOMy KanecTBO cKBaxMHbi Bce npMCTanbHee 6y-AeT paccMaTpMBaTbCfl B KOHTeKCTe o6ecne-HeHMa npoMbiLuneH-HOM M 3KOnorMHeCKOM 6e3onacHOCTM.

GOCrOHHMEnPOEJIEMbl npo6neMa noBbiiueHMa KanecTBa b 6ypeHMM

HenpexoAfiiqa, eM nocBfliAeHbi MHoroMMcnennbie MccneAoeaHna OTpaxaraiAMe paa/iMHHbie tohkm 3peHMfl OTHOCMTenbHO norpebMienbCKMX cbomctb (KanecTBa) CKBaxMH. OAHaKoaa MHorMe ascfitm-nej\A9\M MeTOAMHeCKMM nOAXOA K peLueHMKD npo5neMbi KanecTBa b 6ypeHMM, b ot-nMHMe ot pPAa ApyrMX orpacneM npoMbiiuneHHO-CTM, ocranca npexHMM.

TaK, 6onee 20 n e i Hasan b pa6oTe [1] npeAno-xeHbi 9 KpMTepMeB oueHKM KanecTBa crpoMTenb-CTBa pasBeAOHHbix m 3KcnnyaTau,M0HHbix CKsaxMH Ha Hec(DTb M ra3 :̂

• o6ecneHeHMe npeAycMOTpennoM reonoro-TexHMHecKMM Hap^AOM HopMbi OT5opa Kepna;

• npoBeAeHMe b CKBaxMHe b onTMManbHbie CpOKM B CTporOM COOTBeTCTBMM C TeXHMHeCKMMM ycnoBMqMMo5a3aTenbHoroAnsi AaHHbix (KOHKpeT-Hbix) ycnoBMM KOMnneKca npoMbicjiOBO-reo0M3M-HecKMX MccneAOBaHMM M ero i/iHTepnpeTauMa;

• McnbiTaHMe (onpo6oBaHMe) b npoLJ,ecce 5y-peHMfl Bcex noTenuManbHO HecfjTeraaoHOCHbix ro-PM30HT0B, nepcneKTMBHbix M Heo6xoAMMbix Ann onpeAeneHM^ BOAOHecJDTaHoro KOHTaKTa MHTep-BanoB, nnacTOMcnbiTaTeneM na Tpy6ax m̂ m onpo-GoBareneM na Ka6ene;

• HeAonymeHMe npeBbimeHMa npoeKTHoro ot-KnOHeHMa CTBOna CKBaXMHbl OT BepTMKajlM M̂ M CMeLueHMFi 3a5o« CKBaxMHbi ot npoeKTa 6onbwe AonycTMMbix npeAenoB cornacHO cbtkm pa3pa-60TKM MecTopoxAeHM^;

• obecneneHMe naAexHOCTM KpennehMa ctbo-na CKBaxMHbi m pa3o5LAeHMfl n/iacTOB, neAony-LAeHMe ycjioxHeHMfl KOHCTpyKui/iM CKBaxMHbi no npMHMHaM, He CBfl3aHHblM C HeAOCTaTOHHOM M3y-HeHHocTbio reonorMHecKoro paspesa;

' HpM anajiiise 3tom pa5oTbi mm npennoJiarajiM, ^to nofl TepMMHOM «KpMTepMM OLi;eHKM Ka

8 YnpaBneHMe KanecTBOM h MeHefl>KMeHT C O H r * 3 - 2 0 0 3

• BCKpbiTwe npoAyKTMBHoro nnacTa Ha nonnyKD MOLUHOCTb c yneTOM reono-ro-ctDi/i3MHecKnx oco6eHHOCTeM KOiiJieK-TOpa M CjDM3HK0-XMMMHeCKl/IX CBOMCTB HacbiLuatoLUMX ero xmakoctcm m rasa;

• MCnblTaHMe CKBaXMHbl TpaAMUMOH-HbiMM MeTOAaMM Hoc^e ycTanoBneHMS npOAyKTMBHOCTM ropM30HTa Tpy6HblMM nnacTOMcnbiTaTen^MM (onpo6oBaTena-MM Ha Ka6ene) m̂ m pasAenbHoe ocBoe-HMe OTAenbHbix nnacTOB m npocnoeB, HeoAHopoAHbix no ceoeM ̂ MTO/iorMHec-KOM xapaKTepMCTMKe, KOnneKTOpCKMM CBOMCTBaM, Cf)M3MK0-XMMMHeCK0M Xa-paKTepMCTMKe HacbiLuaioLueM KOJineKTop xmakoctm;

• nMKBMAaUMa M̂ M KOHCepBaUMfl CKBaxMH B Heo6xoAMMbix cnynasx no OKOHHaHMM M̂ M B npOLJ,eCCe CTpOMTeAb-CTBa B CTporoM COOTBeTCTBMM c cyLue-CTByioLUMMM Tpe6oBaHMflMM, o5ecne-HMBaraiAMMM oxpany OKpyxaraiueM cpeAbi M HeAP, 5e3onacHOCTb nacene-Hm, a npM KOHcepsauMM - laKxe co-XpaHHOCTb CKBaXMHb! Ha Bce BpeMfl KOHcepBauMM;

• oxpana OKpyxaraiueM cpeAbi ot BpeAHOrO B/lM^HMfl pa50T, CBflSaHHblX c nonbsOBaHMeM neApaiviM, m npMBeAenwe seMeribHbix ynacTKOB, HapyiuenHbix npM 3T0M, B cocToaHMe, npMroAHoe p.n^ mc-nonbBOBaHMfl MX B HapOAHOM XOBflMCTBe.

KaK BMAMM, B npMBeAeHHOM nepen-He BoeAMHO CBeAeHbi, no MenbiiieM Mepe, TpM pasHbie rpynnbi xapaKrepMC-TMK. TaK, OTKTlOHeHMe CTBOna CKBaXMHbl OT BepTMKariM mtim CMeiueHMe ee 3a6ofl — 3T0 noKasaTenb KanecTBa CKBaxMHbi, npM4eM MHCTpyMeHTanbHO MSMepae-MbiM. Hto Kacaercfi, nanpMMep, npo-BeAeHMfl B CKBaXMHe npoMbicnoBO-reocJjMBMsecKMX i/iccjieAOBaHMM, to 3to nojioxeHMe moxho paccMaTpMBarb c AByX TOHeK BpeHMa.

Bo-nepBbix, KaK oSecnenenMe Kane-CTBa CKBaXMHbl. Ecm npoMbicnoBO-reo-cfiMBMHecKMe MccneAOBaHMfl, HanpMMep MHKJlMHOMeTpMfl, npOBOAATCfl B HeAOCTa-TOHHOM o6beMe MJiM HeKanecTBeHHO, to o6ecneHMTb npoeKTHyraTpaeKTopMraocM CKBaXMHbl TpyAHO.

Bo-BTopbix, eĉ M npoMbicnoBO-reo-CfjMBMHeCKMe MCCAeAOBaHMH HeBOBMOX-Hbi M̂ M BarpyAHeHbi, nanpMMep, sa cneT BaiUnaMneHHOCTM CTBOJia CKBaXMHbl, TO 3T0 ̂ BflfleTCn CBMAeTenbCTBOM He3C()0eK-TMBHOCTM TeXHO^OrMM npOMblBKM CKBa-XMHbl. ripM 3T0M BaKOHMeHHafl CTpOM-TenbCTBOM CKBaXMHa MOXeryAOBTieTBO-pnTb BCeM KpMTepMSM KaHecTBa.

TaKMM o6pa30M, b pa6oTe [1] ne paBAeneHbi ABa noHSTMa - «KaMecTB0 npouecca CTpoi/iTenbCTBa CKBaxMHbi» m

«KaHeCTB0 BaKOHSeHHOM CTpOl/ITenb-CTBOM CKBaXMHbl». KpOMe TOrO, KaHe-CTBO o5beKTa HepaBpbiBHO CB^Bano c ero HaBHaneHMeM. no3TOMy npMseAen-Hbie BblLUe KpMTepMM AOnXHbl 6blTb pa3-AeneHbi Ha o6in,^e m cneunanbHbie, ot-paxaraiAi/ie cneuMc})MKy paBBeAOHHbix m 3KCnnyaTaUM0HHblX CKBaXMH.

B coBpeMeHHOM pa6oTe [2] panxM-pOBaHHblM p̂ A OCHOBHblX C})aKTOpOB, B^MflraiAMx na KanecTBO CKBaxMHbi, on-peAenen mcxoa^ h3 ocHOBHbixTpe6oBa-HMM, npeAbflBnaeMbix k CKBaxMhe KaK k ct)yHKLJ,MOHanbHOMy TexHMHecKOMycpeM-crBy(BbiAeneno aBTopoM) necfDreraaoAO-6biHM. 3TMTpe6oBaHMq MoryT5biTb non-HOCTbra oxBaneHbi npM mx npeACTaBne-HMM no AByM HanpaBfieHM^M:

1 - obecneneHMe ycnoBMM KanecTBa BCKpbiTMfl npoAyKTMBHoro nnacTa;

2 - oGecneneHMe 4DyHKLJ,M0HanbH0M HaAeXHOCTM CKBaXMHbl.

rio MHeHMio aBTopoB yKasaHHOM pa-6oTbi, 3TM HanpasneHMfl JienfiraTcsi, b ko-HeHHOM MTore, ochobhbimm, nocKonbKy OHM XapaKTepMByraT KOHTaKT CKBaXMHbl KaK TexHMMecKoro cpeACTBa necfiTeAO-6biHM c npMpoAOM B BMAe ropHbix nopoA C MX CpMBMKO-MexaHMHeCKMMM M XMMM-HeCKMMM CBOMCTBaMM.

