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1. Greek Mythology: Olympian Gods and Goddesses In Greek mythology, twelve gods and goddesses ruled the universe from atop Greece's Mount Olympus. These Olympians had come to power after their leader, Zeus, overthrew his father, Kronos. All the Olympians are related to one another. All major decisions that needed to be made, such as war, would be put before the Gods for approval. The Romans will adopt most of these Greek gods and goddesses, but they will be given new names. Zeus: The most powerful of all, Zeus was god of the sky and the king of Olympus. His temper affected the weather, and he threw thunderbolts when he was unhappy. He was married to Hera but had many other lovers. His symbols include the oak and the thunderbolt. Hera: Goddess of marriage and the queen of Olympus. She was Zeus's wife and sister; many myths tell of how she sought revenge when Zeus betrayed her with his lovers. Her symbols include the peacock and the cow. Poseidon: God of the sea. He was the most powerful god except for his brother, Zeus. He lived in a beautiful palace under the sea and caused earthquakes when he was in a temper. His symbols include the horse and the trident (a threepronged pitchfork). Hades: God of the Underworld/Death. He lived in the underworld, the heavily guarded land where he ruled over the dead. He was the brother of Zeus and the husband of Persephone, Demeter's daughter, whom he kidnapped. Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty, and the protector of sailors. She may have been the daughter of Zeus and the Titan Dione, or she may have risen from the sea on a shell. Her symbols include the myrtle tree and the dove. Ares: God of war. He was both cruel and a coward. Ares was the son of Zeus and Hera, but neither of his parents liked him. His symbols include the vulture and the dog, and he often carried a bloody spear. Athena: Goddess of wisdom. She was also skilled in the art of war, and helped heroes such as Odysseus and Hercules. Athena sprang fullgrown from the forehead of Zeus, and became his favorite child. Her symbols include the owl and the olive tree. Questions: 1. What is Greek Mythology, based on what you see in this document? 2. Why do you think the Greeks had different Gods/Goddesses with various responsibilities? 3. Explain the significance of Mount Olympus.

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Page 1: Trojan War Mini Stations - Amazon S3#such#as#war,#would#be#putbefore#the#Gods#for# approval.##The#Romans#will#adoptmostof#these#Greek#gods#and# goddesses,#butthey#will#be#given#new#names.#

1.  Greek  Mythology:    Olympian  Gods  and  Goddesses  In  Greek  mythology,  twelve  gods  and  goddesses  ruled  the  universe  from  atop  Greece's  Mount  Olympus.  These  Olympians  had  come  to  power  after  their  leader,  Zeus,  overthrew  his  father,  Kronos.    All  the  Olympians  are  related  to  one  another.  All  major  decisions  that  needed  to  be  made,  such  as  war,  would  be  put  before  the  Gods  for  approval.    The  Romans  will  adopt  most  of  these  Greek  gods  and  goddesses,  but  they  will  be  given  new  names.  

Zeus:    The  most  powerful  of  all,  Zeus  was  god  of  the  sky  and  the  king  of  Olympus.  His  temper  affected  the  weather,  and  he  threw  thunderbolts  when  he  was  unhappy.  He  was  married  to  Hera  but  had  many  other  lovers.  His  symbols  include  the  oak  and  the  thunderbolt.  

Hera:  Goddess  of  marriage  and  the  queen  of  Olympus.  She  was  Zeus's  wife  and  sister;  many  myths  tell  of  how  she  sought  revenge  when  Zeus  betrayed  her  with  his  lovers.  Her  symbols  include  the  peacock  and  the  cow.  

Poseidon:  God  of  the  sea.  He  was  the  most  powerful  god  except  for  his  brother,  Zeus.  He  lived  in  a  beautiful  palace  under  the  sea  and  caused  earthquakes  when  he  was  in  a  temper.  His  symbols  include  the  horse  and  the  trident  (a  three-­‐pronged  pitchfork).  

Hades:  God  of  the  Underworld/Death.  He  lived  in  the  underworld,  the  heavily  guarded  land  where  he  ruled  over  the  dead.  He  was  the  brother  of  Zeus  and  the  husband  of  Persephone,  Demeter's  daughter,  whom  he  kidnapped.  

Aphrodite:  Goddess  of  love  and  beauty,  and  the  protector  of  sailors.  She  may  have  been  the  daughter  of  Zeus  and  the  Titan  Dione,  or  she  may  have  risen  from  the  sea  on  a  shell.  Her  symbols  include  the  myrtle  tree  and  the  dove.  

Ares:  God  of  war.  He  was  both  cruel  and  a  coward.  Ares  was  the  son  of  Zeus  and  Hera,  but  neither  of  his  parents  liked  him.  His  symbols  include  the  vulture  and  the  dog,  and  he  often  carried  a  bloody  spear.  

Athena:    Goddess  of  wisdom.  She  was  also  skilled  in  the  art  of  war,  and  helped  heroes  such  as  Odysseus  and  Hercules.  Athena  sprang  full-­‐grown  from  the  forehead  of  Zeus,  and  became  his  favorite  child.  Her  symbols  include  the  owl  and  the  olive  tree.  

 

Questions:  1. What  is  Greek  Mythology,  based  on  what  you  see  in  this  document?  2. Why  do  you  think  the  Greeks  had  different  Gods/Goddesses  with  various  

responsibilities?  3. Explain  the  significance  of  Mount  Olympus.  

