Trinh Tu Tk Chieu Sang Trong Nha

7/31/2019 Trinh Tu Tk Chieu Sang Trong Nha

1/19

- 1 -

Cc thng s c bn ca chiu sng

Thng s Biu thc tnh n vQuang thng

=

=780

380

)().(

dvPk Lumen (lm)

Hiu sut pht quangP

=

Lm/W

Cng sng

=I

Candela (cd)

ri2

cosR

I

SE =

=

Lux

chicos.S

IL =

Cd/m2

nh lut LambertEL

= v EL

=


2/19

- 2 -

Phn loi cc thit b chiu sng


3/19

- 3 -

c tnh ca mt s loi n chiu sng

Loi n , lm/W m ,0K IRC T, h

Nung sng 1020 25003000 100 1000Hunh quang 40105 28006500 5592 40007000Cao p Hg 4090 30004500 4060 40005000Halogen 4060 2900 100 20003000Metal Halide 65120 29006000 6093 300020000

LPS (p sut thp) 100200 25004500 80 1200024000Compact 85 27004000 85 80009000Cm ng tch hp 6070 30004000 85 60000Sulphur 100 6000 80 60000


4/19

- 4 -

CHIU SNG NHN TO

Chiu sng nhn to c chia nh sau:- Chiu sng lm vic;- Chiu sng s c;- Chiu sng phn tn ngi;- Chiu sng bo v.

Yu cu i vi h thng chiu sng:- Khng b la mt: v cng chiu sng mnh s lm cho mt c cm gic b la, thn

kinh cng thng, th gic s mt cm gic.- Khng la do phn x: mt s vt cng tc c tia phn x cng kh mnh v trc tip, do

khi b tr n phi ch trnh hin tng ny- Khng c bng ti: i vi ni sn xut (phn xng) phi c nh sng u c th quan

st ton b phn xng.- Phi c ri ng u: phi c ri ng u khi quan st t nay ny qua ni khc

mt khng phi iu tit qu nhiu, gy hin tng mi mt.- Phi to nh sng ging nh nh sng ban ngy: quyt nh th gic ca ta nh gi c

chnh xc hoc sai lm

Mt s thut ng thng dng:- Mt lm vic: B mt m trn ngi ta tin hnh cc cng vic, quy nh hoc o ri.

- Mt lm vic quy c: Mt phng nm ngang quy c ly cch sn nh 0,8m.- H s d tr: H s tnh ton cp n s gim ri trong qu trnh s dng do bi

bn, s gi ca bng n.- Vt cn phn bit: Cc chi tit, cc khuyt tt ca i tng cn quan st trong qu trnh

lm vic (si vi, ng, im, vt xc, vt bn).- Nn: B mt st vi vt cn phn bit, m trn ngi ta quan st vt.- Chiu sng lm vic: Chiu sng bo m s hot ng bnh thng ca ngi lm

vic trong qu trnh sn xut.

- Chiu sng phn tn ngi: Chiu sng phn tn ngi ra khi nh hoc ni nguyhim khi chiu sng lm vic t nhin b tt.- Chiu sng s c: Chiu sng tip tc lm vic khi chiu sng lm vic t nhin b tt.- Chiu sng bo v: Chiu sng bo v trong cc gian phng sn xut v khu vc

thuc phm vi x nghip trong thi gian khng lm vic vo ban m.- Chiu sng chung: Chiu sng do cc n b tr u phn trn ca gian phng

(chiu sng chung u) hoc b tr u theo khu vc lp t thit b (chiu sng chung khuvc).

- Chiu sng cc b: Chiu sng b sung cho chiu sng chung do cc n tp trung quangthng trc tip ti v tr lm vic.

- Chiu sng hn hp: Chiu sng bao gm chiu sng chung v chiu sng cc b.- Ngy lm vic: Thi gian lm vic trong mt ngy 8 gi hoc thi gian lm vic trongmt ca.

Khi thit k ta la chn cc thng s:- Chn ngun sng: theo tiu chun

o Nhit mu c chn theo biu Kruithofo Ch s mu IRCo Tui th ca no Quang hiu n

- H thng chiu sng:- Thit b chiu sng:


5/19

- 5 -

- Chn ri:- Chn h s d tr k (h s b)


6/19

- 6 -

Trnh t thit k chiu sng trong nh:

TT Cc bc thit k Biu thc tnh ton1 Chn ri Eyc2 Chn kiu n Biu Kruihof3 Chn kiu chiu sng Trc tip, gin tip, bn trc tip4 Chn cao treo n

''hh

hJ

+=

5 S n phn b u nh sng23

dd LqL ;23

nn LpL

6 Xc nh quang thng tng

ld

dtyc

k

kSE

.