B OTflMHMe OT pa6oTbi [1], BAeCb MBHa-ManbHO onpeAeneHO, hto paccMaTpMBa-KDTca ct}aKTopbi, B^MaroiAMe Ha KanecTBO CKBaXMH, a He C06cTBeHH0 KpMTepMM (noKasaTeriM) KanecTBa CKBaxMHbi. flpM 3T0M KanecTBO CKBaXMHbl npeACTaBne-Ho KaK coHCTaHMe Asyx KOMnneKCHbix clDaKTopoB: KanecTBO BCKpbiTMq npoAyK-TMBHoro nnacTa m cjDyHKUMOHanbHaa na-AeXHOCTb CKBaXMHbl. CMblCJl, BKJiaAbl-BaeMblM B 3TM KOMnneKCHbie CJDaKTOpbl, CTanoBMTca noHfliHbiM MCXOA^ MB ne-peHHa Mep, oGecneHi/iBaroiAMX mx ao-CTMXeHMe. •

flna BbinonneHMfl Tpe6oBaHMM no nepBOMy nanpaBAeHMK) Heo6xoAMMo:

• npMMeneHMe TexHonori/iM 6ype-HMfl, aAeKBaTHbix reonoro-cfjMBMMec-KMM CBOMCTBaM npoAYKTMBHoro nAacTa M coBAaraiAMX onTMManbHyK) nosepx-HOCTb Apenaxa na rpaHMue CKBaxMHa-njiacT (reoMeTpMR coneTaHMa CKBaxMHbi c nnacTOM M T.A.);

• coxpaneHMeKonneKTopcKMXCBOMaa npoAyKTMBHoro nnacTa (obecneseHMe HyneBoro CKMH-3C})c}3eKTa);

• npMMeneHMe HaBMrauMOHHbix CMC-TeM Â ^ BbinOAHeHMfl BaAaHHOM CeTKM paBMeiAeHMfi Ba6oeB CKBaxMH b coot-BeTCTBMM c npoeKTOM paBpa6oTKM HecjD-TeraBOBOM nnoiAaAM (Kpyr AonycKa — Ana BepTMKanbHbix m KopMAop AonycKa Ana ropMBOHTanbHbix CKBaxMn).

no BTopoMy HanpaBneHMKD b KaMe-CTBe nepBOCTeneHHbix BbiAenenbi;

• McnonbBOBaHMe 3KcnnyaTaLi,M0H-HOM KonoHHbi MaKCMManbHoro AnaMer-pa (c yneTOM npoHHOCTM, bkohommhho-CTM M Heo6xOAMMOM AOnrOBeMHOCTM);

• o6ecneHeHMe npoeKTHOM TpaeKTo-PMM CKBaXMHbi;

• BbinonneHMe ycnoBMM repMeTMH-HOCTM KOnOHHbi;

• BbinonneHMe ycnoBMM nposHOCTM KpenM (o6caAHOM KonoHHbi b conera-HMM C UeMeHTHbIM KOnbLJ,OM).

KaxAaa ms nepeHMcnennbix Bbiiue no-BMUMM BKJIKDMaeTLienblM KOMnneKCTeXHO-norMMecKMX napaMeTpoB, oueHKa koto-pbix Aonxna npoMBBOAMTbCfi c yneTOM CfDaKTMHeCKM CnOXMBLUMXCa B AaHHblX KOHKpeTHbix ycnoBM^x pMCKa no KanecTBy MX BbinonHeHMfl [2]. llpeACTaBneHHbiM Ha6op MeponpMSTMM, no MHeHMra aBTO-poB ASHHOM pa6oTbi, fiBn^eTca mmhm-ManbHO Heo6xOAMMblM M AOCTaTOHHbIM Ana oeecneMeHMfl KaHecTBa BaKOHHeHHOM CTpOMTenbCTBOM CKBaXMHbl.

TaKMM o6paBOM, cornacHO [2] CKBa-XMHa npeACTaBnaeT co6om TexHMnec-Koe cpeACTBO, (jDyHKUMonanbHaa na-AexHOCTb KOToporo onpeAenaercfl tom ero HacTbKD, KOTopaa pacnonoxena naA npoAyKTMBHbiM nnacTOM. TaKOM noAXOA npeACTaBnaeTCfl naM ne Bnonne onpaB-AaHHbiM, nocKonbKy naAexHOCTb nio6o-ro TexHMHecKoro cpeACTBa, GeaycnoBHo, onpeAenaeTCfl naAexnocTbK) Bcex ero BneMeHTOB. flpM BTOM BHaHMMOCTb 3TMX 3neMeHT0B M0XeT6blTb paBHOM. no3TO-My npM ananMBe naAexHOCTM CKsaxMHbi cneAyeT paccMaTpMBarb Bce aneMehTbi. TaK, OAHMM MB caMbix pacnpocTpaneH-Hbix aBneHMM B npoMbicnoBOM npaKTMKe fiBnaK3TCFi saKonoHHbie neperoKM (pn\o-MAOB MB-sa HerepMeTMHHOCTM KpenM CKBaXMHbl. 3tot , a raKxe pf\p, ApyrMX cfDaKTopoB, o6ycnoBnMBaiOLAMX Kane-CTBO CKBaXMHbl, He yHTeHbi, nocKonbKy peHb MAeT TonbKO o BbinonneHMM ycno-BMM repMeTMMHOCTM KOnOHHbl.

B BaKnraneHMe, o6paTMMcq k pa6oTe [3] , B KOTOpOM, nOA KaMeCTBeHHO nocT-poeHHOM CKBaxMHOM HpeAnoxeHO no-HMMaTb 6bicTpyK) M 6e3aBapMMHyK3 npo-BOAKy CTBona b BaAannoM nanpaBnennM npM MMHMManbHbix penpeccMax na npo-xoAMMbie nnacTbi, npM McnonbBOBani/iM cooTBeTCTByraiAMX AaHHOMy MHTepBany 6ypeHMH npoMbiBOHHbixxMAKOcreM; na-Aexnyra m AonroBpeMennyto Kpenb, mc-KnranaraLAyra MexnnacroBbie neperoKM m HerepMeTMMHOCTb KonoHH; ocropoxHoe, BbicoKonpocjDeccMOHanbHoe BCKpbiTMe npoAyKTMBHbix ropMBOHTOB KaK npM nep-BMHHOM BCKpblTMM — npM 6ypeHMM, TaK M

H M C O H r < 3 - 2 0 YnpaBneHHe KOMecTBOM h MeHeflXMGHT

npn BTopMHHOM — npn nepctDopaunn. Flo cyiM - 3T0 Ha6op noxenaHMM, KOTopbie, MOXHO o6o6LUMTb OAHOM c|3pa30M: «Ka-HecToeHHOM mn^eica BbicoKonpocjDeccM-onanbHO nocTpoeHHafl CKBaxnHa».

Us npeAciaBneHHoro Bbime BecbMa 6er/ioro ahannsa moxho CAenaib Bbi-BOA, "HTO cyLAecTByraiAMe npeACTasneHMfi o KaMecTBe CKBaxnn b u,enoM 5eccMaeM-Hbi, MeTOAOJiorMHecKM He BbiBepeHbi. 3to npeAonpeAeJiaei Heo6xoAHMOCTb McnoAbsoBaHM^ B 6ypeHMM coBpeMen-Hbix nonoxennM nayKM o KaMecTBe.

npo6jieMa noBbiLueHMfi KanecTBa b 6ypeHMn AOCTaioHHO o6beMHa n mho-ronnaHOBa, noaroMy paccMorpnM ni/iLUb HeKOTopbie KntoneBbie ee aneMeHTbi.

ynPABJIEHME KAHECIBOM MnpoBOM onbiT noKasbiBaei, hto na-

nOonbLiJMW BcjDcjDeKT B HfiaHe noBbiLue-HM^ KanecTBa npoAyKunn AaioT ne ot-AenbHbie HOBOBBeAeHMa, a KOMnneKC B3anMoyBfl3aH>Hbix Meponpi/i^THM — yn-paBJieHMG KanecTBOM. 05LAenpn3HaHHbiM KOMnneKC MAew, opraHH3aunoHHbix, MeTOAMHeCKMX M TeXHMHeCKMX MeTOAOB M npweMOB ynpaBneHMfl KanecTBOM 3a-Kpennen MexAynapoAHOM opraHi/iaaun-ew no CTaHAapTM3auMM (MCO) b BHAe CiaHAapTOB Ha cucTeMbi ynpaBJiennn Ka-HecTBOM (cTaHAapibi MCO cepnn 9000) . HanMHi/ie Ha npeAnpnaTMH cncTeMbi ynpaBnenna KanecTBOM, cepTMc)DMUn-pOBaHHOM Ha COOTBeTCTBI/ie AaHHbIM CTaHAapTaM, ciano o6LAenpn3HaHHOM rapaHTweM ycTOWHMBOCTM KaMecTBennbix noKasaTeneM npoAyKLj,m/i mtim OKasbiBa-GMbix ycnyr n nx TOHHoro cooTseTCTBnq Tpe60BaHM3M 3aKa3MMKa.

