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Treatment with eldecalcitol (ED-71) and raloxifene combined increases cancellous and cortical bone strength in ovariectomized rats.
S d ki S k i S t hi T k d A k Shi i hi N b K ik M hik Mih d K i hi E dSadaoki Sakai, Satoshi Takeda, Ayako Shiraishi, Nobuo Koike, Masahiko Mihara and Koichi EndoProduct Research Dept., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Japan
Backgrounds•Eldecalcitol (ED‐71; ELD), a 2β‐hydroxypropyloxy derivative of 1α,25(OH)2D3, was approved for treatment of osteoporosis in Japan in 2011.•ELD significantly reduced the incidence of vertebral and wrist fractures compared with alfacalcidol, a prodrug of 1α,25(OH)2D3, in a 3‐year clinical study [1].
ObjectiveTo compare the effects of combining ELD and RAL against each monotherapy in osteoporotic rats.
Summary
The combination treatment with ELD and RAL•ELD inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption and increased bone mass more potently than alfacalcidol in ovariectomized (OVX) rats [2].•Raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is globally approved for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.•There are no reports describing the efficacy of combination treatment of ELD with RAL in osteoporosis patients or in animal models.
[1] Matsumoto T et al. Bone 49: 605 (2011) [2] Uchiyama Y et al. Bone 30: 582 (2002)
Results
The combination treatment with ELD and RALimproved bone mechanical strength by suppressing bone turnover and increasing BMD more than either monotherapyreduced the rise of blood Ca and urinary Ca excretion seen in ELD monotherapy.may avoid excessive reduction of bone turnover.showed additive effect on inhibition of mouse bone marrow osteoclastogenesis.
Fig. 1 Bone resorption marker
4 wks 8 wks 12 wks
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVXShamVehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
ShamVehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
DP
D/C
re(n
mo
l/mm
ol)
s
v v
v,e,r
s
v,rv
v,es
v,rv
v,e
ELD + RAL significantly decreased urinary DPD compared with ELD (4 wks) or RAL (4, 8 and 12 wks) monotherapy.
Fig. 2 Bone mineral density
Ult
imat
e L
oad
(N
)
Wo
rk t
o f
ailu
re (
mJ)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL0
200
400
600
800
0
50
100
150
200
250
s
v
s
v
Ultimate load Work to failure
Fig. 3 Mechanical strength of lumbar vertebra (L5) and femoral midshaft
Compression test of L5
Fig. 4 Bone histomorphometry
0
2
4
6
8
Oc.
S/B
S (
%)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
s
v
v,e
v,r
Osteoclast surface
0
1
2
3
N.O
c/B
S (
/mm
)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
s
v
v,e
v,r
Osteoclast number
O t bl t f O t id f
ELD + RAL decreased the number of osteoclast compared with RAL monotherapy, and lowered bone formation parameters to sham control levels.
The combination treatment increased the mechanical strength of lumbar vertebra and femoral midshaft.
g y
BM
D (
mg
/cm
2 )
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
Lumbar spine Femur (whole)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
s
v,e,rv
v,es
v vv,e,r
ELD + RAL significantly increased BMD of lumbar spine and femur compared with either monotherapy.
OVX OVX
Ult
imat
e L
oad
(N
)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140v,rv,r
ve
Wo
rk t
o f
ailu
re (
mJ)
Ultimate load Work to failure
3‐point bending test of femoral midshaft
0
5
10
15
20
Ob
.S/B
S (
%)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
s
vv
v,e,r
Osteoblast surface
0
5
10
15
20
25
OS
/BS
(%
)
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
s
v
v,e,r
Osteoid surface
1
1.5
2
2.5
R (μ
m/d
ay) s
v,r
Mineral apposition rate
0.1
0.15
0.2
s
v
e
Bone formation rate
mm
3 /m
m2 /
year
)
Methods
BM
D (
mg
/cm
2 )
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVXSham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
Proximal femur Mid femur Distal femur
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
sv v
v,e,rs
v vv,r
sv v,r
Mean + SD s P < 0.05 vs. sham by unpaired t‐test.v P < 0.05 vs. OVX + vehicle, e P < 0.05 vs. OVX + ELD, r P < 0.05 vs. OVX + RAL by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
OVX
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
Serum Ca (mg/dL) 10.34±0.31 9.92±0.23 s 10.72±0.36v 9.62±0.24 10.25±0.34 e,r
Urinary Ca/Cre 0.037±0.011 0.038±0.011 0.346±0.058 v 0.042±0.054 0.198±0.046v,e,r
e
e
Table 1 Serum Ca and urinary Ca/Cre (12 wk)
ELD + RAL reduced the increase in serum Ca and urinary Ca/Cre by ELD.Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL
OVX
0
0.5
MA
OVX
Sham Vehicle ELD RAL ELD+RAL0
0.05 v,r
Fig. 5 In vitro osteoclastogenesis In vivo In vitro
BF
R/B
S (m
Animals: 8‐month‐old female Wistar‐Imamichi ratsTreatment: Daily, 12 weeks, by oral gavageGroups: (n = 10)
Sham VehicleOVX VehicleOVX ELD 7.5 ng/kgOVX RAL 0.3 mg/kgOVX ELD 7.5 ng/kg + RAL 0.3 mg/kg
samplesOVX
Treatment ( daily, oral gavage)
0 4 8 12 wks
urineurine
Vehicle ELD
RAL ELD + RAL
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Number of TRAP positive multinucleated osteoclasts
v, r
vv
with or without10‐7M ELD 10‐6M RAL10‐7M ELD + 10‐6M RAL
Mouse Bone Marrow 30 ng/mL M‐CSF30 ng/mL RANKL
Count a number of TRAP positive multinucleated osteoclast.
The combination treatment with ELD and RAL showed additive effect on inhibition of mouse bone marrow osteoclastogenesis.
7 days
bone, urine, serum
(/well)
Measurements:Bone resorption marker: Urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD)BMD: Lumbar spine (L2‐L4), femurBone biomechanical strength: Lumbar vertebral body (L5), femurBone histomorphometry: Lumbar vertebral body (L3)Serum calcium (Ca), urinary Ca, urinary creatinine (Cre)
n=3v p<0.05 vs Vehicle by Tukey’s multiple comparison testr p<0.05 vs RAL by Tukey’s multiple comparison test
0
20
40
V ELD7 RAL6 COMVehicle ELD ELD + RALRAL
【COI】 All authors are employees of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.