..

=

7 S lng n theo ri

d

N=

dt

ldd

kba

kNEE

..

... =

2

3cos.

h

IEM

=

8 Kim tra ri thc t:- ri trung bnh- i vi 1 ngun sng

- Ngun sng im

- Ngun sng ng ).

(2 22 h

Larctg

hL

hL

h

IE ep ++

=


7/19

- 7 -

TRNH T THIT K CHIU SNG TRONG NH

Bc 1: CHN RI YU CUChn cn c vo cc yu t sau:

- c im s dng v c im khng gian ca ni tht.- Tnh cht hot ng ca ni tht (vn phng, xng v, phng hc, lp rp chi tit, hi

trng)- Mi trng chung.

Bng 1. ri yu cu ca mt s a im chiu sng

a im chiu sng Eyc, lux a im chiu sng Eyc, luxVn phng 150200 Phng c 200500Phng thit k, v 200500 Ging ng 200500Phng ch 100150 Phn xng c kh 200750Hng lang, cu thang 50100 Nh bp 50100

Cc gi tr ri tiu chun trong thang ri: 0,2; 0,3; 0,5; 1; 2; 33; 5; 7; 10; 20; 30; 50; 75;100; 150; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 750; 1000; 1250; 1500; 2000; 2500; 3000; 3500; 4000; 4500;5000 lux. (ch khi la chn ri phi da trn thang ri, khng chn gi tr ngoi thang ri)

Bc 2: CHN KIU BNG NTheo cc tiu ch:- Nhit mu m p dng biu KruithofTheo biu mi trng tin nghi nm trong khong:

E, lux 50 100 150 2000K 2300 2800 2500 3200 2700 3500 2800 3800E, lux 300 400 500 10000K 2900 4200 3000 4600 3100 5100 3300

- Ch s hon mu IRC.- Hiu sut sng v tui th bng n

Bc 3: CHN KIU CHIU SNG V KIU N- Chiu sng trc tip: dng cho cc nh cao tng, hiu sut chiu sng cao nhng tng v

trn hi ti- Chiu sng bn trc tip: cho php to mi trng chiu sng tin nghi hn nhng hiu

sut chiu sng khng cao.- Chiu sng gin tip: thng p dng cho nhng ni cng cng nh nh ga, i snh, nh

hng,Bc 4: CHN CAO TREO NT s treo n:

'

'

hh

hJ

+= thng h 2h nn 0 J 1/3


8/19

- 8 -

Bc 5: B TR N V XC NH S LNG N TI THIU m bo ng u ca chiu sng. ng u ph thuc vo cc yu t:

- Khong cch gia cc n L.- H s phn x ca tng, trn, nn.- Loi n.- T s L/h (gi tr cc i ca n c cho ng vi tng loi n do cc hng sn xut cung

cp)Bng 2. T s L/h ca cc loi n chiu sng

n A B C B E H I, J K S T(L/h)max 0,5 0,8 1 1,2 1,5 1,7 2,5 3

Trong trng hp thiu thng tin th c th ly t s L/h gn ng nh sau:Bng 3. t s L/h ph thuc vo cch b tr n v ni chiu sng

B tr nhiu dy B tr mt dyNi chiu sng v loi n

Ti u Cc i Ti u Cc iNgoi tri, chao m 2,0 2,9 1,6 2,3Phn xng, chao vn nng 1,5 2,2 1,5 1,7

Vn phng, ging ng 1,3 1,5 1,2 1,5 m bo ng u nh sng ti mi im, khong cch t cc ng bin phi thamn iu kin:

23dd Lq

L v

23nn Lq

L


9/19

- 9 -

Ld, Ln: khong cch gia cc n theo chiu dc v ngang

S lng n ti thiu m bo cho chiu sng ng u NminBc 6: XC NH TNG QUANG THNG CA CC N CHIU SNG

ldd

dtyc

k

kSE

.

..