B HacTOSLuee BpeMs ycTanoBneHbi TaKxeTpe6oBaHMfl K cMcieMaM ynpaBne-HMfl oxpanoM OKpyxatomew cpeAbi (cTaHAapibi MCO cepni/i 14000), 5e30-nacHOCTbio TpyAa m npoMbimneHHOM 6e-3onacHOCTbio (ciaHAapTbi cepnn OHSAS 18000). 3th CMCTeMbi ynpaBJienna npe-AycMOTpeHbi B CTaHAapTax MCO cepnn 9000, ocHOBaHbi na tom x e i/ifleonornM n CJDaKTMHeCKH ^B f̂llOTCa HOACMCTeMaMU ynpaBfieHHa KanecTBOM. B HacToaiAee BpeMa MexAynapoAHaa opraHnaaunfl no cTaHAapTM3aLj,Mn ocyiuecTB^aeT noA-roTOBKy K nepexoAy na cucreMy ciaHAap-TOB cepMH 1/IC019000, obbeAHHyiioLAyio ipeboBaHna KynpasneHi/iio KaneciBOM i/i 3KonornHecKOM 6e3onacHOCTbio.

CepTMCfiMKaunfl CMCieM ynpaBnenna no ipeboBannaM MexAynapoAHbix m rapMOHM3HpOBaHHblX C HMMM pOCCHMC-KHX CiaHAapTOB — BaxHeMLuee ycnoBi/ie BxoxAeHMH npeAnpufliMM Hec(DTera30-BO\A oipacnn B eAUHoe MnpoBoe 3koho-

MHHecKoe npocipancTBO. 3to BaxHO, npexAe Bcero, b cbsbm c npi/ibnuxaio-LAMMca BciynAeHi/ieM Poccmm bo Bce-Mnpnyio loproByio opraHi/iaaunio. f lpn OTCyiCTBm/l CepTMC[)MIJ,HpOBaHHOM CMC-leMbi ynpaBneHMfl KaneciBOM oiene-CTBeHHbie 6ypoBbie npeAnpnaina ne CMoryi cociaBnib KOHKypeHu,Mio 3apy-6exHbiM 6ypoBbiM noAP^AHUKaM Aaxe no cj3opManbHbiM npn3HaKaM.

TeHAenuMfl paBBMiMS cucieM ynpaB-jieHMfl KaseciBOM saKmoHaeica b ne-yKJioHHOM nepeMeiAennn ynpaB/ienna KanecTBOM c aaKnioHMieAbHOM ciaAnn npoM3BOACiBa na see 6onee pannne, ox-BaibiBaji Becb ee xM3HeHHbiM umkji. B HacTOflLAee BpeMfl HapaAycKKOHuenuM-ev\B MCO cepnn 9000 aomi/i-HupyeicoBpeMeHHaH MOAenb ynpaBJie-Hm KaneciBOM, nonyHUBLua^i naBBanne BceobiAero ynpaBAeHna KaneciBOM -TQM (Total Quality Management). Bax-HO OTMeiMTb, HTO K0HI4enU,MM TQM n MCO He lonbKO He MCKnioHaioi Apyr Apyra, a nanpoiHB - Bsai/iMOAonon-HHioi. CiaHAapibi MCO ycianaBnuBaioi onpeAeneHHbiM MMHUMyM TpebosaHMM, KOTopbiM Aonxen 6biib co6nioAeH p.n9 oGecneneHi/ifl KanecTBa m perynnpoBa-HM3 OTHOLUeHMM MexAy npOMBBOAHie-neM M noipebmeneM npoAyKum/i. Koh-u,enu,na x e TQM npeAnasHaneHa lonbKO A/ia BHyipeHHUx HyxA npoMBBOAniena. B oinnHne 01 ciaHAapioB MCO, ona ne orpaHMMMBaeicfl cipornMH ipeboBaHH-flMM, a npeAociaBnaei npouBBOAHie-n9iM LunpoKi/iM Ha6op KOHKpeiHbix noA-XOAOB M MeiOAOB A^ifl BbinonneHMFi Tpe6oBaHi/ii?i, yciaHOBneHHbix ciaHAap-laMi/i MCO.

B 3apy6exHOM npaKii/iKe ynpaBjienne KaneciBOM CKBaxnn b BeAyiAnx Hecf)ie-raBOBbix KOMnaHMfix ocymeciBJifleica nocpeACiBOM McnonbBOBaHna MHierpn-poBaHHOM CucieMbi ynpaBneni/ia Kane-CTBOM, OXpanOM BAOpOBbS, leXHMKOM 6eBonacHociM m 3KonorneM — QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Ecology). Ona BK/iranaeicoBOKynHOCib BBai/iMoyBJisaH-Hbix noAcucieM ynpaBneni/i?! [4]:

• KanecTBOM - QMS (Quality Mana-gement System);

• 5e3onacHOCibK3 cipomexibCTBa CKoaxMH — (HSE); • ;i

• lexHUKOM 5eBonacHOCTM SMS (Sa-fety Management System);

• MHXMHl/ipHHrOM CKBaXl/IH - WEMS (Well Engineering Management System).

Hio Kacaeicfl poccni^cKOki.^npaKinKM, 10, HecMoipji Ha nani/iHue 3apy5exHbix ananoroB cucieM noBbiiueHUfl KaneciBa KaK HenocpeAciBeHHO B 6ypeHi/in, laK m b 6nnBKHx no ycnoBi/i^M oipaaiax nponB-

BOACiBeHHOHAefiiejibHocin,OTeHeciBeH-Hafl CMCieMa o6ecneMeHMfl KaneciBa CKBa-x n n AO CMX nop He paBpaGoiaua.

QieAyei noAMepKnyib, hio Aaxe npn HannMMM MeiOAMMeCKMX pyKOBOACIB, paspaboiaHHbix na ocHOBe MexAynapoA-Hbix ciaHAapioB, M cfiyHKi4noHMpoBaHMn Bapy6exHbix ananoroB eAUHoro mabno-na A/ia coBAaHna cucieMbi ynpaBneHwa KaneciBOM b 6ypeHMM 6biib ne Moxe i . TaKaacncTeMacTporocnei4M4)HHHa. Mhn-MM cnoBaMM, CKonbKO 6ypoBbix npeA-npufiTMM - CTonbKO n ci/iaeM ynpaBJieni/iq KaneciBOM. Eauhbimm AonxHbi 6bi ib lepMi/iHonornfl, c ipyKiypa, nori/inecKaa opraHMBau,i/ifl, MeioAbi m cpeAciBa, l o ecib MeTOMonomi/i ynpsBneHi/ia Kane-CTBOM CKBa>Kl4H. HOCKO^bKy C03AaH|/ie cuciBMbi ynpaBneHMfl KaneciBOM b 6y-penni/i HaHMHaeica npaKinnecKM c nyna, 10 cyiAeciByei noipeGnocib npexAe Bcero B pa3pa6oiKe MeioAonoruM yn-paBneHUfl KanecTBOM b 6ypeHMH.

B Hucne o6lahx BonpocoB BaxHO pe-LUMib, B KaKOM HanpaBjieHUM cneAyei cocpeAoioHMib ycunnfl:cpaBy paBpa6a-TbiBaib M BHeApaib MHierpupoBaHHyra CMCieMy ynpaBneHUfl KaneciBOM b 6y-peHMH, nubo coBAaBaib noc/ieAOBaienb-Ho CMCieMbi ynpaBneHUfi KaneciBOM, oxpaHOM OKpyxaraiAeM cpeAbi n 6eB0-nacHocibio ipyAa n npoMbiiuneHHOM 5eBonacHOCTbK3 c nocAeAyioiAUM i/ix MHierpMpoBaHneM b cucieMy ynpaB-neHna KanecTBOM. flepBbiM Bapi/iaHiHaM-6onee 3c)Dc|DeKinBeH c tohkh speHUH co-KpaiAeHUFi cpoKOB coBAaHMsq cucieMbi, HO ipe6yei o i pyKOBOACiBa n cneunaAM-ciOB 5ypoBoro npeAnpi/iaiMa MaKCM-Ma/ibHOM KOHuenipauMM CMn i/i cpeAciB Ha ero ocyiAeciBneHne. YHmbiBafl oicyi-ciBue oieneciBeHHoro onbiia, npeAnoH-imenbHbiM Ana Hamux npeAnpHJiiMM flBnaeicfl B iopoi i Bapi/iani. Oh xotji \A pacianyi bo BpeMenn, ho noBBonaei no-AOMiM K BHeApeHi/ira cjieAyraiuMx CMCieM ynpaBnennH nocne npaKinnecKOM anpo-6au,HM npeAbiAyiAnx, c yseiOM npno6pe-leHHoro onbiia. 3toi nyib yxe ncnonbBy-eiCH B HecjDieraBOBOM KOMnneKce Poccmm, B MacTHOciM, B OAO «THK-HflraHb» [5].

c M c n i M H U K n o n x o n BEYPEHMM CipoMiejibciBO CKBaXMHbl npeAciaB-

naei cqSom cjioxHbiM npoMBBOACiBen-HbiM npouecc, cneuMcJjMKa Koioporo co-CTOMT B TOM; MTO OCHOBHbie leXHOnOrM-necKMe onepau,MM coBepiuaioicji b HeApax. 3 i o o6ycAOBnMBaeT npeBBbi-HaMHO LUMpoKoe pa3HOo6paBMe ycno-BMM cipoMienbCTBa ckbbxmh, Bepoai-HOCTHblM XapaKTep ASMCTByKDIAMX cfjaK-

1 0 YnpaBJieHHe KOMecTBOM m MeHGAXMeHT C O H r « 3 - 2 0 0 3

TopoB M Heo6xoAHMOCTb npHHSTi/ifl pe-LueHUM 8 ycAOBMax HeonpeAeneHHOCTH, aenaKDiAewcfl, npexAe ecero, cjieACTBH-eM HeAOCTaiKa AOCToeepHOM MHc})opMa-uni/i o HGApax.

