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The ionic strength of a solution is difined as (7-5) where c i = concentration of the ith species of ion, gram mole/liter z i = magnitude of charge on ith species ion When solutions are sufficiently dilute, that is, when the ionic strength is very low, the activity coefficient is approximately unity and concentration terms can be used in figure 7-2. Weak acids and weak bases in water dissociate in part to form ions. The equilibria existing between the undissociated molecule and the ions are   (7-6) and (7-7) where A - and B + = anions and cations, respectively. The equilibrium expressions for these dissociations are (7-8) and (7-9) The equilibrium constants in equation 7-8 and 7-9 are called ionization or dissociation constants. When dealing with the dissociation of water, (7-10) a modified equilibrium expression is used. (7-11) where K w = activity ion product of water The activity of the undissociated water is so great, as compared to the activities of the ions, it can be treated as a constan. In pure water or in a dilute solution at 25 o C, the ion product of water is 1.00x10 -14 . Modified equilibrium expressions are also used to describe solubility relationships of slightly soluble salts. For example, consider the equilibrium existing in a saturated solution between the un-dissolved salt, B m A ms and its ions

Translet Unpro 91

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The ionic strength of a solution is difined as

(7-5)

where ci = concentration of the ith species of ion, gram mole/liter

zi = magnitude of charge on ith species ion

When solutions are sufficiently dilute, that is, when the ionic strength is very low,

the activity coefficient is approximately unity and concentration terms can be used in figure

7-2.

Weak acids and weak bases in water dissociate in part to form ions. The equilibria

existing between the undissociated molecule and the ions are

 

(7-6)

and

(7-7)

where A-and B

+= anions and cations, respectively.

The equilibrium expressions for these dissociations are

(7-8)

and

(7-9)

The equilibrium constants in equation 7-8 and 7-9 are called ionization or dissociation

constants.

When dealing with the dissociation of water,

(7-10)

a modified equilibrium expression is used.

(7-11)

where Kw = activity ion product of water

The activity of the undissociated water is so great, as compared to the activities of 

the ions, it can be treated as a constan. In pure water or in a dilute solution at 25oC, the ion

product of water is 1.00x10-14

.

Modified equilibrium expressions are also used to describe solubility relationships of 

slightly soluble salts. For example, consider the equilibrium existing in a saturated solution

between the un-dissolved salt, BmAms and its ions

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Kekuatan ionik larutan didefinisikan sebagai

(7-5)

dimana ci = konsentrasi ion, gram mol/liter

zi = besarnya muatan pada ion

Ketika larutan yang cukup encer, yaitu, ketika kekuatan ionik sangat rendah,

koefisien reaksi adalah sekitar satuan dan waktu konsentrasi yang dapat digunakan dalam

gambar 7-2.

Asam lemah dan basa lemah di bagian air yang terpisah akan membentuk ion.

Kesetimbangan yang ada antara molekul terpisah dan ion-ionnya adalah

  (7-6)

dan

(7-7)

dimana A-dan B

+= anion dan kation, masing-masing.

Kesetimbangan untuk pemisahan ini dinyatakan dalam

(7-8)

dan

(7-9)

Kesetimbangan tetap dalam persamaan 7-8 dan 7-9 disebut ionisasi atau disosiasi konstan.

Ketika dipertemukan dengan kondisi disosiasi air,

(7-10)

kesetimbangan dimodifikasi menggunakan persamaan

(7-11)

dimana Kw = produk ion air

Aktivitas air terdisosiasi begitu besar, dibandingkan dengan aktivitas ion, yang dapat

diperlakukan sebagai suatu ketetapan. Dalam air murni atau dalam larutan encer pada suhu

25o

C, produk ion air adalah 1.00x10-14

 

Reaksi kesetimbangan dimodifikasi juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan hubungan

kelarutan dari garam sedikit terlarut. Sebagai contoh, perhatikan kesetimbangan yang adadalam larutan jenuh antara garam tidak terlarut, BmAms dan ion-nya.