=

Eyc: ri yu cu, luxS: din tch b mt chiu sng, m2

d : Hiu sut ca n (c gi tr khong 0,5-0,7)Kdt: h s d tr, thng ly 1,2-1,3 hoc tra bngKld: h s li dng quang thng ca n (H S S DNG)H s li dng quang thng ca n ph thuc vo h s khng gian kkg, cc h s phn x ca

tng, trn v sn. (tra bng, c cung cp bi hng sn xut)Bng 4. Tra H s s dng ca mt s loi n thng dng %

Loi nSi tthng

Si t chiusu

n hunh quang n hunh quang loi kn

trn % 30 50 70 30 50 70 30 50 70 30 50 70

tng % 10 30 50 10 30 50 10 30 30 50 30 50 10 30 30 50 30 500,5 21 24 28 19 21 25 26 29 30 35 30 34 20 22 23 25 24 260,6 27 30 34 24 27 31 28 31 32 37 32 37 23 25 26 28 26 290,7 32 35 38 29 31 34 32 36 36 42 36 42 27 29 29 32 29 320,8 35 38 41 32 34 37 37 41 40 45 41 46 30 32 32 35 32 350,9 38 40 44 34 36 39 40 43 43 47 43 48 32 34 34 36 34 371,0 40 42 45 36 38 40 43 45 46 49 46 50 34 35 36 33 36 381,1 42 44 46 37 39 41 45 46 48 51 48 52 36 36 37 40 38 391,25 44 46 48 39 41 43 47 48 50 53 50 54 37 38 39 41 39 411,5 46 48 51 41 43 46 50 52 52 56 51 58 39 40 41 42 41 441,75 48 50 53 43 44 48 53 54 56 58 56 60 41 42 43 44 43 452,0 50 52 55 44 46 49 56 57 58 61 59 62 42 44 44 46 45 462,25 52 54 56 46 48 51 58 58 60 63 62 65 44 45 45 47 47 482,5 54 55 59 48 49 52 60 62 63 65 64 67 46 46 47 49 48 503,3 55 57 60 49 51 53 62 64 64 67 66 69 47 48 48 50 49 51C

hs

sosnhkhng

giankkg

3,5 56 58 61 50 52 54 63 65 66 68 67 70 47 48 49 52 50 52


10/19

- 10 -

4,0 57 59 62 51 52 55 65 67 68 70 69 72 48 49 50 52 51 535,0 58 60 63 52 54 57 67 68 69 72 71 74 49 50 51 53 52 54

H s khng gian c xc nh theo biu thc:

)(

.

bah

bakkg +

=

a, b, h l cc kch thc ca phng chiu sngBng 5. gi tr cc h s phn x, %

c im ca tng, trn, nn

Mu trng, thch cao 0,8Mu sng, nht 0,7Vng, lc, xi mng 0,5Gch, , mu rc r 0,3Mu ti 0,1H s phn x nn thng ly gn ng t 0,1; o,3

- Sn mu ti : 0,1- Sn tri nha Plastic : 0,3

H s d tr

H s d tr v s ln lau n trong thng

Bc 7: XC NH S LNG N CN THIT

d

N=

d : quang thng ca nNu s lng ca n tm c ln hn s lng n ti thiu Nmin th chnh l s lng ntnh ton.


11/19

- 11 -

Nu N < Nmin th phi dng s lng n ti thiu lm s lng tnh ton. Khi ta cn chn lili n c quang thng ph hp

minNd

=

Bc 8: KIM TRA RI TI CC IM CN THITKim tra ri trung bnh trn b mt chiu sng ( ri thc t)

dt

lddd

kba

kNE

..

... =

Kim tra ri trn b mt chiu sng ch c mt ngun sng duy nht- i vi ngun sng im:

- i vi ngun sng ng:


12/19

- 12 -

Bi tp: Thit k chiu sng cho mt ging ng c kch thc axbxH l 16x10x4,2m. Trnmu trng, tng mu vng v sn tri plastic

Trnh t thit kChn ri yu cuDa vo bng 1 chn ri yu cu cho phng hc Eyc = 200luxChn kiu bng nTheo biu Kruithof ri 200lux ng vi nhit mu 30000K (mi trng tin nghi)Tra bng ta chn n hunh quang kiu TFP36 di 1,2m, quang thng 3450lm, nhit mu30000K, ch s hon mu 85, cng sut Pd=36WChn b n i ngm trong trn (2xTFP336) c hiu sut n 0,58Chiu cao bn lm vic 0,8mChiu cao treo n: 4,2 0,8 = 3,4mXc nh khong cch gia cc n. Tra bng 3 ta c L/h = 1,3 L = 1,3.3,4 = 4,2m, chn L 4m

Ta b tr 3 hng theo chiu dc, 4 hng theo chiu ngang nh hnh v

Tnh ra ta c khong cch theo chiu dc Ld = 3,6m; chiu ngang Ln = 4mKim tra iu kin ng u nh sng

23dd Lq

L v

23nn Lq

L

2

6,32,1

3

6,3 v

2

44,1

3

4

Vy m bo yu cu ng u nh sng.S lng b n ti thiu Nmin = 12

Xc nh quang thng tng ca cc b n chiu sng

ldd

dtyc

k

kSE

.