MeTOAonornHecKOM ochobom peme-HMH TaKoro poAa npo6jieM ^B/iaeTca cm-cieMHbiM aHaAM3, npeAcraBrifiioLAUM co-6oi^ coBOKynHOCTb HayMHbix MeiOAOB m npaKTMHecKnx npneMOB peujeHna npo-dneM B ycnoBMJix HeonpeAeneHHOc™. B LUMpOKOM CMblCneiepMHH «CHCTeMHbM aHann3» MHorAa ynoTpe6jiqioT KaK cm-HOHWM CMCTeMHoro HOAXOAa — HanpaB-neum MeroAonorMH HayHHoro no3Ha-HMfl H C014MaJlbH0M npaKTHKH, B OCHOBG KOToporo A e x m MCcneAOBaHMe o5beK-TOB KaK cucieM. CMcreMHbiM noAxoA opueHTMpyei MCcneAOBaiejifl na pac-KpbiTi/ie uenocTHocTM o5beKTa, na bbijib-neHne MHoroo6pa3Hbix ti/ihob CBaseM b HeM 1/1 CBeABHi/ie mx b eAMHyra leopeiM-MecKyra KapiMHy. ripaKTMsecKMM Bonno-LAeHneM CMcreMHoro noAxoAa flBnaeTca ynpaBneHMe KaHeciBOM.

ripoGneMa Mcnojib30BaHMfl cucieM-Horo noAXOAa npn paapaGoiKe Mecio-poxAeHMM HecjjTM M rasa He aBnaerca HOBOM. 3T0My Bonpocy nocBaiAeH, b HaCTHOCTM, c6opHMK HayHHblX TpyAOB [6] , B KOTopoM paccMaipuBaraTCfl o6-LAi/ie MeiOAonorMHecKi/ie noAXOAbi k hc-cneA0BaHMK3 aanexew HecfDin m rasa KaK CMcreM. Hto Kacaeica HenocpeACTBeHHO CTpOMTenbCTBa CKBaXHH, TO CUCTeMHbie MccneAOBaHna b 6ypeHt̂ M hocht cfipar-MeHTapHbiM xapaKiep m npoBOA^ica b flByx HanpaBneHnax: o6ocHOBaHMe o6-LUMX nonoxeHi/iM CMCTeMHoro noAXOAa b 6ypeHHM M peiueHMe nacTHbix saAan, KacaraiAMXcfl, KaK npaBi/ino, npouecca MexaHMHecKoro 5ypeHna uni/i bobhmk-HOBeHna aBapi/iM. B uenoM 3to cootbct-CTByeTobiAeHayHHOM MeioAonornn nc-cneAOBaHMfl - «ot obiAero k MacTH0My» M «0T HacTHoro K o6LAeMy». OAHaKO ca-MblM CJia5blM BBeHOM CMCTeMHblX MC-c/ieAOBaHMi?i B 6ypeHi/iM ABn^eTC^ i/iMeH-Ho BsanMoyBflSKa obmero n nacTHoro. TaK, Hai/i5oAee hoaho npouecc 5ypeHMiq c noBHUMM CMCTeMHoro noAXOAa pac-CMOTpen B MOHOrpac})!/!!/! [7] B BMAe 6A0K-CXeMbl B3aMMOCB!R3M o6beKTOB ynpasneHMfl 6ypoBbiM npoueccoM: paa-pyiueHMe nopoAbi na 3a6oe; yAaneHwe LUAaMa c 3a6ofl; yp,aneHV\e lunaMa m3 CTBona CKBaxMHbi; ycnosm OTpa6oTKM AOJiOTa; pexMM pa6oTbi rMApaBAnnec-Koro ABuraTeAfl; pexnM pa5oTbi 6y-punbHOM KOnOHHbi; COCTOflHUe CTBona CKBaxuHbi. OAHaKO CTpyKTypa npouec-ca crpoMTenbCTBa CKsaxuHbi KaK cucTe-Mbi AO CMX nop He paapaGoTana.

CucTeMHbiM anaAna coctout us AByx OCHOBHblX HacieM - 3KcnepTHoro Hecjjop-MaAH30BaHHoro anaAnsa m MaTeMaTH-HecKoro3KcnepMMeHTa. fpannua MexAy 3TMMI/I HacT^MM noABUXHa M no Mepe CfjOpMaAMSaUMM COOTBeTCTByraiAI/lX co-AepxarenbHbix npoueAyp nocTenenno CMeLqaeTca b o6nacTb 3KcnepTHoro ana-AMsa. CuaeMHbie nccneAOBanna b 6ype-HMH cocpeAOToneHbi, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M, B o6nacTi/i 3KcnepTHoro HecfjopManM-30BaHHoro anaAnaa. 3to , KaK yxe noA-HepKMBanocb, o6ycnoBneHO npenMy-lAecTBeHHO CTOxacTunecKOM npMpoAOM 6onbLiJHHCTBa npoueccoB b 6ypeHnn KaK cneACTBi/ie, neBoaMOXHOCTbio Ae-TepMMHupoBaHHo yHecTb Bce MHoroo6-pasi/ie BsanMOAeMCTBua TexHonornHec-Knx npoueccoB m reonornHecKOM cpeAbi. MexAy TeM, AocioBepnoe cfDopManMBO-BaHHoe onucani/ie o6beKTOB ynpaBAeni/ia ABnaeTC^ OAHUM m Heo6xoAHMbix ycno-BMM cf)opMMpoBaHMfi CMCTeMbi ynpaB-neHMa KanecTBOM. B nacToaiAee BpeM^ 6naroAapfl pasBMTMK) cpeACTB reonoro-TexHonorMHecKoro KOHTponfi o6beM m KaHecTBO MHcf)opMauMM, nonynaeMoi?! b npouecce 6ypeHMfl, cyLuecTBeHHO Bbi-pOCnM. COOTBeTCTBeHHO paCLAMpMnMCb B03M0XH0CTM C03AaHMa 0OpManM3O-BaHHbix MOAenei?! o5beKTOB ynpaBnenMH, aAeKBaTHbix KOHKpeTHbiM ropHO-reono-rMMecKMM ycnoBMfiM. B cboio onepeAb, 3T0 co3AaeT npeAnocbinKM p.m npeA-CTBBneHMfl npoM3BOACTBeHHoro npo-uecca CTpoMTenbCTBa cKsaxMHbi m co5-CTBeHHO CKBaxMHbi B BMfle CMCTeM.

CKBA3KMIIAKAK FOPHOnXHMMEOCOE COOPySKEHME

B ocHOBe CMCTeMHoro ananMaa nexMT noHJiTMe CMCTeMbi KaK coBOKynnocTM 3ne-MeHTOB (o6beKTOB, cy6beKT0B), naxoflq-LflMxca Mexfly co6oi?i b onpefleneHHOM aaBMCMMOCTM M COCTaBnfliOLAMX HeKOTO-poe eflMHCTBO (ue/iocTHOCTb), HanpaB-neHHoe na flocTMxenMe obiAeM uenM.

B HacTOflLflee BpeMfi cMCTeMHbiii ana-nM3 CKBaxMHbi ocHOBan Ha npeflCTaBne-HMM ee B BMfle TeXHMHeCKOI?! CMCTeMbi. C TOHKM BpeHMs ynpaBAeHMfi KaSeCTBOM CKBaxMHy uenecoo6pa3HO paccMaTpM-BaTb KaK CMCTeMy - ropnoTexHMHecKoe coopyxeHMe, BKnraMaraiAyKjflBe noflCM-CTeMbi - ropnyK) m TexHMHecKyK) [8] .

K ropHOi^ noflCMCTeMe (pMC. 1) otho-CMTCJi MaccMB nopoA BOKpyr cTBona CKBaxMHbi, CBOMCTBa KOToporo B pe3ynb-TaTe 6ypeHMa cKBaxMHbi M3MeHMnMCb no CpaBHeHMiO C MCXOAHblMM (TeXHOreHHbIM MaccMB). r iof lxof l K onpeAeneHMKj rpa-HMUbl 3T0M HaCTM rOpHOrO MaCCMBa 3aBM-

CMT OT KOHKpeTHoi4 cMTyauMM Ha pac-CMaTpMBaeMOM ynacTKe neAp. TexHMnec-Kaa noACMCTeMa CKBaxMHbi BKnranaeTee noA3eMHoe m naseMHoe ocHaiueHMe. OcHOBHoe MecTO B noACMCTeMesannMa-eT Kpenb CKsaxMHbi, KOTopaa coctomt m3 pflfla sneMeHTOB — o6caflHbieTpy5bi, co-eAMHMTenbHbie MycjDTbi, MycjDTbi crynen-HaTOrO UeMeHTMpOBaHMfl, CTblKOBOHHbie ycTpoi4CTBa, 6aiJJMaHHbii^ naTpy6oK, sa-KonoHHbie naKepbi, TaMnonaxHbiM Ka-MeHb 3a o5caAHOM koaohhom, a TaKxe M3 conpaxeHMi?! nepeHMcneHHbix ane-MeHTOB MexAy co5om (coeAMnenMe 06caAHbiXTpy5, KOHTaKTHbieSOHbl «TaM-noHaxHbii?! KaMeHb — oGcaAHaa KonoH-Ha», «TaMnoHaxHbii^ KaMenb - creHKM CKBaxMHbi» M np.).