 

 

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2.  Trojan  War    

Once  upon  a  time,  a  long  time  ago,  there  was  an  ancient  city  named  Troy.  Troy  was  located  on  the  coast  of  Asia,  across  the  sea  from  the  Greek  city-­‐state  of  Sparta.  In  those  days,  people  used  to  build  walls  around  their  city  to  help  protect  them.  Some  walls  were  only  a  few  feet  high.  Others  as  much  as  twenty  feet  high!  The  people  built  gates  in  the  wall.  The  gates  could  be  opened  to  let  people  inside  the  city.  In  times  of  war,  the  gates  could  be  closed  and  locked  to  stop  intruders  from  getting  inside.  

Along  the  wall,  inside  of  the  city,  a  set  of  stairs  wound  up  to  the  top.  Warriors  could  stand  at  the  top  of  the  stairs  and  shoot  arrows  down  at  intruders  who  were  trying  to  get  inside  the  city.  There  were  also  holes  built  high  on  the  wall.  Archers  could  shoot  arrows  though  the  holes  as  well.  If  the  wall  was  high  enough  and  strong  enough,  it  could  do  a  pretty  good  job  keeping  intruders  from  coming  inside.    

The  walls  around  Troy  were  very  high  and  very  strong.  According  to  the  legend  of  Trojan  Horse,  for  ten  long  years,  the  Greeks  had  been  trying  to  get  over  the  wall  around  the  city  of  Troy.  But  the  Greeks  could  not  get  over  the  wall.  And  the  Trojans  could  not  drive  the  Greeks  away.  Year  after  year  they  fought.  And  year  after  year,  neither  side  won.    

One  day,  a  Greek  general,  Odysseus,  had  a  tricky  idea.  "Let's  pretend  to  sail  away,"  he  suggested.  "We'll  leave  a  gift  for  Troy,  a  gift  to  announce  the  end  of  the  war,  a  wooden  horse  with  30  men  hidden  inside.  At  night,  these  men  can  sneak  out  and  open  the  gate  of  Troy!"  That  was  the  way  things  were  done  back  then.  When  you  admitted  defeat,  you  supplied  a  gift.  It  could  be  a  gift  of  money,  art,  slaves,  anything  really.  It  made  sense  to  leave  a  gift  of  art.  The  Greeks  were  famous  for  their  art.    

The  Greeks  thought  it  was  a  brilliant  idea.  They  had  their  best  artists  build  the  horse.  It  was  a  magnificent  horse.  When  it  was  ready,  the  Greeks  brought  the  huge  wooden  horse  as  close  to  Troy's  city  gates  as  they  could  get  without  being  shot  full  of  arrows.  The  Greeks  pretended  to  sail  away.    

When  the  Trojan  archers  at  the  top  of  the  stairs  saw  the  Greeks  leaving,  they  could  not  believe  their  eyes.  Were  the  Greeks  giving  up  at  last?  Had  the  Trojans  won  the  war?  It  certainly  appeared  so!  The  Trojans  dragged  the  horse  inside  their  city  and  closed  the  gates.  Some  people  wanted  to  burn  the  horse,  which  would  have  been  a  sad  fate  for  the  Greek  soldiers  hidden  inside.  But  the  Trojan  people  said,  "NO!  It's  too  beautiful!  We'll  keep  it  forever  as  a  reminder  of  our  victory!"  (The  Greeks  had  counted  on  that  reaction.  The  Greeks  might  be  famous  for  their  art,  but  the  Trojans  were  famous  for  their  bragging.  The  Greeks  were  sure  the  Trojans  would  want  to  display  the  magnificent  horse.  Sure  enough,  that's  exactly  what  happened,  or  so  legend  says.)    

That  night,  while  the  Trojan  people  slept  soundly,  exhausted  from  their  celebrations,  the  30  Greek  men  hidden  inside  the  wooden  horse  climbed  out  and  opened  the  gates  of  Troy  and  let  the  Greek  army  inside.  That  was  the  end  of  Troy.  There  is  an  old  saying,  one  still  used  today  -­‐  Beware  of  Greeks  bearing  gifts!  That  old  saying  refers  to  the  legend  of  the  Trojan  Horse.  (from  MrDonn.org)  

 Question:  

1. After  reading  this  article  about  Troy,  put  yourself  in  the  shoes  of  a  Greek  soldier  who  was  inside  the  horse:  Write  a  diary  entry  in  which  you  describe  what  it  was  like  to  prepare  for  this  battle,  and  how  the  Greeks  were  able  to  beat  the  Trojans.    

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3.  Movie  Clip  from  “Troy”    At  the  start  of  the  clip  you  are  about  to  watch,  keep  the  following  in  mind:  • The  Greeks  and  Trojans  had  been  fighting  for  10  years.  • At  this  point  in  the  war,  the  Greeks  had  advanced  all  the  way  to  Troy,  home  

of  the  Trojan  people.  • The  dead  men  on  the  beach  are  Greeks,  left  behind  by  their  army  in  a  fake  

“retreat”  from  the  battle.  • The  men  who  find  the  horse  are  from  Troy.  • These  Trojans  bring  this  “gift”  into  their  walled  city…  

   

Watch  the  movie  from  the  start  of  Chapter  38  until  2:22:00.      After  the  clip  is  finished,  answer  the  following…    Questions:  

1. What  was  the  Greek  battle  strategy?  2. Why  did  the  Trojans  accept  the  horse?  Think  belief  systems…  3. Why  do  you  think  the  Greeks  were  forced  to  use  this  deception?  4. What  can  you  tell  about  the  Greeks  and  Trojans  from  the  fight  that  ensues?