..

=


13/19

- 13 -

Tra bng ta bit h s phn x ca trn, tng, v nn: 0,7:0,5:0,3H s khng gian:

)(

.

bah

bakkg +

= = 76,1)6,916(4,3

6,9.16=

+

T h s khng gian v h s phn x ta tra bng 4 tm c h s s dng: kld = 0,6H s d tr ly bng kdt = 1,25Quang thng tng:

lm8,110344

6,0.58,0

25,1.6,9.16.200==

S lng n cn thit:

163450.2

8,110344==

=

d

N Nmin = 12

Vy s n thc chn l 16 (cn lp thm 4 bng na xen k nh hnh v)

9,6m

3,6m

1,2m

4m 1,4m

16m

ri thc t (kim tra ri)

dt

lddd

kba

kNE

..

... = = ycElux = 20125,1.6,9.16

6,0.58,0.16.3450.2

Vy h thng chiu sng m bo yu cu ca bi.


14/19

- 14 -

Bi tp: hy thit k chiu sng cho mt phng thit k c kch thc axbxH l 12x4,7x3,6m


15/19

- 15 -

n si t: cn gi l n nung sng, c s dng rt ph bin trong thc t do c cu to ngin, gi r. n si t lm vic theo nguyn l pht sng nhit v theo nh lut Stephan

4.. kTSA=

Trong : : quang thng, lmS: din tch b mt t nng, m2

Tk: nhit tuyt i,0K

A = 5,7.108 (W/m2.0K) : hng s

Cu to gm:1. dy tc2. Mc bng molipden3. Thu knh4. Khng gian trong bu thy5. Thanh thy tinh6. a thy tinh7. ng tho kh8. Dn dn in9. kim loi10.Cc ng hoc thic11.Bng Alpul

u im:Nhc im:


16/19

- 16 -

nh sng trng: nh sng c ph lin tc trong vng ph nhn thyNhit mu:


17/19

- 17 -

Chao nChao n: l b phn bao bc ngoi bng nMc ch:

- Dng phn phi li quang thng ca bng n mt cch hp l v theo yu cu nhtnh.

- Bo v cho mt khi b chi, bo v cho bng khi b va p, bi bm v b ph hy bicc kh n mn

- Tng v p ca h thng chiu sng.Nh c cc loi chao n khc nhau, nn ngoi ta c th phn b quang thng ca cc bng ntheo yu cu khc nhau. V d: theo yu cu chiu sng rng, chiu u, chiu su hoc chiuhp. hnh gii thiu ng cong phn b nh sng ca cc loi n. Trn hnh ta thy theo yucu chiu sng rng, quang thng ca n phn b rt t vo khong khng gian 0 0-450m tptrung ch yu vo khong khng gian t 450-900. Theo yu cu chiu u, quang thng ca nphi c phn b u ra mi pha. Cc trng hp chiu su v chiu hp cng c gii thchtng t. Mi ni lm vic c yu cu phn b quang thng ring, v d nu din tch lm vic lmt khong rng th phi dng hnh thc chiu sng rng hoc u. Khi cn tp trung nh sngvo mt vng no th phi dng hnh thc chiu sng su v hp

Cc hnh thc phi quangHai ch tiu ch yu ca chao n l: hiu sut v gc bo vHiu sut ca chao n l t s gia quang thng ca n c chao v quang thng ca bn thnbng n. V chao n hp thu mt s quang thng ca ngun sng nn hiu sut ca chao chkhong 0,5-0,9.

Gc bo v la gc trn hnh. Gc bo v cng ln, tc dng lm chi mt cng nh v ngcli. gc bao v tnh nh sau:

Rr

htg

+=

Trong :: gc bo vh: khong cch t si dy tc n mp di ca chao nr: bn knh ca vng dy si t ca nR: bn knh ca ming chao n


18/19

- 18 -

Gc bo v ca chao n khi dng bng n si tGc bo v cn ln hoc b l ty thuc vo c im ca ni lm vic. Theo cc phn b quangthng ca ngun sng ta c th chia chao n ra ba loi chnh:

- Chao n chiu trc tip: c th tp trung hn 90% quang thng ca ngun sng xungpha di.

- Chao n phn x tp trung hn 90% quang thng ca ngun sng ln pha trn tri riphn x tr xung.

- Chao n khuch tn to ra nh sng khuch tn ch khng chiu sng trc tip


19/19

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Trinh Tu Tk Chieu Sang Trong Nha