KaK npaBMno, ropnyra noACMCTeMy paccMaTpMBaraTnMLUb CTOHKM 3peHMfl ee BnM^HMfl na KanecTBO TexHonorMHecKMX npoueccoB cTpoMTenbCTBa cKBaxMHbi. TaK, HanpMMep, npM 6ypeHMM b rnMHMC-Tbix OTnoxeHMflx onpeAenflKJT TaK nasbi-BaeMoe TexHonorMnecKM neobxoAMMoe BpeMS yCTOi?IHMBOCTM CTBOna CKBaXMHbl. 3to npoMexyTOK speMeHM nocne BCKpbi-i m MHTepBana rnMHMCTbix nopoA, b Te-

nOflCMCteMW

ropHoa

nOBCHCtev •J '

3 VcnoBMaq , s rpOMHua »

noacMcteMw :̂ #

DpHpoaMMMj fOpHWM MOCCHB

Pmc. 1. CKBâ KMHa KaK ropHO-TexHMHecKoe coopy^KeHMe

H H C O H r * 3 - 2 0 VnpaBneHMe KanecTBOM h MeHeflXMeHT

MeHMe KOToporo AaHHbiw HHiepBaj i mo-x e i 6biTb 6e3 o c n o x H e H n w n e p e K p b i i 06caAH0M KOAOHHOM. FlpM H e o G x o A H -MOCTM p,ni\i yCTOiiHl/IBOCTM CTBona CKBaXMHbl npoBOA^T npoc}3M-naKTMHecKi/ie MeponpMflTi/ia, nanpMMep, nOBblLUaCiT CnOCoGhOCTb npOMblBOHHOM XMAKOCTM MHrMbMpoBaib pasynpoHHe-HMe rnMHMCTbix nopoA- TaKMM o6pa30M, peryAMpoBaHMe cbomctb npoMbiBOHHOM XMAKOCTM C LJ,enbK3 yBeJlMHeHMfl TeXHO-norMHecKM Heo5xoAMMoro BpeMenM yc -TOMHMBOCTM CTBOna nOSBOnfleT peiUMTb HacTHyra aaAany - npoBecTM KpennenMe MHTepBana neycTOMHMBbix OTnoxeHMM o6caAHOM KonoHHOM M n p o A o n x M T b 5y-peHMe CKBaxMHbi. OAHaKO c tohkm a p e -HMFi KanecTBa CKBaxMHbi 3Toro neAOCTa-TOHHO, nocKOAbKy, HanpMMep, pasMepbi M KOHCf)MrypauMq KaBepn b 3tom MHTep-Bane MoryT 6biTb TaKMMM, hto KanecTBO ueMeHTMpoBaHMfl 6yAeT neyAOBJieTBO-pMTenbHbiM. B o n e e T o r o , A a x e npM yAO-BneTBOpMTBAbHOM KaHecTse UeMeHTM-poBaHMsi o6caAHOM KonoHHbi B f i a r a , nornoiAeHHaf i rriMHMCTbiMM n o p o A a M M MB npoMbiBOHHOM XMAKOCTM npM yrAy6-neHMM CKBaXMHbl, MoxeT 6biTb BnocAeA-CTBMM peaAM30BaHa B npouecce mx Ha6y-xaHMH. flaBneHMe Ha6yxaHMfl rnMHMCTbix HacTMU B coneTaHMM c ApyrMMM H e 6 n a -ronpMflTHblMM CJDaKTOpaMM MOxeT n p M -

BecTM K oTKaay KpenM CKBaxMHbi ( A e -0 o p M a u M M , noTepe repMeTMHHOCTM m T.A-)- 3T0nMLiJb OAMH M3 MHOXeCTBa B03~ MOXHblX BapMaHTOB BnMflHMfl COCTOSHM^ ropHOM noACMCTeMbi na KanecTBOBaKOH-HeHHOM CTpOMTenbCTBOM CKBaXMHbl.

KAHECTBO CKBANCMHbl CKBaXMHbl npeAHaBHaneHbi p,n9 mc-

nonbBOBaHMfl b cocTaBe npMpoAHO-Tex-HMHecKoro KOMnneKca (cMCTeMbi) n o Ao6biHe yrneBOAopoAOB [ 6 ] . CneAOBa-TenbHO, KanecTBO AobbiBaraiAMX CKsa-

yHKL(MOHOnbHOCTb

HcMi«]KHOcn>

EesonocHocTb

XMH cneAyeT paccMaTpMBaTb c tohkm BpeHMq MX cjDyHKUMOHanbHoro HaBHane-Hi/ia B 3T0M CMCTeMe M, B oGiAeM c n y n a e , MOXHO npeACTasMTb KaKcoeoKynnocTb CnOXHblX CBOMCTB (pMC. 2 ) : CJDyHKUMO-HanbHOCTM (TexHonorMHHOCTM), n a A e x -HOCTM, 6eBonacHOCTM m 3kohommhhoctm (pecypcoeMKOCTM) [ 8 ] .

K a x A o e mb 3tmx c n o x H b i x cbomctb nyTeM nocneAOBaTenbHoro M H o r o y p o B -HeBoro pasAeneHMH (AeKOMnosMUMM) MOXHO npeACTaBMTb b bmac r p y n n b i Me-nee c n o x H b i x , a , b kohghhom MTore, — npocTbix cbomctb, noAAaroiuiMxcfi MBMe-peHMK).

yPOBHM KAHECTBA CKBAJKMHU M o x H O BbiAenMTb cneAyraiAMe y p o B -

HM KanecTBa CKBaxMHbi: mea/ibHoe - TeopeiMnecKM aoctm-

XMMbiM ypoBeHb KanecTBa;

noTeHu^anbHoe— npaKTMnecKM ao-CTMXMMbiM y p o B e H b KaHecTBa Ha Te-KyiAeM 3Tane pasBMTMa TexHonorMM 6ypeHMFt. M o x e T 6biTb o b e c n e n e n npM OTcyTCTBMM orpaHMHeHMM Ha McnonbBO-BaHMe p e c y p c o B ;

n p o e / c m o e - ypoBeHb KanecTBa, o 6 e c -nesMBaeMbiM pa5oMMM npoeKTOM na apoMTenbCTBO CKBaxMHbi. RpeACTaBnaeT C050M KOMnpOMMCC M e x A y bobmoxhoc-TSMM npoeKTMpoBLAMKa (orpaHMHeHbi p e -cypcaMM, Heo6xoAMMbiMM A^a Bbinonne-HMa pa6oHero npoeKTa) m BaKaBMMKa ( o r -paHMHeHbi pecypcaMM, Heo5xoAMMbiMM Ana peanMBauMM npoeKTa);

pea/7faHoe — y p o B e H b KanecTBa, B o n -nOLUeHHblM B BaKOHHeHHOM CTpOMTenb-CTBOM CKBaxMHe;

Mi/iHi/iMa/ibHO MonycmMoe — mmhm-ManbHbiM ypoBeHb KanecTBa, HMxe ko-TOpOrO CKBaXMHa He MOXeT CJDyHKUMO-HMpoBaTb B cocTaBe Ao5biBaK3Luero KOMnneKca.

CooTBercTBMe HOSHOMeHmo (uenH 4>yHKUMOHMpOBOHMR) CKBOXMHbl

dKOHOMWNHOCTfc

CboScTBO COxpOHHTb BO BpeMCHM B ycTQHOB/ieHHwx npeAenax 3hom8hmii Bcex nopaMerpoB, xapoKTepMsyiomMx cnoco6HOCTb CKBOxHHhi BunonHaib

uenesoe HOSHOMeHHe

Cbomctbo o6ecneMMBOTb npHeMneMuii ypOBSHb onoCHOCTH hq bcbx croflMRx XCM3HeHHOrO UMK/IO

yposeHb sorpaT ho scex cranMsx )«M3HeHHoro uMioia

Pmc. 2. BepiuMHa Aepesa o6immx cbomctb CKsajKMHbi

C HananoM peanMsauMM p a 6 o H e r o npoeKTa rnaBHOM uenbra CTanoBMTca Bbi-nonneHMe pa6oT 6eB HapyiueHMfl npoeK-THbix noKaBaTeneM KanecTsa CKBaxMHbi. r ipM 3T0M OCHOBHbie npo6neMbi CBaaanbi C ropHOM nOACMCTeMOM, HeAOCTaTOK 3Ha-HMM o KOTopoM, CKpbiBaeTca B pa6oHeM npoeKTe noA TepMMHOM « o c n o x H e H M ! i » . •ocKonbKy ocnoxneHMfl, KaK npaBMno, He MMeiOT KonMHecTBeHHOM xapaKTepMC-TMKM, aBTopbi npoeKTa orpaHMHMBaraTca o6u4MMM npeAAOxeHM^MM no mx n p o -c}DMnaKTMKe, ne o6ocHOBbiBafl 3c(Dc()eK-TMBHOCTb TaKMX npeAnoxeHMM.

CoBpeMeHHbiM noAXOAK3TOM npo6ne-Me A o n x e n , no HaineMy MneHMro, CTpo-MTbca Ha ocHOBeTeopMM PMCKa, npeAno-nararaiueM KonMnecTBennoe onMcaHMe

KaK BepOFiTHOCTM (naCTOTbl) BOBHMKHOBe-HM51 HexenaTenbHoro (onacHoro ) co6bi-TMfl, TaK M yLAep6a ot e ro peanwaauMM. B Hai i ieM cnynae onacHOCTb - 3to yrpoBa npoeKTHOMy KanecTBy CKBaxMHbi, a onac -Hoe co6biTMe - cneACTBMCM KOToporo m-nsqeTCfi y i u e p b KaHecTBy CKBaxMHbi. B pa-boMeM npoeKTe AonxHbi 6biTb Bbinonne-Hbi ananMB m oueHKa pMCKa, BbiAenenbi BOHbi PMCKa B paapeae CKBaxMHbi, to ecrb

MHTepBanbl, B KOTOpblX BOBMOXHO BOB-HMKHOBeHMe onacHbix co6biTMM c yKaaa-HMeM CTeneHM pMCKa, m o6ocHOBaHbi MeponpMSTM^ no e r o CHMxenMio ao npMeMneMbix BHaneHMM. HocKonbKy Bce 3TM n p o u e A y p b i CBSBaHbi CTexHonorMeM CTpOMTenbCTBa CKBaXMHbl, TO norMHHO 6bino 6bi HasBaTb mx ananMBOM m ouen-KOM TexHonorMMecKoro pMCKa.

RpaBMnaMM 6eBonacHOCTM b HecJDTa-HOM M raaoBOM npoMbimneHHOCTM (FIB 0 8 - 6 2 4 - 0 3 ) ycTanoBneHO, hto pa5oHMe npoeKTbl Ha CTpOMTenbCTBO CKBaXMH AonxHbi o6ecneHMBaTb GeBaBapMMHyra npoBOAKy CTBona, 6eBonacHocTb TpyAa B n p o u e c c e cTpoMienbCTBa cKsaxMH, mx HaAexHOCTb M npoTMBoaBapMMHyio yc-TOMMMBOCTb npM nocneAyKJLAeM 3Kcnny-aTauMM B KasecTBe onacHbix npoMBBOA-CTBeHHblX 06"beKT0B. TaKMM o6pa30M,

npaBMna ne npeAycMaTpMBaraT ananMBa M oueHKM TexHonorMHecKoro pMCKa.

PAEOHMM nPOEKTKAK BHPTyA J I bHA f lMOAEnb

KaK ropHOTexHMMecKoe coopyxenne CKBaxMHa MMeeT XMBHennbiM UMKn — coBOKynnocTb nocneAOBaTenbHbix 3Ta-noB KanecTBeHHoro MBMeneHMfl ee co-CTOflHMH, BKnraHaraiAMX, b oGiueM cny-Hae, npoeKTMpoBaHMe, CTpoMTenbCTBO, BKcnnyaTauMK) (b tom HMcne c BpeMen -HOM KOHcepBauMeM M MBMeneHMeM u e -n e B o r o HaBHaHeHM^ CKBaxMHbi) m nMK-BMAaUHtO CKBaXMHbl.

1 2 YnpaB/ieHMe KanecTsoM H MeHeAXMeHT C O H r * 3 - 2 0 0 3

Ha 3Tane npoeKTMposaHna CKsaxi/iHa KaK MaTepnanbHbiM oGteKT e iue He cy -LUecTByeT. OAnaKO SHaHMMOCTb 3Toro a iana ee xnsHeHHoro 1414 Kna nyMLue n e p e -oueni/iTb, HeM HeAooueHHTb. OLUMGoMHoe HAH HeAOCTaioMHO o6ocHOBaHHoe n p o -eKTHoe peiueHne M o x e r o6epHyTbCfl cy -LAecTBeHHbiM CHHxeHMeM ee peaAbHoro KanecTBa, H a n p u M e p , Ha 3Tane ^ M K B H -AaUMM CKBaXUHbl. OTCK)Aa AOri/IHeCKM BbueKaraT ABa BaxHbix BbiBOAa.

B o - n e p B b i x , c j i e A y e i y n p a B n a i b Ka-MecTBOM CKBaxuHbi n o c n e A O B a i e j i b H o Ha KaxAOM a r a n e ee x n s H e H H o r o UMK-j i a . n p n 3T0M na a i a n e CTpoi/iieAbCTBa n y x H o BbiAennTb ABa o6beKTa ynpaBAe-

- npoM3BOACTBeHHbiM n p o u e c c M cfDopMnpyraiAyracfl B p e a y j i b i a r e e r o ocyiAecTBneHMfl CKBaxuny .

Bo-BTopbix , npoeKTupoBaHne A o n x -Ho ocyiAecTB^flTbCfl c y n e i o M Bcero X M 3 -HeHHoro u n K n a cKBaxwHb i , a n p o e K i A o n x e H c o A e p x a T b o n u c a H M e c n o c o -6 0 B KOHTpona KanecTBa CKBaxuHbi na KaxAOM a i a n e x n a n e H H o r o u n K i i a . flna cfiyHKUMOHMpoBaHUfl cuc ieMb i ynpaBAe-HMfl KanecTBOM KonnHecTBenHbie n o K a -aaienw KaneciBa A o n x H b i 6biTb yKaaanbi p,m TexHOAornHecKMX npou,eccoB.

CoBpeMeHHbie paboMne npoeKTbi , BbinoriHfleMbie B cooTBeicTBi/iM C T p e 6 o -BannaMi/i P f l 3 9 - 0 1 4 8 0 5 2 - 5 3 7 - 8 7 « M a -Kei pa5oHero npoeK ia na apoMieAbCTBO CKBaxnH Ha HetjDTb n r a 3 » , ne OTBenaraT 3THM Tpe6oBaHMflM n He M o r y i 6biTb Mcnonb30BaHbi B CMCTeMe ynpaBneHMfl KanecTBOM C K B a x u n . OaKTMHecKM OHM npeAHaBHaneHbi, rnaBHbiM o 6 p a 3 0 M , AA^ onpeAeneHMa CTOMMOCTM CTpoMienbCTBa

CKBaXMHbl. BypOBOM nOAP^AHMK MC-n o n b s y e i n p o e K i KaK paapemeHMe na npOMBBOACTBO pa50T , a MCnOAHMieAM pyKOBOACTByKJTCa C06cTBeHH0M leXHO-norMHecKOM AOKyMeHiauMeM. 3TO o 5 y c -noBJieno cyiAHOCTbra CKsaxMHbi KaK r o p -HorexHMMecKoro c o o p y x e n n a , MOAertb noBCAeHMJi K o i o p o r o na a i a n e 6ypeHMfl -3T0 MOAenb CMiyauMM. XecTKMe paMKM pa6oHero npoeKia neBOBMOXHO n e p e n e -CTM B peanbHyra CMiyauMra. VnpaBneHMe lexHonorMHecKMMM n p o u e c c a M M o c y -LAecTBAaeTCfl Ha ocHOBe, KaK npoeKTHbix pei i ieHMM, l a K M onepaiMBHOM MHcjJop-Mai4MM, Tpe6yK)LueM anaAMsa B leneHMe AOCiaTOHHO KopoTKoro MHTepBana Bpe -MenM, paccMOTpeHMn necKonbKMX s a -

pMaHTOB paSBMTMq Co6blTMM M MX n o -cneACTBMM p,n^ KanecTBa CKBaxMHbi , npMHSTMJI Ha 3T0M OCHOBe eAMHCTBeH-H o r o a n b i e p H a i M B H o r o pemeHMa.

r i p e x A e Bcero , n o a r o M y OAMH M TOT x e pa5oHMM npoeKT M o x e T 6biTb p e a -nMBOBan c paBHOM peaynbTaTMBHOCTbra

B BaBMCMMOCTM OT BOBMOXHOCTeM 6 y p O -

B o r o noApsiAHMKa. B CBflBM C 3TMM BblBblBaeT COMHeHMe

OCyiUeCTBMMOCTb MHCt)0pMai4M0HH0M CM-CTeMbi TexHMKO-TexHonorMHecKoro naA-Bopa CTpoMTenbCTBa M SKcnnyaTauMM CKBaxMH [ 9 ] , B ocHOBy KOTopoM n o n o x e H npoeKT Ha CTpoMTenbcrBo CKsaxuHbi .

CoBpeMeHHbiM n o A x o A K o b e c n e n e -HMio KaMecTBa CTpoMTenbCTBa CKBBXMH A o n x e n c ipoMTbca ne TOAbKO na MBno-xeHMM B pa6oMeM npoeKTe n p e A n a r a e -MbixTexHMHecKMX peiueHMM, HOTaKXe Ha OnMCaHMM BOBMOXHOCTeM M npeAOCTaB-neHMM KOHKpeTHbix cpeACTB, HanpMMep n p o r p a M M H b i x , Ana ynpaaneHMa Kane-CTBOM npoMBBOACTBeHHoro npou,ecca CTpoMTenbCTBa CKBaxMHbi. l/lHbiMM c n o -BaMM, npoeKT A o n x e n CTaTb pa6oHMM, TO ecTb cpeACTBOM BonnoLAeHMfl npoeKTHbix peii ieHMM. B noAHOM Mepe peiueHMK)

3T0M BaAaHM COOTBeTCTByeT KOHUenUMfl BbinonneHMfl pa6oHero npoeKia KaK BMp-TyanbHOM^ MOAenM CKBaxMHbi M n p o u e c -ca ee CTpoMTenbCTBa, TO ecTb c Mcnonb -BOBaHMeM K0MnbK3TepHblX TexHonorMM. ripMMeM B noHaTMe«KOMnbK3TepHb ieTex -

HOnorMM» Mbl BKnaAblBaeM OTAMHHblM OT McnonbByeMoro B coBpeMennb ix CMCTe-Max aBTOMaTMBMpoBaHHoro npoeKTMpo-Banm 6ypeHM3 (CAf lPGypeHMe) CMbicn. B HacTOJiLAee BpeMa KOMnbraiep Mcnonb-ByeTCJi KaKnporpaMMMpyeMbiM KanbKyna-Top M MHoroctDyHKUMonanbHaa nMLiiyiAaa MaiuMHKa. PeaynbTaT npoeKTMpoBaHM^ BbiAaeTca B BMAe TeKCTOBoro AOKyMen-Ta. KoHuenuMa x e BMpTyanbHOM MOAe-nM n p e A n o n a r a e i coBAanwe KaK AOKy-MeHTa (3T0 H e o 6 x o A H M O , n o c K o n b K y

npoeKT — 3T0 rapMAMHeCKMM AOKyMeHT), TaK M n a K e i a n p o r p a M M B M p i y a n b H o r o a n a n o r a n p o u e c c a CTpoMtenbCTBa CKBa-

X M H b l ( BAn ) . TaKMM o 6 p a B O M , npMHUMnManbHoe

OTnMHMe TpaAMUMOHHOM M n p e f l / i a r a e -MOM KOHuenuMM npoeKTa BaKmoMaeicfl B TOM, HTO nepBafl ocHosana na cf)MKcaLj,MM CTaTMHHOM MHC|30pMai4MM, BTOpafl — MC-n o n b s y e i MHCt)opMau,MK) KaK MHCipy-MeHT noBHaHMFi, TO ecTb B AHHaMMKe ee pasBMTMfl. B M p i y a n b H a a MOAenb A a e i BOBMOXHOCTb aHanMBMpoBaib n p o u e c c CTpoMTenbCTBa cKBaxMHbi: Bo -nepBb ix , nosneMeHTHo; BO-BTopbix, BO BsaMMO-CBSBM Bcex OAHOBpeMeHHO npoTeKaraiAMX npoueccoB , TO ecrb B npocTpancTBeHHO-BpeMeHHbix KoopAMHaiax ; B - ipe ibMX, B paapeae Bcex cnaraeMbix KaneaBa (c|3yH-KUMonanbHOCTM, HaAexHOCTM, 5eBonac-H O C T M M _ 3 K 0 H 0 M M H H 0 C T M ) .

- BMpTyajibHbiM - cosflaHHbiM Ha aKpane KOMnbioTepa; BocnpoMSBOflMMbiM KOMnbroxep-HbiMM cpeflCTBaMM.'" ' • • - • •::•.•••>••.--

BAH-TexHonorMa n p e A n o n a r a e i n o c -neAOBaienbHoe ocy iuec iBneHMe cneAy-raiAMX OCHOBHblX s i a n o B :

• p a B p a 6 o i K y MaieMaiMnecKMx MO-AeneM o G t e K i O B ynpasneHMf l ;

• cf jopMMpoBaHMe o n e p a i M B H o n o -n o n n a e M b i x KOMnbra iepHbix 6aB A a n -Hbix CBOMCTB o b b e K i o B ynpaBneHMs M BHaHMM;

• npeAciaBneHMeHaaKpaheKOMnbK)-l e p a MHCjDopMauMM 0 6 o b t e K i a x ynpaB -neHMfl B BMAe, aAeKBaiHOM peanbHOMy;

• o b e c n e n e H M e c p e A c i B Ana MHie -paKiMBHoro MByneHMa o b b e K i o B y n p a B -neHMa B c i a i M K e M AHHaMMKe, BKnranaa nepcneKiMBy M p e i p o c n e K i M B y ;

• AOKyMeHiMpoBaHMeynpaBnaraiAMX BOBAeMciBMM M MX p e B y n b i a i o B .

npoMBBOACiBeHHbiM n p o u e c c CipOM-l e n b c i B a CKBaxMHbi, KaK y x e n o A n e p -KMBanocb , o iHOCMica K SMcny c n a 6 o c i p y K i y p M p o B a H H b i x s a A a n . B n a c i o a -LUee BpeMa cjDopManMSOBaHHbie onMca-HMa (MOAenM) cy iAeciByKDi nMLUb A^a o i A e n b H b i x e r o a n e M e n i o B , n p o c i o e c y M M M p o B a H M e K o i o p b i x H e A a e i u e n o c i -HOM KapiMHbi 3 i o r o n p o u e c c a . f loa iOMy npaKiMHecKaa peanMsauMa B A H - i e x H O -norMM Bceueno onpeAenae ica MMeraiAM-MMca BOBMOXHOCiaMM ocyiAeciBneHMa n e p B o r o e e a i a n a . BbinonneHMe nocneAy-raiAMX a ianoB BOBMOXHO C noMoiAbKD y x e anpo5MpoBaHHbix Ana aioM uenM lexHO-norMM, B Hac iHoc iM, CASE- iexHonorMM coBAaHMa M conpoBOXAeHMa MHcfiopMa-UMOHHbix CMCieM, D IS - iexHonorMM c o -BAaHMa pacnpeAeneHHbix 6a3 Aannbix M pacnpeAeneHHoro MHiepaKiMBHoro MO-AenMpoBaHMa M l e x H o n o r M M A n n a M M -

neCKOM BMByanMBaUMM MHCfDOpMaUMM. H e o 6 x o A H M b i M ycnoBMeM pei i iehMa

yKaaaHHoro KOMnneKca B o n p o c o B , KaK noKaBano Bbime, a s n a e i c a CMCieMHbiM ananMB cKBaxMHbi M n p o u e c c a ee c i p o -M i e n b c i B a c nocneAyK3LUMM o b t e A M n e -HMeM cfjopManMBOBannbix onMcanMM noACMCieM M aneMeniOB B eAMnyra n o -rMKO-MaieMaiMHecKy io MOAenb. HaM-6 o n e e npMeMneMbiM Ana peinenMa paAa HaciHbix saAan aBnaeica MeioA AnnaMM-necKoro nporpaMMMpoBanMa, noBBona-K3LUMM CBecTM n p o 6 n e M y onpeAenenMa oniMManbHOM c i p a i e r M M ynpaBneHMa KaneciBOM BceM CMCieMbi K pe inenMio pflAa 6 o n e e n p o c i b i x aaAan Ana o i A e n b -Hbix noACMCieM.

TCXHOnOmM CTPOMTCnbCIBA CKBA3KMH K A K O I E l l M A n b H U E nPOIIECCbl BaxneMLUMM ycnoBMeM obecnenenMa

KaneciBa aaKOHMennbix c i p o M i e n b c i s o M CKBaxMH, KO iopoe A o n x n o 5biTb y n i e -

H H C O H r * 3 - 2 0 YnpaBJieHHe KOMecxBOM H MeHeA>KMeHT 1 3

HO npn pa3pa6oTKe CMCieMbi ynpaene-Hi/ia KanecTBOM 5ypoBoro npeAnpnaii/ia, flBnneTca KBaAMCJDMKauMa TexHonori/i-HecKMX npoueccoB KaK cneunanbHbix.

B cooTBeTCTBi/ii/i c TOCT P 40.003-2000 «CMCTeMa cepTMc|Di/iKaLi,m/i rOCT P. PerncTp cncreM KanecTBa. flopaflOK npo-BefleHi/ia cepTMcf)i/iKaL4MM cucieM Kase-CTBa M CepTHCtDMKaUMM np0M3B0ACTB» K cneunanbHbiM oiHecehbi npoueccbi, pesyjibTaibi Koiopbix nenbaa B nonnoM Mepe npoBepi/iTb nocAeAyroiAMM KOHT-poneM M McnbiiaHwaMU npoAyKU^n M HeAOCTaiKM KOTOpblX MOryi 6blTb BblflB-AeHbi TonbKO B xoAe McnonbsoBaHna npoAyKm/iM». B rocT p mco 9000-2001 (1/ICO 9000-2000) «CMCTeMbi MeneAX-Menia KaneciBa. OcnoBHbie nonoxeHi/ia M cnoBapb» noacHaeica, HTO npoqecc, B KOTopoM noATBepxAenne coo iBe i -CTBUfl KOHeHHOM npoAyKuuM saipyAHe-HO Mnv\M Heuejiecoo6pa3-HO, Macro OTHOcai K « c n e i 4 M a A b H 0 M y n p o A e c c y » . KpaiKoe onucaHne HeKO-Topbix npHMepoB cneu,ManbHbix npo-ueccoB, BKJiKDHafl OTAenbHbie MeioAbi

KOHipona npOAyKUUM, B np0M3B0ACTBe KOTopoM npuMeHaraica 3TM npoueccbi npuBeAeHo B [10].

OcHOBHbie lexHonornnecKne npo-ueccbi CTpoi/iienbCTBa CKBaxuHbi non-HOCTbra cooTBeicTByraT KpniepnaM cne-UManbHbix, nocKonbKy coBepmaiOTca B Heflpax n MX peaynbiai Henbsa B nonnoM Mepe npoBepMTb nocneAyraiAUM KOHT-poneM M HcnbiiaHnaMM, a ncnpaB/ieHne AonyiAeHHoro 5paKa sarpyAHeHO I/IAM HeBOSMOXHO. B 3T0M cfiyHae cornacHO rOCT P MCO 9001-2001 (MCO 9001 2000) «CncTeMbi MeHeAXMeHia Kane-cTBa. Tpe6oBaHna» opraHnaauna A o n x -Ha noATBepxAatb Bce npoueccbi npons-BOACTBa n o5cnyxMBaHHfl, B MacTHOc™, 3a cnei npocf)ecci/ioHaAbHoi?i noAroTOB-KM, HaBbiKOB M BHaHMM onepaTopoB, o6ecneHMBaK3LLiMX ipeGyeMoe KanecTBO npoAyKLJ,MM, a TaKxe nocToaHHOM perM-CTpauMM AaHHblX no airecTauMM nepco-Hana, npoueccoB M o6opyAOBaHMa.

KaK 6biJio noKaaaHO Bbime (CM. C O -CTOiRHMe npo6neMbi) nenoBeHecKMM cjjaKTop o6ecneHeHMa KanecTBa CKBa-XMH B MCcneAOBaHMax He yHMTbiBaeica. rioAroTOBKa M aiTecTauMa nepconana RBnaraTCa 06a3aTeAbHblMM nMLUb B Ha-CTM o6ecneHeHMa 5e3onacHOCTM npo-M3B0ACTBeHH0M AeaienbHOCTM (Pfl 03-444-02 « n o j i o x e H M e o nop^AKe noA-rOTOBKM M aTTeCraUMM pa60THMK0B opraHM3au,MM, ocyiAecTBJiaraiAMX Aea-TenbHOCTb B o6nacTM npoMbiinneHHOM 5e3onacHOCTM onacHbix npoMSBOA-CTBeHHblX 06beKT0B, nOAKOHTpOJlbHblX

TocropTexHaABopy POCCMM» ; « n o p a A O K oGyneHMa n o o x p a n e TpyAa M n p o B e p -KM BHaHMM Tpe6oBaHMM o x p a H b i TpyAa paGoTHMKOB opraHMBau,MM», y i B e p x -A e n nocTanoBneHMeM MMHTpyAa POC-CMM M MMHo6paBOBaHMa POCCMM OT 13 flHBapq 2003 r. N21/29). C TOHKM ape-HM^ ynpaBAeHMs KanecTBOM CKBaxMH Heo6xoAMMO BBecTM CMCTeMy noATBep-XACHMq COOTSeTCTBMFI (cepTMCf)M Ka-UMM)nepcoHana.

PASnEHEHME n O n H O M O H M M B ynPABJ IEHMMKAHECTBOM OCBAJKMH O A H M M M3 BonpocoB paccMaTpMBae-

MOM MeTOAonorMM siBAfleicfi p a B A e n e -HMe nojiHOMOHMM B ynpaBJieHMM Kane-CTBOM CKBaXMH.

B pblHOHHblX ycnOBM^X BBaMMOOTHO-LueHM3 M e x A y BceMM cy6beKTaMM, npM-HaCTHblMM K CTpOMTenbCTBy CKBaXMHbl, ocyLuecTBAJiKJTCfi na A o r o B o p n b i x y c n o -BMflX. TocyAapCTBO KaK C05cTBeHHMK HeAP npeAOCTaBfiaeT n p a s o MX M c n o n b -BOBaHMa cy6beKTaM n p e A n p M H M M a -lenbCKOM Ae^Te/ibHOCTM (neApono j ibBO-BaTeAM) Ha ycAOBM^x, o r o B o p e n n b i x B nMu,eH3MM. OTHOLueHMfl M e x A y H e A p o -nonbBOBaieneM-BaKaBHMKOM, npoeKTM-

POBLAMKOM M 5ypOBblM nOAP^AHMKOM perynMpyraTca na ocHOBe A o r o B o p a noA-p^Aa, Tpe5oBaHMfl K KOTopoMy p e r n a -MeHTMpoBaHbi f p a x A a n c K M M KOABKCOM P O (rnaBa 38, § 3 « C T p o M T e n b H b i M n o A -p a A » M § 4 « n o A P 3 A Ha Bb inonneHMe npoeKTHbix M MBbicKaTenbCKMX p a 6 o T » ) . npM 3T0M npOeKTMpOBLAMK M 6ypOBOM noAP^AHMK n e c y i OTBeTCTBennocTb aa KanecTBO BbinonneHHOM pa6oTbi. floKy-MeHTOM, CJDMKCMpyK3LAMM oSsBaTenbCTBa CTOpOH B OTHOLUeHMM KaHeCTBa KOHeH-Horo peaynbTaTa, J iBnaeica pa6oHMM npoeKT Ha CTpoMienbCTBO CKsaxMHbi.

r iocKonbKy KanecTBO BKnranaeT M n o -KaaaTenM 6eaonacHOCTM, TO OTHomeHMq M e x A y ynacTHMKaMM CTpoMTenbCTsa CKBaXMHbl AOnXHbl COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Tpe5oBaHMJiM TexHMHecKoro p e r y n M p o -BaHMfl. Ero cyTb co rnacHO O e A e p a n b -HOMy aaKOHOMy «0 TexHMHecKOM p e -r y n M p o B a H M M » OT 27 A e K a b p a 2002 r. N2 184-03, aaKAKJHaeTca B npaBOBOM perynMpoBaHMM oiHot i ieHMM B o6nacTM ycTanoBneHMfi , npMMeneHMSi M M c n o n -HeHMa o6aaaTenbHbix Tpe6oBaHMM K npoAyKUMM, n p o u e c c a M npoMBBOA-CTBa, 3KcnnyaTauMM, x p a n e H M f l , n e p e -BOBKM, peanM3au,MM M yTMAMsauMM, a T a K x e B o6nacTM ycTanoBneHMfi M npM-MeneHMfl na A o 6 p o B o n b H O M ocHOBe Tpe6oBaHMM K npoAyKUMM, n p o u e c c a M npoMBBOACTBa, 3KcnnyaTau,MM, x p a u e -

HMfl,nepeBOBKM, peanMBauMM M yTMnM-aauMM, BbinonneHMio pa6oT MnM OKaaa-HMKD y c n y r M npaBOBOM p e r y n M p o B a -HMM OTHOLIieHMM B o6naCTM OUeHKM COOTBeTCTBMM. TpeGoBaHMji TeXHMHeC-Koro perynMpoBaHMM ycTanaBnMBaKjTCfl aaKOHOAaTenbHbiM aKTOM - lexHMHec-KMM pernaMeHTOM (O6LAMM M c n e u M -a n b H b i M ) . 06jiaaTenbHbie Tpe6oBaHMq onpeAenaraTCf l coBOKynnocTbra HopM O6LAMX M cneu,ManbHbix TexHMnecKMX pernaMeHTOB.

KanecTBO npoAyKU,MM M ycny r MCKnra-HaeTCM M B ccfDepbi HenocpeACTBeHHoro ro-cyAapcTBeHHoro per/nMpoBauMa M pe rna -MeHTMpyeTCfl, B nacTHOCTM craHAapTaMM. CneAOBaTenbHO, cooTBeTCiBMe p e r n a -MeHTy - o6ecneHMBaeT besonacHOCTb, a cooTBeTCTBMe aaHAapTy - KaseaBO.

TaKMM 0 6 p a B 0 M , C O A H O M CTOpOHbl, ecTb rapMAMHecKMe npeAnocb inKM p.n9 OTHeceHMS K obaaaTenbHbiM Tpe6oBa-HMflM ( p e r y n M p y e M b i M na cfDeAepanb-HOM ypoBHe) noKaaaTeneM beaonacno-CTM CKBaXMHbl, a K peKOMeHAaTenbHbiM (pe rynMpeMbiM CTaHAapTaMM) - ee n a -

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1. CMHMUbiH B.A. K Bonpocy o nnanM-poBaHMM KanecTBa CTpoMTenbCTBa CKBa-XMH//Hec})TaHoe x o a a M a s o , 1977, N2l2.

2. BpoHBOB A., BaAOBCKMM H., Koponb-Ko E., KoMM 3., LilenMnno KD. HpobneMa KanecTBa c ipoMTenbciBa CKBaxMH B uedp-TeAo6biHe//BypeHMe. - 2001. - N2 5.

3. CKBopu,OB lO.n. rioroBopMM 0 Ka-HecTBe//BypeHMe. — N2 1. — 2000.

4. BopK X. M AP- ripMHfiTMe 6MBHec-pemeHMM no paaBeAKe M paapa6oTKe MecTopoxAeHMM Hepea KOMnneKCHoe ynpaBneHMe MHTerpMpoBannbiMM n p o -eKTaMM (IPM)//LJJnraM5epxe. Hecf)Te-raaoBoe oGoapenMe, neTO 1998.

5. BnaroBeiAencKMM B. HameM uenbra 6bino BHeApeHMe nepeAOBOM CMCTeMbi